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=:=m~roxbq HB CO\BQXCJMACÑO HBF ABAS^ ) Fbaxrtmq bo hbdmxb7CQQO >143-4=84 Mýi [C\& O· =3bobti - groci 4>==& ~~/ =:=-=;4/

Fm qiacifijàm ~tmj`íxcam cttr`~b bo bf ~mcqmgb hb fmq acboacmq qiacm-

fbq ltmoabqmq bo fm hãamhm hb =3;>/ Rom hb qrq mtcqxmq m~roxm m ~ti-

lrohcwmt fm qc`bxtàm boxtb bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tía-

xcai r ithcomtci/ Bo bqxb qboxchi& s hboxti hbf ̀ mtai hb rom m~btxrtm

hb fm qiacifijàm ltmoabqm mf ~boqm`cboxi mojfiqmgño& tbacdb colfrbo-

acmq xmoxi hb fm bxoi`bxihifijàm ai`i hbf ~tmj`mxcq`i m`btcamoi/

Bqxb mtxàarfi qb itcboxm m qcqxb`mxcwmt fm ̀ mobtm bo }rb fm qiacifijàm

~tmj`íxcam ~tbxbohb aiithcomt m`diq xc~iq hb aioiac`cboxiq i

qmdbtbq/ ^mtm bffi& xbohtb`iq bo arboxm m qrq ~mhtbq lrohmhitbq7

D/Fmxirt s F/Difxmoqec/ Bf ~tc`bti tbmfcwm qrq xtmdmgiq itcjcomtciq

bo bf ̀ mtai hb fm qiacifijàm hb fmq acboacmq& lrbtxb`boxb colfrboacmhm

~it hcaki `rohi mojfiqmgño/ Bf qbjrohi fi kmab bo bf `mtai hb rom

qiacifijàm ~ifàxcam& `íq afíqcam bo fi }rb kmab m fmq colfrboacmq hb

~mtmhcj`mq b{xtm-hcqac~fcomtciq/ M ~mtxct hb m`diq& tbmfcwmtb`iq ro

bqxrhci ai`~mtmxc|i& hb qb`bgmowmq s hclbtboacmq& aio bf lco hb co-

hmjmt mabtam hb fiq m~itxbq hb hcakm aittcboxb qidtb bf qxmxrq hbf

aioiac`cboxi bo fm ~tíaxcam acboxàlcam/

Fm xbitàm hbf aioiac`cboxi& hbqhb fm `ihbtochmh s dmgi fiq ~tbqr-

~rbqxiq emoxcmoiq& xbohcñ m bqacohct hiq í`dcxiq mrxñoi`iq7 m# bf

aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s d# bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai/ Bqxi c`~fcamdm rom

lrbtxb mqc`ãxtcam hiohb qb mtjöàmo fm b{cqxboacm hiq xc~iq hb tmaci-omfchmh/ Coor`btmdfbq aittcboxbq lcfiqñlcamq arbqxciomtio bqxm hcq-

xcoacño/ ̂ bti hboxti hbf hbdmxb qiacifñjcai& ro arbqxciom`cboxi tm-

hcamf m hcakiq ~tbqr~rbqxiq xr|i qcb`~tb rom ~tbqboacm `mtjcomf bo

fm xtmhcacño afíqcam/ Bqxi qb hbdcñ& bo ~mtxb& m fmq b{cjboacmq kifàqxcamq

}rb B/Hrtekbc` c`~ioàm m lcobq hb qcjfi [C[& s }rb J/Xmthb hboro-

acmdm aio hrtbwm/ Ai`i bqxb ÷fxc`i& or`btiqmq aittcboxbq }rbhm-

tio lrbtm hbf `mcoqxtbm` qiacifñjcai/ Bqxb lrb bf amqi hb fiq xtmdm-

 giq ~tmj`mxcqxmq itcboxmhiq bo xmf qboxchi/ Oi idqxmoxb& aio bf ai-

Bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai bo fm qiacifijcm ~tmj`íxcamltmoabqmTblfb{ciobq qidtb fm qiacifijàm hb fm acboacm hb Dtroi Fmxirt s fm qiacifijàm~ifàxcam hb Fra Difxmoqec'

J MDTCBF O MTHMAAKCIOB''

' M ~ti~ñqcxi hb mfjroiq xtmdmgiq hb Dtr-

oi Fmxirt s Fra Difxmoqec/

'' Co|bqxcjmhit hbf AIOCABX-RDM/

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=:4 Bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai bo fm /// ) Jmdtcbf Omthmaakciob

ttbt hbf qcjfi& mfjromq aittcboxbq ai`bowmtio m hbqxmamt fm ~tbb`c-

oboacm hbf qmdbt ~tíaxcai ~mtm hcfrachmt mfjroiq ~tidfb`mq qiaci-

acboxàlcaiq/ Boxtb bffiq qb hbqxmamtio fm bxoi`bxihifijàm s bf

coxbtmaaciocq`i& m `borhi qrd|mfitmhiq ~it qr mfamoab `cati-qi-

acifñjcai/ Xihmq bqxmq aittcboxbq |mo m orxtct m fm qiacifijàm ~tmj`í-

xcam ltmoabqm/ Bo xãt`coiq hb ixtmq colfrboacmq& qñfi hbdbtàm mjtbjmtqb

m fm lboi`boifijàm s mf moífcqcq hbf fbojrmgb& atracmf m fm kitm hb

hblcoct ro ait~rq ~ti~ci/ Mffà& qr boli}rb qcxrmaciomf |m m qrqxboxmt-

qb bo fmq |btqciobq ~tmj`íxcamq `íq tmhcamfbq& m}rãffmq }rb xtmoq-

lit`mtio fiq hcqartqiq s qrq qboxchiq& bo maxiq hb kmdfm }rb

~btlit`mxc|m`boxb ~tihrabo b|boxiq bo bf ̀ rohi/

Bqxb mtxàarfi xcbob xtbq ~mtxbq/ Bo amhm rom hb bffmq qb rxcfcwmtío bgbq

aioab~xrmfbq hb fm qiacifijàm ~tmj`íxcam ~mtm hmt arboxm hb orbqxtm

~tidfb`íxcam aboxtmf/ Bo bqb `mtai& xm`dcão qb aioxtmqxmtío fiq

~roxiq hb |cqxm hb D/Fmxirt s F/Difxmoqec/ Bo fm ~tc`btm ~mtxb qb~iqxrfmtí rom kc~ñxbqcq hb aioxcorchmh& m ~mtxct hb fm armf fm qiacifi-

jàm ~tmj`íxcam ~tbxbohb ti`~bt or`btiqmq moxcoi`cm afíqcamq hb

fm qiacifijàm +cohc|chri-aifbaxc|i& ~mtxcarfmt-jbobtmf& `cati-`mati#/

Bo fm qbjrohm qb rxcfcwmtí fm oiacño hb qc`bxtàm ~mtm `iqxtmt mfjr-

oiq hb fiq ~tbqr~rbqxiq `bxihifñjcaiq aio }rb fm qiacifijàm ~tmj-

`íxcam ~tbxbohb oi ambt bo m~tcitc hbf idqbt|mhit aio bf armf qb

co|cqcdcfcwmo or`btiqmq ~tíaxcamq tbfb|moxbq/ ̂ it ÷fxc`i& qb ~iohtí

hb tbfcb|b fm oiacño hb ~trbdm ~mtm `iqxtmt kmqxm }rb ~roxi fm ma-

acño hb~bohb lrohm`boxmf`boxb hb fmq ai`~bxboacmq hb fiq maxitbqbo qcxrmacño/

Fm kc~ñxbqcq hb aioxcorchmhFm kc~ñxbqcq hb aioxcorchmh bq rom hb fmq ~cbhtmq dmqmfbq hb fm qiaci-

fijàm ~tmj`íxcam/ Fi }rb bffm ~iqxrfm& bo ~tcoac~ci& bq rom tr~xrtm

aio |mtcmq moxcoi`cmq afíqcamq hb fmq acboacmq qiacmfbq7 `cati-`mati&

cohc|chrmf-aifbaxc|i& chbmf-oit`mxc|i bxa/ Tbxi`mohi mfjromq hb

bffmq& Difxmoqec +=33>d# `rbqxtm añ`i hrtmoxb fm atbmacño hb ro

mllmctb& i fi }rb bq fi ̀ cq`i& fm jbobtmfcwmacño hb ro amqi ~tidfb`í-

xcai& fiq hboroacmoxbq drqamo hbqcojrfmtcwmtqb ~mtm fijtmt rom qxm-

xrq jbobtmf }rb |rbf|m fbjàxc`m qr hboroacm/ Xkã|boix +4>><# ̀ rbq-

xtm añ`i fiq maxitbq hbdbo kmabt tblbtboacm mf `cq`i xcb`~i m lma-

xitbq chbmfbq +~tcoac~ciq hb grqxcacm# s tbmfbq +hcq~iqcxc|iq boamtom-

hiq bo bf `rohi# ~mtm ~ihbt grqxclcamt aittbaxm`boxb/ M`diq

+Difxmoqec , Xkã|boix& =33=# mlct`mo }rb oi kms rom qb~mtmacño

boxtb fi `cati s fi `mati& }rb fiq maxitbq bqxío coxboxmohi aiithc-

omt ~bt`moboxb`boxb fm qcxrmacño fiamf m ro `mtai jbobtmf& qbm bqxb

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=:1m~roxbq HB CO\BQXCJMACÑO HBF ABAS^ ) Fbaxrtmq bo hbdmxb7CQQO >143-4=84 Mýi [C\& O· =3bobti - groci 4>==& ~~/ =:=-=;4/

bo xãt`coiq oit`mxc|i i qc`~fb`boxb tbjfm`boxmtci-grtàhcai/ ̂ bti

bo bqxb mtxàarfi& oiq coxbtbqm tbmfwmt fm aioxcorchmh boxtb bf qmdbt

acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai-ithcomtci/ Bf |àoarfi qb bqxmdfbab hbqhb

bf `i`boxi bo }rb m`diq qio maxc|chmhbq }rb hblcobo ro aioiac-

`cboxi qidtb bf ̀ rohi/ Bo bqb qboxchi& fm qiacifijàm ~tmj`íxcam oi

~iqxrfm ocoj÷o ~tcoac~ci hb gbtmt}ràm ~it ~mtxb hbf idqbt|mhit& qcoi

}rb boarboxtm hc|btqmq `ihmfchmhbq hb colfrboacm `rxrm& xmoxi hbf

qmdbt acboxàlcai qidtb fmq ~tíaxcamq ai`i hb fmq ~tíaxcamq ithcomtcmq

qidtb fm bfmditmacño hbf qmdbt acboxàlcai/

B{cqxbo |mtciq bgbq hb aioxcorchmh/ B`~bwmtb`iq ~it fiq }rb ~iqxr-

fm Dtroi Fmxirt/ Hbqhb rom m~rbqxm ~it rom qiacifijàm hb fmq mqi-

acmaciobq& ~ti~iob hiq xc~iq hb aioxcorchmh7 m# acboacm-qiacbhmh s 

 d# acboacm-~ifàxcam/ ̂ ihtàm hbactqb }rb ~mtm bf mrxit bf aioiac`cboxi

qb qcx÷m m `cxmh hb am`coi boxtb fm qiacbhmh s fm ~ifàxcam/ Qr m~rbqxm

bq oi qiacifijcwmt fm qiacbhmh oc hbq~ifcxcwmt fm acboacm/ Bo ixtmq~mfmdtmq& ~mtm }rb b{cqxm qiacbhmh kms }rb hbq~bgmtfm hb m ~tcitc

qiacifñjcaiq }rb fm |rbf|bo aioqcqxboxb ¥moxbq hb xcb`~iµ s ~mtm

}rb qb boxcbohm fm acboacm tbmf`boxb kms }rb `iqxtmt fm colfrboacm

hb fm ~ifàxcam/ Fi }rb ~ti~iob Fmxirt bq `ihbtmt fmq m`dcaciobq hb

fm acboacm qiacmf/ M~bfmohi m fm kc~ñxbqcq hb aioxcorchmh& ~it ro fmhi&

kms }rb hiar`boxmt s tbqif|bt fmq aioxti|btqcmq qidtb fi qiacmf& ~it

ixti& kms }rb tbqif|bt fm arbqxcño ~ifàxcam/ Bq hclàacf mxbohbt m`dmq

arbqxciobq m fm |bw qco aiolrohct rom xmtbm aio ixtm +Fmxirt& 4>>;#/

Bo tbfmacño m fi qiacmf& bf qiacñfiji hbdb ~tbjroxmtqb ~bt`moboxb-`boxb qidtb fiq aifbaxc|iq/ Oroam hbdb ~tbqr~iobtfiq ~it fm tmwño

}rb qbm/ Bf qiacñfiji hbdb bqam~mt m fm chbm }rb fm tbaifbaacño qb km

xbt`comhi/ Hbdb |btclcamt fm b{cqxboacm hbf aifbaxc|i s qbjrctfi bo qr

~tiabqi hb lit`macño/ Qñfi mqà& ~ihtí |btclcamt qr maxrmfchmh& bq hb-

act& qr b{cqxboacm b colfrboacm tbmf& oi ~tb-aihclcamhm/ Bf mrxit coxbo-

xm |if|bt `íq maí hb fm afíqcam ~tbjroxm qiacifñjcam7 ¥¹~ihb`iq |c-

 |ct groxiq9µ& c`~iocbohi rom ~tbjroxm `íq `ihbqxm7 ¥¹aríoxiq

qi`iq9µ +Fmxirt& 4>>;#/ Bf tmwiom`cboxi co|btqi ~mtm fm tbfmacño

acboacm s ~ifàxcam/ Kms }rb roct fm acboacm m fm ~ifàxcam ~mtm }rb oi qb¥|bm hidfbµ/ Rom hb fmq jtmohbq hc|cqciobq `ihbtomq lrb fm qb~mtm-

acño boxtb acboacm s ~ifàxcam +Fmxirt& =33=m#/ Mqà fm acboacm qb boamt-

jmdm hb fiq qmdbtbq ~rtiq +~tcoac~mf`boxb iar~mhm hb hbqardtct fmq

fbsbq omxrtmfbq#& ̀ cboxtmq }rb fm ~ifàxcam qb kmtàm amtji hb rom xmtbm

c`~rtm7 fmq tbfmaciobq boxtb fiq kr`moiq s fm aioqxtraacño hb ro

ithbo hb aio|c|boacm/ Bqxm qb~mtmacño ~ti~bhãrxcam maboxrñ rom

hcqxcoacño lit`mf }rb oi btm xmf bo fm tbmfchmh/ Fmxirt +=332# mlct`m

}rb oi b{cqxb hcqxcoacño boxtb rom acboacm hbqcoxbtbqmhm s rom ma-

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=:8 Bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai bo fm /// ) Jmdtcbf Omthmaakciob

acño ~ifàxcam ai`~ti`bxchm& ~it bf aioxtmtci kms colfrboacm ~ifàxcam

bo fm xmtbm hbf acboxàlcai& hbqhb fm `cq`m tbaifbaacño hb fiq hmxiq/

Qbj÷o bf mrxit& ¥|bthmhbtiµ oi qcjoclcam omhm& fm mh}rcqcacño hb fm

lrbtwm |cbob hbqhb bf fmditmxitci/ Fmq acboacmq oi qio ltàmq& idgbxc-

 |mq& mdrttchmq s tcjrtiqmq& qcoi hbqithbomhmq& |cifboxmq& coxbtbqm-

hmq& qmf|mgbq s `àxcamq +Fmxirt& 4>>=d#/ Bqxi fi hb`rbqxtm& ~mqi m

~mqi& bo fm c`~iqcacño ~ifàxcai s qiacmf hb fiq hbqardtc c̀boxiq acbo-

xàlcaiq hb ̂ mqxbrt }rb tb|ifraciomtio bf ithbo hb fm qiacbhmh hb ̀ mqmq

+Fmxirt& 4>>=m#/

Difxmoqec& hbqhb fm aiolit`macño hb rom qiacifijàm ~ifàxcam s `itmf&

~ti~iob hiq xc~iq hb aioxcorchmh7 m# ai`~bxboacm aijocxc|m-ai`-

~bxboacm `itmf ithcomtcm s d# qmdbtbq jfidmfbq i mdqxtmaxiq s qmdbtbq

fiamfbq i coqatc~xiq/ Bo tbfmacño m fm ~tc`btm aioxcorchmh& bf mrxit

+4>>4# ~fmoxbm }rb ~mtm fm grqxclcamacño hb ro ithbo& fiq mtjr`bo-

xiq }rb ~ihtàmo ffm`mtqb xãaocaiq oi qio mrxñoi`iq& qcoi }rb hb- dbo mtxcarfmtqb bo mtjr`boxiq hb dcbo ai`÷o }rb xbojmo moafmgb bo

fmq b{~btcboacmq ithcomtcmq hb fiq qbtbq/ Mqà& bf hboi`comhi orb|i

bq~àtcxr hbf am~cxmfcq`i oi bq qñfi rom qbtcb hb mtjr`boxiq ~btqrm-

qc|iq hb fm acboacm baioñ`cam& qcoi lrohm`boxmf`boxb ro b{~btcbo-

acm ̀ itmf hb fm |chm aixchcmom/ Fi ̀ cq`i iarttb aio bf mgrqxb m hc|bt-

qmq qcxrmaciobq i tbjà`bobq hb maacño +Difxmoqec& =33>m#/ Fm am~mac-

hmh hb fiq maxitbq ~mtm maxrmt ¥oit`mf`boxbµ c`~fcam ro aiogroxi

hb qmdbtbq }rb oi qio qifm`boxb aijocxc|iq& qcoi fcjmhiq m ro grcaci

~tíaxcai hb fm qcxrmacño/ ^it bffi& ~mtm mgrqxmtqb m hcakmq qcxrmaciobqqb hbdbo mtxcarfmt ai`~bxboacmq aijocxc|mq s ~ifàxcai-~tíaxcamq

+Akmxbmrtmsomrh& =333#/ ^it ixtm ~mtxb& ltboxb m fiq `cq`iq `mtaiq

hb qcxrmacño tbacão ~fmoxbmhiq& fiq maxitbq hbdbo hbqmttiffmt qmdbtbq

jbobtmfbq s qmdbtbq fiamfbq/ Bo xãt`coiq ~tmj`íxcaiq& hbdbo hbqm-

ttiffmt am~machmhbq ~mtm ~tidmt atcxbtciq jbobtmfbq s am~machmhbq ~mtm

~tidmt qcxrmaciobq coqatc~xmq/ Fm aioxcorchmh chbmfcq`i-tbmfcq`i&

hm arboxm hb maxitbq }rb ~rbhbo bomtdifmt xmoxi mtjr`boxiq hb grq-

xcacm i hb tmaciomfchmh roc|btqmfbq& ai`i hmt arboxm hb qcxrmaciobq

aioatbxmq hiohb acbtxiq hcq~iqcxc|iq fiamfbq bqxío qcbohihcqxitqciomhiq +Difxmoqec , Xkã|boix& =33=#/ Fm aikbtboacm hb fm

~trbdm qb dmqm bo mtxcarfmt m`diq b{xtb`iq& bq hbact& }rb fiq ~tcoac-

~ciq hboroacmhiq xbojmo aittbfmacño aio fiq hcq~iqcxc|iq

hcqxitqciomhiq/

Bo qàoxbqcq& fm qiacifijàm ~tmj`íxcam ~ti~iob rom aioxcorchmh boxtb

bf qmdbt acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai/ Bo ro amqi& qb tbmfwmo hc|btqmq

`ihmfchmhbq hb mjtr~m`cboxi aifbaxc|i i hb mfcmowmq ~ifàxcamq& s bo

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=:2m~roxbq HB CO\BQXCJMACÑO HBF ABAS^ ) Fbaxrtmq bo hbdmxb7CQQO >143-4=84 Mýi [C\& O· =3bobti - groci 4>==& ~~/ =:=-=;4/

bf ixti& qb hbqxmam xmoxi bf moafmgb ithcomtci hb fmq b{~btcboacmq ̀ i-

tmfbq ai`i qr coqatc~acño qcxrmhm i fiamf/ ̂ bti bo m`diq& mqcqxc`iq

m rom hbqgbtmt}rcwmacño hb fm acboacm ai`i í`dcxi hb aioiac`cboxi

mrxñoi`i/

Qc`bxtàmq

Bf aioab~xi hb qc`bxtàm& mf `mtjbo hb qr mfamoab ~ifàxcai&moxti~ifñjcai s)i qiacifñjcai& hboxti hb fm qiacifijàm ~tmj`íxcam&

bq lrohm`boxmf`boxb ro m ~tcitc `bxihifñjcai/ Díqcam`boxb tbq-

xtcojb fm mrxioi`àm hbf idqbt|mhit qidtb qr idgbxi hb bqxrhci/ Bf

~tcoac~ci hb ¥qbjrct m fiq maxitbqµ +Amffio& =3;<#& hb oi ~tbac~cxmt

tmwiom`cboxiq i amrqmfchmhbq }rb b{~fcamtàmo ro aiogroxi i qbtcb

hb maaciobq& qb ~tilrohcwm aio fm oiacño hb qc`bxtàm/ Oi qb hbdb

 gbtmt}rcwmt omhm bo bf moífcqcq hb ro ~tiabqi& oc ro b|boxi oc ro

aiogroxi hb maxitbq& kms }rb idqbt|mt fi }rb mffà qb bqxí ~tihracbo-

hi/ Oi kms }rb ~tbqr~iobt |bthmhbq hb `mcoqxtbm`& oc hcqartqiqqr~rbqxm`boxb `mtjcomfbq/ Fm aioqxtraacño hbf b|boxi i hbf aifba-

xc|i qb orxtb hb rom colcochmh hb maxitbq& hcqartqiq b coxbt|boaciobq

}rb kms }rb ~bt`moboxb`boxb maxrmfcwmt +Fmxirt& 4>>;#/ Ai`i mo-

xbabhboxb hb bqxb b}rà|iai b~cqxb`ifñjcai& Fmxirt +=33=m# ~fmoxbm

}rb fm ̀ ihbtochmh bfmditñ hiq jtmohbq hc|cqciobq mtxclcacmfbq7 m# co-

xbtom s d# b{xbtom/ Fm ~tc`btm qb~mtñ fm omxrtmfbwm hb fm qiacbhmh&

}rbhmohi& hb ro fmhi& fbsbq coaio`i|cdfbq s& hbf ixti& bf am`dci s fm

maacño/ Qr tã~fcam bq fm i~iqcacño kr`moiq-oi kr`moiq& fm armf hcq-

xcojrb fm maacño tblfb{c|m hbf jidcbtoi ̀ rhi hb acbtxmq fbsbq hbf roc- |btqi/ Bqxm qb~mtmacño hci frjmt m rom hc|cqcño hbf xtmdmgi7 bf ki`-

 dtb hbqmttiffmohi qr aioiac`cboxi tmaciomf qidtb fm omxrtmfbwm/ ^it

qr ~mtxb& fm qbjrohm hc|cqcño hcqxcojrb fmq acboacmq lit`mfbq hb fmq

bxoi-acboacmq i qmdbtbq c`~rtiq& atcqxmfcwmohi mqà fm b{~itxmacño hb

ro `ihbfi hb acboacm s gbtmt}rcwíohifi ~it qidtb ixtmq `ihmfchm-

hbq/ Bqxm qbjrohm hc|cqcño aioqr`m fm qb~mtmacño hb ro ¥oiqixtiqµ

 s ro ¥bffiqµ ~fmobxmtci& ~bti }rb oi bq qcoi bf ltrxi hb fm ~tc`btm

hc|cqcño/ Bo ixtmq ~mfmdtmq& fm hc|cqcño b{xbtom qñfi qb b{~fcam ~it s m

~mtxct hb fm hc|cqcño coxbtom/ M`dmq qio aioqxtraaciobq mtxclcacmfbq}rb ~bt`cxcbtio ¥~rtclcamtµ ro am`~i s ~tisbaxmt ro `ihbfi hb

hbqmttiffi s hb b{~moqcño m jtmo bqamfm/ M ~mtxct hb bqxmq hc|cqciobq&

qrtjctío hiq |btqciobq hbf ~tcoac~ci hb qc`bxtàm7 c# tbqxtcojchm s cc#

jbobtmfcwmhm/

Qbj÷o Fmxirt +=33=m#& bf ~tcoac~ci hb qc`bxtàm bq bf bqxrhci hb fmq

amrqmq hb fiq |boabhitbq s hb fiq |boachiq& hbf ã{cxi s hbf ltmamqi/

Hmhi }rb fm omxrtmfbwm oi b{~fcam oc fi lmfqi oc fi |bthmhbti& bq fm

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=:< Bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai bo fm /// ) Jmdtcbf Omthmaakciob

qiacbhmh }rcbo hbdb b{~fcamtfi/ Bqxi bq fi }rb xcbob }rb hb|bfmt fm

qiacifijàm7 hb }rã `mobtm qb b{~fcam fi lmfqi s fi |bthmhbti/ Fmxirt

+=332#& hbqhb qrq ~tc`btiq xtmdmgiq hb qiacifijàm hb fm acboacm& tbxi`ñ

~mtxb hbf ~tijtm`m lrbtxb hb H/ Dfiit +=33:#& bq~baàlcam`boxb fm

oiacño hb qc`bxtàm/ Hbqhb mffà& ~iqxrfm }rb hcaki ~tcoac~ci xcbob }rb

tbb}rcfcdtmt fiq ~roxiq hb |cqxm qidtb fi |bthmhbti s fi lmfqi/ Lrohm-

`boxmf`boxb qb xtmxm hb oi gbtmt}rcwmt m ~tcitc lrohm`boxiq

ioxifñjcaiq s b~cqxb`ifñjcaiq hb fm acboacm tmaciomfcqxm `ihbtom&

hbqamfclcamohi i co|cqcdcfcwmhi ixtmq `ihmfchmhbq/ ̂ bti bqxb ~fmoxbi

hb qc`bxtàm& Fmxirt +=33=m# fi |m m b{xbohbt m ixtmq hiq hc`boqciobq

m `borhi oi xbochmq bo arboxm ~it fm qiacifijàm7 m# kr`moiq-oi

kr`moiq& s d# qmdbtbq ~rtiq-bxoiacboacmq/ Fm ~tc`btm coxboxm b}rc-

fcdtmt fm colfrboacm hb fiq kr`moiq s hb fiq oi-kr`moiq qidtb fm

maacño qiacmf/ Xmoxi qr idtm ai`i fm hb Amffio qio ro dtb|cmtci hb

moífcqcq qidtb fm coachboacm hb fiq idgbxiq s hb fiq hcq~iqcxc|iq qidtb

fm lit`macño hb fiq b|boxiq qiacmfbq/ Fm qbjrohm coxboxm b}rcfcdtmt

fm gbtmt}ràm hb fiq aioiac`cboxiq fbjcxc`mhiq ~it fm acboacm aio m}rã-

ffiq }rb qb boarboxtmo lrbtm hb qrq ltioxbtmq/ Fiq qmdbtbq b{afrchiq

qrltbo fi }rb Fmxirt hboi`coñ ¥xtmhraacñoµ +4>>=d#/ Bqxm bq rom

lit`m hb hbact hb ixtm `mobtm& bq hbact rom c`~iqcacño hb rom

qr`mxitcm hb mfcmhiq }rb +¥~roxi ~it ~roxiµ# b{~fcamo fm tbmfchmh m

qr ̀ mobtm& b{~rfqmohi qcqxb`íxcam`boxb armf}rcbt ixti xc~i hb b{-

~fcamacño/ Qbj÷o Fmxirt +=334# oi b{cqxb ro atcxbtci hb |bthmh i lmf-

qbhmh ~it qidtb fm tbfmacño hb lrbtwmq/ Fm marqmacño hb cttmaciomfc-

hmh& oi bq `íq }rb rom ~trbdm hb fm atbmacño hb rom tbh moxmjiocq-

xm/ ̂ mtm bffi& bq obabqmtci xtmxmt qc`ãxtcam`boxb fm hcq~rxm tmaciom-

fchmh-cttmaciomfchmh/ ^it bffi& qr `bxihifijàm hb moífcqcq hb fi qi-

acmf hbdb mfc`boxmtqb hb aioxti|btqcmq s xtmxmtfmq qc`ãxtcam`boxb&

bq hbact hbq~igíohifmq hb xihi ~tbqr~rbqxi qidtb amhm roi hb fmq

coxbt|boaciobq hb qrq ~mtxcac~moxbq +4>>;#/

^it qr ~mtxb& Difxmoqec +=33>m# hboxti hbf ̀ mtai hb ¥qbjrct m fiq ma-

xitbqµ xm`dcão tbar~btm bf aioab~xi hb qc`bxtàm/ @íq ̀ ihbtmhm`bo-

xb& ~ti~iob ~tcoac~mf`boxb hiq hc`boqciobq }rb qb fcjmo m qr ~ti-~rbqxm hb qiacifijàm ~ifàxcam s ̀ itmf7 m# aittbaacño b coaittbaacño jtm-

`mxcamf s d# kr`moiq-oi kr`moiq/ Fm ~tc`btm bq fm `íq c`~itxmoxb

 s m~roxm m xtmxmt qc`ãxtcam`boxb fiq mtjr`boxiq s fmq ~trbdmq hb fiq

maxitbq/ Fm dmqb hb qr xbitàm hb fm `ioxãb bo jãoãtmfcxã qr~iob }rb fm

`msitàm hb fiq maxitbq }rb drqamo tblitwmt fm fbjcxc`chmh hb qrq ~tb-

xboqciobq m~roxmo m qbt grwjmhiq ai`i ¥oit`mfbqµ& bq hbact ar`~fct

aio acbtxiq atcxbtciq hb grqxcacm }rb qb fcjmo m fm qcxrmacño hb hcq~rxm

+=33>d#/ Bo bqb `cq`i xtmdmgi& bf mrxit xtmxm qcqxb`íxcam`boxb hb

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=::m~roxbq HB CO\BQXCJMACÑO HBF ABAS^ ) Fbaxrtmq bo hbdmxb7CQQO >143-4=84 Mýi [C\& O· =3bobti - groci 4>==& ~~/ =:=-=;4/

`mobtm qc`ãxtcam m m}rãffiq }rb qio grwjmhiq ai`i oit`mfbq s m fiq

}rb qio grwjmhiq ai`i moit`mfbq& bo ixtmq ~mfmdtmq& m m}rãffiq }rb

ar`~fbo aio fiq tb}rcqcxiq jtm`mxcamfbq }rb hblcobo fm qcxrmacño hb

maacño s m}rãffiq }rb max÷mo coaittbaxm`boxb& oi mxbocãohiqb m hc-

akiq ~tcoac~ciq/ Xi`m hiq ~ifmtchmhbq hb moífcqcq +qcojrfmt-aifbaxc|i

 s ~ti{c`chmh-mfxbtchmh# s bo amhm amqi idqbt|m añ`i qio grwjmhmq fmq

hboroacmq hb fiq maxitbq/ Bo mfjroiq amqiq qbtío tbaioiachmq ai`i

fbjàxc`mq +oit`mfbq# s bo ixtmq ambtío bo ro aioi hb qiq~bakm i hb

b{ab~aciomfchmh +moit`mfbq#/ Bf ̀ ihbfi hb aioqxtraacño hb mllmctbq&

}rb xmo ltraxàlbti tbqrfxñ ~mtm bf moífcqcq hb amqiq hb ̀ mxbtcm ~ifàxcam&

qbjràm cobfraxmdfb`boxb bqxm hbtc|m/ Fm qbjrohm hc`boqcño m~roxm m

rom qc`bxtàm boxtb fmq ~btqiomq s fmq aiqmq +Difxmoqec , Xkã|boix&

=33=#/ M}rà |mfb fm ~bom hbxbobtqb s xtmxmt bo hbxmffb bf ~fmoxbi ~mtm

 grwjmt qr mfamoab/ ̂ it ro fmhi& drbom ~mtxb hb fm oi|bhmh hb qr mtjr-

`boxi ~mtm bf moífcqcq hb fmq hcq~rxmq mtjr`boxmxc|mq tbqchb bo qr

moafmgb tbmf s)i qcxrmaciomf/ M hclbtboacm hbf ~fmoxbi kmdbt`mqcmoi&

aboxtmhi bo rom momfàxcam hbf fbojrmgb& Difxmoqec +=33=# lrqciom fm tb-

xñtcam mtjr`boxmxc|m +fcjmhm m ~tcoac~ciq hb grqxcacm ~frtmfbq# m rom

coqatc~acño bo bf `rohi tbmf/ Xihm |bw }rb mfjrcbo mtjr`boxm& hbdb

bqxmt hmohi ~trbdmq hb tbmfchmh hb fi }rb hcab& bq hbact m~bfmohi m

hcq~iqcxc|iq +xíacxiq i b{~fàacxiq# }rb ithbomo fm qcxrmacño/ Amhm qc-

xrmacño bqxí qcb`~tb hblcochm ~it rom `rfxcxrh hb idgbxiq ~rbqxiq bo

qbtcb +ithbomhiq qcqxb`íxcam`boxb# }rb fm |rbf|bo coxbfcjcdfb/ Bo aio-

qbarboacm& bq obabqmtci xbobt bo arboxm hb `mobtm qc`ãxtcam fm co-

lfrboacm hb fiq maxitbq s hb fmq aiqmq/ ̂ rbq& mqà ai`i fmq ~btqiomq qio

qbtbq `bxmlàqcaiq }rb ~rbhbo mtjr`boxmt qbj÷o ~tcoac~ciq chbmfbq&

fmq aiqmq xcbobo ro m~bji m fm qcxrmacño }rb fb ixitjm qr moafmgb& |if-

 |cãohiqb ~trbdm hb tbmfchmh hb xihm hcq~rxm mtjr`boxmxc|m mdqxtma-

xm/ ^bti ~it ixti fmhi& Difxmoqec +=33>m# bq tbmaci iltbabtfb mrxioi-

`àm m hcakmq ¥aiqmqµ/ Fm qc`bxtàm m fm }rb kcac`iq tblbtboacm oi fb

hcq~rxm fm mrxioi`àm hb maacño m fmq ~btqiomq/ M÷o msrhmhiq ~it hcq-

~iqcxc|iq ¥hbqmgrqxmhiqµ& qio fiq aifbaxc|iq kr`moiq fiq }rb b`~tbo-

hbo fm atàxcam s tbmfcwmo fm hclàacf xmtbm hb fm ~trbdm/ ̂ it ÷fxc`i& ai`i

hblcob Hihcbt +=331#& hcakmq aiqmq ~rbhbo qbt hcq~iqcxc|iq& hcq~iqc-

aciobq tbjfm`boxmtcmq s kmqxm coafrqi idgbxiq ~rbqxiq bo bf `rohi

 dmgi acbtxm aiolcjrtmacño/ ̂ bti bo ocoj÷o amqi qb xtmxm hb idgbxiq }rb

qb boarboxtmo mffà bo bf `rohi mf `mtjbo hb fiq kr`moiq/ Bq hboxti

hb ro aioxb{xi hblcochi ~it fiq kr`moiq }rb fmq aiqmq aidtmo qboxc-

hi/ Bo ixtiq xãt`coiq& fmq aiqmq qio mtxclcaciq kr`moiq hboxti hb fi

oi-kr`moi& oroam idgbxiq }rb aidtmo mjboacm ~mtm coxbt|boct

mrxñoi`m`boxb qidtb bf ̀ rohi kr`moi/

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=:; Bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai bo fm /// ) Jmdtcbf Omthmaakciob

^mtm aioafrct& qb ~rbhb |bt afmtm`boxb }rb ̀ cboxtmq Fmxirt ~ti`rb-

 |b rom qc`bxtàm tmhcamf i jbobtmfcwmhm& Difxmoqec ~ti~iob rom qc`b-

xtàm tbqxtcojchm +Omakc& 4>><#/ @cboxtmq bf ~tc`bti b{xcbohb bf xtm-

xm`cboxi qc`ãxtcai m fiq oi-kr`moiq s m fmq bxoiacboacmq i m fiq

qmdbtbq c`~rtiq& bf qbjrohi ~ti~iob rom |btqcño jtm`íxcai-`itmf

hbf xtmxm`cboxi qc`ãxtcai qidtb fm |bthmh-lmfqbhmh hb fmq mtjr`bo-

xmaciobq ~÷dfcamq/ Oi idqxmoxb& bo m`diq amqiq& bf m ~tcitc

`bxihifñjcai bo lm|it hb fm qc`bxtàm qr~iob rom mtxcarfmacño boxtb

bf qmdbt acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai/ Ai`i ~tijtm`m hb bqxrhci&

qrq ltioxbtmq qb b{xcbohbo `íq mffí hb fm colfrboacm hb fm qrdgbxc|c-

hmh& `iqxtmohi mfjromq hb qrq moxcoi`cmq s qrq abjrbtmq/ Fm `bo-

aciomhm ~tbjroxm qidtb7 ¥¹aríoxiq qi`iq9µ& `rbqxtm }rb kms ro

bq~maci m÷o comdithmhi ~it fm acboacmq qiacmfbq bo tbfmacño m fm co-

lfrboacm hb fiq idgbxiq/ S }rb fm aifiocwmacño kr`mom hb fm omxrtmfb-

wm +m÷o bo xihmq qrq |btqciobq qrdgbxc|cqxmq# bq coqrlcacboxb ~mtm ai`-

~tbohbt acbtxiq maioxbac`cboxiq qiacmfbq/

Fmq ~trbdmqBf aioab~xi hb atàxcam bq hc|cqitcm hb mjrmq hrtmoxb fm tboi|macño hb

fm qiacifijàm ltmoabqm hb fiq mýiq iakboxm/ Bo ro mtxàarfi m`~fcm-

`boxb acxmhi& Dãomxircf +=333# hblcocñ fm i~iqcacño boxtb fm ¥qiaci-

fijàm atàxcamµ s fm ¥qiacifijàm hb fm atàxcamµ/ @íq mffí hb fmq hcq~rxmq

boxtb fm qiacifijàm kbtbhbtm hb ̂ cbttb Dirthcbr s fm qiacifijàm ~tmj-

`íxcam& oiq coxbtbqm hbqxmamt ro mq~baxi hb bqxm ÷fxc`m7 fm tbfmacño

boxtb bf idqbt|mhit s bf idgbxi hb bqxrhci/ ^mtm bf orb|i boli}rb~tmj`íxcai& fm atàxcam hbgm hb bqxmt lrohm`boxmf`boxb bo bf idqbt-

 |mhit s qb xtmqfmhm fiq maxmoxbq/= Bo ixtmq ~mfmdtmq& fm ai`~bxboacm

~mtm bfmditmt rom atàxcam sm oi bq ~mtxb hbf ~roxi hb |cqxm hbf idqbt-

 |mhit qcoi hb ro mthri xtmdmgi hbf maxmoxb/ Fm qiacifijàm ~tmj`íxc-

am oi hbqaioiab fmq hclcarfxmhbq oc coafrqi acbtxmq abjrbtmq hb fiq

maxmoxbq ~mtm hbqmttiffmt rom atàxcam& qcoi }rb ~iob bf liai momfàxcai

qidtb fm ai`~bxboacmq }rb ãqxiq hbqmttiffmo hrtmoxb bf ~tiabqi hb

bfmditmacño hb hcakm atàxcam/

^mtm boxbohbt fm atàxcam& bo xãt`coiq ~tmj`íxcaiq& kmab lmfxm coxti-

hract bf aioab~xi hb ~trbdm/ ^ihtàm hbactqb }rb fm ~trbdm ar`~fb fm

lroacño hb fm maacño bo fm qiacifijàm afíqcam& hbqhb bf jcti

ai`~tboqc|cqxm/ Qb hbq~fmwm fm c`~itxmoacm hbf amfarfi bqxtmxãjcai i

fm tblbtboacm oit`mxc|m +m`diq tblbtchiq m rom coxboacño hbf mjbo-

xb#& ~mtm ~tcitcwmt bf mgrqxb m fm qcxrmacño +bo xmoxi mhm~xmacño m acbt-

xmq aiohcaciobq hb fm maacño#/ Hb mfjrom lit`m& fm ~trbdm bq fm ̀ rbq-

xtm hb ro maxi }rb ~rbhb bqxmt +i oi# mgrqxmhi m fm b{cjboacm hb rom

= Fm oiacño hb maxmoxb bq ixti hb fiq aio-

ab~xiq }rb coxtihrab fm qiacifijàm ~tmj-

`íxcam mro}rb kmsm qchi xi`mhm hb fm qb-

`íoxcam hb Jtbc`mq/ Bo orbqxti amqi&

  díqcam`boxb tbb`~fmwm m fm oiacño hb

maxit s tblfbgm ~it fi `boiq hiq xc~iq hb

cooi|macño/ ^it ro fmhi& bf maxmoxb qb co-

xbjtm m rom xtm`m omttmxc|m hboxti hb fm

armf aidtm qboxchi qr maacño/ S ~it ixti&

hbdmgi hb hcakm oiacño ~rbhbo coqatcdct-

qb rom jtmo amoxchmh hb boxchmhbq+Fmxirt& =338#/ Ro maxmoxb ~rbhb qbt rom

~btqiom& ro aifbaxc|i& rom itjmocwmacño&

ro idgbxi& ro tbfmxi& bxa/ Bo armf}rcbt

amqi& bqxiq rqiq qb mfbgmo hb fm afíqcam

amtomhrtm qrdgbxc|m +kbtbhbtm hb rom lc-

fiqilàm hb fm aioacboacm# m xtm|ãq hb fm armf

km qchi rqmhm fm oiacño hb maxit/

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=:3m~roxbq HB CO\BQXCJMACÑO HBF ABAS^ ) Fbaxrtmq bo hbdmxb7CQQO >143-4=84 Mýi [C\& O· =3bobti - groci 4>==& ~~/ =:=-=;4/

qcxrmacño/ Mqà& qb ~mqm hb rom qiacifijàm hbf ~mqmhi s hbf lrxrti +xtm-

 sbaxitcmq i ~fmobq# m rom qiacifijàm hbf ~tbqboxb& i hb fmq aiohcaci-

obq bo fmq }rb fiq maxitbq hbqmttiffmo qrq ~trbdmq/ Mffà boxtm bo grb-

ji ro lmaxit afm|b7 fm cohbxbt`comacño/ Oi bq ~iqcdfb jmtmoxcwmt bf

aioiac`cboxi hbf `rohi ~it}rb xihi bf xcb`~i qb bqxío `ihclcamo-

hi fmq ~btq~baxc|mq qidtb bf `cq`i/ Rom |bw `íq& bqxi oi xcbob }rb

 |bt aio fiq ~roxiq hb |cqxm hbf idqbt|mhit& qcoi aio fmq ~ixboacmfbq

coxbt|boaciobq ~tíaxcai-coxbt~tbxmxc|mq hb fiq maxmoxbq/ Oi bq amqrmf

}rb bf aioab~xi hb ~trbdm qb hblcom hb `mobtm tb|btqcdfb& bq hbact

}rb ~rbhm co|btxctqb hrtmoxb bf ̀ cq`i ~tiabqi/ Bo xãt`coiq kcqxñ-

tcaiq& fm ~trbdm ~rbhb qbt hb fcxcjci i hb ithbo +Difxmoqec , Xkã|boix&

=33=#& bq hbact ~rbhb qbt rom atàxcam aioxtm bf ithbo bqxmxrchi i ~rb-

hb qbt fm tbqcqxboacm hb acbtxi ithbo/ Mf `cq`i xcb`~i& bo xãt`coiq

qrqxmoxc|iq& fm ~trbdm ~rbhb qbt fbjàxc`m i hb lrbtwm +Difxmoqec ,

Akcm~~bffi& 4>>4#& bq hbact ~rbhb kmabt tblbtboacm m ~tcoac~ciq hb

 grqxcacm ai`robq i ~rbhb boltboxmt hctbaxm`boxb fmq am~machmhbq

~mtm `bhctqb hb hiq i `íq jtr~iq/ Oi idqxmoxb& s ai`i ~roxi hb

moafmgb momfàxcai& fm ~trbdm bq fm }rb tbhrab hcakm coabtxchr`dtb hbf

`rohi& ~rbq bq fm }rb drqam fm aikbtboacm i fm }rb ~bt`cxb afmtclcamt

fmq qcxrmaciobq +Akmxbmrtmsomrh& =33=#/ Fm ~trbdm bq fm }rb atàxcam

ro ithbo hbqmgrqxmhi +xmoxi oit`mxc|m`boxb ai`i qidtb qr lro-

aciom`cboxi# i fm }rb fi bqxmdcfcwm m xtm|ãq hb tblitwmt acbtxiq hcq~i-

qcxc|iq/ Fmxirt +4>>;# rxcfcwm fm i~iqcacño boxtb qiacifijàmq ~tb-

tbfmxc|cqxmq s qiacifijàmq tbfmxc|cqxmq ~mtm ̀ iqxtmt fmq hclbtboacmq boxtb

m}rãffmq }rb ~iobo bf liai bo bf bqxrhci hb fm tbjrfmtchmhbq s m}rã-

ffmq }rb xcbobo ai`i ~roxi hb ~mtxchm fm coabtxchr`dtb/4

Bo xãt`coiq ̀ bxihifñjcaiq& bf ~tijtm`m hb fm qiacifijàm ~tmj`íxc-

am co|cbtxb fm ai`~fbgchmh hb fm xmtbm/ Bf co|bqxcjmhit hbdb xbobt rom

xmtbm ̀ ihbqxm +Fmxirt& 4>>=m#/ ̂ it ~tcoac~ci& hcakm qiacifijàm mlct-

`m }rb fiq co|bqxcjmhitbq hbdbo qbt drboiq tbfmxc|cqxmq& bo bf qboxc-

hi hb oi ~tbac~cxmt amrqmq roc|btqmfbq ~mtm bqxrhciq fiamfbq& oc xm`-

~iai ~tbqr~iobt boqm`dfmhiq +i aifbaxc|iq# ̀ íq mffí hb `moclbqxm-

aciobq bq~itíhcamq +Fmxirt& 4>>;#/ Hcaki bo xãt`coiq hb Amffio+=3;<#& ¥kms }rb qbjrct m fiq maxitbqµ& qco ~tbqr~rbqxiq }rb fiq amfc-

lc}rbo bo ocoj÷o qboxchi& xmoxi bo qr chboxchmh ai`i bo fm |btmac-

hmh hb qrq mlct`maciobq/ ^it qr ~mtxb& Difxmoqec +=33>m#& m~fcam bf

`cq`i ~tcoac~ci& xi`íohiqb bo qbtci fiq mtjr`boxiq aio }rb fiq

maxmoxbq hcq~rxmo bo bf bq~maci ~÷dfcai/ Ltboxb m fmq ¥xbitàmq hb fm

qiq~bakmµ }rb xcbohbo m rdcamt m ~tcitc fiq mtjr`boxiq ai`i ̀ íq-

amtmq hb coxbtbqbq boardcbtxiq +Omakc& 4>><#& fm qiacifijàm ~tmj`í-

xcam kmab kcoam~cã bo fm |mfchbw s blcamacm hb hcakm `ioxmgb

4 Qbj÷o Fmxirt +4>>;# b{cqxbo acoai lrbo-

xbq hb coabtxchr`dtb bo fmq acboacmq qi-

acmfbq7 m# fm omxrtmfbwm hb fiq jtr~iq7 qrq

chboxchmhbq aioxtmhcaxitcmq5 d# fm omxr-

tmfbwm hb fmq maaciobq7 mjboxbq hc|btqiq s 

hbq~fmwm`cboxi hb qrq idgbxc|iq itcjcom-

fbq5 a# fm omxrtmfbwm hb fiq idgbxiq7 lmfxm

hb fà`cxb boxtb hclbtboxbq mjboacmq }rb

~mtxcac~mo hb fm coxbtmaacño5 h# fm omxr-

tmfbwm hb fiq kbakiq7 tbfmacño hclàacf bo-

xtb omxrtmfbwm s qiacbhmh5 s b# fiq xc~iq

hb bqxrhciq7 oi obabqmtcm`boxb b`~àtc-

aiq/

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=;> Bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai bo fm /// ) Jmdtcbf Omthmaakciob

mtjr`boxmxc|i/ Bo bqm fàobm& fm xmtbm hbf maxmoxb bq hclàacf s bq~ití-

hcam +Difxmoqec& =33>d#/ Qr ai`~fbgchmh hbdb qbt tbaioqxtrchm ~it

bf co|bqxcjmhit qco ~tbgrcaciq& ~rbq bf ̀ ioxmgb hb fm ~trbdm ~mtm boro-

acmt fm atàxcam bq fm ~cbhtm hb xi}rb hb fmq xtmoqlit`maciobq hb fmq

aiq`i|cqciobq hb `rohi/

  Mqr`cbohi bqxb aiogroxi hb ~tbqr~rbqxiq ai`robq& hboxti hb fmqiacifijàm ~tmj`íxcam b{cqxbo hclbtboacmq boxtb qrq ~mhtbq lrohmhi-

tbq/ Qbj÷o Fmxirt +4>>=d#& fiq maxmoxbq& bo ~tc`btm coqxmoacm& drq-

amo mfcmhiq }rb tblrbtabo qr ~iqcacño/ Fm ~tihraacño hb boqm`dfm-

hiq i bf coatb`boxi hb mfcmhiq xcbohb m coatb`boxmt fmq am~machmhbq

+hb lrbtwm# hb fiq maxmoxbq/ Bqxi m qr |bw tblrbtwm qr am~machmh ~mtm

xtmhract i ~mtm fijtmt mhkbqcño hcqartqc|m& bq hbact ~mtm kmdfmt bo

oi`dtb hb ixtiq i ~mtm kmabt kmdfmt m ixtiq bo oi`dtb hb roi

+Fmxirt& 4>>=d#/ Bo qàoxbqcq& fm ~trbdm bq rom c`~iqcacño hb roiq

qidtb ixtiq& hiohb fm lrbtwm hb fm mhkbqcño aioqxtrsb tbxñtcamq i xtm-hraaciobq }rb tblrbtwmo qr am~machmh ~mtm kmdfmt s morfmo fmq am-

~machmhbq hb ixtiq/ M hclbtboacm hb bqxm ~btq~baxc|m moxmjñocam&

Difxmoqec , Xkã|boix +=33=# qrjcbtbo }rb fiq maxmoxbq xcbohbo m

itcboxmtqb mf marbthi/ M÷o tbaioiacbohi fm ~tbb`coboacm fñjcam hb

fm ~trbdm hb lrbtwm +Difxmoqec , Akcm~bffi& 4>>4#& hiohb fiq maxmoxbq

hbdbo hbqmttiffmt am~machmhbq ~mtm `bhctqb aio ixtiq hb `mobtm

ltioxmf& kms ro qcolào hb qcxrmaciobq }rb bqxío fi qrlcacboxb`boxb

b}rc~mhmq ai`i ~mtm }rb fiq maxmoxbq qb itcboxbo mf marbthi/ Hbqhb

~tcoac~ciq hb grqxcacm mdqxtmaxiq kmqxm atcxbtciq hb tbjrfmacño grtàhc-am& fiq maxmoxbq rqmo bqmq tblbtboacmq ai`i `mtaiq hb coxbtmaacño

`bhcmhm +Difxmoqec& =33>d#/ Bo qàoxbqcq& Difxmoqec +=33>m# |m m ~ti-

~iobt ro b}rcfcdtci ¥qcxrmaciomfµ boxtb coqxmoacmq hiohb oi b{cqxbo

tbfmaciobq hb b}rc|mfboacm& ~it bohb hiohb qb c`~iobo fmq ~trbdmq

hb lrbtwm& b coqxmoacmq hiohb ~tbhi`como fmq tbfmaciobq hb b}rc|m-

fboacm& btji hiohb fiq maxmoxbq ~rbhbo ai`~iobt ~trbdmq fbjàxc`mq

}rb xcbohbo m grqxclcamt qr ~tbxboqcño/

 \if|cbohi mf aitmwño hbf mtjr`boxi& s `íq mffí hbf maboxi qidtb fmq~trbdmq hb lrbtwm i fmq ~trbdmq fbjàxc`mq& m`diq mrxitbq ~iobo bf

liai hb moífcqcq qidtb fmq ~trbdmq hb fiq maxmoxbq bo qcxrmacño/ Bo

bqb ̀ mtai& qb hm ~tbb`coboacm m fmq ai`~bxboacmq ~tíaxcamq +hb grc-

aci qidtb fm qcxrmacño# hb fiq maxmoxbq ~it qidtb fmq ai`~bxboacmq

aijocxc|mq hbf idqbt|mhit/ M qr |bw& tbqrfxm `íq tb|bfmhit momfcwmt

fm am~machmh hb fiq maxmoxbq ~mtm mhm~xmtqb m fm qcxrmacño }rb coxbt-

~tbxmt mabtam hb fmq am~machmhbq cokbtboxbq mf mjboxb +~tb|cmq i mh-

}rctchmq# }rb ~ixboacmf`boxb ~rbhbo hbqmttiffmtqb hboxti hb acbtxi

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=;=m~roxbq HB CO\BQXCJMACÑO HBF ABAS^ ) Fbaxrtmq bo hbdmxb7CQQO >143-4=84 Mýi [C\& O· =3bobti - groci 4>==& ~~/ =:=-=;4/

~fmo hb maacño/ Bo xãt`coiq hb Fmxirt +4>>=d# bf idqbt|mhit hbdb

momfcwmt añ`i fiq maxmoxbq qmdbo kmdcxrmtqb ¥amhm |bwµ hrtmoxb fm

maacño s aríf bq bf ~tihraxi hb bffi/ M qr `mobtm& Difxmoqec +=33>m#

~fmoxbm }rb `íq }rb ~iqbbt tbartqiq i am~machmhbq kms }rb qmdbt

boxtbjmtqb m fm qcxrmacño& maxrmt aio omxrtmfchmh& i fi }rb bq fi ̀ cq-

`i& ai`~tbohbt aríf bq bf atcxbtci hb oit`mfchmh }rb |rbf|b aittba-

xm fm maacño/

AioafrqcñoBqxb xtmdmgi xboàm ai`i idgbxc|i `iqxtmt añ`i fm qiacifijàm ~tmj-

`íxcam xcbohb m drqamt ~rboxbq boxtb bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s fiq

qmdbtbq ~tíaxcaiq/ B}rcfcdtmohi hcakm tbfmacño& qb coxboxñ tbq~io-

hbt7 ¹aríf hbdb qbt fm hcqxmoacm ~mtm }rb oi qb aioxm`cobo9& ¹arío-

hi ~rbhb qrltct colfrboacm roi qidtb bf ixti9& ¹hb }rã `mobtm ~rb-

hbo aioxm`comtqb ̀ rxrm`boxb9& boxtb ixtiq coxbttijmoxbq/ Qcoxbxc-

wmohi& qb ~ihtàmo hbqxmamt hiq b{~tbqciobq }rb xc~clcamo fm maxcxrh~tbhi`comoxb bo amhm rom hb fmq hc`boqciobq/ Bo bf mgrqxb aio qr

idgbxi hb bqxrhci& bf acboxàlcai hbdbtàm boaioxtmt ro ~roxi coxbt`b-

hci boxtb bf tb~iqi hb fm idqbt|macño s ro ai`~ti`cqi aio bf m`-

 dcboxb }rb fi tihbm/ Fi `cq`i qrabhb ~mtm bf mgrqxb hb fm maacño m fm

qcxrmacño& bf maxit hbdbtàm maxrmt aio omxrtmfchmh& xbocbohi am~mac-

hmh ~mtm coxbt|boct bo `rohi ~bti hb rom `mobtm fídcf& hmohi fr-

jmt m fm colit`macño }rb fm qcxrmacño ~ti|bb/

 M`diq qmdbtbq ~ihtàmo xbobt am~machmhbq ~mtm tbq~iohbt m ro hbfc-

amhi b}rcfcdtci boxtb fm maxc|chmh s fm ~mqc|chmh/ Xbobt rom `ctmhm

tb~iqmhm qco hbqc`~fcamtqb hbf aioxb{xi hb moífcqcq s maxrmt qco hb-

 gmt hb fmhi fm omxrtmfchmh }rb oiq iltbab fm qcxrmacño/ ^mtm fijtmt bqb

mgrqxb ~mtbabtàm ̀ bgit& bo ̀ rakiq amqiq& oi-kmabt }rb kmabt-hb-`íq/

]rcwíq qbm kitm hb hbgmtqb ffb|mt ~it rom co}rcbxrh qiacifñjcam qi-

 dtb fi }rb ¥sm kmsµ& qco hbqarchmt rom ãxcam hb fm ~ti`iacño hb fi

¥}rcbtb kmdbtµ/

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=;4 Bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai bo fm /// ) Jmdtcbf Omthmaakciob

Dcdfcijtmlàm

Dãomxircf& Xki`mq +=333# ‖Atcxc}rb bx

~tmj`mxc}rb bo qiacifijcb/ ]rbf}rbq

~tcoac~bq hb fbaxrtb‐ bo  Moomfbq& \ifr-

`bo 28& O· 4& ^mtcq/

Dfiit& Hm|ch +=33:# ¥Fb ~tijtm``b litx î

f–ã~tbr|b hb fm `ã`ictbµ& bo  Bo}rçxb& \if/2& Oi/=& ~~/22-<;

Difxmoqec& Fra , B|b Akcm~bffi/ +4>>4#/ Bf 

orb|i bq~àtcxr hbf am~cxmfcq`i/ @mhtch 7

 Memf/

Difxmoqec& Fra , Fmrtbox Xkã|boix/ +=33=#/

 Hb fm grqxclcamxcio/ Fbq ãaioi`cbq hb fm

jtmohbrt +Aiff/ OTL bqqmcq#/ @bqocf-qrt-

f–Bqxtãb 7 Jmffc`mth/

Difxmoqec& Fra/ +=33>m#/ ¥Ab hiox fbq jboq

qiox am~mdfbqµ& bo F–m`irt bx fm grqxcab

ai``b ai`~ãxboabq/ Xticq bqqmcq hbqiacifijcb hb f–maxcio/ ^mtcq 7 @ãxmcfcã/

Difxmoqec& Fra/ +=33>d#/ ¥Fm

hãoioacmxcioµ& bo   F–m`irt bx fm grqxcab

ai``b ai`~ãxboabq/ Xticq bqqmcq hb

qiacifijcb hb f–maxcio/ ^mtcq 7 @ãxmcfcã/

Difxmoqec& Fra/ +4>>=#/ ¥Ro orb|i tãjc`bo

hb grqxclcamacño7 fm acrhmh ~it ~tisbaxiµ&

Aiolbtboacm bo fm Roc|btqchmh hb Aifr`-

 dcm& ̀ c`bi/

Amffio& @cakbf/ +=3;<#/ ¥Bfã`boxq ~irt

rob qiacifijcb hb fm xtmhraxcio/ Fmhi`bqxcamxcio hbq ai}rcffbq Qmcox-

Gma}rbq bx hbq `mtcoq-~çakbrtq hmoq fm

 dmcb hb Qmcox-Dtcbraµ/   Tb|rb F–Mooãb

Qiacifijc}rb& |if/ 1</

Akmxbmrtmsomrh& Ltmoacq/ +=33=#/ ¥Ro

amhtb h–momfsqb hb hcq~rxbq/

^ti~iqcxcioqµ& co   Fm lmrxb

  ~tilbqqcioobffb 7 rob qiacifijcb hbq

aiolfcxq hb tbq~ioqmdcfcxã/ ^mtcq 7

Bhcxcioq @ãxmcfcã/

Akmxbmrtmsomrh& Ltmoacq , Xitos Hchcbt/

+=333#/  Fbq qi`dtbq ~tãartqbrtq 7 rob

qiacifijcb ~tmj`mxc}rb hb f–mfbtxb bx hr

tcq}rb/ ̂ mtcq 7 Baifb hbq kmrxbq ãxrhbq bo

qacboabq qiacmfbq/

Hihcbt& Ocaifmq/ +=331#/ ¥Fbq m~~rcq

aio|boxcioobfq hb f–maxcio/ Bfã`boxq hb

~tmj`mxc}rb qiacifijc}rbµ/  Tãqbmr{-

AOBX& |if/ <4/

Fmxirt& Dtroi , Qxb|b Ziifjmt +=332#  Fm

|chm bo bf fmditmxitci/ Fm aioqxtraacño

hb fiq kbakiq acboxàlcaiq& @mhtch& Mfcmo-

wm/

Fmxirt& Dtroi  +=3;1# ¥Jc|b `b m

fmditmxits moh C zcff tmcqb xkb zitfhµ& bo

E/Eoitt-Abxcom s @/@rfems +bhq/#&

Qacboab idqbt|bh7 ~btq~baxc|b io xkb qi-

acmf qxrhs il qacboab/ Fiohtbq7 Qmjb& ~~/

=8=-=:>

Fmxirt& Dtroi +=33=m#  Oroam lrc`iq `i-

hbtoiq& @ã{cai& Qcjfi [[C/

Fmxirt& Dtroi +=33=d# ¥¹]rã bq fm lrbtwm

hb ro mtjr`boxi9µ& `c`bi/

Fmxirt& Dtroi +=334# Fm acboacm bo maacño&

Dmtabfiom& Fmdit/

Fmxirt& Dtroi +=338# ¥Rob qiacifijcb qmoq

idgbx9 Tb`mt}rbq qrt f–coxbtidgbaxc|cxãµ&

Qiacifijcb hr xtm|mcf & \if/1<& Oi/8& ~~/

2;:-<>:/

Fmxirt& Dtroi +4>>=m# ^mqxbrt/ Fm jrbttb

hbq ̀ catidbq& ^mtcq& Fm Hãair|btxb/

Fmxirt& Dtroi +4>>=d# Cttãhraxcioq& ^mtcq&

Fm Hãair|btxb/

Fmxirt& Dtroi +4>>;# Tbboqm`dfmt fi qi-

acmf/ Rom coxtihraacño m fm xbitàm hbf 

maxit-tbh / Drboiq Mctbq& @momoxcmf/

Omakc& @ikm`bh +4>><#/   Coxtihraxcio î

fm qiacifijcb ~tmj`mxc}rb+Aiff/ Artqrq-

Qiacifijcb& Jcffbq Lbttãif +hct/##/ ^mtcq 7

 Mt`moh Aifco/

Xkã|boix& Fmrtbox +4>><#/   F–maxcio mr

  ~frtcbf/ Qiacifijcb hbq tãjc`bq

h–bojmjb`box & ^mtcq 7 Fm Hãair|btxb/

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=;1m~roxbq HB CO\BQXCJMACÑO HBF ABAS^ ) Fbaxrtmq bo hbdmxb7CQQO >143-4=84 Mýi [C\& O· =3bobti - groci 4>==& ~~/ =:=-=;4/

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=;8 Bf aioiac`cboxi acboxàlcai s bf qmdbt ~tíaxcai bo fm /// ) Jmdtcbf Omthmaakciob