Post on 24-Feb-2018
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
1/45
VIRTUAL
INSTRUMENTATION
UNIT -I
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
2/45
VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION
Virtual Instrumentation refers to theuse of general purpose computersand or!stations" in com#inationith data collection hardarede$ices and $irtual instrumentationsoftare" to construct an integrated
instrumentation s%stem&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
3/45
'E(S
Rapid )* ad$ancement
E+plosi$e lo-cost
,igh-performance data con$ertersemiconductor. de$elopment
S%stem design softare emergence&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
4/45
VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION/E0INITION
Santori
/e1nes a $irtual instrument as 2aninstrument hose general function and
capa#ilities are determined in softare&34old#erg
/escri#es that 2a $irtual instrument iscomposed of some speciali5ed su#units"some general-purpose computers" somesoftare" and a little !no-ho3
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
5/45
VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION/E0INITION
2an% computer can simulate an%other if e simpl% load it ithsoftare simulating the othercomputer&3
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
6/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
7/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
8/45
/esign
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
9/45
)rotot%ping
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
10/45
/eplo%ment
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
11/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
12/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
13/45
T%pical Em#edded S%stem
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
14/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
15/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
16/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
17/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
18/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
19/45
Architecture of VirtualInstrumentation
A $irtual instrument is composed ofthe folloing #loc!s6
7 Sensor module
7 Sensor interface
7 Information s%stems interface
7 )rocessing module
7 /ata#ase interface
7 User interface
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
20/45
AR*,ITE*TURE VIRTUALINSTRUMENTATION
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
21/45
Sensor Module
The sensor module performs signalconditioning and transforms it into adigital form for further manipulation&
7 The sensor 7 The signal conditioning part
7 The A8/ con$erter
/ata ac9uisition /A:." or Imageac9uisition IMA:. #oards
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
22/45
The sensor detects ph%sical signals from theen$ironment& If the parameter #eing measured is notelectrical" the sensor must include a transducer tocon$ert the information to an electrical signal" fore+ample" hen measuring #lood pressure&
The signal-conditioning module performs usuall%analog. signal conditioning prior to A/ con$ersion&
This module usuall% does the ampli1cation"transducer e+citation" lineari5ation" isolation" or1ltering of detected signals&
The A8/ con$erter changes the detected andconditioned $oltage into a digital $alue& Thecon$erter is de1ned #% its resolution and samplingfre9uenc%& The con$erted data must #e precisel%time-stamped to allo later sophisticated anal%ses&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
23/45
Sensor Interface
Wired Interfaces are usually standardparallel interfaces, such as GPIB, Small*omputer S%stems Interface S*SI."s%stem #uses )*I e;tension forInstrumentation );I or VME E+tensions forInstrumentation V;I."or serial #usesRS interfaces.&
Wireless Interfaces are increasingly usedbecause of convenience. Typical interfacesinclude ?@
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
24/45
Processing Module
7Analytic processing. Analytic functionsdene clear functional relations amonginput parameters& Some of the common
anal%ses used in $irtual instrumentationinclude spectral anal%sis" 1ltering"indoing" transforms" pea! detection"or cur$e 1tting& Virtual instruments often
use $arious statistics function" such as"random assignment and #io-statisticalanal%ses&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
25/45
7Articial intelligence techniques. Articialintelligence technologies could #e used toenhance and impro$e the eBcienc%" thecapa#ilit%" and the features of
instrumentation in application areas relatedto measurement " s%stem identi1cation" andcontrol& These techni9ues e+ploit thead$anced computational capa#ilities ofmodern computing s%stems to manipulate
the sampled input signals and e+tract thedesired measurements& Arti1cial intelligencetechnologies" such as neural netor!s"fu55% logic and e+pert s%stems
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
26/45
Database Interface
*omputeri5ed instrumentation allosmeasured data to #e stored for oC-lineprocessing" or to !eep records&
The e;tensi#le Mar!up Language ;ML.ma% #e used to sol$e interopera#ilit%pro#lem #% pro$iding uni$ersal s%nta+&
*ontemporar% data#ase management
s%stems such S:L Ser$er and Oraclesupport ;ML import and e+port of data&Man% $irtual instruments use /ata>aseManagement S%stems/>MSs.
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
27/45
Virtual instruments use these /M>Ssusing some of programminginterfaces" such as O/>*" D/>*"A/O"
and /AO
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
28/45
Information SystemInterface
The% can #e used to create e+ecuti$edash#oards" supporting decisionsupport" real time alerts" and
predicti$e arnings& Virtual interfaces tool!its" such as
La#VIE" pro$ide mechanisms for
customi5ed components" such asActi$e; o#Fects&
Uni1ed Resource Locators URLs.
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
29/45
Presentation and Control
7 Terminal user interfaces
7 4raphical user interfaces
7 Multimodal user interfaces and 7 Virtual and augmented realit%
interfaces
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
30/45
Terminal User Interfaces
*haracter-oriented
As te+tual ser$ices" such as ShortMessage S%stem SMS.
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
31/45
4raphical user interfaces4UIs.
4raphical user interfaces 4UIs. ena#led moreintuiti$e human7computer interaction" ma!ing$irtual instrumentation more accessi#le&Simplicit% of interaction and high intuiti$eness of
graphical user interface operations madepossi#le creation of user-friendlier $irtualinstruments& 4UIs alloed creation of man%sophisticated graphical idgets such as graphs"charts" ta#les" gauges"or meters" hich can
easil% #e created ith man% user interface tools& Sophisticated
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
32/45
Multimodal Presentation
4raphical user interfaces thatimpro$e $isuali5ation" contemporar%personal computers are capa#le of
presenting other modalities such assoni1cation or haptic rendering&
Eg& EE4 anal%sis
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
33/45
Virtual and AugmentedReality
A com#ination of $irtual presentationith real orld o#Fects createsaugment realit% interfaces
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
34/45
Distributed VirtualInstrumentation
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
35/45
Netor!s and Pri"ate
Netor!s
Starting form point-to-pointcommunication ith fa+ and modemsconnected to
Analog telephone lines operating atspeeds up to GH !#ps"
IS/N lines of up to
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
36/45
The Internet
using interopera#le technologiessuch as ,TML" Da$a Applets" VirtualRealit% Modeling Language" and
multimedia support&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
37/45
Cellular Netor!s
ireless Access )rotocol A). isplatform-independent irelesstechnolog%" hich ena#les mo#ile
de$ices to eCecti$el% access Internetcontent& and ser$ices" as ell as tocommunicate ith each other& A)
manages communication #%e+changing messages ritten inireless Mar!up LanguageML.&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
38/45
7 Emergenc% A) push" hich sends MLmessages to ph%sicians or medical callenter in case of medical emergenc%
7 ML #rosing" allos a participant to#rose through information in medicalinformation s%stems or in monitorings%stem
7 /ata distri#ution A)" hich periodicall%sends messages to ph%sicians& These datacould #e simple te+t or some M).&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
39/45
Distributed Integration
7 Message passing s%stems
7 Remote procedure calling R)*. s%stems
7 /istri#uted o#Fect s%stems" and
7 Agent-#ased s%stems&
The message passing model alloscommunication #eteen programs #%
e+change of messages or pac!ets o$erthe netor!&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
40/45
R)* #rings procedural programmingparadigm to netor! programming" addingthe a#straction of the function call todistri#uted s%stems&
/istri#uted o#Fect s%stems e+tend the ideaof R)* ith the o#Fect-oriented a#stractionon top of procedure calls& /istri#uted o#Fects%stems suppl% programs ith references to
remote o#Fects" alloing the program tocontrol" call methods" and store the remoteo#Fect in the same a% as a local o#Fect&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
41/45
Agent #ased integration is potentiall% $er%eCecti$e distri#uted $irtual instrumentintegration mechanism& Agent #ased s%stemsadd concepts of autonomit% and proacti$it% to
distri#uted o#Fect s%stems& Agent-orientedapproach is ell suited for de$eloping comple+"distri#uted s%stems&
an e+ample of an agent-#ased distri#uted
integration" represent a Virtual Medical/e$ice VM/. agent frameor! ith four t%pesof agents6 data agents, processing agents,
presentation agents, and onitoring agents.
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
42/45
/ata agentsa#stract data source" creating uniform $ie on diCerent t%pes of data"
independent of data ac9uisition de$ice&
)rocessing agentsproduce deri$ed data" such us poer spectrum from ra data pro$ided #%
the data agents&
)resentation agents suppl% user interface components usinga $ariet% of user data $ies& User interface components are #ased on
,TT)"SMS" and A) protocols&
Monitoring agentscolla#orate ith data and processing agents pro$iding support for data
mining operations" and searchfor rele$ant patterns&
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
43/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
44/45
7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt
45/45
A/VATA4ES
Performance Platform#Inde$endent Nature %le&ibility 'oer Cost
Plug#In and Netor!ed (ardare The Costs of a Measurement A$$lication Reducing System S$eci)cation Time Cost 'oering the Cost of (ardare and Softare
Minimi*ing Set#U$ and Con)guration TimeCosts Decreasing A$$lication Softare
De"elo$ment Time Costs