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REPBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELAUNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL SIMN RODRGUEZ
DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS
LA GESTIN DEL TALENTO HUMANO EN LAS ORGANIZACIONESPBLICAS VENEZOLANAS EN EL TRNSITO
MODERNIDAD - POSTMODERNIDAD
Tesis prese!"#" $%&% re'(isi!% p"r" %p!"r ") Gr"#% #eD%$!%r e Cie$i"s A#&iis!r"!i*"s
A(!%r+ C"r)%s R%s")es )*"re,T(!%r+ %s. M%!%/"
C"r"$"s0 ()i% #e 1223
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APROBACIN DEL TUTOR
E &i $"r4$!er #e T(!%r #e )" Tesis prese!"#" p%r e) $i(#"#"%
CARLOS ENRIQUE ROSALES ALVAREZ0 !i!()"r #e )" C.#()" #e I#e!i#"#
N5 6728672960 p"r" %p!"r ") Gr"#% #e Doctor en Ciencias Administrativas0
$(/% !:!()% es+ LA GESTIN DEL TALENTO HUANO EN LAS
ORGANIZACIONES !"#LICAS VENEZOLANAS EN EL TR$NSITO
ODERNIDAD%!OSTODERNIDAD; $%si#er% '(e #i$
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NDICE GENERAL
LISTA DE CUADROS *
LISTA DE GRICOS *i
RESUMEN *iii
INTRODUCCIN 8
CAPTULO
I7 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 6E) C%!e!% 6O@e!i*%s #e )" Tesis 8(s!i>i$"$i? 86
II7 MARCO TERICO 8L" M%#eri#"# / P%s!&%#eri#"# e )" Gere$i" 8(#"&e!"$i? O!%epis!e&%)?i$" 8F(#"&e!"$i? Te?ri$" 1L" Di"&i$i#"# #e )"s Or"i,"$i%es / s(s I&p)i$"$i%es e e)
T")e!% H(&"% 9
III7 METODOLOGA 66Tip% #e I*es!i"$i? 66Dise% #e )" I*es!i"$i? 6Pr%!%$%)%s !.$i$%s p"r" )" C"p!(r"0 Pr%$es"&ie!%0 A4)isis eI!erpre!"$i? #e )%s D"!%s 6
IV7 RESULTADOS C%s!r($$i%es Te?ri$"s 3
V7 CONCLUSIONES 36
REERENCIAS 2
iii
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ANEXOS
A G(i? #e e!re*is!" 9
B Tr"s$rip$i%es #e )"s e!re*is!"s re")i,"#"s 3C G(i? #e %@ser*"$i? 8D N%!"s #e %@ser*"$i? p"r!i$ip"!e 8FE Lis!" #e $i!"s 86 De>ii$i%es #e $?#i%s 82
iv
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LISTA DE CUADROS
CUADRO pp7
8 Di*ersi#"# #e )%s e!re*is!"#%s7 2
1 C%#i>i$"$i? #e )%s #"!%s $(")i!"!i*%s 8
C)"si>i$"$i? #e $?#i%s "!e#ie#% " )%s %@e!i*%s #e )" i*es!i"$i? 1
6 C)"si>i$"$i? #e )"s perspe$!i*"s #e) pers%") e!re*is!"#%
C"!e%r:"s #e "4)isis 6
v
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LISTA DE GRICOS
GRICO pp7
8 Sis!e&" #e $"!e%r:"s #e "4)isis 9
1 Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" )" I&p%r!"$i" #e )" pers%"
Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" e) Tr"!% I!erpers%") F
6 Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" e) C%>)i$!% 92
Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" e) Apr%*e$i(r" )" I#e!i>i$"$i? $% )" %r"i,"$i? 96
F Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" e) Es!i)% #e A#&iis!r"$i? 9
82 Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" )" C%&(i$"$i? Or"i,"$i%") 99
88 Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" e) M"e% #e )"s TICs 93
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81 Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" )" Asi"$i? #e $"r%s 9
8 Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" )" C"p"$i!"$i? 9F
86 Di"r"&" #e re)"$i%es e!re )"s perspe$!i*"s '(e$%>i(r" )" Se)e$$i? #e pers%") 32
vii
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL SIMN RODRGUEZDOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS
LA GESTIN DEL TALENTO HUMANO EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES
PBLICAS VENEZOLANAS EN EL TRNSITOMODERNIDAD - POSTMODERNIDAD
RESUMEN
E) pr%p?si!% #e es!" !esis es prese!"r e) pr%#($!% #e (" !e%ri,"$i?s%@re )" Ges!i? #e) T")e!% H(&"% e e) $%!e!% #e )"s %r"i,"$i%es
p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s e e) !r4si!% &%#eri#"#-p%s!&%#eri#"#0 p"r!ie#%#e) s(p(es!% %!%)?i$% '(e re$%%$e )" $%&p)ei#"# #e es!" re")i#"# e ("S%$ie#"# #e) C%%$i&ie!%0 e #%#e e) $%$ep!% #e )" pers%" $%&% (re$(rs% s(s!i!(i@)e % i!er$"&@i"@)e e )" %r"i,"$i?0 es!4 sie#%re&p)","#% p%r e) $%$ep!% #e )" pers%" $%&% >"$!%r i#ispes"@)e '(e )e#" *i#"0 &%*i&ie!% / "$$i? / $%&% e) $"pi!") pri$ip") '(e pr%#($e / " )"*e, $%s(&e $%%$i&ie!% $%*ir!i.#%se e e) pr%pie!"ri% #e) &is&% /pr%!"%is!" #e) .i!% #e )"s %r"i,"$i%es0 !%#% e))% e ( $%!e!% #e!r"si!%rie#"# e!re &%#eri#"# / p%s!&%#eri#"#7 E) "@%r#"eepis!e&%)?i$% #e )" !esis0 se e&"r$? e ( E>%'(e I!r%spe$!i*%-Vi*e$i")/ e) pr%$es% &e!%#%)?i$% se "p%/? e e) P"r"#i&" C(")i!"!i*% "#%p!"#%e) &.!%#% #e )" Te%r:" (#"&e!"#"0 re$(rrie#% p"r" e))% " )" "p)i$"$i?#e !.$i$"s #e #%$(&e!"$i?0 e!re*is!" e pr%>(#i#"# / %@ser*"$i?p"r!i$ip"!e p"r" )" $"p!(r" #e )%s #"!%s '(e >(er% pr%$es"#%s $% )" "/(#"#e) S%>!J"re p"r" e) "4)isis $(")i!"!i*% ATLASK!i7 L%s res()!"#%s $%&pre#e( $%(!% #e $%s!r($!%s !e?ri$%s '(e e&erier% #ire$!"&e!e #e )%s#"!%s "p%r!"#%s p%r )%s s(e!%s s%@re )"s "$$i%es / s($es%s '(e$%s!i!(/e )" !r"&" #e s( re")i#"# $%!i#i""7 L"s $%$)(si%es " )"s '(e se"rri@" $% es!" !esis #%$!%r") se si!e!i," e '(e )" es!i? #e) !")e!%i)%s%>:" "#&iis!r"!i*" i&p)"!"#"0 " )"!e$%)%:" e&p)e"#" / ") "&@ie!e %r"i,"$i%") #%#e >($i%" / es!%s"e!es '(e i$i#e s%@re )"s %r"i,"$i%es se *i$()" e!re s:pr%#($ie#% >%r&"s #e
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INTRODUCCIN
U" #e )"s 4re"s '(e %r&"$i%es e )%s =)!i&%s "%s es )" "#&iis!r"$i? #e pers%"s $(/%s
%r:ees se re&%!" ($i%"&ie!% #e )"s %r"i,"$i%es #e pri$ipi%s #e) si)% XX0
e) $(") es!(*% %rie!"#% ") $%!r%) er4r'(i$% #e )"s pers%"s0 /" %s res()!"
"%!"#% p"r" p"r!i$ip"r e ( es$e"ri% $%&p)e% $"r"$!eri,"#% p%r ( (e*%
es!"#% #e $%s"s $ie!:>i$% / $()!(r") % (" (e*" >%r&" #e es!"r e e) &(#%
" )" $(") % p%#e&%s s(s!r"er%s '(e ")(%s i&p%r!"!es pes"#%res ere$i")7 U" &(es!r" #e e))% es e) !.r&i%
Re$(rs% H(&"% (s"#% e )"s *ie"s #e>ii$i%es &%#eris!"s0 '(e se
1
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@"s"@" e e) $%$ep!% #e )" pers%" $%&% ( >"$!%r s(s!i!(i@)e %
i!er$"&@i"@)e e e) er""e #e )" &"'(i"ri" #e pr%#($$i? / )"
re)"$i%"@" $% ( is!r(&e!%0 ( &"!eri") % (" es!"#:s!i$"0 / e )"
"$!(")i#"# es!4 sie#% re&p)","#% p%r e) !.r&i% T")e!% H(&"% '(e see&"r$" e )" $%$ep$i? #e )" pers%" $%&% e) >"$!%r i#ispes"@)e '(e )e
#" *i#"0 &%*i&ie!% / "$$i? " !%#" %r"i,"$i?7 E es!" %$i?0 )" pers%"
es e) $"pi!") pri$ip") '(e pr%#($e / " )" *e, $%s(&e $%%$i&ie!%
$%*ir!i.#%se e e) pr%pie!"ri% #e) &is&% / pr%!"%is!" #e) .i!% #e )"s
%r"i,"$i%es e )% '(e "$!(")&e!e se #e%&i" )" S%$ie#"# #e )"
I>%r&"$i? % #e) C%%$i&ie!%7 E r",? #e e))% se $%si#er" '(e (#"&e!%s !e?ri$%s '(e sir*e #e re>ere!es " )"
i*es!i"$i?7
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E) C"p:!()% III prese!" e) s(p(es!% &e!%#%)?i$% % &%#% e '(e se
p(#% %@!eer e) $%%$i&ie!% #e )" re")i#"#7 A'(: se #es"rr%))" !%#" ("
ep)i$"$i? s%@re e) !ip% #e i*es!i"$i? $(")i!"!i*" e&p)e"#"0 )" (!i)i,"$i?
#e) &.!%#% #e Te%r:" (#"&e!"#" / )%s pr%!%$%)%s se(i#%s p"r" )"%@!e$i?0 pr%$es"&ie!% / "4)isis #e )%s #"!%s $% e) "(i)i% #e) S%>!J"re
p"r" e) A4)isis C(")i!"!i*% ATLASK!i7
E e) C"p:!()% IV se re$(rre " )" i!er"$i? ""):!i$" #e )%s
$%s!r($!%s e&ere!es p"r" >%r&()"r / $%&pr%@"r pr%p%si$i%es &e#i"!e
)" $%&p"r"$i? #e #"!%s "p%r!"#%s p%r )%s "$!%res s%$i")es0 )%s #"!%s
re$%i#%s #e )" re*isi? #%$(&e!") / )"s %!"s #e %@ser*"$i? #e)
i*es!i"#%r7i")&e!e e e) C"p:!()% V0 )"s $%$)(si%es res()!"!es si!e!i,"
!%#% e) !r"@"% re")i,"#%7
3
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CA!&TULO I
!LANTEAIENTO DEL !RO#LEA
E' Conte(to
E) &(#% #e %r&"
#e es!"r e e) &(#% " )" $(") % p%#e&%s s(s!r"er%s7 E )" $%#i$i?
p%s!&%#er"0 i&per" )% >r"&e!"ri%0 )% e>:&er%0 )% #is$%!i(%0 e) $"&@i%
$"?!i$%0 e) p)(r")is&%0 )" $%eis!e$i" #e ( r" =&er% #e &(#%s p%si@)es
% &4s $)"r"&e!e0 esp"$i%s i$%&es(r"@)es '(e se /(!"p%e %
s(perp%e e!re s:7 E))" es!" $%&pr%&e!i#" $% (" p)(r")i#"# #e
perspe$!i*"s0 sii>i$"#%s0 &.!%#%s0 *")%res0 ")!er"!i*"s )%res O)e" /
M"ri" )%res0 8FFF7
S%&%s !es!i%s p(es0 #e (" si!("$i? p"r!i$()"r / #es">i"!e e )"
$(") e) sis!e&" #e $ree$i"s / *")%res '(e $"r"$!eri,? " )" &%#eri#"# /
s(s!e!? e) es!"@)e$i&ie!% #e) &%#e)% #e #ire$$i? / >($i%"&ie!% #e )"s
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%r"i,"$i%es #e pri$ipi%s #e) si)% XX0 e) $(") es!(*% %rie!"#% ") $%!r%)
er4r'(i$% #e )"s pers%"s0 /" % res()!" $%*eie!e p"r" p"r!i$ip"r e (
es$e"ri% $%&p)e% $"r"$!eri,"#% p%r !res "spe$!%s '(e >%r&" p"r!e
i#is%)(@)e #e )" (e*" re")i#"# $%!e&p%r4e" $%&% s% )" )%@")i,"$i?0 )"*")%r"$i? #e) $%%$i&ie!% / e) per&"e!e $"&@i% #e) $%!e!%7
A) respe$!% #e )" )%@")i,"$i? )%res O)e" / M"ri" )%res %@7 $i!7
"r(&e!" '(e es e) pr%$es% e e) $(") se eer")i," )" i!er$%&(i$"$i?
e!re e$%%&:"s0 s%$ie#"#es / $()!(r"s0 #%#e se #es"rr%))" / "p)i$" )"s
!e$%)%:"s #e )" $%&(i$"$i? / )" i>%r&4!i$"0 (!% $% )%s "$(er#%s e!re
)%s Es!"#%s p"r" >"$i)i!"r !%#% !ip% #e i!er$"&@i%s; espe$i")&e!e #e %r#e
e$%?&i$% p7 88; "$!%r !r"@"%7 L%s !r"@""#%res se #esp)"," #e (
p":s " %!r% e @(s$" #e &e%res %p%r!(i#"#es #e e&p)e% / )" &"/%r p"r!e
#e )"s &ir"$i%es se pr%#($e e!re p":ses e #es"rr%))%7 Es!" &%*i)i#"#
#e) >"$!%r !r"@"%0 "&e"," / " )" *e, $re" %p%r!(i#"#es " )"s #i>ere!es
%r"i,"$i%es7De i(") &"er"0 se e*i#e$i" $%&% e) #es"rr%))% #e )"s Te$%)%:"s
#e I>%r&"$i? / #e )" C%&(i$"$i? TICs e )%s =)!i&%s "%s0 %r&"$i? % #e) C%%$i&ie!% e #%#e
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se= V")#.s B(r"!!i 12210 se es!4 e*%)($i%"#% %r&"$i? / $%%$i&ie!%7 I(")&e!e se")" '(e e es!"
#e%&i"#" N(e*" E$%%&:" )" &"% #e %@r" @"r"!" $"#" *e, es &4s $"r"
/ p%r e) $%!r"ri%0 (" &e%r !e$%)%:"0 (%s >)(%s #e i>%r&"$i? &4sr4pi#%s / &e%res0 ("s eis!e$i"s i>eri%res % (" %r"i,"$i? &4s )ier"
p(e#e pr%#($ir (%s "
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Es!e p"%r"&" p"re$ier" i#i$"r%s '(e )" pr%#($!i*i#"# i#(s!ri") %
!iee e$esi#"# #e @r",%s7 Si e&@"r% "= $("#% )"s >4@ri$"s
r%@%!i,"#"s / )"s $%&p(!"#%r"s %r&"$i? #e )"s %r"i,"$i%es '(e >(er%
$%$e@i#"s p"r" per&"e$er e ( &(#% #%#e )" es!"@i)i#"# er" )" re)" /e) $"&@i% )" e$ep$i? / '(e
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ser*i$i%s /K% pr%#($!%s #e ")!" $")i#"#0 #e@e ")$","r )%s i*e)es #e
$%&pe!i!i*i#"# p"r" ser &4s e>i$ie!es / #e@e &"!eer ( ri!&% $%s!"!e
#e i%*"$i?0 p"r" "!r"er0 &%!i*"r / #es"rr%))"r " s( pers%") % p%r e)
$%!r"ri% "rries"rse " pere$er7 es e!%$es0 $("#% se $%&pr(e@" '(e e)" &"/%r:" #e )"s %r"i,"$i%es0 )" r" #i>ere$i" % )" pri$ip") *e!""
$%&pe!i!i*" e ( &(#% )%@")i,"#% ies!"@)e0 $"&@i"!e / $%&pe!i!i*% e
e!re&%0 )" $%s!i!(/e )"s pers%"s '(e )"@%r" e e))"s C%r&"$i%es eer"#"s p%r )%s $"&@i%s e ( e!%r% )%@")i,"#%0
$%&p)e% / s%&e!i#% ") "*"$e #e )"s !e$%)%:"s #e )" i>%r&"$i? / #e )"
$%&(i$"$i? QC(4) es e) es!"#% #e) "r!e #e )" es!i? #e re$(rs%s
($i%"r / e*%)($i%"r7 L"
$"p"$i#"# i!e)e$!(") es )" $)"*e / /" s%@re )"s *ie"s #e>ii$i%es
&%#eris!"s '(e (s" e) !.r&i% Re$(rs% H(&"%0 @"s4#%se e )"
$%$ep$i? #e ( >"$!%r s(s!i!(i@)e % i!er$"&@i"@)e e e) er""e #e )"
&"'(i"ri" #e pr%#($$i? / $"!")%"#% " )" pers%" $%&% ( is!r(&e!%0
&"!eri") % (" es!"#:s!i$"0
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pri$ip")0 e) $(") p%see ii$i? / !"&@i. )" =i$" i#ispes"@)e p"r"e) #es"rr%))%7
Es p(es0 e) !")e!% e?&e% s(e!% " )" i>)(e$i"#e &($ere$i"s e $("!%
" "p!i!(#es / p"!r%es #e $%&p%r!"&ie!%7 T%&" "%s re$)(!"r0 $"p"$i!"r /
#es"rr%))"r e) pers%") e$es"ri% p"r" )" $%>%r&"$i? #e r(p%s #e !r"@"%s
$%&pe!i!i*%s / )" >(" #e) !")e!% :$i)
">r%!"r)" $% )"s &is&"s s%)($i%es "#%p!"#"s p"r" )" p.r#i#" #e $"pi!") %
#e e'(ip"&ie!%7
E )" "$!(")i#"# es!e $"&@i% #e $%$ep!% se re)"$i%" $% ( $"&@i%#e p%#er e e) !r"@"% p%r $("!% si "!es se ))e? " $%si#er"r " )%s
!r"@""#%res $%&% pie,"s i!er$"&@i"@)es0 :$i) / &4s $%s!%s% $%se(ir %!r" pers%" $% "p!i!(#es
e'(i*")e!es % >%r&"r " ( (e*% e&p)e"#%7 E) !r"@""#%r "#'(iri? p%#er #e
e%$i"$i?7
Des!"$" G(@&" 12220 '(e e$%!r"r !")e!% (er," )"@%r") % se
es!4 $%!r"/e#%0 per% !"&p%$% es!" pr%#($ie#% !")e!%7 I(")&e!e se")"
9
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'(e si e) !")e!% es es$"s% / *")i%s%0 )"s %r"i,"$i%es "" $("#% s%
&4s i!e)ie!es '(e s( $%&pe!e$i"0 $re"#% ( "!r"$!i*% e!%r% #e
!r"@"%0 es$%ie#% )" e!e $%rre$!" / %@!eie#% )% &e%r #e e))"; es!%
'(iere #e$ir '(e )" *e!"" $%&pe!i!i*" )e per!ee$e " )"s %r"i,"$i%es '(es"@e $%&% "!r"er0 se)e$$i%"r0 es!"@)e$er / #es"rr%))"r e) !")e!%7
L%s ere!es #e )"s %r"i,"$i%es se #ier% $(e!" '(e )"s pers%"s
s% e) e)e&e!% $e!r") #e s( sis!e&" er*i%s% e&pres"ri") p%r'(e
i!r%#($e )" i!e)ie$i" e e) '(e%'(e+)" es!i? #e) !")e!% (e!e #e i&p()s% pr%pi% '(e
#i"&i," )" %r"i,"$i? / % "e!es ier!es7 S% )%s (e*%s s%$i%s #e )"
%r"i,"$i? $"p"$es #e $%#($ir)" " )" e$e)e$i" / ") .i!% i*ir!ie#%
es>(er,%0 #e#i$"$i?0 resp%s"@i)i#"#0 $%&pr%&is%0 ries%s0 e!$70 $% )"
esper"," #e re$i@ir ( re!%r% r",%"@)e0 r"!i>i$"!e / s%s!ei#% #e es!"
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i*ersi?7 L"s %r"i,"$i%es ei!%s"s #es$(@rier% es!% / !r"!" " s(s
&ie&@r%s $%&% s%$i%s / % $%&% si&p)es e&p)e"#%s7 Ser:" i!eres"!e
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si!("$i? % se %@ser*" $% )" i&p%r!"$i" '(e i" $%&% ( "e!e
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L" rese" ep(es!" #" $(e!" #e (" serie #e pr%@)e&"!i,"$i%es
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%r"i,"$i%") #e@e ser e>e$!("#%s #e@i#% " )"s presi%es '(e )"s
pr%>(#"s !r"s>%r&"$i%es $%>i(r" e e) $%!e!% #e )" s%$ie#"#i>%r&"$i%") / es e!%$es0 e es!e $%!e!% #%#e se si!=" )" es!i? #e)
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p=@)i$"s0 espe$i")&e!e e )"s %r"i,"$i%es #epe#ie!es #e) Miis!eri%
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!e%r:" $%!e!(")i,"#" e e) sis!e&" %r"i,"$i%") %>i$i") *ee,%)"% / #e
resp(es!" " )"s si(ie!es i!err%"!es+ QC?&% $%s!r(ir )" !e%r:" per!ie!e
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C%!r"s!"r )%s $%s!r($!%s !e?ri$%s eer"#%s #es#e )" perspe$!i*" #e )%s
"$!%res s%$i")es / )%s >(#"&e!%s !e?ri$%s7
C%$ep!(")i,"r )" es!i? #e) !")e!% i$i%
#e )" s%$ie#"# *ee,%)""7
E $("!% " )" (!i)i#"# &e!%#%)?i$" #e )" !esis se p(e#e "r"!i,"r'(e $%s!i!(/e (" *")i%s" >(e!e &e!%#%)?i$" p"r" (e*%s !r"@"%s #e
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ARCO TERICO
La odernidad 2 !ostmodernidad en 'a Gerencia
(i,4s se" &"s se$i))% i#e!i>i$"r )"s #i>ere!es $%$ep!(")i,"$i%es
#e )% '(e p%#r:" ser )% &%#er% % p%s!&%#er% e )%s p"s"#%s / "$!(")es
!ie&p%s0 e e) 4&@i!% )i!er"ri% '(e e e) &(#% e&pres"ri") / ere$i")7
C("#% se (er,% re>)ei*% p"r" ep)i$i!"r / >(#"&e!"r >i)%s?>i$"&e!e es!"sesi@i)i#"# $()!(r")0 %@r" re")i,"#" p%r "! / Hee) Herrer"0 8FF7 "!
e s( $)4si$% !e!% Q(. es )" I)(s!r"$i? )" #e>ie $%&% )" s")i#" #e)
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87 L" eis!e$i" % es #es!i% rei#% p%r Di%s % p%r )" "!(r")e,"7 E))"
es ( pr%/e$!%0 (" *%$"$i?0 (" &e!" '(e #e@e / p(e#e ser #e!er&i"#" /
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&is&% )% '(e (#"&e!")es #e )" &%#eri#"# e+
87 E) e*%)($i%is&% $%&% r",? $ie!:>i$" p"r" ep)i$"r )" eis!e$i"
#e) es!"$i%es
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7 E) re)"!i*is&% #e) $%%$i&ie!% iere ") i*e)
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97 e) e&piris&% p%r e) $(") #e@:" "$ep!"rse '(e !%#% $%%$i&ie!%
#e@e @"s"rse e i$"$i?7
Acotaciones a la Expresin Postmodernidad
E) "$i&ie!% #e )" p%s!&%#eri#"# es!(*% #"#% p%r (" serie #e
>"$!%res '(e i>)(:" e '(ie se #e"se i!r%#($ir e (" (e*" i#e%)%:"
$% #i*ers"s !e#e$i"s0 L" epresi? p%s!&%#eri#"#0 *iee sie#% (s"#"
#es#e )"s "r!es0 $%&e,"#% p%r )" "r'(i!e$!(r" / )" #","0 / e) pes"&ie!%
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e) >e&iis&% "s: $%&% )" p%)i!%)%:"prese!" ( $("#r% $%>(s%0 i"si@)e
C"s!r%0 8FFF7
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p"re!")es0 per% es!(#i%s%s #e (% / %!r% p%s!()"#%0 re>iere
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"4)isis !e?ri$%0 p%r es!% &($ere$i"r ( &%*i&ie!% #e%!r%7
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#is$(rs% p%s!&%#er% i*i!" " "@"#%"r e) @"r$% >re!e ") iesper"#%
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&%#er" % )e "$)"r? &($)ei%es %s pr%p%e r%ss% &%#% '(e "s(&"&%s
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i")&e!e0 $% re)"$i? " )" ere$i"0 L)"% Ci>(e!es 1228 s(iere
'(e #e@e !%r"rse ""sis e e) $"pi!")
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perspe$!i*" #e )%s "$!%res % ese$i")&e!e e&pres"ri")es %(@er"&e!")es si% e e) e>%'(e #e )" )%@")i,"$i? e e) p)"% e&p:ri$%-
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$%&% )%s #%s re>ere!es ""):!i$%s p"r" $"r"$!eri,"r )" re")i#"# "$!(")7
31ndamentaci,n Ontoe-istemo',+ica
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Se es!"@)e$e e!%$es0 '(e )%s ees !e&4!i$%s #e es!e es!(#i% s%
)"s %r"i,"$i%es0 e) !")e!% 70 se")" '(e " p"r!ir
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#e (rir )%s ri%res #e )" pr%pi" re>)ei? #e )%s
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si&p)i>i$"#%r"7 L" (e*" r"$i%")i#"# %p!" p%r )" $%&p)e&e!"rie#"# / )"
$%($i? #e )%s $%%$i&ie!%s #is$ip)i"ri%s0 % se"+ !%&" e) $"&i% #e )"
!r"s#is$ip)i"rie#"#7
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r" *"rie#"# #e re)"$i%es0 $% i!er"$$i%es )ie")es / %-)ie")es0
si$r?i$"s / #i"$r?i$"s0 )" e*%)($i? #e $(/% $%(!% es i&pre*isi@)e0
i$)(s% $("#% s( "(!%-%r"i,"$i? se %rie!" p%r "$$i%es !e)e%)?i$"s0
>i")is!"s p7 87
E $("!% " )" !r"s#is$ip)i"rie#"#0 Ni$%)es$( 8FFF se")" '(e e))"
$%$iere0 $%&% )% i#i$" e) pre>i% !r"s0 " )% '(e si&()!4e"&e!e es e!re)"s #is$ip)i"s " !r"*.s #e )"s #i>ere!es #is$ip)i"s / &4s "))4 #e !%#"
#is$ip)i"7 S( >i")i#"# es )" $%&presi? #e) &(#% prese!e0 (% #e $(/%s
i&per"!i*%s es )" (i#"# #e) $%%$i&ie!% / ep)i$" '(e e prese$i" #e
*"ri%s i*e)es #e re")i#"#0 e) esp"$i% e!re )"s #is$ip)i"s / &4s "))4 #e )"s
#is$ip)i"s es!4 ))e%0 $%&% e) *"$:% $(4!i$% es!4 ))e% #e !%#"s )"s
p%!e$i")i#"#es+ #es#e )" p"r!:$()" $(4!i$" " )"s ")"i"s0 #e) $("r,% " )%s
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%'(e I!r%spe$!i*%-Vi*e$i")0 !"&@i.
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31ndamentaci,n Te,rica
De "$(er#% " )%s ees !e&4!i$%s '(e $%s!i!(/e )" re")i#"# " ser
i*es!i"#" / )%s $(")es '(e#"r% #e>ii#%s $%&% )"s %r"i,"$i%es0 e)
!")e!% %'(e #e sis!e&"s "@ier!%s0 '(e
&"!iee ( $%!i(% i!er$"&@i% #e &"!eri"Keer:"Ki>%r&"$i? $% e)
"&@ie!e7
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s%0 e )" &"/%r:" #e )"s *e$es #e "!(r")e," $%&p)e!"&e!e #i>ere!e7
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87 Pr%p?si!% ( %@e!i*%+ !%#% sis!e&" !iee (% % ")(%s pr%p?si!%s (
%@e!i*%s7 L"s (i#"#es % e)e&e!%s ( %@e!%s0 $%&% !"&@i. )"s
re)"$i%es0 #e>ie (" #is!ri@($i? '(e !r"!" sie&pre #e ")$","r (
%@e!i*%717 G)%@")is&% % !%!")i#"#+ !%#% sis!e&" !iee (" "!(r")e," %r4i$"0
p%r )" $(") (" "$$i? '(e pr%#(,$" $"&@i% e (" #e )"s (i#"#es #e)
sis!e&"0 $% &($e$!"r4 !%#"s )"s #e&4s (i#"#es0 #e@i#% " )" re)"$i?
eis!e!e e!re e))"s7 E) sis!e&" sie&pre re"$$i%"r4 )%@")&e!e " $(")'(ier
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%r&"$i?0 #is&i(/e )" e!r%p:"0 p(es )"
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>e?&e% #e "(!%rre()"$i? #e )" $%s!"$i" #e )"s pr%pie#"#es #e)
sis!e&" $("#% es i>)(i#% p%r "e!es e!eri%res7
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"7 Sis!e&"s >:si$%s % $%$re!%s0 $("#% es!4 $%s!i!(i#%s p%r
e'(ip%s0 p%r &"'(i"ri" / p%r %@e!%s / $%s"s re")es0 e %!r%s !.r&i%s
$("#% es!4 $%&p(es!%s #e :si$%s
#e ( sis!e&"+ sii>i$" e) e'(ip%
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p)"es0 !J"re $%(!% #e pr%r"&"s e is!r($$i%es+
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/ re)"$i%es se $%&@i" #e (" &"er" pe$()i"r / r:i#" pr%#($ie#% ("
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>i #ese"#%0 ( r"#% #e pr%res% '(e es!4 #e!r% #e )%s ):&i!es #e>ii#%s
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"7 S(@sis!e&" !.$i$%+ '(e $%&pre#e )"s !"re"s "
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s(p(es!%s0 #e )"s "$!i!(#es / #e )"s $%#($!"s #e )%s es!%res respe$!% ")
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&e#i#"s #is$ip)i"ri"s per% $% &e%s "r@i!r"rie#"# / %>re$e ")("s
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se @"s" e )" $%>i"," &(!(" / % e es'(e&"s >%r&")es0 )"s pers%"s se
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re#($$i?0 / % )" re#($$i? "rr%"!e '(e $ree p%seer )" *er#"# si&p)e0 p%r
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e e) #es"rr%))% #e )%s pr%$es%s '(e e e))" se &"i>ies!" / p%r )"
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C%&p)ei#"#0 e))%s p%#r:" epres"rse #e )" &"er" si(ie!e+
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Principio de rec!rsi&idad organizacional. Es!e pri$ipi% $%si#er" e)
pr%$es% re$(rsi*% '(e es "'(e) e e) $(") )%s pr%#($!%s / )%s e>e$!%s s% ")
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pr%p(es!" #err(&@" )" i#e" )ie") #e $"(s"Ke>e$!%0 #e pr%#($!%Kpr%#($!%r0 #ees!r($!(r"Ks(peres!r($!(r"0 p%r'(e !%#% )% '(e es pr%#($i#% ree!r" s%@re
"'(e))% '(e )% i(r"#% #e &"er" p"r!i$()"r p%r )%s pr%$es%s i#i*i#(")es '(e se
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Cere$i" s%@re sis!e&" #e "$!i*i#"#es ies7
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"pr%i&"r%s " ">ir&"r '(e (" %r"i,"$i? es e!%$es ( p"!r? #e
re)"$i%es p%r &e#i% #e )"s $(")es )"s pers%"s0 @"% e) &"#% #e )%s
ere!es persi(e &e!"s $%&(es7 Es!"s &e!"s per&i!e " )" %r"i,"$i?
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per&"e$er e e) !ie&p% / p"r" e))% e$esi!" ( $%!e!% es!"@)e /
$%&presi@)e p"r" #es"rr%))"r s(s p%!e$i")i#"#es7 E) pr%$es% ere$i") #e )"
%r"i,"$i? i&p)i$" !%&"r #e$isi%es p"r" $re"r es!e !ip% #e &"r$%7
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$"&@i%s i&p%r!"!es e e) e!%r% )%@") / )%$") i!er$%e$!4#%)%s / e)
se(#%0 )" re#i>i$"$i? '(e "p%/"#" e )"s !e$%)%:"s #e )" i>%r&"$i? /
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%r"i,"$i%")es0 !r"s!%$"#% )%s &%#%s #e pes"r / ii$i? !.$i$"7
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A!eri%r&e!e )% &4s i&p%r!"!e e (" e&pres" er" s( "$!i*% >i% /
s( >i"$i"&ie!%7 E )" "$!(")i#"# )" e&pres" se @"s" e e) $"pi!")
i!"i@)e #e )" i>%r&"$i? / e) $%%$i&ie!% / s( #(e%0 )" e!e % se
p(e#e ree&p)","r p%r $"pi!") e )"s )"@%res i!e)e$!(")es / #e ser*i$i%s0 p%r!") r",? e) ser i$"#%s7
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)" perspe$!i*" #e )" es!i? #es#e e) p(!% #e *is!" #e )"s pers%"s !iee
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#e )" %r"i,"$i?7 L"s pers%"s s% )" s"re '(e #" )" *i#" " )"
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Se= Cere!e #e s( $%>i(r"$i? !r"#i$i%") $("#% re$i@:" e)
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&.!%#%s #esp?!i$%s / $% &e!")i#"#es "r$"i$"s p%r $("!% es!4 "s%$i"#% "
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$%s!i!(/e %@e#e$ie#% " si&@%)is&%s s%$i%$()!(r")es '(e #" $%&%
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CA!&TULO III
ETODOLOG&A
Ti-o de Investi+aci,n
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#e re)"$i%es '(e $%>ir&" es!" pr%p%si$i? " !r"*.s #e epresi%es #e
pre%$(p"$i? / $es(r" e (" pr%p%r$i? $%si#er"@)e #e )"s #is!i!"s
perspe$!i*"s "")i,"#"s0 re>eri#"s " )" "p)i$"$i? #e pr4$!i$"s "#&iis!r"!i*"s
'(e )"s pers%"s $%si#er" #e>i$ie!es e )"s 4re"s #e )" $%&(i$"$i?
%r"i,"$i%")0 )" $"p"$i!"$i?0 re$%%$i&ie!%0 es!i)% #e "#&iis!r"$i?0
!r"!% i!erpers%")0 "pr%*e$
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Gr'*ico 0. Con/'icto7
67 E) $%%$i&ie!% #e )"s pers%"s es >(#"&e!") e )"s
%r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s / e @"se " .) se "#%p!" pr4$!i$"s
"#&iis!r"!i*"s '(e p%si@i)i!" s( &e%r "pr%*e$ere!es perspe$!i*"s '(e si
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Gr'*ico 1. A-rovec5amiento de' conocimiento7
7 L"s pers%"s e )"s %r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s#e&"#" pr4$!i$"s "#&iis!r"!i*"s '(e p%si@i)i!e s( (s!" *")%r"$i? $%&%
&e$"is&% #e s"!is>"$$i? #e s( *i#" %r"i,"$i%")7
L(e% #e "")i,"r e) $%(!% #e re)"$i%es i)(s!r"#"s e e) Gr4>i$% 9
e!r":#% #e) pr%r"&" ATLASK!i se $%>ir&" )" pr%p%si$i? >%r&()"#" !%#"
*e, '(e )"s pers%"s e )" %r"i,"$i? epres" s(s "spir"$i%es " ser
re$%%$i#%s p%r s(s es>(er,%s / es!4 pe#ie!es #e ser *")%r"#%s e s(
(s!" #i&esi?0 e !") se!i#% &"i>ies!" #ese%s #e '(e )" %r"i,"$i?
"p)i'(e pr%$e#i&ie!%s %p%r!(%s / "#e$("#%s '(e re#(#e e s"!is>"$$i?
)"@%r")7
61
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Gr'*ico 2. Reconocimiento7
97 L" #isp%si$i? p"r" e) !r"@"% &"i>es!"#" p%r )"s pers%"s e )"s
%r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s s(re pri%ri!"ri"&e!e e >($i? #e )"s
$%se$(e$i"s '(e !iee p"r" e))"s )"s pr4$!i$"s "#&iis!r"!i*"s
#es"rr%))"#"s e )"s %r"i,"$i%es7
Es!" pr%p%si$i? '(e#" $%>ir&"#" p%r'(e e>e$!i*"&e!e )"s
pers%"s #es#e )"s #i>ere!es perspe$!i*"s s(s!e!" e) #is$(rs% #e '(e e)
!r"@"% '(e re")i," se *e es!i&()"#% p%r si!("$i%es0 "$!i!(#es0 /
pr%$e#i&ie!%s "#&iis!r"!i*%s '(e )e res()!" r"!%s / pr%#($!i*%s
)"@%r")&e!e7 E) Gr4>i$% 3 e!r":#% #e) pr%r"&" ATLASK!i i)(s!r" es!"sre)"$i%es7
62
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Gr'*ico 4. Identi/icaci,n con 'a or+ani4aci,n7
7 E) es!i)% #e "#&iis!r"$i? e )"s %r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s
*ee,%)""s es $%!ie$i") e >($i? #e )"s )i&i!"$i%es '(e )e i&p%e )"$()!(r" %r"i,"$i%")7
P"r" #"r p%r $%>ir&"#" es!" pr%p%si$i? se !(*% '(e e"&i"r
$(i#"#%s"&e!e e) $%(!% #e re)"$i%es '(e se i)(s!r" e e) Gr4>i$% F
e!r":#% #e) pr%r"&" ATLASK!i / se $%&pr%@? '(e "('(e (" $%si#er"@)e
&(es!r" #e "$!%res #e )"s #i>ere!es perspe$!i*"s "r(&e!" '(e e) es!i)%
#e "#&iis!r"$i? es "(!%ri!"ri%0 %!r" &(es!r" #e "$!%res #e i(")
$%si#er"$i? &"i>ies!" '(e e) es!i)% es #e $%ses%0 #e&%$r4!i$% /
p"r!i$ip"!i*% #epe#ie#% #e) "&@ie!e #e !r"@"%0 #e )" (re$i" #e )"s
!"re"s "si"#"s / #e )%s e'(ip%s #e !r"@"%7
64
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Gr'*ico 5. Esti'o de administraci,n7
F7 E )"s %r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s $%eis!e ( sis!e&"
$%&(i$"!i*% %r"i,"$i%") !r"#i$i%") $% >%r&"s $%&(i$"!i*"s '(e se
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$re#i@i)i#"#7 I(")&e!e %!r" $%si#er"@)e &(es!r" #e "$!%res #e )"s
#i>ere!es perspe$!i*"s %pi" '(e )" $%&(i$"$i? es e>i$ie!e p%r e) es!i)%
'(e i&p%e e) s(per*is%r % ere!e '(e )es per&i!e (" $%&(i$"$i?
"@ier!" #%#e se sie!e )i@res p"r" pr%p%r$i%"r )%s &es"es per!ie!es ")"s "$!i*i#"#es '(e es!4 #es"rr%))"#%7
Gr'*ico +6. Com1nicaci,n Or+ani4aciona'7
827 L" "si"$i? #e $"r%s e )"s %r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s
*ee,%)""s es!4 s(e!" " pr4$!i$"s "#&iis!r"!i*"s '(e %@e#e$e " (
r.i&e )e") es!"@)e$i#%0 )% $(") pr%pi$i" )" "#e$("$i? #e )"s pers%"s ")
per>i) #e) $"r% "( $("#% e))% % *"/" e >($i? #e) $%%$i&ie!%"#'(iri#%7
Es!" pr%p%si$i? '(e#" $%>ir&"#" !%#" *e, '(e )" r" &"/%r:" #e
)%s "$!%res #e )"s #i>ere!es perspe$!i*"s s(s!e!" e) #is$(rs% #e '(e
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$%%$i&ie!% "#'(iri#% p"r" e) 4re" #e #ese&pe% p%r e$i&" #e )%s #e&4s
re'(isi!%s ii$% 88 e!r":#% #e) pr%r"&"ATLASK!i se i)(s!r" )"s re)"$i%es se")"#"s7
Gr'*ico ++. Asi+naci,n de car+os7
887 L"s Te$%)%:"s #e )" I>%r&"$i? / #e )" C%&(i$"$i? TICs0
i>)(/e #e$isi*"&e!e e )"s pr4$!i$"s "#&iis!r"!i*"s eer"#% >%r&"s #e
$%&p%r!"&ie!%s '(e es!4 !r"s>%r&"#% )" *i#" )"@%r") e )"s
%r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s7
E )"s %r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s se es!" es!"#% ( $"&@i% e e)
&%#% #e
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!e$%)%:"s #e )" i>%r&"$i? / #e )" $%&(i$"$i? '(e es!4 i>)(/e#% ere!es perspe$!i*"s e )"s $(")es "#($e '(e % per$i@e
(" p%):!i$" #e $"p"$i!"$i? #e pers%") p%r p"r!e #e )" %r"i,"$i?0 )" $(")
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pers%"s '(e se $"p"$i!e p"r" e) $"r% p%r $(e!" pr%pi"7 E))% se *e
re>)e"#% e )" i)(s!r"$i? #e) Gr4>i$% 8 e!r":#% #e) pr%r"&" ATLASK!i7
Gr'*ico +/. Ca-acitaci,n7
87 L" se)e$$i? #e pers%") e )"s %r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s
*ee,%)""s se es!4 $%>i(r"#% $%&% e) pr%$es% #e %@!e$i? #e !")e!%
ir&" p%r )"s
%pii%es #e )%s #i>ere!es "$!%res '(e s(s!e!" e) #is$(rs% #e '(e e )"
"$!(")i#"# se pr%$(r" e) ires% " )" %r"i,"$i? #e )"s pers%"s '(e
"#e&4s #e $(&p)ir $% e) per>i) #e) $"r% !e" )" $"p"$i!"$i? $%i!i*"i#?e" p"r" iser!"r)% #ire$!"&e!e ") $"r%7 L"s re)"$i%es '(e se")"
es!" $%&pr%@"$i? se p(e#e %@ser*"r e e) Gr4>i$% 86 e!r":#% #e)
pr%r"&" ATLASK!i7
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Gr'*ico +0. Se'ecci,n de -ersona'7
L%s res()!"#%s %@!ei#%s #e )" $%&pr%@"$i? #e $"#" (" #e )"s
pr%p%si$i%es % $%s!r($$i%es !e?ri$"s >%r&()"#"s per&i!e p)"!e"r %!r"s
pr%p%si$i%es " p"r!ir #e )"s re)"$i%es #e i!er#epe#e$i"s e!re )"s
$"!e%r:"s #e "4)isis '(e $%>%r&" " )" es!i? #e) !")e!% ir&"#" e s( pri&er" p"r!e re>eri#" " )"
$%eis!e$i" #e !e#e$i"s #e *")%r"$i? #e )" pers%" e )"s
%r"i,"$i%es0 p%r )%s res()!"#%s #e )" $%&pr%@"$i? #e )" Pr%p%si$i? 8
re>eri#" " )" I&p%r!"$i" #e )"s pers%"s0 Pr%p%si$i? 1 re>eri#" ") Tr"!%
I!erpers%") / )%s res()!"#%s #e )" $%&pr%@"$i? #e )" Pr%p%si$i? 6
70
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re>eri#" ") Apr%*e$)(/e e )"s $%#($!"s i#i*i#(")es /
e e) $%&p%r!"&ie!% %r"i,"$i%")7 L" $%>ir&"$i? #e )" se(#" p"r!e#e )" pr%p%si$i?0 $%$erie!e " '(e )" $%eis!e$i" #e "&@"s !e#e$i"s
es!" $%#i$i%"#" p%r e) "&@ie!e %r"i,"$i%")0 se >(#"&e!" e )%s
"spe$!%s #e !ip% $()!(r")0 s%$i") / )e") #e!er&i"#%s e )" re*isi?
#%$(&e!") / %@ser*"#%s p%r e) i*es!i"#%r '(e per&i!e #e$)"r"r+
Prese$i" #e r"s%s #e )" &%#eri#"# '(e !iee '(e *er $% )%s
&%#%s #e i(r"$i? #e )"s pr4$!i$"s
"#&iis!r"!i*"s '(e #e!er&i" e) #ese&pe% #e )"s pers%"s / e)
$%&p%r!"&ie!% %r"i,"$i%")7
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87 L" >i)%s%>:" "#&iis!r"!i*" pre#%&i"!e e )"s %r"i,"$i%es
p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s es!4 #e!er&i"#" p%r e) es!i)% #e "#&iis!r"$i?
"p)i$"#% / p%r )"s >%r&"s #e $%&(i$"$i? %r"i,"$i%") '(e se #es"rr%))"
e )"s %r"i,"$i%es )%s $(")es es!4 i>)(e$i"#%s p%r e) "&@ie!e%r"i,"$i%") / )" $%$ep$i? #e )" pers%" '(e se &"e" e )"
%r"i,"$i?7
Es!" pr%p%si$i? '(e#" $%>ir&"#" e s( pri&er" p"r!e p%r )%s
res()!"#%s #e )" $%&pr%@"$i? #e )" Pr%p%si$i? re>eri#" ") Es!i)% #e
"#&iis!r"$i? / )%s res()!"#%s #e )" $%&pr%@"$i? #e )" Pr%p%si$i? F
re>eri#" " )" C%&(i$"$i? Or"i,"$i%")0 #i$%r&"s #e $%&(i$"$i? %r"i,"$i%") '(e se
#es"rr%))" e )" %r"i,"$i? se $%>i(r" " p"r!ir #e )%s pr%$es%s
#i")?i$%s / $%i!i*%s eperi&e!"#%s p%r )%s e'(ip%s #e pers%"s '(e
)"@%r" e )" %r"i,"$i?0 i(")&e!e )" pr%p%si$i? '(e#" $%rr%@%r"#" p%r
)%s res()!"#%s #e )" $%&pr%@"$i? #e )" Pr%p%si$i? 86 re>eri#" " )"s
!e#e$i"s '(e $%eis!e e )" %r"i,"$i? s%@re )" $%$ep$i? #e )"
pers%"7
897 L" !e$%)%:" e&p)e"#" e )" %r"i,"$i? reper$(!e e )"s
pr4$!i$"s "#&iis!r"!i*"s '(e #e!er&i" e) $%&p%r!"&ie!% #e )"s
%r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s7
L%s res()!"#%s #e )" $%&pr%@"$i? #e )" Pr%p%si$i? 88 re>eri#" ")
M"e% #e )"s TICs0 $%rr%@%r" es!" pr%p%si$i?7 L%s res()!"#%s "!es
&e$i%"#%s s(s!e!" e) #is$(rs% #e '(e )" !e$%)%:" es!4 i>)(/e#% e e)&%#% #e pes"r #e )"s pers%"s / e e) $%&p%r!"&ie!% %r"i,"$i%") )%
$(") se es!4 %@ser*"#% e e) #es"rr%))% #e pr"$!i$"s "#&iis!r"!i*"s '(e se
))e*" " $"@% e )%s pr%$es%s #e $"p"$i!"$i?0 "si"$i? #e $"r%s0
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se)e$$i? #e pers%")0 es!i)% #e "#&iis!r"$i? / $%&(i$"$i?
%r"i,"$i%")7
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CA!&TULO V
CONCLUSIONES
L%s res()!"#%s %@!ei#%s #e) "4)isis p"r" $%&pr%@"r $"#" (" #e )"s
pr%p%si$i%es % $%s!r($$i%es !e?ri$"s '(e se >(er% eer"#% #e)
pr%$es"&ie!% #e )%s #"!%s re$%)e$!"#%s per&i!e resp%#er p%si!i*"&e!e
)"s pre(!"s % i!err%"!es #e )" i*es!i"$i?7
E *ir!(# #e e))% se $%$)(/e '(e )" i*es!i"$i? #es"rr%))"#"
pr%p%r$i%? (" &e!%#%)%:" p"r" pr%#($ir $%s!r($!%s !e?ri$%s $(/"per!ie$i" es!4 $%>ir&"#" p%r )" *")i#e, / $%>i"@i)i#"# #e )%s res()!"#%s
'(e se eer"r% &e#i"!e ( pr%$es% si.ri$% #e #"!%s pr%*eie!es #e )"
re")i#"# es!(#i"#" " !r"*.s #e )"s e!re*is!"s e pr%>(#i#"# " )%s "$!%res
s%$i")es0 #e )" %@ser*"$i? p"r!i$ip"!e i si!( / )" re*isi? #%$(&e!") #e )"
!e&4!i$"7
I(")&e!e se $%$)(/e '(e e) pr%#($!% #e es!" !esis per&i!e
es!"@)e$er (" $%$ep!(")i,"$i? #e )" es!i? #e) !")e!%
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>i")&e!e se $%$)(/e '(e )" !e%r:" #e )" es!i? #e) !")e!%
i$i") *ee,%)"% e e) !r4si!%
&%#eri#"#-p%s!&%#eri#"# " ii$i%s #e si)% XXI0 p%#r:" $%!e!(")i,"rse
e (" si!("$i? re*e)"#%r" '(e i#i$" '(e )" es!i? es!4 &(/ sesi@i)i,"#"" )" $%$ep$i? #e )" pers%" '(e se &"e" e e))"s0 " )" >i)%s%>:"
"#&iis!r"!i*" i&p)"!"#"0 " )" !e$%)%:" e&p)e"#" / ") "&@ie!e
%r"i,"$i%") #%#e >($i%"7 Es!%s "e!es '(e i$i#e s%@re )"s
%r"i,"$i%es se *i$()" e!re si pr%#($ie#% >%r&"s #e (#"&e!" )" re)"$i? er4r'(i$" / )" $%&(i$"$i? %r"i,"$i%") / )"
%$i? #e )" %r"i,"$i? $%&% sis!e&" $% )% $(") se !r"!" #e ep)i$"r e)
se!i#% / e) %r#e #e )" &is&"7 I(")&e!e es!e "&@ie!e %r"i,"$i%")
es!4 &"r$"#% p%r )" e&ere$i" #e r"s%s #e )" p%s!&%#eri#"# '(e se
e*i#e$i" e )" prep%#er"$i" #e )" !ri"()"$i? $%%$i&ie!%-
i>%r&"$i?-$%&(i$"$i? / #e )%s #isp%si!i*%s !e$%)?i$%s '(e )" s%p%r!"7
Es!"s $"r"$!er:s!i$"s #e) "&@ie!e %r"i,"$i%") $%*i*e e )"s
%r"i,"$i%es eer"#% (" !r"s>i(r"$i? #e )"s pr4$!i$"s
"#&iis!r"!i*"s '(e #e!er&i" e) #ese&pe% #e )"s pers%"s / e)
$%&p%r!"&ie!% %r"i,"$i%")7 As: %@ser*"&%s '(e $("#% e) $%$ep!% #e)" pers%" se i$)i" p%r $%si#er"r)" $%&% !")e!%
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$%s!i!(/e!es0 )% $(") se &"i>ies!" p%r e) r"#% #e i&p%r!"$i" '(e se )e #"
'(e % s%)% #e@e re>)e"rse e e) respe!% " s(s #i>ere$i"s i#i*i#(")es si%
'(e #e@e ir " &"/%res $%si#er"$i%es re>eri#"s " s"!is>"$er s(s
e$esi#"#es #e $"p"$i!"$i?0 #e "si"$i? #e $"r%s0 #e *")%r"$i? #e)#ese&pe% / #e p"r!i$ip"$i? e )"s #e$isi%es7 I(")&e!e e es!e
es$e"ri% )"s pers%"s e )"s %r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s
&"i>ies!" $%#($!"s '(e s% repr%#($$i%es #e s(s eperie$i"s s%@re e)
!r"!% '(e per$i@e )"s $(")es p(e#e ser p%si!i*"s $("#% es!"s eperie$i"s
i#i*i#(")es s% s"!is>"$!%ri"s / $("#% % )% s% eer" $%&p%r!"&ie!%s
#e es$ep!i$is&% '(e '(e#" )"!e!es e )%s i#i*i#(%s7 Asi&is&%0 e)
$%%$i&ie!% #e )"s pers%"s es >(#"&e!") e )"s %r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s*ee,%)""s / e @"se " .) se "#%p!" pr4$!i$"s "#&iis!r"!i*"s #e
pr%&%$i? "$$i? #e s( *i#"
%r"i,"$i%")7
E es!e se!i#%0 )" #isp%si$i? p"r" e) !r"@"% &"i>es!"#" p%r )"s
pers%"s e )"s %r"i,"$i%es p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s s(re pri%ri!"ri"&e!ee >($i? #e )"s $%se$(e$i"s '(e !iee p"r" e))"s es"s pr4$!i$"s
"#&iis!r"!i*"s0 si!i.#%se es!i&()"#%s p%r si!("$i%es0 "$!i!(#es0 /
pr%$e#i&ie!%s "#&iis!r"!i*%s '(e )e res()!" r"!%s / pr%#($!i*%s
)"@%r")&e!e7 I(")&e!e e es!e p)"%0 )"s pers%"s e )"s %r"i,"$i%es
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p=@)i$"s *ee,%)""s s% pr%pes"s " i#e!i>i$"rse $% )%s *")%res /
$ree$i"s #e )" %r"i,"$i? $("#% se sie!e i*%)($r"#%s e e) '(e($i? #e )"s )i&i!"$i%es '(e )e i&p%e
)" $()!(r" %r"i,"$i%") / )"s >%r&"s #e $%&(i$"$i? %r"i,"$i%") '(e se#es"rr%))" e )" %r"i,"$i? se $%>i(r" " p"r!ir #e )%s pr%$es%s
#i")?i$%s / $%i!i*%s eperi&e!"#%s p%r )%s e'(ip%s #e pers%"s '(e
)"@%r" e )" &is&"0 !%#% e))% i(")&e!e #epe#ie#% #e) "&@ie!e
%r"i,"$i%") /" #es$ri!% / #e )"s !e#e$i"s '(e $%eis!e e )"
%r"i,"$i? s%@re )" $%$ep$i? #e )" pers%"7 E $%se$(e$i"0 se
%@ser*" '(e e) es!i)% #e "#&iis!r"$i? p(e#e ser "(!%ri!"ri%0 #e $%ses%0
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V"))es0 M7 8FF37 T8cnicas c1a'itativas de investi+aci,n socia'7 M"#ri#0Esp""+ S:!esis7
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ANEBOS
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ANEBO A
GUIN DE ENTREVISTA
DATOS !ERSONALES
NOMBRES APELLIDOS CATEGORA NIVEL DE INSTRUCCIN CARGO UE OCUPA TIEMPO DE SERVICIO DEPENDENCIA
QC?&% sie!e U#70 es e) !r"!% #e )"s pers%"s e )" %r"i,"$i?
QSe )e #" i&p%r!"$i" " )"s pers%"s / se respe!" s(s #i>ere$i"si#i*i#(")es
QSe "pr%*e$
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ANEBO #
TRANSCRI!CIONES DE LAS ENTREVISTAS REALIZADAS
ADINISTRATIVOS
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In/ormante N= >7Ieier% #e Sis!e&"s
A i*e) pers%") $%&% !")0
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In/ormante N= >;7Ieier% N"*")
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