Fisología de La Digestion en Rumiantes

8/12/2019 Fisologa de La Digestion en Rumiantes

1/58

FISOLOGA DE LA DIGESTION ENRUMIANTES

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

29/05/2014 Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.


2/58

Basic Functional Anatomyof the Digestive System

Ruminants



3/58

Digestive TractBeef Cattle

Esophagus

Rumen

Omasum

Reticulum

Abomasum

Pancreas

Liver

Gallbladder

Cecum

Small intestine

Largeintestine

Rectum



4/58



5/58



6/58

Organs of the Digestive SystemRuminants

Mouth, esophagus, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, small

intestine, and large intestine have functions similar

to monogastrics.

Stomach

Structure and function of the stomach is the major

difference between monogastrics and ruminants.

Multi-compartmented stomachrumen, reticulum,

omasum, abomasum.



7/58



8/58



9/58



10/58



11/58



12/58



13/58

Parts of the Ruminant Stomach

Reticulum:

Contains microorganisms (like the rumen).

Provides additional area for fermentation.

As fermentation by microorganisms proceed and

feedstuffs are digested, smaller and more dense material is

pushed into the reticulum (from which it along with

microbe-laden liquid is ejected into the omasum).



14/58



15/58


Reticulum (continued):

Lining has a honeycomb structure.

Catches and holds hardware

consumed by animal.

Hardware can be removed with rumen

magnate.



16/58

Reticulum - full


17/58

Reticulum - cleaned


18/58



19/58



20/58


Rumen:

Large, anaerobic fermentation vat.

Rumen Capacity

Species Normal capacity Maximum capacity

Cow (1000 lb) 25-30 gallons 55-60 gallons

Ewe (150 lb) 3-5 gallons 5-10 gallons

29/05/2014

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.


21/58


Rumen (continued):

Houses microorganisms.

Protozoa100,000 per gram of rumen fluid.

Bacteria/fungi100 million per gram of rumen fluid.

Functions of microorganisms.

Digest roughages to make Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), make

microbial protein, and make vitamins K and B-complex.

VFAs absorbed in rumen.



22/58


Rumen (continued):

Lined with millions of

papillae (short projections

on wall of rumen) needed

for absorption.

Shag carpet appearance



23/58

Papillae in Rumen


24/58

Papillae in Rumen


25/58


Taken from Digestive Physiology of Herbivoreshttp://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/

Rumen (continued):

Rumen saturated withgases and in constantmotion.

Contractions occur at arate of 1-3 per minute.

Serve to mix contents, aid ineructation of gases, andmove fluid and fermented

feedstuffs into the omasum.



26/58



27/58



28/58



29/58



30/58



31/58


Rumination:Ruminants are well known for cud chewing.

Rumination involves:

Bolus of previously eaten foodstuff carried back into the mouth by

reverse peristalsis.

Fluid in bolus is squeezed out with the tongue and reswallowed.

Bolus is rechewed and reswallowed.

Rumination may occupy about 1/3 ofa ruminants day



32/58



33/58



34/58


Eructation (belching):Fermentation of foodstuffs in the rumen generates

enormous quantities of gas.

30-50 liters per hour in adult cattle.

5-7 liters per hour in adult sheep or goats.

Belching is how ruminants get rid of fermentation gases:

Anything that causes a hindrance to belching can be life

threatening.Bloating can result in death from asphyxiation.



35/58



36/58


Omasum:A heavy, hard organ with a lining

that has many folds (leaves).

Function not well understood.

Believed to produce a grinding

action on foodstuffs.

May absorb residual VFAs and

bicarbonate.



37/58

Omasum - full


38/58



39/58



40/58


Abomasum:The true, glandular stomach.

Secretes acids and functions very

similarly to monogastric stomach.

Unique feature is that it secretes

lysozyme.

Enzyme that efficiently breaks down

bacterial cell walls.

Needed to break down the large

quantities of bacteria that pass from the

rumen.



41/58

Abomasuminside view


42/58

Small Intestine - where most of the food material

is absorbed into the bloodstream

Contains three sections:

duodenum

jejunum

ileum



43/58

The food material is continually squeezed as

it is moved through the small intestine,

becoming more solid.

The majority of the food material absorptionoccurs in the duodenum and the jejunum.



44/58

FUNCIONES GASTROINTESTINALES



45/58



46/58

Large Intestine - begins to prepare unused food

material for removal from the body

a portion of the large intestine in someanimals contain pouches that may contain

enzymes for further species-specific digestion

(horses and rabbits (cecum)).



47/58

Colon- collects the unused food material that is to

be removed from the body

Rectum- poop chute

Anus- opening through which the waste isremoved.

Controlled by sphincter muscles, that also help

protect the opening.



48/58


49/58



50/58



51/58



52/58



53/58



54/58



55/58



56/58



57/58



58/58

Fisología de La Digestion en Rumiantes

Documents

Transcript of Fisología de La Digestion en Rumiantes