Cbse term - 1

★ Tenses Hacks★ Modals Hacks★ Subject Verb Concord Hacks★ Determiners Hacks★ Reported Speech Hacks

1. Sakshi Sinha2. Devyani3. Khushi4. Jaswant Siva5. Harsh 6. Anushka Trehan7. Priyasha Sharma8. Yashvi9. Catherine Rony10. Nandini Phartyal

In my class you will learn to Be a Reader, a Writer and an Achiever.

Amit Rohra English

● 10+ Years of teaching experience.

● Taught & mentored more than 40,000 students.

★ Grammar Syllabus

➔ Tenses

➔ Modals

➔ Subject-Verb Concord

➔ Determiner

➔ Reported Speech

Tenses

Tenses is one of the vital parts of the English

grammar. Students can score perfectly if they are

aware of the tenses rules and avoid mistakes. To

memorize and understand the Tenses rules here is

a tabulated representation.

Tense Tense Rules

Past Simple Tense Subject + V2 + Object

Tense Tense Rules

Past Simple Tense Subject + V2 + Object

Past Perfect Tense Subject + Had + V3 + Object

Tense Tense Rules

Past Simple Tense Subject + V2 + Object

Past Perfect Tense Subject + Had + V3 + Object

Past Continuous Tense Subject + was + V1 + ing + Object (Singular)

Subject + were + V1 + ing + Object (Plural)

Tense Tense Rules

Past Simple Tense Subject + V2 + Object

Past Perfect Tense Subject + Had + V3 + Object

Past Continuous Tense Subject + was + V1 + ing + Object (Singular)

Subject + were + V1 + ing + Object (Plural)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + had been + V1 + ing + Object

Tense Tense Rules

Present Simple Tense Subject + V1 + s/es + Object (Singular)

Subject + V1 + Object (Plural)

Tense Tense Rules

Present Simple Tense Subject + V1 + s/es + Object (Singular)

Subject + V1 + Object (Plural)

Present Perfect Tense Subject + has + V3 + Object (Singular)

Subject + have + V3 + Object (Plural)

Tense Tense Rules

Present Simple Tense Subject + V1 + s/es + Object (Singular)

Subject + V1 + Object (Plural)

Present Perfect Tense Subject + has + V3 + Object (Singular)

Subject + have + V3 + Object (Plural)

Present Continuous Tense

Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + object

Tense Tense Rules

Present Perfect Tense Subject + has + V3 + Object (Singular)

Subject + have + V3 + Object (Plural)

Present Continuous Tense

Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + object

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + has been + V1 + ing + Object

(Singular)

Subject + have been + V1 + ing + Object

(Plural)

Tense Tense Rules

Future Simple Tense Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object

Tense Tense Rules

Future Simple Tense Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object

Future Perfect Tense Subject + will have/shall have + V3 +

Object

Tense Tense Rules

Future Simple Tense Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object

Future Perfect Tense Subject + will have/shall have + V3 +

Object

Future Continuous Tense

Subject + will be/shall be + ing + V1 + Object

Tense Tense Rules

Future Simple Tense Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object

Future Perfect Tense Subject + will have/shall have + V3 +

Object

Future Continuous Tense

Subject + will be/shall be + ing + V1 + Object

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + will have been + V1 + ing +

Object

Modals

● Here are the three basic rules to follow to

avoid the common mistakes that are made

with the modal verbs.

1. Use the modal verb as is.

Don’t change its form and turn it into the present,

future, or past forms. Don’t add anything to it. You

can’t add s, ed, or ing.

Modals

● Here are the three basic rules to follow to

avoid the common mistakes that are made

with the modal verbs.2. Use the base form of the verb after a modal.

Don’t use “to” or the full infinitive verb “to”.

Modals

● Here are the three basic rules to follow to

avoid the common mistakes that are made

with the modal verbs.3. If you need to use modals in the negative

form, then use only “not” AFTER the modal verb.

Don’t add any extra words anymore. So,

don’t use words like “isn’t”, “doesn’t”,

“don’t”, “won’t”, “wasn’t”, “aren’t”.

Subject - Verb ConcordThese are some important points you need to keep in mind for this topic:

Subject - Verb ConcordThese are some important points you need to keep in mind for this topic:

● Subject: Doer of the verb.

Subject - Verb ConcordThese are some important points you need to keep in mind for this topic:

● Subject: Doer of the verb.● Object: Receiver of the Verb

Subject - Verb ConcordThese are some important points you need to keep in mind for this topic:

● Subject: Doer of the verb.● Object: Receiver of the Verb● Verb: Action or state in a sentence.

Subject - Verb ConcordThese are some important points you need to keep in mind for this topic:

● Subject: Doer of the verb.● Object: Receiver of the Verb● Verb: Action or state in a sentence.● Basic rule of subject verb agreement: A

subject must agree with its verb in number.

Subject - Verb ConcordThese are some important points you need to keep in mind for this topic:

● Subject: Doer of the verb.● Object: Receiver of the Verb● Verb: Action or state in a sentence.● Basic rule of subject verb agreement: A

subject must agree with its verb in number.

This has two implications:

1. A singular subject takes a singular verb.

Subject - Verb ConcordThese are some important points you need to keep in mind for this topic:

● Subject: Doer of the verb.● Object: Receiver of the Verb● Verb: Action or state in a sentence.● Basic rule of subject verb agreement: A

subject must agree with its verb in number.

This has two implications:

1. A singular subject takes a singular verb.2. Plural subjects take plural verbs.

● Subject-Verb Agreement: Advanced Tricks

➔ Trick 1: Some indefinite pronouns are

considered singular and require singular

verb forms.

The following is the list of indefinite pronouns:

anyone, anybody, anything, No one, nobody,

nothing, someone, somebody, something,

everyone, everybody, everything, whatever and

whoever.

Example: Everyone wants to watch the movie.

(Notice the singular verb 'wants' in this case).

● Subject-Verb Agreement: Advanced Tricks

Trick 2: Five indefinite pronouns can be either

singular or plural, depending on the usage.

Which are these pronouns? These are the SANAM

pronouns: Some, Any, None, All, More / Most. You

can use this handy mnemonic, SANAM, to keep

this in mind.

Now the important thing is the basis on which we decide whether the noun is singular or plural. There is one simple rule that is followed here:

■ If the noun is a countable noun (nouns for which the plural form exists), then the verb is plural.

■ If the noun is an uncountable noun (nouns for which only the singular forms exists), then the verb is singular.

Example:

Sentence 1: Some of the girls are going out.

Sentence 2: Most of the money was lost.

Determiners

In the English language, we use determiners to

provide information about a noun or to introduce

a noun.

Determiners ➔ Tips for using Determiners:1. Determiners always come first in the noun

phrase.

Determiners ➔ Tips for using Determiners:1. Determiners always come first in the noun

phrase.2. Determiners are required with singular

nouns.

Determiners ➔ Tips for using Determiners:1. Determiners always come first in the noun

phrase.2. Determiners are required with singular

nouns.3. To speak about a singular noun generally,

use an indefinite article (a or an).

Determiners ➔ Tips for using Determiners:1. Determiners always come first in the noun

phrase.2. Determiners are required with singular

nouns.3. To speak about a singular noun generally,

use an indefinite article (a or an).4. To speak about a plural noun generally, do

not use a determiner.

Determiners ➔ Tips for using Determiners:1. Determiners always come first in the noun

phrase.2. Determiners are required with singular

nouns.3. To speak about a singular noun generally,

use an indefinite article (a or an).4. To speak about a plural noun generally, do

not use a determiner.5. To speak about a singular noun specifically,

use a definite article, demonstrative pronoun, possessive pronoun, or quantifier.

Determiners ➔ Tips for using Determiners:1. Determiners always come first in the noun

phrase.2. Determiners are required with singular

nouns.3. To speak about a singular noun generally,

use an indefinite article (a or an).4. To speak about a plural noun generally, do

not use a determiner.5. To speak about a singular noun specifically,

use a definite article, demonstrative pronoun, possessive pronoun, or quantifier.

6. To speak about a plural noun specifically, use a definite article, demonstrative pronoun, possessive pronoun, or quantifier.

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

1. Conversion Rules as per the Reporting Verb

a. When the reporting or principal verb is

in the Past Tense, all Present tenses of

the direct are changed into the

corresponding Past Tenses.

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

1. Conversion Rules as per the Reporting Verb

a. When the reporting or principal verb is in the

Past Tense, all Present tenses of the direct

are changed into the corresponding Past

Tenses.

b. If the reporting verb is in the Present or

Future Tense, the tenses of the Direct

Speech do not change.

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

2. Conversion Rules of Present Tense in Direct

Speech

a. Simple Present Changes to Simple Past

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

2. Conversion Rules of Present Tense in Direct

Speech

a. Simple Present Changes to Simple Past

b. Present Continuous Changes to Past

Continuous

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

2. Conversion Rules of Present Tense in Direct

Speech

a. Simple Present Changes to Simple Past

b. Present Continuous Changes to Past

Continuous

c. Present Perfect Changes to Past Perfect

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

2. Conversion Rules of Present Tense in Direct

Speech

a. Simple Present Changes to Simple Past

b. Present Continuous Changes to Past

Continuous

c. Present Perfect Changes to Past Perfect

d. Present Perfect Continuous Changes to Past

Perfect Continuous

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

3. Conversion Rules of Past & Future Tense

a. Simple Past Changes to Past Perfect

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

3. Conversion Rules of Past & Future Tense

a. Simple Past Changes to Past Perfect

b. Past Continuous Changes to Past

Perfect Continuous

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

3. Conversion Rules of Past & Future Tense

a. Simple Past Changes to Past Perfect

b. Past Continuous Changes to Past

Perfect Continuous

c. Future Changes to Present Conditional

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

3. Conversion Rules of Past & Future Tense

a. Simple Past Changes to Past Perfect

b. Past Continuous Changes to Past

Perfect Continuous

c. Future Changes to Present Conditional

d. Future Continuous Changes to

Conditional Continuous

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

4. Changes in Modals

a. CAN changes into COULD

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

4. Changes in Modals

a. CAN changes into COULD

b. MAY changes into MIGHT

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

4. Changes in Modals

a. CAN changes into COULD

b. MAY changes into MIGHT

c. MUST changes into HAD TO/WOULD

HAVE TO

Reported Speech

● Tips on Direct & Indirect Speech:

4. Changes in Modals

a. CAN changes into COULD

b. MAY changes into MIGHT

c. MUST changes into HAD TO/WOULD

HAVE TO

d. Modals that DO NOT Change: Would,

Could, Might, Should, Ought to.

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