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TURBOMACHINES
Irvin CentenoAndy Cryan
Peter Van DusenHengte Lin
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Introduction
1. What are Turbomachines?
2. Basic energy and dynamic considerations
3. Pumps4. Turbines
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Turbomachines
Pumps: add energy to the fluid byexerting shaft torque
Turbines: extract energy from the the fluidand produce shaft power
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Structural Design
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Turbomachine Flow
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Basic Energy Considerations
We denote the blade speed as U = r The relative velocity is denoted as W
The absolute fluid velocity is denotedV
V = W + U
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Basic Energy Considerations
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Basic Angular MomentumConsiderations
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The Centrifugal Pump
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Axial and Mixed Flow Pumps
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Fans
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Turbines
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Compressible Flow Turbomachines
Density of the fluid (a gas or vapor) changessignificantly from the inlet to the outlet of thecompressible flow machines.
Compressors are pumps that add energy to thefluid, causing a significant pressure rise and acorresponding significant increase in density.
Compressible flow turbines remove energy fromthe fluid, causing a lower pressure and a smallerdensity at the outlet than at the inlet.
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Compressors
Since there is a significant pressure anddensity increase, there is also a considerabletemperature increase.
Two main types: Radial Flow (centrifugal) Compressor Axial Flow Compressor
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Centrifugal Compressor
Typically high pressure rise, low flowrate, andaxially compact turbomachines.
Total Pressure Ratio: PR = p02
/p01
Multiple Stage: PR n
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Axial Flow Compressor
Lower pressure rise per stage, a higherflowrate, and is more radially compact than acentrifugal compressor.
The blades in an axial-flow compressor areairfoils carefully designed to produceappropriate lift and drag forces on the flowinggas
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Compressible Flow Turbines
Two main types: Radial Flow (centrifugal) Compressor Axial Flow Compressor
Radial Flow advantages: It is robust and durable, it isaxially compact, and it can be relatively inexpensive.
Axial Flow advantages: Higher Effieciency, widely
used.
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Automotive Turbocharger
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Turbocharging
Ceramic blades are used in automotiveturbochargers
Waste Gates are used to bypass the pressureinto the turbine blades
Intercoolers cool the air from the compressorunit to make it more dense and contain moremolecules
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Twin turbo Supercharger
Bi turbo twin charging Effieciencies of turbo Intercooler, blow-off, waste gate
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Conclusion