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Representing time: Tense and Temporal
Adjuncts
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Grupos verbais
1 - They arrived2 - They have arrived
3 - They had arrived
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Grupos verbais
1 - They arrived Absolute tense = passado2 - They have arrived
3 - They had arrived
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Grupos verbais
1 - They arrived at 3 P.M., on the 31st
ofAgust
2 - They have arrived
3 - They had arrived
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Grupos verbais
1 - They arrived2 - They have arrived Past in the present
3 - They had arrived
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Grupos verbais
1 - They arrived2 - They have arrived
3 - They had arrived Past in the past
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Relative future
A noo de futuro relativo pode ser expressa,dentre outras formas, por formas verbais como
be+going to. Exemplo.:
Future in present He is going to walk.Future in past was going to walk.
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Relative future
A noo de futuro relativo pode ser expressa,dentre outras formas, por formas verbais como
be+going to. Exemplo.:
Future in present He isgoing to walk.Future in past was going to walk.
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Tense and Modals
Could, might, should and wouldCan, may, shall and will
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Ex.:
I can't move it.
He told me that he couldn't move it.
He may not come
I knew that he might not come
I'll help you
He said that he would help us.
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Ex.:
I can'tmove it.
He told me that he couldn't move it.
He may not come
I knew that he might not come
I'll help you
He said that he would help us.
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Ex.:
I can't move it.
He told me that he couldn't move it.
He maynot come
I knew that he mightnot come
I'll help you
He said that he would help us.
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Ex.:
I can't move it.
He told me that he couldn't move it.
He may not come
I knew that he might not come
I'llhelp you
He said that he wouldhelp us.
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Tense and Modals
Could, might, shouldand would
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Tenses in Context
Tense selections in narratives
Narratives are typically associatedwith past tenses
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Simple past
Last week I saw something very funny at the
zoo. A man walked up to a cage and looked at
a monkey inside. Suddenly, the monkey
snatched the mansglasses and put them on...
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Past perfect
In light of the figure he was to become, it was
a small irony that he almost hadntmade it to
Vietnam. The plane he should have taken in
March 1962, with ninety-three other officers
and men, had disappeared over Pacific...
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Past continuous
When I set out the sun was shining and I
didnthave a care in the world.
I was trembling and aware of being
overwhelmed by a familiar feeling...
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Tenses selections in descriptions
Descriptions of people, places, and things...
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Simple present
The best known of New Zealandsbirds is the
Kiwi...
Kiwis have no wings...
Present perfect
Now it has been discovered by the world.
Now officially a part of the French patrimony, ithas been classified as a monument
historique...
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Present perfect
After the bottles have been thoroughly
washed, they are dried and...
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Tense selections in predictions
Texts which are centrally concerned with
prediction of future events are typically
associated with the future tenses.
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By the end of the century, text retrieva l Will
have become a relatively stable computer
technology, and the information community
will be grappling with the management ofimage databases...
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Tense selections in conversation
Conversation is a rather loose term for various
kinds of interactive informal spoken language
and is here used to also include dialogue
quoted within narratives.
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Present continuous
Theyrestill trying to figure out what it all means.
Simple present:
Yes, dontworry about it.
The use of going to (or gonna) to refer to future events(future in present)
According to the program, Apache Indiansgonna be on about
eight.
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Learning and teaching tenses
Many learners have considerable difficulty whith
the English tense system. As with other areas of
the grammar, difficulties may arise from the
nature of the system itself or from differencesbetweem English and the learners mother
tongue.
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Chinese is one of the languages which has only
aspect and no tense. For exemple, the sentence:
They come PERFECTIVE after what all alright PERFECTIVE
Tamen lai le yihou shemme dou tuodang le.
After he comes itllbe okay or after he came, it was okay
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Italian tends to extend the use of the passato
prossimo to any process located in the relatively
recent past.
Yesterday (I) have drunk too much wine
Ieri ho bevuto troppo vino.
Yesterday I drank too much wine.
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Some learners also tend to use continuos tense
inappropriately with mental and relationalprocesses, for example:
*I am seeing a dog and two cats.
(describing a picture)
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Circumstancial Adjuncts of time
Duration in Tme:
Ex.: For many years, as he worked in the monasterygardens, he carried out...
Location in time:
Ex.:Peggy arrived at about 8:30.
Frequence in time:
Ex.: Meng and I found ourselves in the same classevery year.
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Conjunctive Adjuncts of time
First she tasted the porridge from Papa Bears
great big bowl. But is was too hot for her.
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Interpersonal Adjuncts of time
Free at last! Free at last! Thank God almighty
we are free at last!