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\d|}nof mn Dcjkqofldüc
rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlfmn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|
(\DGEDO$
Ofc~fe mn Rqklnmdodnc}k|
Qnrðaedlf mn Cdlfqfg~f
Odcd|}nqdk mn \fe~m
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO ODCD\]NQDK MN \FE^M
Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc
rfqf ef gn|}dkc ekgï|}dlf
mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|% \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn
Rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
Mdqnlldüc0
Edl# Ofqgfqd}f G~qmdæc Odcd|}qf mn \fe~m Cdlfqfg~f
Mq# D|qfne Ikc}kqkz|it Zdlnodcd|}qk mn \fe~m Cdlfqfg~f
Mdqnlldüc ]älcdlf0
Mq# \nqgdk Rfefldk Odqfcmf Mdqnl}kq Gncnqfe% Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|% ODC\F#
Mq# K|lfq Fqæ~p Ræqfok Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|% ODC\F#
Mqf# N}hne Rfefldk| Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|% ODC\F#
Frktk ]älcdlk0
Mqf# Lfqkedcf Fqæ~p F|n|kqf Qn|dmnc}n% Rqktnl}k @\D+MNEDZNQ+^\FDM#
Mq# Lfqek| \æncp Lkkqmdcfmkq Rqkln|k| DONK\ O\H+RQKCDLF\\#
Mq# @n|ð| Aefcmüc Lkc|~e}kq O\H+RQKCDLF\\#
N|}n mkl~onc}k hf |dmk nefakqfmk lkc ne frktk }älcdlk t jdcfcldnqk mn ek| Rqktnl}k| MNEDZNQ nc j~cldüc mne lkc}qf}k Ck#
HQC/L/22/44/22216/22 lkc @khc \ckw% Dcl# (@\D$ t RQKCDLF\\ nc j~cldüc mne lkc}qf}k Ck# ///////////////// lkc Ofcfgnonc}\ldncln| jkq Hnfe}h (O\H$% ek| l~fen| |kc jdcfcldfmk| rkq ef Fgncldf mn ek| N|}fmk| ^cdmk| rfqf ne Mn|fqqkeek Dc}nqcfldkcfe(^\FDM$#
©Ef| krdcdkcn| mne f~}kq(n|$ nxrqn|fmf| nc n|}f r~aedlfldüc% ck cnln|fqdfonc}n qnjen`fc ef| krdcdkcn| mn ef Fgncldf mn ek|N|}fmk| ^cdmk| rfqf ne Mn|fqqkeek Dc}nqcfldkcfe k mne Gkadnqck mn ek| N|}fmk| ^cdmk|#¹
Md|nök gqæjdlk0 Dzæc Kedzfqn| Okqfen|% Dorqn|düc0 Xnqkx n DCRF\F% Ofcg~f% Cdlfqfg~f% @~cdk mn 122:#
N
e Odcd|}nqdk mn \fe~m (ODC\F$ ~}dedpf mdjnqnc}n| dc|}q~onc}k| mn
dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef qnlkenlldüc mn mf}k|# Hf|}f ne fök 122< ne
ODC\F lkc}faf lkc : |d|}nof| ekgï|}dlk| ek| v~n hfc j~cldkcfmkmn ofcnqf rfqfenef fe |d|}nof }qfmdldkcfe mn |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok|#
Lfmf |d|}nof k rqkgqfof }dncn |~| rqkrdk| jkqof}k| k dc|}q~onc}k|% v~n
|n norenfc nc ek| cdznen| mn \DEFD\% O~cdldrdk|% Lnc}qk| t R~n|}k|# Ek|
rqkln|k| mn |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok|% qnlnrldüc% md|}qda~ldüc t qngd|}qk mn ef
dcjkqofldüc |kc mdjnqnc}n| t l~nc}fc lkc qn|rkc|faen| mdjnqnc}n|#
N|}f |d}~fldüc hf klf|dkcfmk f cdzne eklfe t lnc}qfe ef lkc|nl~nc}n
m~redldmfm mn dcjkqofldüc% mdjdl~e}fmn| mn lkkqmdcfldüc t lko~cdlfldüc%
f}qf|k| nc ne rqkgqfof% a~qklqfldf nc ef| gn|}dkcn| fmodcd|}qf}dzf| rfqf
f~}kqdpfldüc t qn}dqk mn rnmdmk|# \~ofcmk f n|}k% ne lkc|nl~nc}n rqkaenof
nc ne lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk|% mfmk v~n ne ofcn`k mn feg~ck| rqkm~l}k| ck
rf|f rkq ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|#
Mn lfqf f n|}f |d}~fldüc% ne Rqktnl}k @\D/MNEDZNQ hf frktfmk nc
rqdonqf dc|}fcldf ne rqkln|k mn hkokgncndpfldüc mn ef md|}qda~ldüc mn
ek| fc}dlkclnr}dzk| lkc dc|~ok| oämdlk|9 |dc noafqgk n| cnln|fqdk
hkokgncdpfq fmnoæ| ek| dc|}q~onc}k| mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf }kmk| ek|
dc|~ok| oämdlk|% qn}kofcmk ef| jkq}fenpf| mn lfmf ~ck mn ek| |d|}nof|
nxd|}nc}n|# N| f|ï v~n f dcdldk| mne 122> |n zfedmfqkc t fredlfqkc n|}k|
c~nzk| dc|}q~onc}k| nc 1 \DEFD\ mn rfï|#
Ek| qn|~e}fmk| hfc |dmk |f}d|jfl}kqdk| rkq ek v~n ef Mdqnlldüc Ckqofldüc
mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| hf mnldmdmk n|}fcmfqdpfqek| rfqf }kmk| ek| dc|~ok|
oämdlk| t of}nqdfe mn qnrk|dldüc9 rqkln|k v~n |n n|}æ mn|fqqkeefcmk lkc eff|d|}ncldf }älcdlf mn ek| Rqktnl}k| @\D/MNEDZNQ t O\H/RQKCDLF\\#
Rqn|nc}fldüc
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
Dc}qkm~lldüc
Ne j~cldkcfodnc}k fmnl~fmk mn ~c |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk% rnqod}n
kr}dodpfq ef gn|}düc fmodcd|}qf}dzf% }kofq mnld|dkcn| rfqf neofcn`k rqn|~r~n|}fqdk% on`kqfq ne lkc}qke mn ek| dc|~ok| t
lkc}fq lkc ~c |d|}nof mn md|}qda~ldüc njdldnc}n% v~n rnqod}f v~n
ek| dc|~ok| |n ncl~nc}qnc nc ek| n|}faenldodnc}k| mn |fe~m rfqf rkmnq
|f}d|jflnq ef mnofcmf mn ek| ~|~fqdk| (f|$#
Ne rqn|nc}n ―Ofc~fe mn Rqklnmdodnc}k| rfqf ne Ofcn`k mne \d|}nof mn
Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|‟% lkc|}d}~tn ef
hnqqfodnc}f v~n lkc}qda~dqæ f jflded}fq ne }qfaf`k mn ek| qn|rkc|faen| mne
|d|}nof ekgï|}dlk nc ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen| mn f}ncldüc# Aqdcmf dcjkqofldüc
flnqlf mn ef ekgï|}dlf t ek| rqkln|k| v~n |n mnanc |ng~dq rfqf qngd|}qfq%
fcfedpfq t nczdfq ef dcjkqofldüc ekgï|}dlf v~n rnqod}f }kofq mnld|dkcn| nc
lfmf ~ck mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen| mne ODC\F#
Ne ~|k mn jkqof}k| ðcdlk| rfqf okzdodnc}k t |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok|
oämdlk| rnqod}n fe rnq|kcfe mn ef Mdqnlldüc mn Dc|~ok| rkmnq kr}dodpfq
}dnork% nzd}fq m~redldmfm mn mf}k| t md|odc~dq gf|}k| mn rfrnenqïf9 fe
od|ok ck| rnqod}dqæ lkc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc aæ|dlf rfqf ef| n|}dofldkcn|
mn cnln|dmfmn| mn lfqf f on`kqfq ne rqkln|k mn fmv~d|dldüc mn dc|~ok|
rkq rfq}n mne Cdzne Lnc}qfe#
Dcmdln
Dc }qkm~lldüc >
Ka `n }d zk Gncnqfe t Ka `n }d zk| N|rnlï jdlk| :
\d| }nof Ekgï| }dlk mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| 7
\d| }nof mn Dc jkqofldüc rfqf ef
Gn| }düc Ekgï| }dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| 6<
\d| }nof mn Faf| }nldodnc }k >6
Fegkqd}ok| rfqf ne j e~ `k mn ef Dc j kqofldüc >=
Okcd }kqnk t \~rnq zd|düc >4
Qn|rkc|fadedmfmn| rfqf ne \DGEDO
|ngðc cdznen| mn qn|ke~ldüc :<
Adaedkgqf jïf :4
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|
6Lkc}qda~dq f ef kr}dodpfldüc mn ef
gn|}düc fmodcd|}qf}dzf mn ef Mdqnlldüc
mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| f }qfzä| mne
kq}fenldodnc}k mn ef| lfrfldmfmn| mne
rnq|kcfe qn|rkc|faen mne ofcn`k mne
|d|}nof ekgï|}dlk mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|#
6# Aqdcmfq lkckldodnc}k| }nüqdlk|
aæ|dlk| flnqlf mn ef Ekgï|}dlf
1# Rqn|nc}fq ek| dc|}q~onc}k| mn
dckqofldüc v~n norenf ne |d|}nof
mn dckqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc
ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|
(\DGEDO$#
<# Ok|}qfq ne j~`k lkqqnl}k mn ef
nc}qngf mn |kedld}~m t ef rk|}nqdkq
md|}qda~ldüc mn ek| rnmdmk| f ef|
~cdmfmn| rqn|}fmkqf| mn |nqzdldk|#
=# N|}faenlnq ef| qn|rkc|fadedmfmn|
nc lfmf ~ck mn ek| cdznen| mn
qn|ke~ldüc#
Ka`n}dzk Gncnqfe Ka`n}dzk|
N|rnlïjlk|0
\DGEDO
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
6# \d|}nof ekgï|}dlk
Ne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk lkc|}d}~tn ~cf hnqqfodnc}f aæ|dlf nc ef gnqncldf mn ek||nqzdldk| mn |fe~m% tf v~n rnqod}n nzfe~fq t okcd}kqnfq ek| cdznen| fmnl~fmk|mn nxd|}ncldf| mn rqkm~l}k| t ne lkc|~ok mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| dc|~ok| oämdlk|9 f}qfzä| mn ~cf dcjkqofldüc znqfp% krkq}~cf t lkcjdfaen% cnln|fqdf rfqf ne fcæed|d|t ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn|9 rkq lkc|dg~dnc}n ~cf hnqqfodnc}f j~cmfonc}fe rfqfaqdcmfq ~cf f}ncldüc lkc lfedmfm#
Ne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk qnv~dnqn mne }qfaf`k lkkqmdcfmk nc}qn ne
cdzne lnc}qfe% \DEFD\ t cdznen| eklfen|#
6#6 Ekgï|}dlf
‡ Mncdldüc mn Ekgï|}dlf0
N| ne lkc`~c}k mn fl}dzdmfmn| v~n lkc}qda~tnc f gfqfc}dpfq ef md|rkcdadedmfm
krkq}~cf mn dc|~ok| rfqf ef rqn|}fldüc mn |nqzdldk| f ek(f$|# ~|~fqdk(f$|#
‡ Rqkrü|d}k mne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk;
Ne rqkrü|d}k mn ~c |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk n| f|ng~qfq ne |~odcd|}qk mn dc|~ok|%qn|~odäcmk|n nc ne l~oredodnc}k mn ek| \nd| Rqdcldrdk| k ek| \nd| ―Lkqqnl}k|‟#
Ne rqkrü|d}k mne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk n| F\NG^QFQ NE \^ODCD\]QK mn0
Ek| DC\^OK\ LKQQNL]K\
Nc ef| LFC]DMFMN\ LKQQNL]F\
Nc ef LKCMDLDKC LKQQNL]F
Nc ne E^GFQ LKQQNL]K
Nc ne ]DNORK LKQQNL]K
Fe LK\]K LKQQNL]K
\DGEDO \DGEDO
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO62
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO 66Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
Rkeï}dlf F}ncldücfe ^|~fqdk(f$
\DGEDOOkcd}kqnk mne \d|}nof
Feoflncfodnc}k Qnl~q|k| H~ofck| \nenlldüc mnt Md|}qda~ldüc Rqn|~r~n|}k Rqkm~l}k|
\~rnqzd|düc
N|}dofldüc tFmv~d|dldüc Fmfr}fadedmfm
N| dorkq}fc}n |nöfefq v~n0
‡ ]kmf| ef| fl}dzdmfmn| ekgï|}dlf|% |n ncl~nc}qfc nc feg~cf n}frf mne ldlek% rkq ek}fc}k ek| qn|rkc|faen| mn ef| od|of| mnanc }qfaf`fq lkkqmdcfmfonc}n rfqf v~n―ek| n|efakcn| mn n|}f lfmncf‟ j~cldkcnc fmnl~fmfonc}n#
‡ Ef| fl}dzdmfmn| v~n |n ncl~nc}qfc nc ne lnc}qk mne ldlek ekgï|}dlk% |kcfl}dzdmfmn| mn frktk fmodcd|}qf}dzk% v~n }foadäc |kc n|ncldfen| rfqf nej~cldkcfodnc}k mne |d|}nof#
Lkorkcnc}n| mne Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk0
f# F}ncldüc fe ^|~fqdk(f$0
Lkc|}d}~tn ne n|efaüc rqdokqmdfe mne Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk% l~tf jdcfedmfm n| v~n ek|~|~fqdk| (f|$ mn ek| |nqzdldk| mn |fe~m }ncgfc flln|k krkq}~ck f ek| dc|~ok| v~ncnln|d}fc#
a# \nenlldüc mn Rqkm~l}k|0
N| ef n}frf nc v~n ef dc|}d}~ldüc k rqkgqfof% |nenlldkcf ek| dc|~ok| v~n zf fkjqnlnq f |~| ~|~fqdk|% }kofcmk nc l~nc}f ek| |dg~dnc}n| f|rnl}k|0
‡ Rqkgqfof| t |nqzdldk|#
‡ Lfqfl}nqï|}dlf| l~e}~qfen|% |kldfen| n dcmdzdm~fen| mn ef| rnq|kcf|
‡ ]ncmncldf| mn lkc|~ok mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| dc|~ok|
l# N|}dofldüc mn Cnln|dmfmn| t Fmv~d|dldüc0
Ef n|}dofldüc n| ef n}frf nc ef l~fe ek| rfï|n|% n|}faenlnc ef| cnln|dmfmn| mn ek|dc|~ok| f fmv~dqdq }kofcmk nc l~nc}f0
‡ Qnv~nqdodnc}k| mn ek| md|}dc}k| rqkgqfof| t+k |nqzdldk|
‡ ]drk mn Dc|~ok
‡ lkc|~ok
‡ Jqnl~ncldf mn rnmdmk|
‡ Lfc}dmfmn| nc \}kli
‡ Lfc}dmfmn| cnln|d}fmf|#
Nc k}qf| rfefaqf|% ne rnq|kcfe qn|rkc|faen v~nofcn`f ek| dc|~ok| cnln|d}f mn}nqodcfq
L~æc}k (lfc}dmfm t lk|}k$
Mn l~æen| (dc|~ok|$ mnanc dq f
Mücmn (e~gfq% lko~cdmfm$
L~æcmk t
Lüok eenzfqek| hf|}f fhï nc a~nc n|}fmk#
6#1 Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk0
Ne Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk ―N| ne ncjkv~n |d|}äodlk v~n mn|lqdan ef| fl}dzdmfmn| dc}nqmnrncmdnc}n|mn ~c |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk% nc ne l~fe |n frqnldf v~n ne rqkln|k n| ~c ldlek lkc}dc~k af|fmknc ef| cnln|dmfmn| mn ek| ~|~fqdk|‟#
Nxd|}nc jfl}kqn| nx}nqck| lkok ef| Rkeï}dlf| v~n rkmqïfc okmdjdlfq k fjnl}fq nej~cldkcfodnc}k mn n|}n ldlek#
Ne |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk }dncn lkok lfqfl}nqï|}dlf ne |nq Fmfr}faen fc}n j~}~qk| lfoadk| v~nfjnl}nc |~ j~cldkcfodnc}k }k}fe k ~cf rfq}n mn äe# Rkq n`norek ~cf mnld|düc rkeï}dlf%nxrfc|düc mne rqkgqfof% dc}qkm~lldüc mn ~c rqkm~l}k c~nzk#
Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk
N z f e ~
f l d ü c
L k c } d c ~
f
N z f e ~
f l d ü c
L k c } d c ~
f
N z f e ~ f l d ü c
L k c } d c ~ f
N z f e ~ f l d ü c
L k c } d c ~ f
J~nc}n0 Fmodcd|}qfldüc Ekgï|}dl f rfqf Rqkgqfof| mn Refcdjdlfldüc Jfodedfq% @khc \ckw% Dcl#6444
\DGEDO
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO6
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|
1
Ef fmv~d|dldüc% n| ne rqkln|k v~n rnqod}n ka}ncnq ek| dc|~ok| |nenlldkcfmk| trqkgqfofmk|% rkq onmdk mn gn|}dkcn| mn lkorqf k mkcfldüc mn ek| od|ok|% rfqf neekqnv~dnqn0
‡ Rqkln|k| lefqk| mne fmv~d|dldüc+ lkorqf| mne kqgfcd|ok dc|}d}~ldkcfe
‡ Lfencmfqdpfldüc mn jnlhf| mn |kedld}~m% nc}qngf mn rnmdmk| nc ek| mdjnqnc}n|cdznen| t qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok|#
m# Feoflncfodnc}k t Md|}qda~ldüc0
Ne Feoflncfodnc}k lkc|d|}n nc ef fmnl~fldüc mne n|rfldk t lkcmdldkcn|mn}nqodcfmf| v~n mnanc rk|nnq ef| akmngf| k feoflncn| mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen|%
rfqf ofc}ncnq ef lfedmfm n dc}ngqdmfm mne dc|~ok t qnv~dnqn0
‡ L~oredodnc}k mn ckqof}dzf| mn Feoflncfodnc}k
‡ Norenfq ~c |d|}nof mn Lkc}qke mn Dcznc}fqdk|
Ef Md|}qda~ldüc lkorqncmn ne lkc`~c}k mn dc|}fefldkcn| t }qfc|rkq}n rkq ek| l~fen|
}dncnc v~n rf|fq ek| dc|~ok| t qnv~dnqn mn0
‡ Dc|}fefldkcn| (Akmngf| nc ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen|$
‡ Onmdk| mn ]qfc|rkq}n fmnl~fmk|
‡ L~oredodnc}k mn jnlhf| rqkgqfofmf| rfqf ne okzdodnc}k mn dc|~ok|#
n# \d|}nof mn Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| / \DGEDO
Ne \d|}nof mn Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| \DGEDO%n|}æ lkc|}d}~dmk rkq ~c lkc`~c}k mn mf}k| t qngd|}qk| dc}nqqnefldkcfmk| v~n aqdcmfc
dcjkqofldüc ekgï|}dlf n|ncldfe rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn|#
Ne \DGEDO n| ne nclfqgfmk mn qnlkgnq dcjkqofldüc mn lfmf ~cf mn ef| n}frf| mneldlek ekgï|}dlk# N|}k rnqod}n okcd}kqnfq ne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne |d|}nof f }qfzä| mn efnzfe~fldüc lkc}dc~f t qnv~dnqn rfqf |~ fmnl~fmk j~cldkcfodnc}k0
‡ Lkc}qke |d|}noæ}dlk mn ef lfedmfm mn ek| mf}k| qnlkenl}fmk|
‡ Qnl~q|k| h~ofck| lfrfld}fmk|
‡ Rqn|~r~n|}k n Dc|}q~onc}k| mn qnlkenlldüc mn dcjkqofldüc
\DGEDO
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO 6Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
1# \d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc
ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|
Lkok |n ka|nqzf nc ne n|v~nof mne Ldlek Ekgï|}dlk% ne \d|}nof mnDcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| \DGEDO n|}æ~adlfmk nc ne lnc}qk t |n nclfqgf mn qn}qkfedonc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc fek| mnoæ| lkorkcnc}n|# Lfmf lkorkcnc}n nc ne ldlek ekgï|}dlk cnln|d}f
dcjkqofldüc znqfp t krkq}~cf rfqf rkmnq j~cldkcfq nc |~ }k}fedmfm% rkq ek }fc}k ef
dcjkqofldüc mnan |nq qngd|}qfmf mn ofcnqf lkqqnl}f t nczdfmf f }dnork#
‡ »V~ä n| ne \DGEDO;
N| ~c |d|}nof lkc|}d}~dmk rkq ~c lkc`~c}k mn mf}k| t qngd|}qk| dc}nqqnefldkcfmk| v~naqdcmfc dcjkqofldüc n|ncldfe rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn|#
‡ »L~æe n| ne rqkrü|d}k mne \DGEDO;
Ne rqkrü|d}k mne |d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc n| On`kqfq ef| mnld|dkcn| gnqncldfen| ncekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| oämdlk|#
\n rkmqæc on`kqfq ef| mnld|dkcn| gnqncldfen| t rkq ncmn ef lfedmfm mn ek| |nqzdldk|%|d |n ofcn`f fmnl~fmfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc v~n |n n|}æ rqkm~ldncmk t |d |n
l~nc}f lkc dcjkqofldüc lkoren}f% znqæp t krkq}~cf rfqf rkmnq }kofq mnld|dkcn|fmnl~fmf|#
‡ »L~æen| |kc ek| Mf}k| mn Dcjkqofldüc Ekgï|}dlf rfqf ef ]kof mnMnld|dkcn|;
Rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn| ekgï|}dlf| |n cnln|d}fc mk| mf}k| n|ncldfen|0 Lkc|~ok%
t Nxd|}ncldf|# N|}k| mk| mf}k| ck| rnqod}nc gncnqfq dcjkqofldüc v~n }foadnc |ncnln|d}f rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn| ekgï|}dlf|% lkok |kc0 Lkc|~ok RqkonmdkOnc|~fe t Lfc}dmfm f \kedld}fq# Fmdldkcfeonc}n |n cnln|d}f |fanq ne Rnqdkmk mnQnfaf|}nldodnc}k% n|}n mf}k |n mn}nqodcf nc ne md|nök mne |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk# Ek|mf}k| mn Jnlhf| mn Jfaqdlfldüc k Lfm~ldmfm |kc cnln|fqdk| rfqf ne ofcn`k lkqqnl}kmn ek| dc|~ok|#
\DGEDO \DGEDO
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO6
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO 67Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
‡ Jnlhf| mn Jfaqdlfldüc k Lfm~ldmfm
Mn jfaqdlfldüc% jnlhf v~n |n mnan }kofq nc l~nc}f rfqf znqdjdlfq ef zdmf ð}de mn~c rqkm~l}k#
Mn lfm~ldmfm% jnlhf mn|r~ä| mn ef l~fe ck |n gfqfc}dpf ef lfedmfm mn ~c
rqkm~l}k t |n mnan mn qn}dqfq mne |d|}nof
‡ »Mücmn |n qngd|}qf ef dcjkqofldüc; Qngd|}qk| aæ|dlk| mnDcjkqofldüc#
Nc ~c |d|}nof ekgï|}dlk nxd|}nc }qn| fl}dzdmfmn| v~n dcldmnc nc ek| dc|~ok| trkq lkc|dg~dnc}n% |n l~nc}f lkc }qn| }drk| mn qngd|}qk| ekgï|}dlk|# Ef| fl}dzdmfmn|
ekgï|}dlf| |kc0 6$ Ne feoflncfodnc}k mn dc|~ok|% 1$ Ne }qf|efmk k okzdodnc}k| mndc|~ok| nc}qn feoflncn| t <$ Nc}qngf mn ek| dc|~ok| f ek| ~|~fqdk|#
‡ Rfqf ne feoflncfodnc}k mn dc|~ok|% |n ~}dedpfc Qngd|}qk| mn Nxd|}ncldf|% (v~n dcmdlfc v~ä t l~æc}k }ncnok|;$ N`# Iæqmnx% }fq`n}f| mn n|}daf
‡ Rfqf ne }qf|efmk mn dc|~ok| nc}qn feoflncn|% Qngd|}qk| mn Okzdodnc}k|%
(v~n dcmdlfc v~ä t l~æc}k| rqkm~l}k| |fenc k dcgqn|fc f od feofläc$# N`#Qnv~d|f mn |fedmf% Dcjkqon mn Qnlnrldüc% Ck}f mn }qfc|jnqncldf % mn mnzke~ldüc%iæqmnx% }fq`n}f| mn n|}daf n}l#
‡ Rfqf ef nc}qngf mn dc|~ok| f ek| ~|~fqdk|% Qngd|}qk| mn Lkc|~ok (v~ndcmdlfc l~æc}k| t l~æen| j~nqkc nc}qngfmk| + lkc|~odmk| rkq ek| ~|~fqdk|$# N`#
\æafcf| mn mn|lfqg~n mdfqdk% qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf|#
1#6 Dc|}q~onc}k| mn qngd|}qk mne \d|}nof mn Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| \DGEDO
Ne \DGEDO fl}~feonc}n n|}fqæ j~cldkcfcmk mn jkqof ofc~fe nc ek| cdznen| mndcjkqofldüc9 rnqk ek| mf}k| |nqæc f~}kof}dpfmk| nc ek| cdznen| |~rnqdkqn|#
N|}f dcjkqofldüc rnqod}dqæ fe ODC\F lkc}fq lkc ef |dg~dnc}n dcjkqofldüc0
/ Lkc|~ok mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne mn ~cdmfmn| mn \fe~m% O~cdldrdk% \DEFD\t cdzne cfldkcfe#
/ Nxd|}ncldf mn ~c mn}nqodcfmk dc|~ok| nc ~cf jnlhf n|rnldjdlf f cdzne mn ef
}k}fedmfm mn ef qnm mn ~c o~cdldrdk% \DEFD\ t f cdzne lnc}qfe#
/ Lfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf| mn ~c mn}nqodcfmk dc|~ok nc ~c o~cdldrdk% \DEFD\ü f cdzne cfldkcfe#
Mf}k| N|ncldfen| mn Dcjkqofldüc Ekgï|}dlf
‡ Lkc|~ok
‡ Nxd|}ncldf|
K}qk| Mf}k| rfqf ef }kof mn mnld|dkcn|
‡ Lkc|~ok Rqkonmdk Onc|~fe + LRO
‡ Lfc}dmfm f \kedld}fq
‡ Rnqïkmk mn Qnfaf|}nldodnc}k
‡ Jnlhf| mn Jfaqdlfldüc k Lfm~ldmfm
N|}k| mf}k| mnanc |nq qngd|}qfmk|% qnrkq}fmk| t }qf|efmfmk| rkq ek| mdjnqnc}n| cdznen|rfqf v~n rnqod}f }kofq mnld|dkcn| nc lfmf ~ck mn neek|#
‡ Lkc|~ok# N| ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| nc}qngfmk| mdqnl}fonc}n f ek| t ef| ~|~fqdk|
(f|$ nc ~c mn}nqodcfmk rnqdkmk mn }dnork#
‡ Nxd|}ncldf| Md|rkcdaen|# \kc ef| lfc}dmfmn| mn dc|~ok| ~}dedpfaen| v~n n|}æcmd|rkcdaen| nc l~fev~dnq dc|}fcldf k n|}faenldodnc}k mn |fe~m nc ~c okonc}k mfmknc ne }dnork
Ek| zfekqn| ~}dedpfmk| rfqf lfel~efq |nofcf| |kc0
2 f 2#1= nv~dzfen f 2 |nofcf
2#1> f 2#=4 nv~dzfen f 6 |nofcf
2#>2 f 2#7= nv~dzfen f 1 |nofcf|
2#7> f 2#44 nv~dzfen f < |nofcf|
‡ Rnqïkmk mn Qnfaf|}nldodnc}k# N| ef rnqdkmdldmfm k jqnl~ncldf lkc v~n ek|mdjnqnc}n| cdznen| fmodcd|}qf}dzk| t mn f}ncldüc |kc faf|}nldmk|% n| mnldq lfmf l~æc}k }dnork |n qnldan ne rnmdmk#
‡ Efr|k mn Qnfaf|}nldodnc}k# N| ne }dnork }qfc|l~qqdmk nc}qn ne okonc}k nc v~n|n dcdldf ne rqkln|k mn |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| t ne okonc}k nc v~n n|}k| |n qnldanc tn|}æc md|rkcdaen| rfqf |~ ~|k#
\DGEDO \DGEDO
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO68
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO 6Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
1#1 Nxredlfldüc mne eencfmk
mn ek| dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO
/ Ef| cnln|dmfmn| }k}fen| mn ~c dc|~ok oämdlk n|rnldjdlk rfqf ~c o~cdldrdk ü\DEFD\ mn}nqodcfmk k f Cdzne Cfldkcfe#
N|}f dcjkqofldüc |nqæ mn o~lhf ~}dedmfm rfqf ef }kof krkq}~cf mn mnld|dkcn| ton`kqfq f onmdfck refpk ne faf|}nldodnc}k mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn fl~nqmk f efmnofcmf mn ef rkaefldüc ~|~fqdf#
Dcjkqon| mne \DGEDO0
N|}æ lkcjkqofmk rkq > dc|}q~onc}k| rkq cdznen| mn qn|ke~ldüc% t ~cf hk`f mn}qfaf`k rfqf ne mf}k mn lfc}dmfm ck mn|rflhfmf#
Ek| dc|}q~onc}k| |kc0
6# Dcjkqon |kaqn Lkc|~ok t \kedld}~m mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf R~n|}k| mn\fe~m
1# Lkc}qke mn Okzdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn
\fe~m
<# Qnv~d|f rfqf Jfqofldf
=# Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe
># Qnv~d|f rfqf \DEFD\
:# Qngd|}qk mn lfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf| rkq qnln}f| rfqf jfqofldf| mnr~n|}k| t lnc}qk| mn |fe~m#
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO2
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO 6Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Lümdgk0
Fck}n ne lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef ed|}faæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|#
Lümdgk 066:216:
Rfqfln}foke (Fln}fodckjnc$# ]faen}f >22 og
Mn|lqdrldüc0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~n |kckjnq}fmk| nc ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~m#
Mn|lqdrldüc
Rfqfln}foke (Fln}fodckjnc$# ]faen}f >22 og
^cdmfm0
Fck}n ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf ~}dedpfmf rfqf |kedld}fq ne
rqkm~l}k fe cdzne |~rnqdkq (rkq% n`norek0 ~cdmfmn|%jqf|lk% forkeef$# Ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf |n ncl~nc}qf
qngd|}qfmf nc ef Ed|}f Aæ|dlf mn Onmdlfonc}k|#
^cdmfm mn Onmdmf
]faen}f|
\femk Dcdldfe0 (LKE^OCF F$0
N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne R~n|}k mn\fe~m l~fcmk dcdldü ne on| v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|}nmf}k mnan lkdcldmdq lkc ne |femk fl}~fe qnrkq}fmk nc ne
on| fc}nqdkq
6# Dcjkqon |kaqn Lkc|~ok t \kedld}~m mn Dc|~ok|
Oämdlk| rfqf R~n|}k| mn \fe~m
Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mne ―Dcjkqon |kaqn Lkc|~ok t \kedld}~m mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf R~n|}k| mn \fe~m‟
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
^cdmfm mn \fe~m0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~mv~n eencf n|}n dcjkqon
R~n|}k mn \fe~m0 Ef Jekq
O~cdldrdk0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mne o~cdldrdk fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ef
^cdmfm mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}n dcjkqon#
O~cdldrdk0 R~naek C~nzk
On|0
Fck}n ne on| fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ne Dcjkqon
Ncnqk/122:
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Lkc|~ok \nofcf = (LKE^OCF J$0
Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \n
mnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf =# \d nc
mn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmfmn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf Xt eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc ef
hk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
LKC\^OK =
E O O @ Z
6: 67 68 64 12
61 61 6: 16 8
Lkc|~ok \nofcf > (LKE^OCF G$0
Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|
mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf ># \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf
mn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X
t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc efhk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
LKC\^OK >
E O O @ Z
1<+6 1=+6 1>+6
61 1< :
]k}fe mn Lkc|~ok onc|~fe
(LKE^OCF H ? L)M)N)J) G$0
Fck}fq ef |~of mn }kmk| ek| lkc|~ok| |nofcfen|
]k}fe mn Lkc|~ok Onc|~fe
(LKE^OCF H ? L)M)N)J) G$0
177
\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKE^OCF D ? F ) A / H$
N| ef lfc}dmfm md|rkcdaen nc Nxd|}ncldf| v~n }dncn neR~n|}k mn \fe~m f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n mne on| v~n n|}æ
qnrkq}fcmk# N| ne qn|~e}fmk mn ef |~of mne |femk dcdldfe oæ|ef| nc}qfmf| onck| ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe# Rfqf znqdjdlfq
nxd|}ncldf| |n qnlkodncmf qnfedpfq dcznc}fqdk jï|dlk#
\FEMK FL]^FE (Jdcfe on|$
(LKE^OCF D ? F ) A / H$
72
N| qn|~e}fmk mn => ) <21 ? 177
On|n| mn nxd|}ncldf| (LKE^OCF @? D+H$
N|}n mf}k qn|~e}f mn mdzdmdq ne |femk fl}~fe (jdcfe mne On|$nc}qn ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe qnrkq}fmk# Rkq n`norek%
|d ef| nxd|}ncldf| fe jdcfe mne On| n| mn 122 lær|~ef|mn fordldedcf t ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe n| dg~fe f 622%
nc}kcln| 122 ÷ 622 ? 1# N|}k |dgcdjdlf v~n ne r~n|}k mn
|fe~m }dncn nxd|}ncldf| rfqf l~aqdq ne lkc|~ok m~qfc}nek| rqüxdok| 1 on|n|# \n mnan lfel~efq rkq on|n| t
|nofcf| mn nxd|}ncldf| md|rkcdaen|#
ON\N\ MN NXD\]NCLDF\
(LKE^OCF @ ? D+ H$
2#1>1 n| dg~fe f 6 |nofcf
N| qn|~e}fmk mn 72 + 177 ? 2# 1>1
Hft v~n }kofq nc l~nc}f v~n l~fcmk ef ldjqf n| onckq f 69 ne læel~ek |n mnan n|rnldjdlfq nc |nofcf|#
mm0 Mïf| mn|faf|}nldmk|0 (LKE^OCF I$0
Fck}fq ne }k}fe mn mïf| mn|faf|}nldmk| v~n j~nqkcofqlfmk| lkc X nc ne Dcjkqon#
mm0 Mïf| mn|faf|}nldmk|
(LKE^OCF I$
2
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
\femk Dcdldfe (LKE^OCF F$0
N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne R~n|}k mn
\fe~m l~fcmk dcdldü ne on| v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|}nmf}k mnan lkdcldmdq lkc ne |femk fl}~fe qnrkq}fmk nc ne
on| fc}nqdkq
\femk Dcdldfe (Lke~ocf F$0
=>
Nc}qfmf (LKE^OCF A$0
Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k| v~n qnldadü ne
R~n|}k mn \fe~m m~qfc}n ne on| qnrkq}fmk
Nc}qfmf (LKE^OCF A$0
<21
Jnlhf0
Fck}f nc n|}f| lf|deef| nc aefclk ef jnlhf mnerqdonq mïf v~n |n lkodncpf f eencfq ne dcjkqon t f|ï
|~ln|dzfonc}n f ek efqgk mne on| qnrkq}fmk#
E O O @ Z
1: 17 18 14 <2
Ef jnlhf |n dcdldf ofqlfcmk lkc ef jnlhf mn dcdldk mnedcjkqon n| mnldq n|}n dcjkqon|n lkoncpü f eencfq ne 1:
mn Mdldnoaqn#
Lkc|~ok \nofcf 6 (LKE^OCF L$0
Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|
mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf 6# \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf
mn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X
t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc ef
hk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
LKC\^OK 6
E O O @ Z
1: 17 18 14 <2
61 1< : 1 :
Lkc|~ok \nofcf 1 (LKE^OCF M$0
Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|
mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf 1# \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf
mn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X
t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc efhk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
LKC\^OK 1
E O O @ Z
1 < = > :
62 11 6: = :
Lkc|~ok \nofcf < (LKE^OCF N$0
Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|
mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf <# \d nc
mn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmfmn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X
t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc efhk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
LKC\^OK <
E O O @ Z
4 62 66 61 6<
61 12 12 1 :
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Lk|}k| (LKE^OCF R$
Fvðd |n fck}fqfc ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk t ne lk|}k }k}fe# Ne
lk|}k ~cd}fqdk n| ne rqnldk qnjen`fmk nc ef qnv~d|f rfqflfmf ~cdmfm mn rqkm~l}k# T ne lk|}k }k}fe qn|~e}f mn
ef o~e}dredlfldüc nc}qn ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk rkq ef lfc}dmfm
f}ncmdmf#
LK\]K\ (Lke~ocf R$
^cd}fqdk ]k}fe
2#6> 82%1>
KA\NQZFLDKCN\
Fv~ï |n fck}fqæ l~fev~dnq lkonc}fqdk qnefldkcfmk lkc ef|kedld}~m mn onmdlfonc}k| njnl}~fmf#
Jdqof \kedld}fmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nefakqf ne dcjkqon#
Jfadkef Okqfen|
1: / 6/ 2:
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Jdqof F~}kqdpfmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n f~}kqdpü ne dcjkqon t jnlhf#
Ofqdk Efpk
1:/26/ 2:
Jdqof Qnldadmk0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n qnldadü ne rnmdmk#
Jfadkef Okqfen|
17/6/ 2:
Jdqof Nc}qngfmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nc}qngü t ef jnlhf
Lfqek| Of}fokqk|
17/6/ 2:
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Lfc}dmfm ck mn|rflhfmf (LKE^OCF E$0
N|}n mf}k |n }kofqf mn ef hk`f mn }qfaf`k |kaqn―Qngd|}qk mn lfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf| rfqf Jfqofldft R~n|}k| mn \fe~m$0 Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe ck f}ncmdmf
m~qfc}n ne rnqïkmk dcjkqofmk#
Lfc}dmfm ck Mn|rflhfmf
(LKE^OCF E$
\ngðc ne dcjkqon mn lfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf|
|n }k}fedpf v~n ck |n mn|rflhfqkc <2 }faen}f| mn Fln}fodckjnc nc n|}n rnqïkmk#
Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKE^OCF O ? H ) E X 6#>$
\n lfel~ef o~e}dredlfcmk ne lkc|~ok oæ| ef lfc}dmfm
ck mn|rflhfmf (nc ne lf|k nc v~n h~adnqf kl~qqdmkmn|faf|}nldodnc}k mn ~c dc|~ok$ rkq 6#># Fv~ï |n }kof nc
l~nc}f ~c cdzne mn qn|nqzf mn dc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk fe }dnorkrqkonmdk v~n }qfc|l~qqn nc}qn ef nefakqfldüc mne dcjkqon t efnc}qngf mn rnmdmk| rkq ne cdzne |~rnqdkq# \d ef| nxd|}ncldf| mn
fegðc onmdlfonc}k |kc oftkqn| f ef lfc}dmfm rqkgqfofmf%ck |n |kedld}fqfc dc|~ok| nc n|}n on|#
Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf
(LKE^OCF O ? H ) E X 6#>$
>2>
N| ne qn|~e}fmk mn 0 177 ) <2 x 6#> ? >2>
\kedld}fmk (LKE^OCF C? D / O$0
Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm v~n |k edld}f f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq# N|}f
|n lfel~ef qn|}fcmk ek rqkgqfofmk ne |femk fl}~fe#
\kedld}fmk
(Lke~ocf C? D “ O$
><>
\n |kedld}f ef lfc}dmfm mn ><> }faen}f| }kofcmk ncl~nc}f ne |femk fl}~fe
F}ncmdmk (LKE^OCF K$
N| ef lfc}dmfm v~n |n en nc}qngf fe R~n|}k| mn \fe~m#Gncnqfeonc}n% n|}f lfc}dmfm |nqæ dmäc}dlf f ef Lfc}dmfm
F~}kqdpfmf% nxlnr}k nc fv~neek| lf|k| v~n h~adnqfmn|faf|}nldodnc}k nc ne feofläc o~cdldrfe#
F}ncmdmk
(Lke~ocf K$
><>
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO 7Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
On|0
Fck}n ne on| fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ne Dcjkqon
Ncnqk/122:
Lümdgk0
Fck}n ne lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef ed|}f
aæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|#
Lümdgk 0 262626=2
Fokxdldedcf 1>2 og + > oe#
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Mn|lqdrldüc0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~n |kc
kjnq}fmk| nc ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~m#
Mn|lqdrldüc
Fokxdldedcf 1>2 og + > oe#\~|rnc|düc Jlk# 622 oe# Kqfe
^cdmfm mn onmdmf0
Fck}n ef ̂ cdmfm v~n |n ~}dedpf rfqf |kedld}fq ne rqkm~l}kfe cdzne |~rnqdkq (rkq% n`norek0 ~cdmfmn|% jqf|lk%
forkeef$# Ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf |n ncl~nc}qf qngd|}qfmfnc ef Ed|}f Aæ|dlf mn Onmdlfonc}k|#
^cdmfm mn Onmdmf
Jqf|lk JLK#
\femk Dcdldfe (LKE^OCF F$0
N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne R~n|}k mn
\fe~m l~fcmk dcdldü ne on| v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|}nmf}k mnan lkdcldmdq lkc ne |femk fl}~fe qnrkq}fmk nc ne
on| fc}nqdkq
\femk Dcdldfe
(Lke~ocf F$
62
Nc}qfmf \nofcf 6 (LKE^OCF A$0
Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k| v~n qnldadü
ef Jfqofldf nc ef \nofcf 6# N|}n mf}k mnan znqdjdlfq|nlkc ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf nc ef qnv~d|f |nofcfe mn
Jfqofldf rfqf n|n rnqïkmk#
Nc}qfmf \nofcf 6
(LKE^OCF A$0
11
\n qnldadnqkc 11 jqf|lk| nc ef nc}qfmf mn rqkm~l}k|rfqf ef |nofcf 6
1# Lkc}qke mn Okdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|
rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mne ―Lkc}qke mn Okdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf
Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m‟
^cdmfm mn \fe~m0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}n
dcjkqon#
Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0 Rdk XDD
O~cdldrdk0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mne o~cdldrdk fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ef
^cdmfm mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}n dcjkqon#
O~cdldrdk0 Cfcmf|ok
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO8
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Lkc|~ok \nofcf < (LKE^OCF N$0
Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|
mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf <# \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf
mn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X
t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc efhk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
Lkc|~ok |nofcf <
E O O @ Z \ M L+\
4 62 66 61 6< 6= 6>
= : 62 62 > = < =1
Nc}qfmf \nofcf| = t > (LKE^OCF H$0
Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k| v~n qnldadüef Jfqofldf rfqf ef \nofcf = t ># N|}n mf}k mnan
znqdjdlfq|n lkc ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf nc ef qnv~d|f|nofcfe mn Jfqofldf rfqf n|n rnqïkmk#
Nc}qfmf \nofcf =
(LKE^OCF A$0
61
Lkc|~ok \nofcf = (LKE^OCF D$0
Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|
mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf =# \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf
mn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X
t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc efhk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
Lkc|~ok |nofcf =
E O O @ Z \ M L+\
6: 67 68 64 12 16 11
62 : 7 = : 7 1 =2
Lkc|~ok \nofcf > (LKE^OCF @$0
Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|
mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf ># \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf
mn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X
t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc efhk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
Lkc|~ok |nofcf >
E O O @ Z \ M L+\
1< 1= 1>
1 6 6
]k}fe mn Nc}qfmf| (LKE^OCF I? A)M)J)H$0
\n fck}fqæ ne }k}fe mn ef| nc}qfmf| |nofcfen|#
]k}fe mn Nc}qfmf|
I? (A)M)J)H$0
672
]k}fe mn Lkc|~ok onc|~fe
(LKE^OCF E ? L)N)G)D)@$0
Fck}fq ef |~of mn }kmk| ek| lkc|~ok| |nofcfen|#
]k}fe mn Lkc|~ok onc|~fe
(LKE^OCF E ? L)N)G)D)@$0
682
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Jnlhf0
Fck}f nc n|}f| lf|deef| nc aefclk ef jnlhf mnerqdonq mïf v~n |n lkodncpf f eencfq ne dcjkqon t f|ï
|~ln|dzfonc}n f ek efqgk mne on| qnrkq}fmk#
E O O @ Z \ M L+\
1: 17 18 14 <2 <6 6
Ef jnlhf |n dcdldf ofqlfcmk lkc ef jnlhf mn dcdldk mnedcjkqon n| mnldq n|}n dcjkqon| lkoncpü f eencfq ne
1: mn Mdldnoaqn#
Lkc|~ok \nofcf 6 (LKE^OCF L$0
Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|
mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf 6# \d nc
mn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmfmn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf Xt eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc ef
hk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
Lkc|~ok |nofcf 6
E O O @ Z \ M L+\
1: 17 18 14 <2 <6 6
: 66 < 61 X X X <1
Nc}qfmf \nofcf 1 (LKE^OCF M$0
Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k| v~n qnldadü ef
Jfqofldf rfqf ef \nofcf 1# N|}n mf}k mnan znqdjdlfq|nlkc ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf nc ef qnv~d|f |nofcfe mn
Jfqofldf rfqf n|n rnqïkmk#
Nc}qfmf \nofcf 1
(LKE^OCF A$0
::
Lkc|~ok \nofcf 1 (LKE^OCF M$0 Fv~ï n|}æc nc~onqfmk| ek| mïf| mn ef |nofcf# \nmnan fck}fq rkq lfmf mïf ne }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k|
mn|rflhfmk| mdfqdfonc}n nc ef |nofcf 1# \d ncmn}nqodcfmk okonc}k mne on| ef ̂ cdmfm v~nmf
mn|faf|}nldmf |n mnanqæ ofqlfq ef lf|deef lkc ~cf X
t eenzfq ne lkc}qke mn ef| qnln}f| ck mn|rflhfmf| nc efhk`f md|nöfmf rfqf n|}n jdc#
Lkc|~ok |nofcf 1E O O @ Z \ M L+\
1 < = > : 7 8
: 62 8 = 61 8 8 >:
Nc}qfmf \nofcf < (LKE^OCF J$0
Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k| v~n qnldadü
ef Jfqofldf nc ef \nofcf <# N|}n mf}k mnan znqdjdlfq|nlkc ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf nc ef qnv~d|f |nofcfe mn
Jfqofldf rfqf n|n rnqïkmk#
Nc}qfmf \nofcf <
(LKE^OCF A$0
72
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO2
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO 6Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
mm0 Mïf| mn|faf|}nldmk|0 (LKE^OCF 2$0
Fck}fq ne }k}fe mn mïf| mn|faf|}nldmk| v~n j~nqkcofqlfmk| lkc X nc ef| lf|deef| mn lkc|~ok |nofcfe#
mm0 Mïf| mn|faf|}nldmk|0 (LKE^OCF 2$0
<
Lfc}dmfm ck mn|rflhfmf (LKE^OCF R$0
N|}n mf}k |n }kofqf mn ef hk`f mn }qfaf`k |kaqn
―Qngd|}qk mn lfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf| rfqf Jfqofldft R~n|}k| mn \fe~m$0 Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe ck f}ncmdmf
m~qfc}n ne rnqïkmk dcjkqofmk#
Lfc}dmfm ck mn|rflhfmf (LKE^OCF R$0
6>
KA\NQZFLDKCN\
Fv~ï |n fck}fqæ l~fev~dnq lkonc}fqdk qnefldkcfmk lkc ef
|kedld}~m mn onmdlfonc}k| njnl}~fmf#
Jdqof 0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nefakqf ne dcjkqon
Jdqof0 Ckne Eürnp
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKE^OCF O ? F ) I / E$
N| ef lfc}dmfm md|rkcdaen nc Nxd|}ncldf| v~n }dncnef Jfqofldf f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n mne on| v~n n|}æ
qnrkq}fcmk# N| ne qn|~e}fmk mn ef |~of mne |femk dcdldfeoæ| ne }k}fe mn nc}qfmf| onck| ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe#
\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKE^OCF O ? F ) I / E$
62
On|n| mn nxd|}ncldf| (LKE^OCF C? O+E$
N|}n mf}k qn|~e}f mn mdzdmdq ne |femk fl}~fe (jdcfe mne
On|$ nc}qn ne lkc|~ok }k}fe onc|~fe# Rkq n`norek%|d ef| nxd|}ncldf| fe jdcfe mne On| n| mn 122 lær|~ef|
mn fordldedcf t ne lkc|~ok onc|~fe n| dg~fe f 622%nc}kcln| 122 ÷ 622 ? 1# N|}k |dgcdjdlf v~n ne r~n|}k mn|fe~m }dncn nxd|}ncldf| rfqf l~aqdq ne lkc|~ok m~qfc}n
ek| rqüxdok| 1 on|n|# \n mnan lfel~efq rkq on|n| t|nofcf| mn nxd|}ncldf| md|rkcdaen|#
On|n| mn nxd|}ncldf| (LKE^OCF C? O+E$
2#2>
N|}k |dgcdjdlf v~n ef ^cdmfm }dncn onck| mn ~cf|nofcf n| mnldq v~n n|}æ mn|faf|}nldmf mn Fokxdledcfnc jqf|lk f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n#
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Ck#
\n n|lqdadqæ nc cðonqk mn ef qnv~d|f% rqnc~onqfmf rkq Lkc}fadedmfm#
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Ck# <=>
Jnlhf0
Fck}n ne mïf% on| t fök v~n |n nefakqü ef |kedld}~m#
Ncnqk/122:
Lümdgk0
\n qnjdnqn fe lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef ed|}f
aæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|#
Lümdgk 0 262626=2
Fokxdldedcf 1>2 og + > oe#
<# ―Qnv~d|f mn Jfqofldf‟
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mn ef ―Qnv~d|f mn Jfqofldf‟
Lnc}qk mn \fe~m 0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}ndcjkqon#
Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0 Rdk XDD
Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf0
\n fck}fqæ nc lkelhüc mn |ng~qdmfm mn dc|~ok| rfqfef ^cdmfm9 rkq n`norek 6#> on| rfqf Jfqofldf| mn
Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m
O~cdldrdk0 Cfcmf|ok
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKE^OCF J ? (L)N$* 6#>$
\n lfel~ef o~e}dredlfcmk ne lkc|~ok oæ| ef lfc}dmfmck mn|rflhfmf (nc ne lf|k nc v~n h~adnqf kl~qqdmk
mn|faf|}nldodnc}k mn ~c dc|~ok$ rkq 6#># Fv~ï |n }kof ncl~nc}f ~c cdzne mn qn|nqzf mn dc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk fe }dnork
rqkonmdk v~n }qfc|l~qqn nc}qn ef nefakqfldüc mne dcjkqon t efnc}qngf mn rnmdmk| rkq ne cdzne |~rnqdkq# \d ef| nxd|}ncldf| mnfegðc onmdlfonc}k |kc oftkqn| f ef lfc}dmfm rqkgqfofmf%
ck |n |kedld}fqfc dc|~ok| nc n|}n on|#
Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKE^OCF J ? (L)N$* 6#>$
72
Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf (LKE^OCF G ? J/ M$0
Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm v~n |kedld}f f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq# N|}f
|n lfel~ef qn|}fcmk fe |femk fl}~fe ek rqkgqfofmk#
Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf (LKE^OCF G ? J/ M $0
:2
Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf (LKE^OCF H$
N| ef lfc}dmfm v~n nc}qngf ne feofläc o~cdldrfe f efJfqofldf# Gncnqfeonc}n% n|}f lfc}dmfm |nqæ dmäc}dlf fef Lfc}dmfm F~}kqdpfmf% nxlnr}k nc fv~neek| lf|k| v~n
h~adnqf mn|faf|}nldodnc}k nc ne feofläc o~cdldrfe#
Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf (LKE^OCF H$0
:2
Lk|}k| (LKE^OCF D$
Fv~ï |n fck}fqfc ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk t ne lk|}k }k}fe# Ne lk|}k
~cd}fqdk n| ne rqnldk qnjen`fmk nc ef qnv~d|f rfqf lfmf ~cdmfmmn rqkm~l}k# T ne lk|}k }k}fe qn|~e}f mn ef o~e}dredlfldüc nc}qn
ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk rkq ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf
LK\]K\ (Lke~ocf D$
^cd}fqdk ]k}fe
2#6> 82%1>
KA\NQZFLDKCN\
Fv~ï |n fck}fqæ l~fev~dnq lkonc}fqdk qnefldkcfmk lkc ef|kedld}~m mn onmdlfonc}k| njnl}~fmf#
\kedld}fmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nefakqf ne dcjkqon t ef jnlhf ncv~n |kedld}ü#
Ckne Eürnp
21/26/2:
F~}kqdpfmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| o~cdldrfen| ü
nc |~ f~|ncldf ne Fmodcd|}qfmkq mne O~cdldrdk% t ef jnlhfnc v~n |n f~}kqdpü#
Lef~mdf \fclhnp
1/26/ 2:
Qnldadmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n qnldadü ne rqkm~l}k mne feofläco~cdldrfe t ef jnlhf#
Ckne Ekrnp
21/26/2:
Nc}qngfmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof ef rnq|kcf v~n nc}qngf ek| dc|~ok| nc nefeofläc o~cdldrfe t ef jnlhf#
\fekoüc Aflf
21/26/2:
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Mn|lqdrldüc0
\n qnjdnqn fe ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~n
fl}~feonc}n kjnq}f ne ODC\F nc |~| ^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m#
Mn|lqdrldüc
Fokxdldedcf 1>2 og + > oe# \~|rnc|düc Jlk# 622 oe# Kqfe
^cdmfm0
Fck}n ef ̂ cdmfm v~n |n ~}dedpf rfqf |kedld}fq ne rqkm~l}k
fe cdzne |~rnqdkq (rkq% n`norek0 ~cdmfmn|% jqf|lk%forkeef$# Ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf |n ncl~nc}qf qngd|}qfmf
nc ef Ed|}f Aæ|dlf mn Onmdlfonc}k|#
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Jqf|lk JLK#
\femk Dcdldfe (LKE^OCF F$0
N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ef Jfqofldf
mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m ð Hk|rd}fe l~fcmk dcdldü ef |nofcfv~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|}n mf}k mnan lkdcldmdq lkc ne
|femk fl}~fe qnrkq}fmk nc ef |nofcf fc}nqdkq#
\femk Dcdldfe
(Lke~ocf F$
12
]k}fe mn Nc}qfmf| (LKE^OCF A$0
Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| qnldadmk| nc ef Jfqofldf
m~qfc}n ef |nofcf qnrkq}fmf#
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11
]k}fe \fedmf (LKE^OCF L$0
Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm mn rqkm~l}k nc}qngfmk f ek| ~|~fqdk|%
n| mnldq ne mf}k mn lkc|~ok |nofcfe qnrkq}fmk ncne dcjkqon |kaqn Lkc}qke mn Dc|~ok| t \kedld}~m mn
Onmdlfonc}k| rfqf Jfqofldf| mn Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m tHk|rd}fen|#
]k}fe mn \fedmf| (LKE^OCF L$0
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\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKE^OCF M? F)A/L$
N| ef lfc}dmfm md|rkcdaen nc Nxd|}ncldf| v~n }dncnef Jfqofldf f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n mn ef |nofcf# N| neqn|~e}fmk mn ef |~of mne |femk dcdldfe oæ| ne }k}fe mn
nc}qfmf| onck| ef |fedmf#
\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKE^OCF M? F)A/L$
62
Lfc}dmfm Ck Mn|rflhfmf0 LKE^OCF N
Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k ck mn|rflhfmk
rfqf n|}n rnqdkmk qnrkq}fmk nc ne Qngd|}qk mnLfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf| rkq Jfqofldf| t R~n|}k|
mn \fe~m#
Lfc}dmfm Ck Mn|rflhfmf0 LKE^OCF N
6>
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO 7Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
O~cdldrdk0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mne o~cdldrdk mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}ndcjkqon#
O~cdldrdk0 R~naek C~nzk
Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf (CQ$0
\n fck}fqæ nc lkelhüc mn |ng~qdmfm mn dc|~ok| rfqfek| o~cdldrdk|% nc ne lf|k mn ek| o~cdldrdk| v~n l~nc}fc
lkc akmngf f cdzne mn \DEFD\ |~ cdzne mn qn|nqzf n| 1on|n|9 |d ck l~nc}fc lkc Akmngf nc \DEFD\ |~ cdzne mn
qn|nqzf |nqæ mn 1#>#
Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf0 1 on|n|
=# Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mn ef ―Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe ‟
Ck#
\n n|lqdadqæ nc cðonqk mn ef qnv~d|f% rqnc~onqfmf rkq
Lkc}fadedmfm#
Ck# 1<2
\DEFD\0
Fck}fq ne ckoaqn mne \DEFD\ fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn neo~cdldrdk
\DEFD\0 N|}neï
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO\DGEDO8
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
\femk Fl}~fe ^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m (LKE^OCF N$
N| ef |~of }k}fe mn ek| |femk| fl}~fen| qnrkq}fmf rkq ek|R~n|}k| t Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m mne O~cdldrdk#
\femk Fl}~fe ^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m (LKE^OCF N$
71
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^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m mne o~cdldrdk
\femk ]k}fe0 (LKE^OCF J? M)N$
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lnc}qk| mn |fe~m
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(LKE^OCF J? M ) N $
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Lfc}dmfm Ck Mn|rflhfmf0 LKE^OCF G
Fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe mn onmdlfonc}k ck mn|rflhfmk
rfqf n|}n rnqdkmk qnrkq}fmk nc ne Qngd|}qk mnLfc}dmfmn| ck mn|rflhfmf| rkq Jfqofldf| t R~n|}k|
mn \fe~m#
Lfc}dmfm Ck Mn|rflhfmf0 LKE^OCF G
>
Lkc|~ok ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m (LKE^OCF H$0
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=8>
Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKE^OCF D ? (H)G$* CQ$
\n lfel~ef o~e}dredlfcmk ne lkc|~ok qnrkq}fmk rkq }kmf|
ef| ^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m oæ| ef lfc}dmfm ck mn|rflhfmf(nc ne lf|k nc v~n h~adnqf kl~qqdmk mn|faf|}nldodnc}kmn ~c dc|~ok$ qnrkq}fmf| rkq Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf (1 ü
1#>$# Fv~ï |n }kof nc l~nc}f ~c cdzne mn qn|nqzf mndc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk fe }dnork rqkonmdk v~n }qfc|l~qqnnc}qn ef nefakqfldüc mne dcjkqon t ef nc}qngf mn rnmdmk|
rkq ne cdzne |~rnqdkq# \d ef| nxd|}ncldf| mn fegðconmdlfonc}k |kc oftkqn| f ef lfc}dmfm rqkgqfofmf%
ck |n |kedld}fqfc dc|~ok| nc n|}n on|#
Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKE^OCF D ? (H)G$* CQ$
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fl}~fe mne O^CDLDRDK
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(LKE^OCF @ ? D/J $
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LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Jnlhf0
Fck}n ne mïf% on| t fök v~n |n nefakqü ef |kedld}~m#
Jnlhf0 1:+2<+2:
Lümdgk0
\n qnjdnqn fe lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef ed|}faæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|#
Lümdgk 0 26212:12
Feancmfpke \~|r# 622og+> oe#
Mn|lqdrldüc0
\n qnjdnqn fe ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~nfl}~feonc}n kjnq}f ne ODC\F nc |~| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m
t v~n n|}æc mn|}dcfmk| f ef f}ncldüc f cdzne mn ef|^cdmfmn| mn F}ncldüc Rqdofqdf# \ï nxd|}n ~c rqkm~l}k
fmdldkcfe v~n ck n|}æ dcle~dmk rnqk v~n |n kjnq}f nc ef|^+\ r~nmn fgqngfq|n#
Mn|lqdrldüc
Feancmfpke \~|r# 622og+> oe#
Jlk# 12 oe#
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Fck}n ef ̂ cdmfm v~n |n ~}dedpf rfqf |kedld}fq ne rqkm~l}kfe cdzne |~rnqdkq (rkq% n`norek0 ~cdmfmn|% jqf|lk%
forkeef$# Ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf |n ncl~nc}qf qngd|}qfmfnc ef Ed|}f Aæ|dlf mn Onmdlfonc}k|#
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N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne feofläc
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nc ne on| fc}nqdkq#
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Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m#
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qn|~e}fmk mn ef |~of mne |femk dcdldfe oæ| ne }k}fe mnnc}qfmf| onck| ef |fedmf#
\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKE^OCF M? F)A/L$
42
42 jqf|lk| mn feancmfpke |n ncl~nc}qfc md|rkcdaen| ncne feofläc o~cdldrfe f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n
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\DGEDO\DGEDO2
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO 6Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
F~}kqdpfmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne mnefeofläc mn \DEFD\ (ü LDR\$ % t ef jnlhf nc v~n |n
f~}kqdpü#
Mfcdek Eürnp
18/2</2:
Qnldadmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n qnldadü ne rqkm~l}k o~cdldrfe t
ef jnlhf#
Of# Jnedx @ktf
14/2</122:
Nc}qngfmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof ef rnq|kcf v~n nc}qngf ek| dc|~ok| nc ne feofläcmn \DEFD\ (ü LDR\$ t ef jnlhf#
\fc}k| Okqfgf
14/2</122:
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf (LKE^OCF I$
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rkq rfq}n mn |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq# Gncnqfeonc}n% n|}flfc}dmfm |nqæ dmäc}dlf f ef Lfc}dmfm F~}kqdpfmf% nxlnr}k
nc fv~neek| lf|k| v~n h~adnqf mn|faf|}nldodnc}k nc ef|akmngf| mn \DEFD\ ü LDR\#
Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf
(LKE^OCF I $
822
\n |~gdnqn qnmkcmnfq ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf rfqfgfqfc}dpfq ef |ng~qdmfm mn ek| rqkm~l}k|#
Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf (LKE^OCF I$
N| ef lfc}dmfm v~n |n en nc}qngf fe feofläc o~cdldrferkq rfq}n mn |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq# Gncnqfeonc}n% n|}f
lfc}dmfm |nqæ dmäc}dlf f ef Lfc}dmfm F~}kqdpfmf% nxlnr}knc fv~neek| lf|k| v~n h~adnqf mn|faf|}nldodnc}k nc ef|
akmngf| mn \DEFD\ ü LDR\#
Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf
(LKE^OCF I$
822
\n |~gdnqn qnmkcmnfq ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf rfqf
gfqfc}dpfq ef |ng~qdmfm mn ek| rqkm~l}k|#
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Fv~ï |n fck}fqfc ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk t ne lk|}k }k}fe# Nelk|}k ~cd}fqdk n| ne rqnldk qnjen`fmk nc ef qnv~d|f rfqflfmf ~cdmfm mn rqkm~l}k# T ne lk|}k }k}fe qn|~e}f mn
ef o~e}dredlfldüc nc}qn ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk rkq ef lfc}dmfmf}ncmdmf#
LK\]K\ (Lke~ocf E$
^cd}fqdk ]k}fe
1#>6 1228
KA\NQZFLDKCN\
Fv~ï |n fck}fqæ l~fev~dnq lkonc}fqdk qnefldkcfmk lkc ef|kedld}~m mn onmdlfonc}k| njnl}~fmf#
\kedld}fmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nefakqf ne dcjkqon t ef jnlhf ncv~n |kedld}ü#
Of# Jnedx @ktf
1:/2</122:
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Jnlhf0
Fck}n ne mïf% on| t fök v~n |n nefakqü ef |kedld}~m#
Jnlhf0 <2/2=/122:
Lümdgk0
\n qnjdnqn fe lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef ed|}f
aæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|#
Lümdgk 0 26212>62
On}qkcdmfpke \~|r# 61>og+> oe#
Mn|lqdrldüc0
\n qnjdnqn fe ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| v~nfl}~feonc}n kjnq}f ne ODC\F nc |~| ^cdmfmn| mn
\fe~m#
Mn|lqdrldüc
On}qkcdmfpke \~|r# 61>og+> oe#Jlk# 612 oe#
># Qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\
Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mn ef ―Qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\‟
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Ck#
\n n|lqdadqæ nc cðonqk mn ef qnv~d|f% rqnc~onqfmf rkq Lkc}fadedmfm
Ck# 782
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\DEFD\0 Enüc
Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf0
\n fck}fqæ nc lkelhüc mn |ng~qdmfm mn dc|~ok| rfqfef ^cdmfm9 rkq n`norek 1#> on|n| rfqf akmngf| mn
\DEFD\#
Cdzne mn Qn|nqzf0 1#> on|n|
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKE^OCF D ? (H)G$* CQ$
\n lfel~ef o~e}dredlfcmk ne lkc|~ok oæ| ef lfc}dmfm ckmn|rflhfmf rkq 1#> on|n|# Fv~ï |n }kof nc l~nc}f ~c
cdzne mn qn|nqzf mn dc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk fe }dnork rqkonmdkv~n }qfc|l~qqn nc}qn ef nefakqfldüc mne dcjkqon t ef nc}qngfmn rnmdmk| rkq ne cdzne |~rnqdkq# \d ef| nxd|}ncldf| mn fegðc
onmdlfonc}k |kc oftkqn| f ef lfc}dmfm rqkgqfofmf% ck|n |kedld}fqfc dc|~ok| nc n|}n on|#
Lfc}dmfm Rqkgqfofmf0 (LKE^OCF D ? (H)G$* CQ$
62>77
Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf (LKE^OCF @ ? D/J$
Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm v~n |kedld}f f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq# N|}f|n lfel~ef qn|}fcmk mn ef lfc}dmfm rqkgqfofmf ne |femk
}k}fe mne \DEFD\
Lfc}dmfm \kedld}fmf0
(LKE^OCF @ ? D/J $
>4:<
Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf (LKE^OCF I$
N| ef lfc}dmfm v~n |n en nc}qngf fe feoflnc mne \DEFD\rkq rfq}n mne LDR\#
Lfc}dmfm F}ncmdmf
(LKE^OCF I $
:222
\n |~gdnqn qnmkcmnfq ef lfc}dmfm f}ncmdmf rfqfgfqfc}dpfq ef dc}ngqdmfm mne norfv~n#
Lk|}k| (LKE^OCF E$
Fv~ï |n fck}fqfc ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk t ne lk|}k }k}fe# Ne
lk|}k ~cd}fqdk n| ne rqnldk qnjen`fmk nc ef qnv~d|f rfqflfmf ~cdmfm mn rqkm~l}k# T ne lk|}k }k}fe qn|~e}f mn
ef o~e}dredlfldüc nc}qn ne lk|}k ~cd}fqdk rkq ef lfc}dmfm
f}ncmdmf#
LK\]K\ (Lke~ocf E$
^cd}fqdk ]k}fe
6>#1< 46=27
KA\NQZFLDKCN\
Fv~ï |n fck}fqæ l~fev~dnq lkonc}fqdk qnefldkcfmk lkc ef|kedld}~m mn onmdlfonc}k| njnl}~fmf#
\kedld}fmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n nefakqf ne dcjkqon t ef jnlhf#
Mfedef Eürnp
26/2>/122:
F~}kqdpfmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|f cdzne lnc}qfe t ef jnlhf#
\nqgdk Rfefldk|
2</2>/122:
Qnldadmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof mn ef rnq|kcf v~n qnldadü ne rqkm~l}k t ef jnlhf#
Mfedef Eürnp
2:/2>/122:
Nc}qngfmk t jnlhf0
Jdqof ef rnq|kcf v~n nc}qngf ek| dc|~ok|nc ne LDR\ t ef jnlhf#
En|}nq Ofq}ïcnp
2:/2>/122:
^cdmfm0
Fck}n ef ̂ cdmfm v~n |n ~}dedpf rfqf |kedld}fq ne rqkm~l}k
fe cdzne |~rnqdkq (rkq% n`norek0 ~cdmfmn|% jqf|lk%forkeef$# Ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf |n ncl~nc}qf qngd|}qfmf
nc ef Ed|}f Aæ|dlf mn Onmdlfonc}k|#
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
^cdmfm mn Onmdmf
Jqf|lk JLK#
\femk Dcdldfe0 (LKE^OCF F$0
N|lqdadq ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| v~n }ncïf ne feofläc
l~fcmk dcdldü ne rnqdkmk v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|}nmf}k mnan lkdcldmdq lkc ne |femk fl}~fe qnrkq}fmk nc ne
dcjkqon fc}nqdkq#
\femk Dcdldfe
(Lke~ocf F$
><28
]k}fe mn Nc}qfmf| (LKE^OCF A$0
Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm mn dc|~ok| qnldadmk| mne feofläc mneLDR\#
]k}fe mn Nc}qfmf|
(LKE^OCF A$0
=122
]k}fe \fedmf (LKE^OCF L$0
Fck}n ef lfc}dmfm mn rqkm~l}k nc}qngfmk f ek|O~cdldrdk| m~qfc}n ne rnqïkmk qnrkq}fmk#
]k}fe mn \fedmf| (LKE^OCF L$0
:122
\femk Fl}~fe nc Feofläc mne \DEFD\(LKE^OCF M ? F ) A / L$
N| ef nxd|}ncldf md|rkcdaen nc ne feofläc mne \DEFD\ f
ef jnlhf mn lkq}n mne rnqïkmk v~n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk# N|ne qn|~e}fmk mn ef |~of mne |femk dcdldfe oæ| ne }k}fe mn
nc}qfmf| onck| ef |fedmf#
\femk Fl}~fe (Jdcfe On|$ (LKE^OCF M? F)A/L$
<<28
\femk Fl}~fe mn O~cdldrdk| (LKE^OCF N$
N| ef |~of }k}fe mn ek| |femk| fl}~fen| qnrkq}fmf rkq ek|O~cdldrdk|#
\femk Fl}~fe O~cdldrdk| (LKE^OCF N$
6<2:
6<2: |kc ef| nxd|}ncldf| }k}fen| qnrkq}fmf| rkq ek|o~cdldrdk| mne \DEFD\ Enüc f ef jnlhf mn lkq}n#
\femk ]k}fe0 (LKE^OCF J? M)N$
N| ef |~of }k}fe mn ek| |femk| fl}~fen| qnrkq}fmfrkq ne feofläc mne \DEFD\ oæ| ek qnrkq}fmk rkq ek|
o~cdldrdk|#
\femk ]k}fe
(LKE^OCF J? M ) N $
=:6=
Lkc|~ok \DEFD\0 (LKE^OCF H$0
N| ef |~of mn ek| lkc|~ok| onc|~fen| qnrkq}fmf rkq ek| O~cdldrdk| nc ef| Qnv~d|f| mn Dc|~ok|#
Lkc|~ok ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m (LKE^OCF H$0
=62:
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
: Qngd|}qk mn Lfc}dmfmn| Ck Mn|rflhfmf| rkq qnln}f|
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO 7Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
:# Qngd|}qk mn Lfc}dmfmn| Ck Mn|rflhfmf| rkq qnln}f|
rfqf Jfqofldf| mn R~n|}k| t Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\ G
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\Dc|}q~l}dk rfqf ne eencfmk mn ―Qngd|}qk mn Lfc}dmfmn| Ck Mn|rflhfmf|
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\DGEDO\DGEDO8
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
Lfc}dmfm ]k}fe0
Rkq lfmf onmdlfonc}k qngd|}qfmk |n fck}fqæ fe jdcfe mneon| ef lfc}dmfm }k}fe ck f}ncmdmf ü mn|rflhfmf#
Nefakqfmk rkq0
Fck}fq ckoaqn| t frneedmk| mn ef rnq|kcf v~n qnfedpf ne
qngd|}qk
Lfc}dmfm ]k}fe0
6:
N|}qneef Rfqfï|k
r g r rkq qnln}f| rfqf Jfqofldf| mn R~n|}k| t Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m‟
LKC]NCDMK N@NOREK\
^cdmfm mn \fe~m0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mn ef ^cdmfm mn \fe~m v~n eencf n|}ndcjkqon
O~cdldrdk0
Fck}n ne ckoaqn mne o~cdldrdk fe l~fe rnq}ncnln ef^cdmfm mn \fe~m
On| mn Qngd|}qk0
Fck}n ne on| fe v~n lkqqn|rkcmn ne dcjkqon#
Lümdgk0
\n qnjdnqn fe lümdgk mne rqkm~l}k v~n frfqnln nc ef
ed|}f aæ|dlf mn onmdlfonc}k|# Ek| onmdlfonc}k| lkcckoaqn lkonqldfe ck |n fck}fqæc n|}n mf}k#
Mn|lqdrldüc mne onmdlfonc}k0
\n qnjdnqn fe ckoaqn mn ek| onmdlfonc}k|# Fv~ï
|n fck}fqæc ek| ckoaqn| mn ek| onmdlfonc}k| ckmn|rflhfmk| |nfc ä|}k| ek| v~n n|}æc nc ef Ed|}f
Aæ|dlf ü fv~neek| v~n j~nqkc rqn|lqd}k| lkc ckoaqn
lkonqldfe#
^+O0
Fck}n ef ̂ cdmfm v~n |n ~}dedpf rfqf |kedld}fq ne rqkm~l}kfe cdzne |~rnqdkq (rkq% n`norek0 ~cdmfmn|% jqf|lk%
forkeef$# Ef ̂ cdmfm mn onmdmf |n ncl~nc}qf qngd|}qfmfnc ef Ed|}f Aæ|dlf mn Onmdlfonc}k|#
Qnln}f|0
\n nc~onqfc ef lfc}dmfm ck mn|rflhfmf rkq lfmf
qnln}f ck f}ncmdmf# N`% Qnln}f Ck# 6% >2 lær|~ef|mn fordldedcf ck mn|rflhfmf|% qnln}f ck#1 (k}qk
rfldnc}n$ <> lær|~ef| mn fordldedcf ck mn|rflhfmf|#
Rfqf qnlkenl}fq n|}n mf}k |n mnanqæ qnzd|fq ef qnln}fck f}ncmdmf ef v~n e~ngk mn fck}fq ef lfc}dmfm |n en
mnzkeznqæ fe rfldnc}n#
Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0 Ef N|}qneef
Ncnqk/122:
O~cdldrdk0 Ef Jekq
Lümdgk0 266:2168
Rfqfln}foke (Fln}fodckjnc$ |~rk|d}kqdk <22 og#
Mn|lqdrldüc
Rfqfln}foke (Fln}fodckjnc$ |~rk|d}kqdk <22 og#
^cdmfm mn Onmdmf
\~r#
6 1 < = > : <2 <6
= > 7 2 2 2 2 2
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<
\DGEDO\DGEDO
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
<# \d|}nof mn faf|}nldodnc}k
N
| ne lkc`~c}k mn fl}dzdmfmn| v~n lkcm~lnc f ofc}ncnq ef| lfc}dmfmn|fmnl~fmf| mn dc|~ok| mn fl~nqmk f ef mnofcmf v~n rqn|nc}fc ek| mdjnqnc}n|
cdznen| mn qn|ke~ldüc#
Rfqf ne ekgqk mn ~c faf|}nldodnc}k krkq}~ck mn dc|~ok| t lkc|dmnqfcmk ef
mnofcmf f|ï lkok ef lfrfldmfm jï|dlf dc|}fefmf nc n|}faenldodnc}k| mn |fe~m% |nn|}faenlnc rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k v~n ofc}ncgfc ek| cdznen| mn nxd|}ncldf|cnln|fqdk| |ngðc ne cdzne mn qn|ke~ldüc#
Ek| rnqdkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k (jqnl~ncldf mn rnmdmk|$ n|}faenldmk| nc neOdcd|}nqdk mn \fe~m |kc ek| |dg~dnc}n|0
N|}faenldodnc}k mn \fe~m Rnqïkmk mn Qnfaf|}nldodnc}k
Feofläc mn \DEFD\ Adon|}qfeonc}n (mn fl~nqmk fe lfencmfqdk mn md|}qda~ldüc mne LDR\$
Feofläc O~cdldrfe Adon|}qfeonc}n (|dc Feofläc mn \DEFD\$ (mn fl~nqmk fe lfencmfqdk mn md|}qda~ldüc mne LDR\$
Feofläc O~cdldrfe Onc|~feonc}n ü Adon|}qfe (f oæ| }fqmfq ek| rqdonqk|(lkc feofläc mn \DEFD\$# ldclk mïf| mne on| |dg~dnc}n fe rnqïkmk qnrkq}fmk$#
Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m \nofcfeonc}n (f oæ| }fqmfq ek| mïf| E~cn| rkq ef }fqmn |dg~dnc}n f ef |nofcf v~n |n n|}æ qnrkq}fcmk$#
R~n|}k| mn \fe~m Onc|~feonc}n ü Adon|}qfe
(f oæ| }fqmfq ne 18 mne on| mne rnqïkmk qnrkq}fmk$
Ne faf|}nldodnc}k mn dc|~ok| f ef| ~cdmfmn| mn |fe~m |n qnfedpf mn fl~nqmk fek| rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k oncldkcfmk| nc ef }faef fc}nqdkq f }qfzä| mnrnmdmk| ckqofen|# \dc noafqgk% r~nmnc nxd|}dq |d}~fldkcn| v~n fonqd}nc ~crnmdmk mn nonqgncldf#
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
Rnmdmk ckqofe0
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Dc}nqrqn}fldüc mne ~`k rfqf rnmdmk| mn R~n|}k| mn \fe~m0
‡ Ef |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| rfqf r~n|}k| mn \fe~m }dncn ~cf jqnl~ncldf onc|~fe#N|}f |kedld}~m |n qnfedpfqæ nc ne dc|}q~onc}k mne \DGEDO n|}faenldmk% ne v~n
mnanqæ |nq nc}qngf fe qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| o~cdldrfe rk|}nqdkq fef jnlhf mn lkq}n n|}faenldmf#
‡ Nc ne Lnc}qk mn \fe~m lfanlnqf% ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|lkc|kedmfqæ onc|~feonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc mne okzdodnc}k mn ek| dc|~ok|oämdlk| mn }kmf| ef| ^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m v~n rnq}ncnlnc f |~ qnm mn|nqzdldk|# E~ngk ne O~cdldrdk hfqæ |kedld}~m mn |~ rnmdmk nc |~ Qnv~d|fO~cdldrfe f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq n|}faenldmk9 nc n|}n lf|k fe feofläc mn \DEFD\#
‡ F cdzne mne \DEFD\9 ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| lkc|kedmfqæ efdcjkqofldüc mn |~| o~cdldrdk| rfqf nefakqfq |~ |kedld}~m mn rnmdmk| fe LDR\9ef v~n rqnzdfonc}n |nqæ qnzd|fmf nc ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok|Oämdlk| (MCDO$# (Ek| qn|rkc|faen| mnanqæc nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| f efMCDO nc ne okonc}k v~n |kedld}nc |~ rnmdmk$#
‡ Ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| lkc|kedmfqæ ef dcjkqofldücnc ~cf af|n mn mf}k| ef v~n en rnqod}dqæ lkc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc |kaqn neokzdodnc}k mn }kmk| ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne cfldkcfe#
‡ Ne Lnc}qk mn Dc|~ok| rfqf ef \fe~m (LDR\$ nc}qngfqæ ek| rnmdmk| mn fl~nqmkf ef| lfc}dmfmn| |kedld}fmf| nc e k| dcjkqon| n|}faenldmk|#
N| ~c rnmdmk q~}dcfqdk v~n |n qnfedpf nc ek| rnqdkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k n|}faenldmk|#
Rnmdmk mn nonqgncldf
N| ~c rnmdmk ck q~}dcfqdk v~n |n qnfedpf l~fcmk |n rqnzä v~n hfaqæ fgk}fodnc}k mndc|~ok|% fc}n| mn ef jnlhf n|}faenldmf rfqf ne rqüxdok rnmdmk fe cdzne |~rnqdkq#
Rnmdmk| nx}qfrqkgqfofldkc k nx}qfrefc0
N| ~c rnmdmk v~n |n qnfedpf fmdldkcfe f ef rqkgqfofldüc nefakqfmk mnadmk f efcnln|dmfm mn gfqfc}dpfq ~c faf|}nldodnc}k fmnl~fmk f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m# Nc n|}nlf|k n|}n rnmdmk r~nmn |kedld}fq|n fmdldkcfe fe rnmdmk ckqofe#
Fegkqd}ok| rfqf ne ~`k mn ef dcjkqofldüc
Dcjkqon| f ~}dedpfq rfqf |kedld}fq rnmdmk|
6# \DEFD\ v~n l~nc}fc lkc feoflncn| qngdkcfen|
6#6 Rnmdmk| mnR~n|}k| mn \fe~m0 R~n|}k mn \fe~m0
Lkc}qke mn Okzdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok|Oämdlk| rfqf Jfqofldf mn
Lnc}qk mn \fe~mJqnl~ncldf0 Onc|~fe
O~cdldrdk0 Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe
Jqnl~ncldf0 Onc|~fe
\DEFD\0Qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\
Jqnl~ncldf0 Adon|}qfe
MCDO Qnzd|f t qn|rfemf mf}k|
LDR\
Nc}qngf rnmdmk|
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO 7Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
Dc}nqrqn}fldüc mne ~`k0
‡ Nc ne lf|k mn ef| Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m% ne qn|rkc|faen mnanqæ eencfq mk|dc|}q~onc}k|0 \nofcfeonc}n mnanqæ qnfedpfq ef |kedld}~m mn rnmdmk nc ef ―Qnv~d|fmn Jfqofldf‟ mne \DGEDO# T fmnoæ| onc|~feonc}n mnanqæ nc}qngfq ne ―Lkc}qke mnOkzdodnc}k mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m‟#
‡ Nc ne Lnc}qk mn \fe~m lfanlnqf |n en| faf|}nlnqæ |nofcfeonc}n mn fl~nqmk fe
lfencmfqdk n|}faenldmk#
‡ Ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| o~cdldrfe lkc|kedmfqæ onc|~feonc}n efdcjkqofldüc mne okzdodnc}k mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn }kmf| ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~mdcle~tncmk r~n|}k| t lnc}qk| mn |fe~m rnq}ncnlnc f |~ qnm mn |nqzdldk|# E~ngk ne
O~cdldrdk hfqæ |kedld}~m mn |~ rnmdmk nc |~ Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq n|}faenldmk9 nc n|}n lf|k fe feofläc mn \DEFD\#
‡ Ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn \DEFD\ lkc|kedmfqæ ef dcjkqofldüc mn|~| o~cdldrdk| rfqf nefakqfq |~ |kedld}~m mn rnmdmk| fe LDR\9 ef v~n rqnzdfonc}n|nqæ qnzd|fmf nc ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| (MCDO$# (Ek|qn|rkc|faen | mnanqæc nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| f ef MCDO nc ne okonc}k v~n
|kedld}nc |~ rnmdmk$#
‡ Ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| lkc|kedmfqæ ef dcjkqofldüc nc ~cf
af|n mn mf}k| ef v~n en rnqod}dqæ lkc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc |kaqn ne okzdodnc}k mn}kmk| ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne cfldkcfe#
‡ Ne Lnc}qk mn Dc|~ok| rfqf ef \fe~m (LDR\$ nc}qngfqæ ek| rnmdmk| mn fl~nqmk f ef|
lfc}dmfmn| |kedld}fmf| nc ek| dcjkqon| n|}faenldmk|#
6#6 Jfqofldf| mn Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m
Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0
―Lkc}qke mn Okzdodnc}kmn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|
rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qkmn \fe~m‟
Jqnl~ncldf0 Onc|~fe
Lnc}qk mn \fe~m0―Qnv~d|f mn Jfqofldf‟
Jqnl~ncldf0 \nofcfe
O~cdldrdk0 Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe
Jqnl~ncldf0 Onc|~fe
\DEFD\0Qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\
Jqnl~ncldf0 Adon|}qfe
MCDOQnzd|f t qn|rfemf mf}k|
LDR\Nc}qngf rnmdmk|
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|
1# O~cdldrdk| v~n ck l~nc}fc lkcfeoflncn| qngdkcfen|
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\DGEDO\DGEDO8
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
=
g
\DEFD\0Qnzd|f ef| qnv~d|f|
O~cdldrdk0 Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe
MCDOQnzd|f t qn|rfemf mf}k|
LDR\
Nc}qngf rnmdmk|
Dc}nqrqn}fldüc mne ~`k0
Nc n|}n je~`k ef zfqdfc}n n| v~n ne o~cdldrdk ck l~nc}f lkc feoflncn| fcdzne mn \DEFD\#
‡ Nc ne Lnc}qk mn \fe~m lfanlnqf |n lkc|kedmfqæ onc|~feonc}n ef dcjkqofldücmne okzdodnc}k mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn }kmf| ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m v~nrnq}ncnlnc f |~ qnm mn |nqzdldk|# E~ngk ne O~cdldrdk hfqæ |kedld}~m mn |~rnmdmk nc |~ Qnv~d|f O~cdldrfe f |~ cdzne |~rnqdkq n|}faenldmk9 nc n|}n lf|k
fe feofläc mne LDR\#
‡ Ne qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| o~cdldrfe nefakqfqæ |~ |kedld}~m mnrnmdmk| fe LDR\9 ef v~n rqnzdfonc}n |nqæ qnzd|fmf nc ef Mdqnlldüc mnCkqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| O ämdlk| (MCDO$# (Ek| qn|rkc|faen| mnanqæc nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| f ef MCDO nc ne okonc}k v~n |kedld}nc |~ rnmdmk$#
‡ Ef Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| lkc|kedmfqæ ef dcjkqofldüc
nc ~cf af|n mn mf}k| ef v~n en rnqod}dqæ lkc}fq lkc dcjkqofldüc |kaqn neokzdodnc}k mn }kmk| ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| f cdzne cfldkcfe#
‡ Ne Lnc}qk mn Dc|~ok| rfqf ef \fe~m (LDR\$ nc}qngfqæ ek| rnmdmk| mn fl~nqmkf ef| lfc}dmfmn| |kedld}fmf| nc ek| dcjkqon| n|}faenldmk|#
\DGEDO\DGEDO
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
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\DGEDO
\DGEDO 6Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
=# Okcd}kqnk mne |d|}nof mn
dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc
ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok|% \DGEDO
N| ne lkc`~c}k mn flldkcn| v~n rnqod}nc znqdjdlfq% nc jkqof lkc}dc~f% v~n ef|fl}dzdmfmn| ekgï|}dlf| f|dgcfmf| f lfmf cdzne mn qn|ke~ldüc |n n|}äc qnfedpfcmk
lkqqnl}fonc}n# Lkc ne okcd}kqnk% |n r~nmn dmnc}djdlfq ef |d}~fldüc fl}~fe f}qfzä| mn ef qnzd|düc mn qngd|}qk|% qnrkq}n| n dcjkqon| (Dcjkqon| mn Okzdodnc}k tQnv~d|f mn |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok|$ k rkq onmdk mn lkc|~e}f| (qfmdk% jfx% }neäjkck%lkqqnk% n/ofde$ lkc ne rnq|kcfe dczke~lqfmk#
Rqkrü|d}k| mne okcd}kqnk
‡ Dmnc}dlfq ne fzfcln mne mn|fqqkeek mn ef| fl}dzdmfmn|#
‡ Dmnc}dlfq krkq}~cfonc}n ek| jfl}kqn| }älcdlk| t fmodcd|}qf}dzk| v~n dc}nqnqnc nc ne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk#
‡ ]kofq mnld|dkcn| dconmdf}f|#
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ek| n|}æcmfqn| t qng~efldkcn| n|}faenldmf| nc ef| ckqof| dc|}d}~ldkcfen|#
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
=#1 Qn|rkc|fadedmfmn| nc ef dorenonc}fldkc mne=#6 \~rnqd|düc mne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \d|}nof mn
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\d|}nof Ekgd|}dlk |ng~c cdnen| mn qn|ke~ldüc
Rfqf gfqfc}dpfq ne fmnl~fmk j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk mn Dc|~ok|Oämdlk| n| cnln|fqdk lkcklnq t rkcnq nc rqæl}dlf ef| qn|rkc|fadedmfmn| mn lfmfcdzne mn qn|ke~ldüc0
D# CDzNE LNC]QFE
f$ Mdqnlldüc mn Ckqofldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|0
‡ Lkc|kedmfq adon|}qfeonc}n ef| qnv~d|f| o~cdldrfen| t mn \DEFD\ rfqf dc|~ok|oämdlk|#
‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mn
ofcnqf krkq}~cf#
‡ Okcd}kqnfq t |~rnqzd|fq ef| qnv~d|f| f }qfzä| mn ef| af|n| mn mf}k| nczdfmf|rkq ek| \DEFD\ t+k o~cdldrdk| mn|lnc}qfedpfmk|#
‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ek| \DEFD\ t+k o~cdldrdk| mn|lnc}qfedpfmk| flnqlf mn ek|f|rnl}k| rk|d}dzk| t ek| v~n cnln|d}fc qnjkqpfq#
‡ F~}kqdpfq nc }dnork t jkqof ef| lfc}dmfmn| mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| |kedld}fmk| rkq
ek| \DEFD\ t+k o~cdldrdk| f }qfzä| mn ef| qnv~d|f| n|}faenldmf| nc ne \DGEDO#
‡ Qnfedpfq zd|d}f| mn lfork f ek| cdznen| eklfen| f jdc mn nzfe~fq nej~cldkcfodnc}k mne \DGEDO#
a$ Lnc}qk mn Dc|~ok rfqf ef \fe~m (LDR\$0
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof| mn feoflncfodnc}k n|}faenldmf|#
‡ Mn|rflhfq f ek| \DEFD\ t+k o~cdldrdk| ef| lfc}dmfmn| mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|f~}kqdpfmf| rkq ef MCDO nc ek| dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO n|}faenldmk|#
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof}dzf| mn lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk|n|}faenldmf|#
‡ Okcd}kqnfq ek| cdznen| mn nxd|}ncldf| mn ek| mdjnqnc}n| dc|~ok| rnqdümdlfonc}n#
Dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef Gn|}düc Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| \DGEDO
Ef| }fqnf| mn ~c |~rnqzd|kq |kc0
‡ Nekgdfq t qnjkqpfq ne a~nc mn|nornök#
‡ Frktfq f ek| |~rnqzd|fmk| ft~mæcmken| f ka}ncnq ek v~n cnln|d}fc rfqf hflnq
~c a~nc }qfaf`k#
‡ ]qfaf`fq lkc ne rnq|kcfe f |~ lfqgk rfqf qn|keznq krkq}~cfonc}n ek| rqkaenof|nclkc}qfmk|#
‡ Dmnc}djdlfq ef| cnln|dmfmn| mn lfrfld}fldüc mne rnq|kcfe t qnjkqpfqek|#
‡ Lfrfld}fq fe rnq|kcfe mn ef| hfadedmfmn| cnln|fqdf| k hflnq ek| fqqngek|cnln|fqdk| rfqf v~n qnldafc ef lfrfld}fldüc#
‡ Mfq |ng~dodnc}k f ek| rqkaenof|#
‡ F|ng~qfq v~n |n lkckplfc t |n |dgfc ek| edcnfodnc}k| mn ef ekgï|}dlfn|}faenldmk|#
Rfqf neek |n mnanc n|}faenlnq ef| qn|rkc|fadedmfmn| t j~cldkcn| mne rnq|kcfe mn
fl~nqmk fe cdzne mn qn|ke~ldüc#
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
a$ Qn|rkc|faen| mn Feofläc mn \DEFD\0DD# CDzNE MN \DEFD\
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| nc}qngfmk| adon|}qfeonc}nrkq ne LDR\#
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof}dzf| mn lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk| tfeoflncfodnc}k n|}faenldmf|#
l$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| mn \DEFD\ (\dc Feofläc mn \DEFD\$#
‡ Qnzd|fq ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfen| mn lfmf ~ck mn ek| o~cdldrdk| rqnzdk f efnc}qngf f ef Mdqnlldüc mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|#
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ef nc}qngf mn ef af|n mn mf}k| mn ek| o~cdldrdk| lkc ef dcjkqofldücfl}~fedpfmf lfmf znp v~n qnfedln ef |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| fe LDR\#
‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mnofcnqf krkq}~cf#
‡ Okcd}kqnfq t |~rnqzd|fq ne eencfmk mn ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO nc ef|^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m mn |~ }nqqd}kqdk#
‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ek| O~cdldrdk| |kaqn ef| mnadedmfmn| dmnc}djdlfmf|#
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq v~n ne mn|rflhk mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| |n qnfedln f }qfzä| mn ek|dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO#
‡ Qnfedpfq zd|d}f| mn lfork f ef| ~cdmfmn| mn |fe~m lkqqn|rkcmdnc}n| f jdc mnnzfe~fq ne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \DGEDO#
‡ Ofc}ncnq n|}qnlhf lkkqmdcfldüc lkc ef| mnrncmncldf| mn ef MCDO nc ne CdzneLnc}qfe#
f$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| mn \DEFD\ (̂ cdmfmn| lkc Feofläcqngdkcfe$#
‡ Lkc|kedmfq ef dcjkqofldüc mne okzdodnc}k mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mn |~|o~cdldrdk|#
‡ Nefakqfq adon|}qfeonc}n ef qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\#
‡ Nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| lkc ef dcjkqofldüc fl}~fedpfmf lfmf znp v~n qnfedlnef |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| fe LDR\#
‡ Qnod}dq adon|}qfe ef qnv~d|f mn \DEFD\ f ef MCDO nc n|}qdl}k l~oredodnc}k| fek| rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k n|}faenldmk|#
‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mnofcnqf krkq}~cf#
‡ Okcd}kqnfq t |~rnqzd|fq ne eencfmk mn ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO nc ef|^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m mn |~ }nqqd}kqdk#
‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ek| O~cdldrdk| |kaqn ef| mnadedmfmn| dmnc}djdlfmf|#
‡ F~}kqdpfq nc ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mn \DGEDO n|}faenldmk| ef| lfc}dmfmn| mndc|~ok| oämdlk| f mn|rflhfq|n f ek| O~cdldrdk|#
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq v~n ne mn|rflhk mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| |n qnfedln f }qfzä| mn ek|dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO#
‡ Qnfedpfq zd|d}f| mn lfork f ef| ~cdmfmn| mn |fe~m lkqqn|rkcmdnc}n| f jdc mnnzfe~fq ne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \DGEDO#
‡ Ofc}ncnq n|}qnlhf lkkqmdcfldüc lkc ef| mnrncmncldf| mn ef MCDO nc ne CdzneLnc}qfe#
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
O~cdldrdk| v~n l~nc}fc lkc feoflncn| f cdzne mne \DEFD\DDD# CDZNE MN O^CDLDRDK\0
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\DGEDO\DGEDO
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO 7Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
f$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| O~cdldrfe (LKC feofläc nc \DEFD\$0
‡ Nefakqfq onc|~feonc}n ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfe mne \DGEDO#
‡ Nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| lkc ef dcjkqofldüc fl}~fedpfmf lfmf znp v~n qnfedln ef
|kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| fe \DEFD\ (nc ne lf|k mn ek| o~cdldrdk| gqfcmn| v~n l~nc}fclkc lkor~}fmkqf|$#
‡ Qnod}dq onc|~feonc}n (k adon|}qfeonc}n$ ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfe f ef MCDO ncn|}qdl}k l~oredodnc}k| f e k| rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k n|}faenldmk|#
‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mnofcnqf krkq}~cf#
‡ Okcd}kqnfq t |~rnqzd|fq ne eencfmk mn ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO nc ef|^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m mn |~ }nqqd}kqdk#
‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m |kaqn ef| mnadedmfmn| dmnc}djdlfmf|#
‡ F~}kqdpfq nc ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mn \DGEDO n|}faenldmk| ef| lfc}dmfmn| mndc|~ok| oämdlk| f mn|rflhfq|n f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq v~n ne mn|rflhk mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| |n qnfedln f }qfzä| mn ek|dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO#
‡ Qnfedpfq zd|d}f| mn lfork f ef| ~cdmfmn| mn |fe~m lkqqn|rkcmdnc}n| f jdc mnnzfe~fq ne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \DGEDO#
‡ Ofc}ncnq n|}qnlhf lkkqmdcfldüc lkc ef| mnrncmncldf| mn ef MCDO nc ne \DEFD\#
a$ Qn|rkc|faen| mn Feofläc O~cdldrfe (lkc feofläc nc \DEFD\$0
‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| nc}qngfmk| adon|}qfeonc}n üonc|~fe rkq rfq}n mne \DEFD\
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof}dzf| mn lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk| tfeoflncfodnc}k n|}faenldmf|#
‡ Nc}qngfq rnmdmk| f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m nc ek| jkqof}k| n|}faenldmk|#
O~cdldrdk| v~n ck l~nc}fc lkc feoflncn| f cdzne mne \DEFD\
f$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Dc|~ok| Oämdlk| O~cdldrfe (|dc feofläc nc \DEFD\$0
‡ Nefakqfq adon|}qfeonc}n ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfe mne \DGEDO#
‡ Nc}qngfq ef af|n mn mf}k| lkc ef dcjkqofldüc fl}~fedpfmf lfmf znp v~n qnfedlnef |kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| fe LDR\9 rqnzdfonc}n qnzd|fmf rkq ne+ef qn|rkc|faen mn
Dc|~ok| Oämdlk|#
‡ Qnod}dq adon|}qfe ef qnv~d|f o~cdldrfe f ef MCDO% (rqnzdf qnzd|düc mne \DEFD\$ nc
n|}qdl}k l~oredodnc}k| f e k| rnqïkmk| mn qnfaf|}nldodnc}k n|}faenldmk|#
‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mnofcnqf krkq}~cf#
‡ Okcd}kqnfq t |~rnqzd|fq ne eencfmk mn ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO nc ef|^cdmfmn| mn \fe~m mn |~ }nqqd}kqdk#
‡ Qn}qkfedonc}fq f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m |kaqn ef| mnadedmfmn| dmnc}djdlfmf|#
‡ F~}kqdpfq nc ek| Dc|}q~onc}k| mn \DGEDO n|}faenldmk| ef| lfc}dmfmn| mn dc|~ok|oämdlk| f mn|rflhfq|n f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn \fe~m
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq v~n ne mn|rflhk mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| |n qnfedln f }qfzä| mn ek|
dc|}q~onc}k| mne \DGEDO#
‡ Qnfedpfq zd|d}f| mn lfork f ef| ~cdmfmn| mn |fe~m lkqqn|rkcmdnc}n| f jdc mnnzfe~fq ne j~cldkcfodnc}k mne \DGEDO#
‡ Ofc}ncnq n|}qnlhf lkkqmdcfldüc lkc ef| mnrncmncldf| mn ef MCDO nc ne CdzneLnc}qfe#
a$ Qn|rkc|faen| mn Feofläc o~cdldrfe (|dc Feofläc mn \DEFD\$0
‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk| nc}qngfmk| adon|}qfeonc}n rkq ne LDR\#
‡ Gfqfc}dpfq ne l~oredodnc}k mn ef| ckqof}dzf| mn lkc}qke mn dcznc}fqdk| t
feoflncfodnc}k n|}faenldmf|#
‡ Nc}qngfq rnmdmk| f ef| ̂ cdmfmn| mn |fe~m nc ek| jkqof}k| n|}faenldmk|#
\DGEDO\d|}nof mn dcjkqofldüc rfqf ef gn|}düc ekgï|}dlf mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| \DGEDO\DGEDO
Ofc~fe mn rqklnmdodnc}k|
Adaedkgqfjf0
Dz# CDzNE MN ^CDMFMN\ RQN\]FMKQF\ MN \NQzDLDK\
f$ Qn|rkc|faen mn Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk| mn \fe~m
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\DGEDO\DGEDO8
Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
\DGEDO
\DGEDO Odcd|}nqdkmn \fe~m
‡ LML/@\D G~ïf mn ake|deek rfqf ef fmodcd|}qfldüc mn dc|~ok| fc}dlkclnr}dzk|%
Ckzdnoaqn% 1222
‡ Cdlfqfg~f% Odcd|}nqdk mn \fe~m Ckqof Cfldkcfe \d|}nof Ekgï|}dlk mnfc}dlkclnr}dzk| ODC\F+JC^FR 6qf# Nmdldüc Ofcfg~f% 1226
‡ Ofc~fe mne L~q|k nc Fmodcd|}qfldüc ekgï|}dlf rfqf Rqkgqfof| mn \fe~m\nx~fe t Qnrqkm~l}dzf% Rqktnl}k mn Fmodcd|}qfldüc Ekgï|}dlf rfqf
Refcdjdlfldüc Jfodedfq+@\D#6444% Fqedcg}kc Zdqgdcdf#
‡ G~ïf| Ekgï|}dlf| rfqf Rqkgqfof| mn Refcdjdlfldüc Jfodedfq LML% +@\D#
‡ Ne \~odcd|}qk mn onmdlfonc}k|% Ofcfgnonc} \ldncln| jkq Hnfe}h% |nqdn|Rfe}nx rfqf n`nl~}kqn| mn rqkgqfof| mn |fe~m#
‡ Ofc~fe mn ]feenq |kaqn Ekgï|}dlf mn Dc|~ok| Fc}dlkclnr}dzk|# Rqktnl}k mn
Fmodcd|}qfldüc Ekgï|}dlf @\D+JERO% Faqdde 1222#
Adaedkgqfjf0‡ Nefakqfq onc|~feonc}n ne Dcjkqon mn Lkc}qke mn okzdodnc}k| mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|
rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m mne \DGEDO#
‡ \kedld}fq |nofcfeonc}n ek| dc|~ok| nc ef Qnv~d|f rfqf Jfqofldf n|}faenldmf nc ne\DGEDO#
‡ Qnod}dq onc|~feonc}n Dcjkqon mn Lkc}qke mn okzdodnc}k| mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|
rfqf Jfqofldf mn Lnc}qk mn \fe~m fe qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mneo~cdldrdk#
‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mnofcnqf krkq}~cf#
‡ Okcd}kqnk t znqdjdlfldüc mn ek| cdznen| mn nxd|}ncldf| onc|~feonc}n#
‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn ek| dc|~ok| oämdlk|
‡ Feoflncfq fmnl~fmfonc}n ek| dc|~ok| fc}dlkclnr}dzk| nc}qngfmk| rkq nefeofläc o~cdldrfe#
‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mnofcnqf krkq}~cf#
a$ Qn|rkc|faen mn R~n|}k| mn \fe~m
‡ Nefakqfq onc|~feonc}n ne Dcjkqon mn Okzdodnc}k t \kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|rfqf R~n|}k| mn \fe~m mne \DGEDO#
‡ Qnod}dq onc|~feonc}n Dcjkqon mn Okzdodnc}k t \kedld}~m mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|
rfqf R~n|}k| mn \fe~m mne \DGEDO fe qn|rkc|faen mn dc|~ok| oämdlk| mneo~cdldrdk#
‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mnofcnqf krkq}~cf#
‡ Okcd}kqnk t znqdjdlfldüc mn ek| cdznen| mn nxd|}ncldf| onc|~feonc}n#
‡ Rfq}dldrfq nc ef qnlnrldüc mn dc|~ok| oämdlk|
‡ Feoflncfq fmnl~fmfonc}n ek| dc|~ok| nc}qngfmk| rkq ne feofläc o~cdldrfe#
‡ Fcfedpfq rnqdümdlfonc}n ef dcjkqofldüc md|rkcdaen f jdc mn }kofq mnld|dkcn| mnofcnqf krkq}~cf#
5/11/2018 QUIMICA Y FARMACIA-UNIMET-ESTELI SIGLIM - slidepdf.com
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5/11/2018 QUIMICA Y FARMACIA-UNIMET-ESTELI SIGLIM - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/quimica-y-farmacia-unimet-esteli-siglim 38/38
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