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PREPARING AND MAKINGSCIENTIFIC PRESENTATION
Omar Yaakob
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Synopsis
The objective of this presentation is to share with you some important points to bear in mind while
preparing and giving a presentation. The first part is about preparing the slides, what should beincorporated in a good slides. The second part is about giving an interesting and convincingpresentation. The most important tip is to be really prepared. You will never prepare a goodpresentation if you are not prepared.
A good slide is one that can help the audience understand what you are talking about. So it must beclear and easy to read and follow . Also, you must remember that during presentation, you areexpected to to explain your stuff, not read it to the audience like what I am doing right now
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Part 1:
Guidelines for creating effectiveslides
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Goals
A presentation is a reflection of you andyour work. You want to make the best
possible impression in the short amount of
time given you.
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The Slides should..
Enhance Understanding
Add Variety Support Claims
Lasting Impact
Used PoorlyA DistractionIneffective
Presentation
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Slides Should
Supplement presentation
Outline of main points
Serve audiences needs, not speakers
Simple and clear
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Slides helps to:
Improve comprehension
Add variety
Illustrate complex ideas
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y Make it simple.
y Make it clear.y Dont let the technology dominate the
presentation. You want the audience to
remember the quality of your research, notyour PowerPoint wizardry.
Guiding Principles
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What are the key points you want to
make?
Who is your audience?
What are they interested in hearing and How familiar are they with your topic?
Do they expect data or concepts?
Remember: A presentation is different than a
paper. Dont try to cover everything.
Preparation
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What will you cover, what can be eliminated?
How much detail do you need?
Remember, your time and your audiencesattention are limited.
For any part of your presentation, ask
yourself So what?
Gather Resources
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Background
There are over28 000 species of fish which have expressedastonishing evolutionary diversity in propulsion system for maneuvering in
aquatic environment. Inspired by the capabilities of fish to hold its body
stable and maneuver in the water, researches have showed great interest
in studying functions of fish in locomotion, so as to design and develop
underwater vehicles (Lauder, 2006). Fishes have numerous control
surfaces such as fins which are used during locomotion to maintain bodyposition when maneuvering, hovering or during propulsion. These control
surfaces in fish are used simultaneously to transfer momentum to the
surrounding water during locomotion. In other words fish swim by exerting
force against the surrounding water. There are exceptions, but this is
normally achieved by the fish contracting muscles on either side of its
body in order to generate waves of flexion that travel the length of the
body from nose to tail, generally getting larger as they go along. The
vector forces exerted on the water by such motion cancel out laterally, but
generate a net force backwards which in turn pushes the fish forward
through the water (Brackenbury, 2001).
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Make sure you cover your main points.
Ensure smooth flow of argument, storyline
Be concrete. Use examples, statistics,
Reiteration, comparison.
Body
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Give a summary
Emphasize the mostimportant/significant points/findings.
Conclusion
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When making slides, use a light
background and dark letters, or light texton a dark background.
Use a big enough font. This is 32 points.
Format
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Stick to plain backgrounds. Fancy
formatsare more appropriate for
businesspresentations.
Avoid cute clip arts
Format for Scientific Presentations
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Stick to a maximum of two READABLE
typefaces.
Do not use fancy fonts like Comic sans orLucida
Limit the use of color.
Pick a style and stick with it.
Keep it short, especially titles.
Leave empty space.
General Format Rules
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Be brief, straight to the point
Dont include every word you will say. Limit to one idea per slide.
Rule of six! Preferably, No more than six
words per line and six lines per slide.
General Format Rules (cont)
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Make data/results the focus of your
presentation. Dont try to include all datause handouts
for detailed information or refer audience
to a Web site.
Use color or special effects sparingly andconsistently.
Presenting Data
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FY 98-99
Resource median Jul-1999 Aug-1999 Sep-1999 Oct-1999 Nov-1999 Dec-1999 Jan-2000 Feb-2000
SAM: Scientific Amer. Medicine51 77 76 43 69 70 466 480 530
African Health Anthology 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 17
AMED 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Bioethicsline 20 19 10 23 23 30 5 5 23
Cancernet 23 11 11 17 36 36 15 19 25
Cochrane (Complete)* 45 47 34 49 39 163 163 263 344
Diagnostic Imaging 15 39 21 15 12 22 4 4 7
Practical Approach to Infect. Dis. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 19
PubMed (NCBI) 128 153 113 237 205 125 689 1,143 1,736
Medical Letter on Drugs andTherap.
50 40 38 47 38 43 5 6 9
Merck Manual (StatRef)** 74 80 90 281 299 141 122 94 111
Sabiston 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 36
Textbook of Internal Medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 9
Williams-Obstetrics 28 26 35 31 31 26 8 8 16
Williams Textbook of Endocrin. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 32
Allergy: Principles and Practice 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 18 48
Brenner 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 21 16
Clinical Dermatology0 0 0 0 0 0 15 33 40
Clinical Laboratory 18 12 13 10 13 16 3 12 19
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East Malaysia (Wind & Wave)
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Too many lines. Limit to six or seven
rows of data. If you want to give moredetails, use a handout.
Use effective headings with the table.
Test the table for readability in a real-world setting, e.g., a large lecture hall.
What was wrong?
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You need to get your audiences attention.
Many people respond better to visualcues than to straight text or lists of
numbers.
An effective graph can help drive home
your point.
Graphs helps
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1. Tell where it comes from.
2. Tell what is it about
3. Explain the collumn and rows or x and yaxes and legend
4. Describe briefly the curves or data
5. What are the main/significant/relevant
finding/information/results/data/trend
Give time for your audience to absorb
When Presenting Graphs or Tables
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0 500 1000 1500 2000
0
2
10
Vc=1.5 m/s
Vc= .0 m/s
Motion(deg
Time (sec
Figure 1 :Yaw Motion at Different Current Velocity(H=5m, T=15s [Ref5}
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Practice! Recruit a friendly and
constructively critical audience. Recruit a grammar expert.
Show your presentation to someone
who knows nothing about your field. Do
they get what you want to say?
Final Steps
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How big is the hall where you will be
speaking?
How much time will you be given?
What time of day is your talk?
This will determine your slides
numbers, font size, colours, etc.
Logistics
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Ask what you will be given and what you
must bring with you.
Consider all equipment you will need Internet connection
Computer
Microphone
Software
Pointer
Equipment Needs
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Consider what could go wrong and plan
accordingly.
Always have a backup. Bring a handout that covers all of your
slides.
Make sure they are readable.
Arrive early, load and test
Disaster Planning
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Keep it simple.
Dont let the technology dominate yourmessage.
Rule of six.
Cover your important points.
Remember!
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Part 2:
The Presentation
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#1: Show Passion
You are doing the presentation not because:
Your boss asks you to do it
It is part of the job
It is part of the education/researchexercise
Etc.
But it is because you like the subject andyou want to share the interesting materialswith the audience and you wish to bringthe audience to your side.
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#2: Build Rapport
relation marked by harmony or affinity
Audience members who trust you and feelthat you care
Start Before You Begin
Mingle; Learn Names
Opportunity to reinforce or correct audienceassessment
Good First Impression
People Listen To People They Like
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#3: Opening Your Presentation
Introduce Yourself Why Should They
Listen
Clearly Defining Topic Briely explain what the audience can expect
Overview
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#4: Presenting Main
Points (Solution)
Main Point-Transition-Main Point-
Transition-MainPoint.. Supporting Evidence
Examples
Attention to, and Focus on, Audience(Listening)
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#5: Concluding Your
PresentationGoal
Inform audience that youre about to close
Summarize main points
Something to remember or call-to-action
Answer questions
Tell em What You Told em.
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Some Presentation
Techniques
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Presentation Style
3 Elements
1. Vocal Techniques
Loudness
Pitch
Rate
Pause
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Presentation Style (cont)3 Elements
2. Body Language
Eye Contact, Gestures, Posture
3. Use of Space
Can Everyone See You?
Movement
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Common Problems
Verbal fillers
Um, uh, like
Any unrelated word or phrase
Swaying, rocking, and pacing
Hands in pockets
Lip smacking
Fidgeting
Failure to be audience-centered
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5 Presentation Tips
1. Smile
2. Breathe3. Water
4. Notes
5. Finish On or Under Time
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Thank You
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