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INNOVATION IN SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
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CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• INNOVATION IN
SOLARPHOTOVOLTAICS
• INNOVATION IN
SOLAR THERMAL
• CONCLUSIONS
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Director:Pr of Dr Kamaruzzaman Sopian
Deputy Director:Dr. Mohd Hafidz Ruslan
Principal Research Fellow:Prof Dr Mohd Yusof SulaimanProf Dr Takhir Razykov
Senior Research Fellow:Ir. Dr. Baharudin AliDr. Mohamad Ahmad AlGhoul Ar Lim Chin Haw
Research Fellow:Dr. Sohif Mat
Dr. Muhamad YahyaNurasikin Ahmad Ludin Mohd Adib Ibrahim Mohd Asri TeridiChan Hoy YenSuhaila Sepeai
Established in 2005, SERIis the national centre of
excellence for solarenergy. SERI secured
RM15 million in researchgrants with state-of-the-
art facilities, 3 Post-doctorates, 20 PhD and10 MSc students. SERI
offers MSc and PhD(Renewable Energy)
Established in 2005, SERIis the national centre of
excellence for solarenergy. SERI secured
RM15 million in researchgrants with state-of-the-
art facilities, 3 Post-doctorates, 20 PhD and10 MSc students. SERI
offers MSc and PhD(Renewable Energy)
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SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGYRESEARCH CLUSTERS
ADVANCED SOLARCELL AND PV
SYSTEMS
ADVANCED SOLARCELL AND PV
SYSTEMS
SOLAR THERMALSYSTEMSSOLAR THERMALSYSTEMS LOW ENERGYARCHITECTURELOW ENERGYARCHITECTURESUSTAINABLEMATERIALS AND
SISTEMS IN BUILDINGS
SUSTAINABLEMATERIALS AND
SISTEMS IN BUILDINGS
URBAN ECOSCAPEURBAN ECOSCAPE POWER SYSTEMSPOWER SYSTEMS BIODIESELBIODIESEL MARINE ENERYMARINE ENERY RENEWABLE
ENERGY SYSTEM
ANALSYIS AND
SOCIAL IMPACT
RENEWABLE
ENERGY SYSTEM
ANALSYIS AND
SOCIAL IMPACT
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SOLAR RESOURCE• Annual solar radiation at the earth’s surface is over 10,000
times total primary global energy consumption
• Total global primary energy consumption is less than the solarradiation incident at the earth’s surface in 1 hour
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SOLAR RADIATION INMALAYSIA
6
Monthlyaverage dailysolar irradiationof 4000 – 5000Whr/m2
Average daily
sunshine hoursof 4 to 8 hrs
Experiencesmore than 170rainy days
Ambienttemperature of 26 to 32 C
Relativehumidity of 80 –90 % and never falling below 60%
JANUARY
APRIL
JULY
OCTOBER
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CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• INNOVATION IN
SOLARPHOTOVOLTAICS
• INNOVATION IN
SOLAR THERMAL
• CONCLUSIONS
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8
ENERGY RESOURCES
SolarRadiati
on
WaveandTidalEnergy
Geothermal
DirectSolar
Energy
StoredSolar
Energy
IndirectSolarEnergy
NuclearEnergy
DIRECT SOLAR
ENERGY Photovoltaic
Thermal
PHOTOVOLTAIC –DIRECT CONVERSIONOF SUNLIGHT INTO
ELECTRICITY
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ENERGY RESOURCES
SolarRadiati
on
WaveandTidalEnergy
Geothermal
DirectSolar
Energy
StoredSolar
Energy
IndirectSolarEnergy
NuclearEnergy
DIRECT SOLAR
ENERGY Photovoltaic
Thermal
PHOTOVOLTAIC –DIRECT CONVERSIONOF SUNLIGHT INTO
ELECTRICITY
SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMSSolar Drying, Solar Hot Water
Heating Systems, Solar SpaceHeating and Cooling, Solar
Detoxification, Solar Desalination,Solar Refrigeration, Solar Heat
Pump, Solar Pumping, Daylighting
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PHOTOVOLTAIC – DIRECTCONVERSION OFSUNLIGHT INTO
ELECTRICITY
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Market =
USD50Billion
(2008)
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SILICON BASEDSOLAR CELL
THIN FILM
(CdTe, CIGS)
ORGANICSOLAR CELL
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PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM –STANDALONE
PV Panel
BatteryStorage
Lamps
TV
Radio
Charger
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PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM –GRID CONNECTEDPV Panel DC/AC
NationalGrid
Inverter
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TNB
Distribution
28
Residential
sector
Solar BIPV
buildings and Solar
Farms
Commercial
sector
Industrial
sector
Feed In Tariff Concept
TNB Generation
Independent Power
Producers
30 sen/kWh
Previous Bill = RM100
Present Bill = RM101No of Customer = 5,000,000
19 sen/kWh
GERMANY (2000- 2005)
300,000 Job Creation
200 Companies
165 sen/kWh
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2020:2,080 MW (11%)
2030:4,000 MW (17%)
2050:21.4 GW (73%)
2015:985 MW (6%)
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RE Policy: Targets
20303.5GW2020
2.1GW
BAU 2050: <2,000 MW
205011.5GW
o cy: ro ec e
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Year Cum Biomass(MW)
Cum Biogas(MW)
Cum Mini-Hydro(MW)
Cum SolarPV
(MW)
Cum SW(MW)
Cum TotalRE, Grid-
Connected
(MW)
2011 110 20 60 7 20 217
2012 150 35 110 15 50 360
2015 330 100 290 55 200 975
2020 800 240 490 175 360 2,065
2025 1,190 350 490 399 380 2,809
2030 1,340 410 490 854 390 3,484
2035 1,340 410 490 1,677 400 4,317
2040 1,340 410 490 3,079 410 5,729
2045 1,340 410 490 5,374 420 8,034
2050 1,340 410 490 8,874 430 11,544
Assumptions:
1.RE Technical potential:
Biomass (EFB, agriculture): 1,340 MW will be reached by 2028.
Biogas (POME, agriculture, farm): 410 MW will be reached by 2028.
Mini-hydro (not exceeding 30 MW): 490 MW will be reached by 2020.
Solar PV (grid-connected): unlimited.
Solid waste (RDF, incineration, sanitary landfill): 378 MW will be reached by 2024 (at 30,000 tonne/day of
Solid Waste as projected by KPKT, followed by 3% annual growth post 2024).
o cy: ro ec eGrowth
30
: ar e
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Year Cum Solar
PV(MW)
MARKET
POTENTIALRM(Million)
2011 7 142012 15 300
2015 55 1100
2020 175 3500
2025 399 79802030 854 17080
2035 1,677 33540
2040 3,079 61580
2045 5,374 1074802050 8 874 177480
: ar ePotential
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Growth of RE (Solar PV)
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First Solar
Q-Cells
Tokuyama
Sunpower
Impact of FDIs: RM 13.8 billion (in 2 years), 10000 jobs, indirect values to transport
and infrastructure sectors, port and shipping industries, etc.
FDIs provide ‘next door’ business opportunities to local industry.
Growth of RE (Solar PV)Industry in Malaysia
TCT/Red Solar
TT Vision, Ire-tex, PIE,Pentamaster
Solartiff
PV High-Tech
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SOLARCELL
SOLAR
PANELS
FRONT END PROCESS
BACK END PROCESS
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Front EndSolar Cell Processing
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WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR
CELL
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TEXTURING USING KOH
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WET
BENCHES
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JUNCTION FORMATION –
WAFER INTO POCl3 FURNACE
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JUNCTION FORMATION –
WAFER OUT OF POCl3 FURNACE
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JUNCTION FORMATION –
WAFER CHANGE COLOR
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POCl3
DIFFUSION
FURNACE
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POCl3
DIFFUSIONFURNACE
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POCl3 DIFFUSION
FURNACE
4 INCHWAFERS
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FOUR
POINTPROBE
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ANTI REFLECTIVE COATING
PECVD
PECVD AND ION IMPLANTATION SYSTEMS
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PECVD AND ION IMPLANTATION SYSTEMS
PECVD CHAMBER IMPLANTATION CHAMBER
14” diameter chamber 5 gas inlets for PECVD 3-gas inlets for Implantation PC and manual interfaces
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EDGE ISOLATION
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XEF2 EDGE
ISOLATION
SYSTEM
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SCREEN PRINTERS- BACK
AND FRONT CONTACT
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SCREENPRINTERS
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RAPID THERMAL ANNEALING
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RAPID
THERMAL
ANNEALING
FURNACE
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LIV AND SPECTRAL RESPONSE
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LIV TESTER
MODULE
TESTER
SPECTRAL
RESPONSE
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SOLARCELL
SOLAR
PANELS
FRONT END PROCESS
BACK END PROCESS
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BackendSolar Modules Processing Steps
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SOLAR CELL DICING
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DICINGSAW
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LAMINANT AND
ENCAPSULATION
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PANEL
ASSEMBLYSECTION
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LAMINATOR - BEFORE
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LAMINATO
R
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80 W panel
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MODULE TESTER
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THE
CONVENTIONALFULLY
AUTOMATED
PROCESS FOR PVPANELPRODUCTION –
High Capital CostSingle Product
Module
COTTAGE
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(1) Soldering and Tabbing
(2) Stringing (3) Pre-Laminating
(4) Laminating (5) LIV Tester –Quality Control
Multiple Product Range andCustomized PV Panel
COTTAGEINDUSTRY
FOR PVPRODUCTIONLow Capital CostMultiple and
Customized Product Job creationEnhancement of rurallocal industryPV cost reductionLOW VOLUME, LOW
COST MANUFACTURINGAPPROACH
PRINCIPAL PROCESSESand EQUIPMENT
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Registered Trademark
PV Cottage TM
Class 7 (17 July 2009)Application No.
09011886
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CONVENTIONAL FRONT CONTACT
SO C
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SOLAR CELL
n-type
Front
contact
p-type
Back contact
These line are screen printed on the surface of each cell andserves as an energy collection grid.• DISADVANTAGES : Unfortunately these collection grids
inefficiently block sunlight and can cause up to a 20% shading
loss which translates into less power potential from each cell
NEW INTERDIGITATED BACKSIDE
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CONTACT SOLAR CELL
You won't see any collection grids that cause
shading on these cells because they are
located on the back of the cell !!!.
n-type
p-type
Interdigitated contacts
NEW INTERDIGITATED BACKSIDE
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SOLAR CELL
THE DIMENSION WILL BE SMALLER FOR
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THE DIMENSION WILL BE SMALLER FORBACK CONTACT SOLAR CELLS
• CONVENTIONAL90 wattdimensions56.93 x 22.80
• SERI-UKM• 95 watt
dimensions40.83 x 20.75
• COST SAVINGS
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Registered Trademark
Powerscreen TM
Class 20 (10 May 2010)Application No.
2010008132
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Registered Trademark
ecsighting TM
Class 25 & 16 (10 May2010) Application No.
2010008133Application No. 2010008134
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FRONT END PROCESS
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SOLAR CELL
SOLAR
PANELS
SILICONINGOT
WAFER
SLICER
FRONT END PROCESS
BACK END PROCESS
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CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• INNOVATION IN
SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAICS
• INNOVATION IN
SOLAR THERMAL
• CONCLUSIONS
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• Domestic
Water Heating
• Pool and SpaHeating
• Process WaterHeating
• AirConditioning“Reheat”
EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS
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EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS
•Higher cost
•No convectionlosses
•High temperature
•Cold climates•Fragile
•Installationcan be morecomplicated
• Temperature riseof more than 50 C
Potential of Solar Hot Water
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Application of hot water for Hospitaland Hotels
Systemspayback period< 4 years.
System can bereplicated inover 250hospitals and
hotels. of RM200million.
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SOLAR HOT WATER
SYSTEM
PROPOSED SITE –
PUSAT PERUBATAN
UNIVERSITI
KEBANGSAAN
MALAYSIA
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PROPOSED LOCATIONPROPOSED LOCATION
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SHADOWFORMATION
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JANUARY
4:00 PM
POTENTIAL OF SOLAR DRYING
Commodity Present drying system Energy Source Drying Time
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Commodity Present drying system Energy Source Drying Time
Paddy Open drying
Fixed bad dryer Moisture extraction unit
Sun
DieselDiesel/elect.
5-6 hrs
4-5 hrs2-3 hrs
Cocoa Sundry on cement/try
Kerosene drying
Burner blower
Rotary drying
Sun
Kerosene
Kerosene/diesel
Diesel
6 days
35-40 hrs
36 hrs
45-48 hrs
Coffee Sundry Sun 14 days
Pepper Sundry Sun 7 days (black)
3 days (white)
Commodity Present drying system Energy Source Drying Time
Tobacco Conventional curing
Modern curing
Rubber wood
LNG
100 hrs
100 hrs
Tea Drying chamber Diesel 25 min at 95oC
Banana Sundry Sun and woodfor smoking
1 day
Anchovies Sundry
Fixed bed dryer
Sun
Diesel
7 days
5-7 hrs
Rubber Sundry Sun and woodfor smoking
1 day
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ONE PASSED SOLAR AIR HEATER
Cold air inlet
Hot air outlet
Glass cover
Absorber plate
Fins
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Hot air outlet
Cold air inlet
V-GROOVE SOLAR AIR HEATER (PI2007 1616)
Absorber plate
Glass cover
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Fresh chili Dried chili
Fresh tea leaves Dried tea leaves
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Fins
Hot air outlet
Cold air inlet
TWO PASSED SOLAR AIR HEATER
Absorber plate
Glass cover
Gl
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DOUBLE-PASS SOLAR COLLECTOR WITH POROUS MEDIA(PI 2007 1530)
Cold air inlet
Hot air outlet
Glass cover
Absorber plate
Porous Media
SOLUTION 2
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SOLAR HEAT PUMP
DRYER
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122122
Centella
asiatica
Musa
sapientum
Artocarpus
heterophyllus
High Quality
DRYER
Psidium
guajava
Roselle
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SolarCollector
ABSORPTIONCYCLE
SOLAR COOLING
SYSTEM
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PVT – The simultaneous
production of heat and
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p
electricity
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Gajah Menyusu
Rumah Bujang
Rumah Kutai
Rumah Tiang
Dua Belas
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CONCEPTS FROM THE PAST
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ULTRA LOW ENERGY BUILDING
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SMART BUS STOPSMART BUS STOP: NOW
CONTENTS
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• INTRODUCTION
• INNOVATION IN
SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAICS• INNOVATION IN
SOLAR THERMAL
• CONCLUSIONS
138
Making Transformational Change
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The opportunity for makingrenewable energy
transformational change is now
before us as a solution to a global
crisis.
Innovation in Solar Energy Technology :
a.Leader in Green Technology
b.A local manufacturing plant and
expertise established
c.Malaysia a real player in PV and Solar
Thermal
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