Olaf Werner1, Sergio Pisa1, Susana Rams2, Milagros Saavedra3, Marta Nieto-Lugilde1
& Rosa María Ros1 1Universidad de Murcia, Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Murcia, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 2Centro de Magisterio "La Inmaculada", Granada, Spain 3 Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera, Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca y Medio Ambiente, Córdoba, Spain
Structure of this talk
Part one: Population genetic structure observed in three common bryophyte species
Bryum argenteum Hedw.
Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) R.H. Zander
Tortula muralis Hedw.
Part two: What do these results tell us about bryophyte biology
Landscape genetics: aims to inform on the interactions between landscape features and evolutionary processes, mainly gene flow and selection.
Within species variation is studied. Important implications for conservation and
evolutionary biology. Frequent species are easier to study:
More samples Higher genetic diversity
Part one: Genetic structure of populations observed in three common bryophyte species 1. Bryum argenteum
Foto: Heike Hofmann
Bryum argenteum distribution
Pisa et al. (2014)
Bryum argenteum
sampling
Distribution of sequence haplotypes in Bryum argenteum
Pisa et al. (2014)
Continental area Asia America Europe Australasia Antarctica Africa sub-Antarctic
Asia - 0.012 n.s. 0.157 n.s. 0.124 (0.0358) 0.383 (0.0003)* 0.060 n.s. 0.100 n.s.
America 0.033 (0.0159)* - 0.135 n.s. 0.049 n.s. 0.479 (0.0001)* 0.027 n.s. 0.062 n.s.
Europe 0.105 (0.0004)* 0.120 (0.0001)* - 0.180 n.s. 0.568 (0.0001)* 0.077 n.s. 0.181 n.s.
Australasia 0.034 n.s.. 0.025 n.s. 0.122 (0.0085)* - 0.565 (0.0002)* 0.114 n.s. 0.016 n.s.
Antarctica 0.186 (0.0001)* 0.210 (0.0001)* 0.272 (0.0001)* 0.251 (0.0001)* - 0.549 (0.0002)* 0.498 (0.0047)*
Africa 0.056 (0.0082)* 0.044 (0.0334)* 0.107 (0.0031)* 0.066 (0.0466) 0.256 (0.0001)* - 0.073 n.s.
Sub-Antarctic 0.096 (0.0007)* 0.088(0.0046)* 0.156 (0.0015)* 0.077 (0.0468) 0.298 (0.0001)* 0.127 (0.0025)* -
n.s. indicates that the test is not significant (P>0.05) * indicates that the test remains significant after the correction of Benjamini and Yekutieli (2001) for multiple tests at the p<0.05 significance level
Valores para FST y NST
Pisa et al. (2014)
Prevalent wind directions in July
Basic conclusions:
Bryum argenteum is capable of frequent (in geological times)long distance dispersal Genetic barriers, even at continental scale, are low
Bryum argenteum Tenerife
Various colonization events
Isolation by distance: p = 0.005
Isolation by altitude: p = 0.0001
Partial Mantel test: p = 0.0001
Bryum argenteum Sierra Nevada and
nearby areas
Isolation by distance: Excluded
Correlation altitude - genetic distance
p < 0,01
Partial Mantel Test, controlling geographic distance
p < 0,01
Pisa et al. (2013)
2. Didymodon vinealis
Distribution of Didymodon vinealis
Didymodon vinealis frecuently covers soil between olive trees. Cabra (Córdoba), 2010.
Didymodon vinealis One of the most frequent mosses in olive plantations
In the presence of mosses there are less weeds, thus reducing the need for herbicides.
The moss cover reduces water evaporation.
In the presence of mosses, harvested olives are less contaminated by mud and as a concequence less soil particles reach the olive press.
Didymodon vinealis ITS tree Didymodon_vinealis_3180_Anelma_5 Didymodon_vinealis_3181_Marmolejo_1 Didymodon_vinealis_3179_Anelma_4 Didymodon_vinealis_3177_Anelma_2 Didymodon_vinealis_3175_Torre_3 Didymodon_vinealis_3174_Torre_2 Didymodon_vinealis_3167_Arroyo_4 Didymodon_vinealis_3165_Arroyo_2 Didymodon_vinealis_3164_Arroyo_1 Didymodon_vinealis_Cabra_2 Didymodon_vinealis_3160_Cabra_1 Didymodon_vinealis_34_16 Didymodon_vinealis_46_9 Didymodon_vinealis_46_11 Didymodon_vinealis_46_19 Didymodon_vinealis_74_5 Didymodon_vinealis_32_1 Didymodon_vinealis_46_5 Didymodon_vinealis_74_11 Didymodon_vinealis_74_14 Didymodon_vinealis_32_17
Didymodon_3168_Arroyo_5 Didymodon_vinealis_3178_Anelma_3 Didymodon_vinealis_3158_Villaharta_1
Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3092 Didymodon_vinealis_34_12
Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3096 Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3097
Didymodon_vinealis_3159_Villaharta_2 Didymodon_vinealis_3169_Castellar_1
Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3106 Didymodon_vinealis_74_7
Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3102 Didymodon_vienalis_3162_Cabra_3
Didymodon_vinealis_SN Didymodon_vinealis_32_8
Didymodon_vinealis_34_11 Didymodon_vinealis_4_10
Didymodon_vinealis_46_16 Didymodon_vinealis_3_7
Didymodon_vinealis_3_18 Didymodon_vinealis_3_11 Didymodon_vinealis_3_13 Didymodon_vinealis_32_9 Didymodon_vinealis_34_8 Didymodon_vinealis_29_4 Didymodon_vinealis_4_13 Didymodon_vinealis_4_8 Didymodon_vinealis_4_16 Didymodon_vinealis_29_1 Didymodon_vinealis_29_10 Didymodon_vinealis_34_2
Didymodon_vinealis_3_15 Didymodon_vinealis_74_1
Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3096 Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3094
Didymodon_vinealis_4_3 Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3094
Didymodon_vinealis_3095_SN Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3093
Didymodon_vinealis_3172_Castallar_4 Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3098
Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3101 Didymodon_vinealis_Ronda
Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3092 Didymodon_vinealis_3170_Castellar_2 Didymodon_vinealis_3176_Anelma_1 Didymodon_vinealis_3166_Arroyo_3 Didymodon_vinealis_MUB13438 Didymodon_vinealis_32_6
Didymodon_vinealis_3163_Cabra_4 Didymodon_vinealis_3102_SN
Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3099 Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3102
Didymodon_vinealis_29_8 Didymodon_vinealis_3171_Castellar_3
Didymodon_vinealis_3182_Marmolejo_2 Didymodon_vinealis_SN_3183
2
31 artificial 25 natural
2 artificial 19 natural
p(Fst) artificial/natural < 0.001
3.Tortula muralis
Grows on rocks, walls and compacted soil
Tortula muralis distribution
Tortula muralis tree cp rps4
Exclusively natural sites
No geographical differentiation: exception Japan
p(FST) natural/artificial < 0.05
Part two: What do these results tell
us on bryophyte biology
Landscape genetics: aims to inform on the interactions between landscape features and evolutionary processes, mainly gene flow and selection.
Are spores and propagules dispersed at long distances?
Byophytes are widely distributed
Generally low differentiation even between distant populations
Because of the reduced size of spores and propagules bryophytes are distributedd like microorganisms
Everything is everywhere,
but the environment selects (Baas Becking, 1934)
Limited gene flow
With high gene flow we need high selection pressure to maintain
distinct populations
The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring
We do not sequence genes with
adaptive advantages How can we use the
corresponding sequence information for landscape genetics?
Genes used for sequencing must be linked to genes with adaptive value
Chromosomes form linkage groups
Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA don´t recombine
Asexual propagation: axiliary bulbils in Bryum argenteum
Foto George Shepherd
Bryum argenteum is rarely found with sporophytes in many parts of Spain
Didymodon vinealis forms occasionally multicellular gemmae in clusters in leaf axils
The same is true for Didymodon vinealis
Angiosperm life cycle
Selfing in diploid plant
Intragametophytic selfing : antheridia and archegonia on the same plant, monoicous species; Tortula muralis: sperm and ovules are produced by mitosis and therefore identical. Offspring individuals are clones of parent individual
Intergametophytic selfing: mating between separate gametophytes produced by the same sporophyte; Bryum argenteum, Didymodon vinealis. Equivalent to selfing in diploid vascular plants.
Bryophytes:
Several specialist gentotypes?
Genotypes overlapping or not?
frequent generalist genotypes
rare specialist genotypes
frequent generalist genotypes
rare specialist genotypes
Thank you very much for your attention
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CGL2014-52579-R), E.U. FEDER funds and
Fundación SéNeCa
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