METABOLOMICSMETABOLOMICSMETABOLOMICSMETABOLOMICS: : : : METABOLOMICSMETABOLOMICSMETABOLOMICSMETABOLOMICS: : : :
OPPORTUNITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES AND
CHALLENGESCHALLENGESCHALLENGESCHALLENGESPR. PR. PR. PR. NOUREDINENOUREDINENOUREDINENOUREDINE BENKEBLIABENKEBLIABENKEBLIABENKEBLIA
UWI JAMAICAUWI JAMAICAUWI JAMAICAUWI JAMAICA
Metabolomics
DISCIPLINE or METHODS to understand the
dynamics of small molecules in living systems
METABOLOMIC PROFILING aims to ““““complete?””””set of all metabolites (primary, intermediate and set of all metabolites (primary, intermediate and
secondary) to be found within a biological
sample, such as an organism, cell or organelle
METABOLOME is dynamic, changing from second to
second. Thus, setting becomes more complex and
never complete.
Stimulated by the opportunities affordedby:
# Post-genomic science
# Analytical technologies
# Data processing techniques# Data processing techniques
These are being developed in order togenerate more comprehensive moleculardescriptions of biological systems (the‘‘‘‘metabolome’’’’).
1 Protein(Proteomic)
1 Gene(Genomic)
1 Transcript (Transcriptomic)
Specific MetabolitesMetabolomic
DNA Relational Databases
Store, Compare, Cluster and IntegrateDNA
Sequence Database
Store, Compare, Cluster and Integrate
Correlations of Genes and Gene Products Identification of Gene
FunctionGene Annotation Identification of Pathways
Biological Knowledge, Raw Foods Improvement Improvement, Genetic and metabolic Engineering
Metabolomics Technologies: a Revolution! Unlimited measurements / analysis
Classical Biology
Contemporary Biology
HYPOTHESISFocused
ExperimentQuestion
Contemporary Biology
Applied GenomicsExperiment
Bioinformatics
HYPOTHESISFocused
Experiment
Question
Thousands of measurements of compounds simultaneously
Sample
Salts/IonicsCarbohydratesAmino Acids
PhenolicsFlavonoidsSaponins
LipidsTerpens
Chemical Class
H2O CH3OH CHCl3
Amino AcidsOrganic Acids
SaponinsPolar Organics
Terpens
CE-MSHPLC-PAD-MS
GC-MS
HPLC-PAD-MSGC-MS
GC-MS
Chemical Class
Ana
lytica
l Pr
ocedur
e
Using Bioinformatics which includes:
- Database Management Systems - Data mining (Extraction & Transformation) - Samples tracking
Data Analysis and Modeling using
Computational Approaches
- Samples tracking - Information management - Data Acquisition - Data Analysis - Statistics - Signal and Image Processing - Pattern Recognition and Classification - Simulation and Modeling
Agricultural Metabolomics
Aims to encourage application of metabolomics-
inspired approaches, to improve understanding
of the molecular basis for agricultural production.
Aims also to:
# Identify those small molecules that make the
The promotion of sustainable cropping leads to
the improving quantity and quality of crops
# Identify those small molecules that make the
difference between the effects of different factors# Deepen our knowledge of cropping and the
interacting and regulatory roles of biotic and
abiotic stresses.
What Are The Needs?
Societal Needs
• Improve education on Sustainable
ConsumersNeeds
Science Needs
• Agricutural systems biololgySustainable
Cropping• Extend
University Programs along Crop production
• Measures of Trust
• Crops Quality• Crops Diversity• Health benefits
Life stage
systems biololgy• bioinformatics• Fuse Crops,
Metabolome, and Human Needs
The numbers of different moleculesin the FOOD CROPS that are notnutrients outweigh the numbers thatare nutrients.
For example, plants accumulateFor example, plants accumulatesecondary metabolites for defense,reproduction, but none of these areessential nutrients.
Crops contributions to Nutrition
GenomeMacronutrient energySources
Essential micronutrients
Transcriptome
Proteome
Metabolome
micronutrients
Non-essential, beneficial dietary components
Metabolically neutral dietary components
Biological Function
Potential Challenges of Application of Metabolomics in Crops Production
1- Consideration of the chemical composition
during pre- and post- harvest stages
2- Identification of effects of crops linked to
nutritional benefits.
3- Characterisation of the molecular basis for
sensory (e.g., taste, aroma) perception from
complex foods.
4- Tracking of complex molecular changes that
take place during post-harvest and processing
where these are important in final quality.
5- Definition of genetic and/or environmental
factors affecting crop and livestock metabolomes, factors affecting crop and livestock metabolomes,
linked with food quality parameters.
Thus, dietary non-nutrients, which may not be important in pharmacology or
toxicology, may be critically important in human dietary studies that seek to use
metabolomics.
The major consensus decision for the field of nutritional metabolomics will be
how to address endogenous human metabolites and exogenous components of food that coexist at least transiently in
human biofluids.
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