8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
1/19
MARINE ECOSYSTEMSManolo Baca
Antonella Sandino
Melisa Valle
Mara Alejandra Castro
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
2/19
TEMPERATUREVARIATION
Temperature of ocean waters decrease withincreasing depth.
The sun hits the oceans surface layer and heatsthe water up.
The wind mixes the layer up from top to bottom,making the heat go downward.
Water in the polar seas can be as cold as -2degrees Celsius.
The Persian Gulf can be as warm as 36 degreesCelsius. Polar seas have low latitude Persian Gulf has high latitude.
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
3/19
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
4/19
VARIATIONS IN SALINITY
The oceans salinity varies depending on:y the depth andy the shore.
As closer to the shore, the saltier the water is. Since the waves and the tide bring and take water,
they mix it up and the shore is the saltiest part of theocean.
The whole ocean has salt The surface of the ocean is the layer that has more
salinity. There is a lot of evaporation on the surface of the
ocean, so the depth affects salinity. The deeper the water, there is less evaporation and
less salt.
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
5/19
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
6/19
AVAILABILITY OF SALT
Visible radiation, or light, from the sun is important to theworld's ocean systems.
It provides the energy necessary for ocean currents andwind-driven waves.
Conversion of some of that energy into heat helps form the
thin layer of warm water near the ocean's surface thatsupports the majority of marine life. The transmission of light in sea water is essential to the
productivity of the oceans. The suns rays penetrate the surface layer of the ocean to
give the energy necessary for the photosynthetic living
organisms. Below a depth of 660 feet (200 meters) not enough energy
penetrates to allow photosynthesis to occur. In open oceans, there is more sunlight and in the coastal,
there is less because of the sand and nutrients blocking it.
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
7/19
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
8/19
DEAD ZONES
Definition: An area in which there is no oxygen
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
9/19
HOW THEY FORM
Then bacteria decompose and this process takes up thelittle oxygen there is.
Microscopic plants called phytoplankton bloom with thehelp if sunlight, then they decompose and this process
takes up the little oxygen there is.
Northly winds and the Earths rotation combine and formnutrient rich but oxygen poor water
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
10/19
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
11/19
FORMATION
It is a cyclical climate
phenomenon thatwreaks havocworldwide, the mostaffected SouthAmerica and the areas
between Indonesiaand Australia, thuscausing the warmingof the South Americanwaters
It develops when
the positive phaseof the SouthernOscillation,reached significantlevels and lasts for
several months.
El Nio La Nia
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
12/19
DEVELOPMENT
The phenomenon
began in the tropicalPacific Ocean nearAustralia andIndonesia, therebyaltering the
atmospheric pressurein widely separatedareas
This phenomenon
occurs when thepositive phase of theSouthern Oscillation,reached significantlevels and lasts for
several months
La NiaEl Nio
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
13/19
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
14/19
EL NIO There are changes in direction and speed of the winds, as
well as the displacement of the areas rain in the tropics. During the El Nio, trade winds weaken or cease to blow,
with a high temperature marine Current moves to Peru,which is relatively cool and minimum sea temperature is
shifted to Southeast Asia. This causes increased air pressure in Southeast Asia and
South America decreased.
All this change occurs at an interval of approximately sixmonths from June to November.
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
15/19
LA NIA1. Decrease sea level pressure in the Oceania region, and
increase it in the tropical and subtropical Pacific causingan increase in the difference pressure between both endsof the equatorial Pacific.
2. The unusually strong trade winds, have a greater effectof pulling the surface ocean, increasing sea leveldifference between both ends of the equatorial Pacific
3. This lowers sea level along the coast of Colombia,Ecuador, Peru and northern Chile and increases inOceania.
4. The warm waters in the equatorial Pacific, are
concentrated in the Pacific region and is near to thisregion, which is developed cloudiness and precipitationmost intense.
5. The sea surface temperature falls below theclimatological value
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
16/19
CONSEQUENCES
Change in atmosphericcirculation.
Global warming and risingtemperatures in coastalwaters during the lastdecades.
There are species that do notsurvive the temperature
change and die, causingeconomic losses arise inprimary diseases such ascholera, which transform intoepidemics sometimes verydifficult to eradicate.
Opposite to El Nio
El Nio La Nia
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
17/19
EL NIO
Scarce rains.
Cooling of the ocean. Low cloud formation.
Very dry periods.
High atmospheric
pressure.
Heavy rains.
Heating of theHumboldt Currentand the Peru Current.
Fishing losses .
Intense cloudformation.
Very wet periods.
Low atmosphericpressure
Consequences for
Southeast Asia
Consequences of El Nio
in South America
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
18/19
LA NIA In the tropics, the variations are radically opposed to
those caused by El Nio. In the Americas, air temperatures of the winter
season, become warmer than normal in the Southeastand colder than normal in Northeast.
In South America, drier conditions prevail and coolerthan normal over Ecuador and Peru, and wetterconditions than normal in the Northeast of Brazil.
In Central America, are relatively more humid
conditions normal, mainly on coastal areas of theCaribbean Sea.
In Mexico, causing heavy rains in central andsouthern regions, droughts and rains in northernMexico, and winters with a marked absence of rain.
8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation
19/19
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.piscoweb.org/research/science-by-discipline/coastal-oceanography/hypoxia/pacific-northwest-dead-zone
http://www.elclima.com.mx/fenomeno_la_nina.htm http://www.elclima.com.mx/fenomeno_el_nino.htm
Top Related