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Definition
The word "genocide" was formed bycombining geno-, from the Greek word for race
or tribe, with the termination -cide, derived from
the Latin word for killing.
Act organised and committed, in time of peace
or war, with the intent to exterminate, in whole
or in part, a national ethnic,racial or religious
group. It is distinguishable from all other crimes,including ethnic cleansing because it is state
organised.
(The Sage Dictionary of Criminology)
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History of Genocide
Naming Genocide by Raphael Lemkin -1994
Defining Genocide by The UN Convention-1948
Bounding Genocide( Comparative Genocide Studies)
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Naming Genocide
-Until The Second World War, genocide was acrime without a name, according to The BritishPrime Minister Winston Churchill.
The term was coined by a Polish-Jewish juristnamed Raphael Lemkin in 1944
The destruction of a nation or an ethnic group
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The process of coining the
term
Lemkin published a lengthy book named Axis
Rule in Occupied Europe
First Campaign (to persuade the new United
Nations to draft a convention against genocide)
Second Campaign (to obtain the required
number of signature)
Third Campaign (to secure the necessarynational ratifications)
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Defining GenocideGenocide was defined in Article 1 and Article 2
Article 1:The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed intime of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they
undertake to prevent and to punish.
Article 2:In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts
committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racialor religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its
physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.(Convention onthe Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide)
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Bounding Genocide
A explosion of public interestThus there were numerous genocide scholarswho were concerned with two tasks:
1. To define and bount it conceptually2. To prevent genocide
The early literature drew upon Jewish Holocaust(
The History and Sociology of Genocide byChalk and Jonassohn)
The wider culture also produced a steady streamof films on genocide including The Killing Fields
and Schindlers List
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Examples
Holocaust:Between 1941and 1945 it is estimated that56 million Jews weremurdered during theHolocaust by the Naziregime. The Final Solutionwas thought up by Himmlerto eradicate Jews from Nazioccupied Europe by sendingthem to death campsincluding Auschwitz -
Birkenau. Jews were seen asinferior to the rest of thepopulation. Hitler held theJews to violate the moralorder of the world.
(GenocideA Comprehensive Introduction)
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Rwanda: Between April to
July 1994 at least 1 millionpeople including Tutsis but
also Hutus who opposed
the genocidal government.
People were murdered by
machetes, clubs and smallarms in what was
described by Gerard
Prunier as a Hurricane of
Death.
(GenocideA Comprehensive
Introduction)
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The Hutu and Tutsi are two peoples who share a common
past. When Rwanda was first settled, the people who lived
there raised cattle. Soon, the people who owned the most
cattle were called "Tutsi" and everyone else was called"Hutu." At this time, a person could easily change
categories through marriage or cattle acquisition.
Thousands of Tutsis tried to escape the slaughter by
hiding in churches, hospitals, schools, and government
offices. These places, which historically have been places
of refuge, were turned into places of mass murder during
the Rwanda Genocide.
The Rwanda Genocide ended only when the RPF took
over the country. The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) were
a trained military group consisting of Tutsis who had been
exiled in earlier years, many of whom lived in Uganda
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Conclusion
To briefly conclude what we have discussed
today; Genocide is mass murder of a race or
particular group of people by the state.
Even though there have been several examplesof Genocide within recent history, the world is still
unable to stop it from happening again.
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Thank you for Listening
For us, genocide was the gas chamber -
what happened in Germany. We were notable to realize that with the machete you can
create a genocide.
(Boutros Boutros-Ghali)
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