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Epilepsy & Seizures
101Presentation by: Myeshi Briley
Education Presenter for Epilepsy Foundation(2010)
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What Is the i!erence Bet"een Epilepsy &
Seizures#
Epilepsyis a disorder characterizedby recurrin$ seizures %also no"n as'seizure disorder()
*seizureis a brief+ te,porarydisturbance in the electrical acti-ityof the brain
A seizure is a symptomofepilepsy
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Who .as Epilepsy#
*bout / ,illion *,ericans ha-eepilepsy
ou$hly 00+000 ne" cases of
seizures and epilepsy occur eachyear
203 of people "ith epilepsy de-elop
seizures by the a$e of 24 ho"e-er+anyone can $et epilepsy at any ti,e
5o" there are as ,any people "ithepilepsy "ho are 60 or older aschildren a$ed 10 or youn$er
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What 7auses Epilepsy#
In about 803 of people "ith epilepsy+the cause is not no"n
In the re,ainin$ /03+ the ,ost
co,,on causes are: .ead trau,a Brain tu,or and stroe 9ead poisonin$ Infection of brain tissue .eredity Prenatal disturbance of brain de-elop,ent
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roups at Increased is for Epilepsy
*bout 13 of the $eneral population de-elopsepilepsy
;he ris is hi$her in people "ith certain ,edicalconditions:
Mental retardation 7erebral palsy *lzhei,er
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;he Brain Is the Source ofEpilepsy
*ll brain functions == includin$feelin$+ seein$+ thinin$+ and ,o-in$,uscles == depend on electrical
si$nals passed bet"een ner-e cellsin the brain
* seizure occurs "hen too ,any
ner-e cells in the brain '>re( too?uicly causin$ an 'electrical stor,(
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What .appens urin$ aSeizure
Generalized seizureIn-ol-es the "hole brain and loss ofconsciousness
*bsence: characterized by brief loss of consciousness
;onic=7lonic: characterized by rhyth,ic @erin$ of,uscles
Partial seizureIn-ol-es only part of the brain4 ,ayor ,ay not include loss ofconsciousness
Sy,pto,s relate to the part of the brain a!ected
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Sy,pto,s ;hat May Indicate a
Seizure isorder
Periods of blacout or confused ,e,ory
Accasional 'faintin$ spells(
Episodes of blan starin$ in children
Sudden falls for no apparent reason
Episodes of blinin$ or che"in$ atinappropriate ti,es
* con-ulsion+ "ith or "ithout fe-er 7lusters of s"ift @erin$ ,o-e,ents in
babies
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Seizure ;ri$$ers
Missed ,edication %1 reason)
StressCanDiety
.or,onal chan$es ehydration
9ac of sleepCeDtre,e fati$ue
Photosensiti-ity ru$Calcohol use4 dru$ interactions
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First *id for Seizures
Stay cal, and trac ti,e
o not restrain the person+ but help the, a-oidhazards Protect head+ re,o-e $lasses+ loosen ti$ht nec"ear
Mo-e anythin$ hard or sharp out of the "ay ;urn person on one side+ position ,outh to $round
7hec for epilepsy or seizure disorder I
nderstand that -erbal instructions ,ay not beobeyed
Stay until person is fully a"are and help reorientthe,
7all a,bulance if seizure lasts ,ore than 2,inutes or if it is unno"n "hether the person
has had prior seizures
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Potentially an$erous esponses to
Seizure
DO NOT
Put anythin$ in the person
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When to 7all G11 or E,er$ency
Medical Ser-ices
* con-ulsi-e seizure occurs in a person not no"nto ha-e seizures or lasts ,ore than 2 ,inutes
* co,pleD partial seizure lasts ,ore than 2,inutes BEHA5 its usual duration for the
indi-idual *nother seizure be$ins before the person re$ains
consciousness
*lso call if the person: Is in@ured or pre$nant
.as diabetesCother ,edical condition
eco-ers slo"ly
oes not resu,e nor,al breathin$
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.o" Is Epilepsy ia$nosed#
7linical *ssess,ent Patient history
;ests %blood+ EE+ 7;+ MI or PE; scans)
5eurolo$ic eDa, I of seizure type
7linical e-aluation
to loo for causes
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;reat,ent oals in Epilepsy
.elp person "ith epilepsy lead fulland producti-e life
Eli,inate seizures "ithout producin$side e!ects
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What Factors Inuence
ecision to ;reat#
;reat,ent ,ay beappropriate:
*bnor,al EEPre-ious seizure
Partial seizure
ri-er
Ather neurolo$ici,pair,ent
Elderly
;reat,ent ,ay5A; beappropriate:
Sin$le seizure5o history
5eurolo$icallynor,al
Houn$ a$eSide e!ects
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;ypes of ;reat,ent
Medication
Sur$ery
5on=phar,acolo$ic treat,ent eto$enic diet Ja$us ner-e sti,ulation %J5S) 9ifestyle ,odi>cations
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Factors ;hat *!ect the7hoice of ru$
Seizure typeC Epilepsy syndro,e
Side e!ects
Patient a$e 9ifestyle
7hildbearin$ potential
Ather ,edications
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Factors ;hat Inuence esponse to Medication
7onsistent use
Inade?uate dosa$e or ine!ecti-e,edication
ru$ factors
isease
Seizures donotrespond%03)
Seizures,aredly
reduced%/03)
Seizureseli,inated%203 of people)
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;oleratin$ Medications
Most Common Side Effects
Rash
Clumsiness
Drowsiness
Irritability Nausea
Side effects may be related to dose
Care must be taken in discontinuing
drug due to risk of seizure recurrence
Warning Signs of Possible
Serious Side Eects Prolon$ed fe-er ash+ nauseaC-o,itin$
Se-ere sore throat Mouth ulcers Easy bruisin$ Pinpoint bleedin$ Weaness
Fati$ue S"ollen $lands 9ac of appetite *bdo,inal pain
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Sur$ery
Factors inuencing decision 9ielihood seizures are due to
epilepsy 9ielihood sur$ery "ill help *bility to identify focus of seizures
Ather treat,ents atte,pted Bene>ts -sK iss
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Ja$us 5er-e Sti,ulation
e-ice is i,planted tocontrol seizures bydeli-erin$ electricalsti,ulation to the -a$usner-e in the nec+ "hichrelays i,pulses to"idespread areas of thebrain
sed to treat partialseizures "hen,edication does not "or 7ourtesy of 7yberonics
008
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eto$enic iet
Based on >ndin$ that star-ation == "hichburns fat for ener$y == has an antiepileptice!ect
sed pri,arily to treat se-ere childhoodepilepsy+ has been e!ecti-e in so,e adults &adolescents
.i$h fat+ lo" carbohydrate
and protein intae sually started in hospital e?uires stron$ fa,ily co,,it,ent
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Epilepsy in Wo,en
.or,onal e!ects .or,onal chan$es durin$ puberty+ ,enopause+
and the ,onthly cycle ,ay a!ect seizure fre?uency Polycystic o-ary syndro,e
SeDuality & contraception SeDual dysfunction Birth control pills ,ay be less e!ecti-e
Pre$nancy & ,otherhood 5eed to continue ,edication Sli$ht increased ris for birth defects
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Epilepsy in Alder *dults
Epilepsy is co,,on in the elderly+and is often unreco$nized or,isdia$nosed
Alder people face increasedtreat,ent riss
Maintainin$ independence is a
challen$e after the dia$nosis ofepilepsy
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roups at Increased is for Epilepsy
*bout 13 of the $eneral populationde-elops epilepsy
;he ris is hi$her in people "ithcertain ,edical conditions: Mental retardation 7erebral palsy
*lzhei,er
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7lassifyin$ Epilepsy and Seizures
7lassifyin$ epilepsy in-ol-es ,ore than@ust
seizure type
Seizure types:
Partial Generalized
Si,ple 7o,pleD *bsence7on-ulsi-e7onsciousness
is,aintained
7onsciousnessis lost ori,paired
*ltereda"areness
7haracterized
by,usclecontractions"ith or"ithout lossofconsciousness
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;ools to 7on>r, the ia$nosis of Epilepsy
EE I,a$in$ Scans
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Epilepsy in Infants & Houn$ 7hildren
Balancin$ nor,al de-elop,ent andthe special concerns of epilepsy
ood parentin$ sills 7hildcare E!ects on brothers and sisters
Early childhood inter-entionser-ices
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Epilepsy in 7hildren *$ed 6=1
.andlin$ feelin$s Fa,ily relationships
Safety School and childcare e-elop,ental sta$es
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Epilepsy in ;eens & Houn$ *dults
*ssu,in$ responsibility ealin$ "ith feelin$s Friends and social pressures School ri-in$
rinin$ atin$ E,ploy,ent
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Ather ;reat,ent *pproaches
Beha-ioral therapy Biofeedbac elaDation Positi-e reinforce,ent
7o$niti-e therapy *ro,atherapy
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5ational and 7o,,unity esources
;he Epilepsy Foundation 9ocal aLliates Website: """KepilepsyfoundationKor$
Medic *lert Foundation
Social Security *d,inistration *ccreditation 7ouncil on Ser-ices for People "ith isabilities S ept of Education State ALces
Jocational ehabilitation
Protection and *d-ocacy i-ision of e-elop,ental isabilities
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;han Hou+Myeshi Briley Personal 5ote:
I "ould lie to than you for your ti,eand support in readin$ the infor,ationto learn ,ore about epilepsyK Please
share the infor,ation "ith othersK Isupport a -ariety of charitableor$anizations throu$h the "orldK Mypassion is research that "ould one day
>nd a cure for epilepsyK I a, also anad-ocate for helpin$ childrenC adults "ithlife sills once dia$nosed "ith epilepsyK
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