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PRESENTATION ON THE
SEMINAR TOPIC
BIOCHIPSAISWARYA.A
ASAOMCA001
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INTRODUCTION
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BIOCHIP=BIO+CHIP•BIO stands for any biological entity
like protein,DNA etc•CHIP stands for computer chipIt is a mate between biological
entity and computer chip
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It is a new type of computer logic bio security device implanting in our body that can identify us uniquely and can used to track our location
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It is the outcome of the fields of
computer science, electronics and
biology
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DEFINITION
A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a
solid substrate that permits many test to be performed at the same time.
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A biochip like a computer chip can perform millions of mathematical operations and thousands of biological reactions in
few seconds.
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Chips are of the size of uncooked grain of rice small enough to injected
under the skin using a syringe needle.
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BIOCHIP AND SYRINGE
Biochip is inserted in to the body with a hypodermic syringe
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Where it is inserted?
In pets it is injected behind the neck
In humans it is inserted in hands or in the forehead
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•
THE BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY
The biochip uses radio frequency identification (RFID)system that uses low frequency radio signals to communicate between a biochip and reader.
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COMPONENTS OF BIOCHIP
A biochip implant system consists of two components
1.The Transponder
2.The reader
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TRANSPONDER
The transponder consists of 4 parts:
1.computer microchip2.Antenna coil3.Tuning capacitor4.Glass capsule
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STRUCTURE
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COMPUTER MICROCHIP
Stores a unique identification number(UID)
The UID is Encoded via laser
Contains electronic circuitary to transmits ID number to the reader
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ANTENNA COIL
It is a coil of copper wire around a iron core
This tiny radio antenna receives and send signals from the reader
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TUNING CAPACITOR
Stores the electrical charge send by the reader to activate the transponder
The capacitor is tuned to the same frequency of the radio wave send from the reader
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GLASS CAPSULE
Made up of soda lime glass. After assembly the capsule is air tightly scaled so no bodly fluids can enter in to the circuit inside.
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THE READER
Consists of an exciter coil which creates an electromagnetic field to excite the implanted biochip.
The reader carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number from the biochip.
Reader decode the received code and display the result in the LCD display.
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WORKING OF BIOCHIPReader generate a low power
electromagnetic field to activate the implanted biochip
The biochip sends a unique id to the readerThe reader convert the ID in to digital
format, decodes and displays the ID number on the LCD display
This number is then compared with a Database listing of already registered details
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SELDI PROTEIN BIOCHIPS
Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization
Analyse the protein map that reveals early disease
recognition,progession etc.
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Medicinal Implementations
of Biochip
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Biochip perform early detection of diseases
The biochip surface contain hundreds of small dots or drops of arrays
Each of these dots contains proteins, antibody or nucleic acid that can attach to a particular DNA
The nucleic acid cause the dots to light up when scanned
The computer algorithm decode the dot pattern produced
These detect the differences in the antibodies of the affected person and detect diseases like cancer, respiratory syndromes etc
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Biochip as a glucose detector
Biochip underneath the skin sense the glucose level and sends the results back to the system out by Radio frequency communication.
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Biochip as a oxygen sensor
Biochip can be integrated with oxygen sensor. The s4ms chip is used for sensing oxygen or glucose in blood.
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Biochip as an BP sensor
Integration of pressure detecting circuits with biochip can make the chip continuously
monitor the blood flow rate .
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APPLICATIONS
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Tracing of a person or animal anywhere in the world is possible
Can store and update financial,medical,demographic data of a person
Biochip leads to a secured E-commerce systems
Replacing passports,cash,medical records.
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ADVANTAGES
To locate lost people and wandering Alzheimer’s Patients. To identify person uniquely. They can perform thousands of biological reactions
operations in few seconds. In monitoring health condition of individuals in which they
are specifically employed. They can perform thousands of biochemical reactions.
Simultaneously. Perform early detection of diseases Can store and update financial, demographic ,medicinal
data and so on
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DISADVANTAGES
They raise critical issues of personal privacy.They mark the end of human freedom and
dignity.There is a danger of turning every man
women, and Child into a controlled slave.Through cybernetic biochip implants people
will think and act as exactly pre-programmed.
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FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
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CONCLUSION
The really fascinating idea is under fast track research "but we're close.” The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. "This is science fiction stuff."
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