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Heat Stress
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Objectives
Definitions Causal factors
Heat disorders and health effects
Prevention and control
Engineering controls
PPE
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Objectives
Work practice controlsAcclimatization
Re-acclimating
Administrative controls
Work monitoring
Training
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Definitions
Heat stress Sum of environmental and metabolic heat loads on
an individual minus the heat loss to the environment,
primarily through evaporation
Heat strain Overall physiological response resulting from heat
stress
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The Four Environmental Factors
TemperatureAmbient air temperature
Humidity
Amount of moisture in the air
Radiant heat Such as from the sun or a furnace
Air velocity Circulating air
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What is a WBGT?
1. normal thermometer (dry-bulb)
2. wet-bulb thermometer
humidity3. globe temperature
radiant heat
Wet Bulb Globe Temp.
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Whats the Law?
General Duty Clause: 25(2)(h) an employer shall, take every precaution
reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of aworker; taken from: OH&S Act
MOL Heath and Safety Guidelines: Heat Stress: The MOL uses the TLVs for Heat Stress published by
the ACGIH.taken from: http://www.gov.on.ca/LAB/english/hs/guidelines/gl_heat.html
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Screening WBGT (in C ):
workdemands:
light moderate heavy veryheavy
100% work;
(breaks incl.)
28.0
31.0
25.0
28.0
not
allowed
not
allowed75% work;25% rest
28.531.0
26.029.0
24.027.5
notallowed
50% work;
50% rest
29.5
32.0
27.0
30.0
25.5
29.0
24.5
28.025% work;75% rest
29.032.5
29.031.0
28.030.5
27.030.0
Action Level TLV
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1. clothing OK/adjustment?
2/3a. WBGT screening/detailed action limit
2/3b. WBGT screening/detailed TLV
5.job-specific controls
NO
4. heat strain evaluation- heart rate- core temperature
YES
above
below
above or no data
excessive
OK
below
2007
ACGIHHeatStress/Strain
TLV
keep monitoring
general controls
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Causal Factors
Age, weight, degree of physical fitness Degree of acclimatization, metabolism
Use of alcohol or drugs
as well as a variety ofmedical conditions such as
hypertension all affect a
persons sensitivity to heat.
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with all these vulnerabilities
who typically gets heat stroke?
young physically fit males
and sick older people
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Acclimatization
Acclimatization Successive heat exposures of at least one hour per
day
Initially, 20% exposure for the first day, followed by
20% per day increase in exposure over the next fourdays
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Re-Acclimating
After long absences 50% exposure on day back
20% per day increase for the next 2 days
Final 10% on the 3
rd
day
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Causal Factors
Prior heat injury predisposes an individual toadditional injury
Type of clothing worn must be considered
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The Heat Equation
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Heat Disorders and Health Effects
Heat rash
Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
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Heat Rash
Most common problem in hot workenvironments
Symptoms
Prickly heat is manifested as red papules and usuallyappears in areas where the clothing is restrictive
Sweat cannot freely evaporate from the skin and
sweat ducts become plugged
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Heat Rash
Prevention Prevented by breathable clothing, thorough
cleansing of the skin
Treatment Treated by keeping skin dry, use of cooled sleeping
quarters, calamine lotion
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Heat Cramps
May result after excessive water loss,sweating, dehydration
Symptoms
Shriveled skin, sunken eyes, dry mouth and tongue
Severe pain and cramps in legs and abdomen,
fainting or dizziness, weakness, profuse
sweating, and headaches
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Heat Cramps
Treatment Increase fluid intake, increase salt intake, rest and
move to a cool place
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Heat Exhaustion
Blood moves toward outer body to removeheat. Blood pools in the skin leaving less for the brain.
Symptoms Fatigue, headache, dizziness, profuse sweating,
rapid pulse, thirst, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting,
and fainting
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Heat Exhaustion
Treatment Get to the shade, cool off, increase fluids, cold wet
towels or ice, fan, elevate legs above heart, loosen
clothing, dont give any liquids containing alcohol or
caffeine, may need IV.
If condition worsens, seek medical
attention immediately.
If left untreated, heat exhaustion can
lead to HEAT STROKE.
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Heat Stroke
A medical emergency and a life threatening
condition caused by the failure of the heat-
regulating mechanisms of the body, due to
high heat and humidity.
Core temperature rises, body stops sweating
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Heat Stroke
Symptoms Skin is hot and dry, flushed; rapid pulse; confusion;
nausea; convulsions; rectal temp. > 105.8 F;
unconsciousness
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Heat Stroke
Treatment Remove to cooler location, loosen clothing, immerse
in cool water, wrap in wet sheets, cold compresses
to the head, neck and groin. SEEK MEDICAL
ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://school.discoveryeducation.com/clipart/images/firstaid.gif&imgrefurl=http://school.discoveryeducation.com/clipart/clip/firstaid.html&usg=__i6HVZlJBo4wd_yjr12HGpR_UHCg=&h=448&w=500&sz=8&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=ozFwq9SCdEByWM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=130&prev=/images?q=first+aid+clip+art&gbv=2&hl=en&sa=G7/30/2019 5.Paparan Panas
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Citations for Heat Stress?
Heat stress hazards are cited using theGeneral Duty Clause.
General Duty Clause
Each employer shall furnish to each of his employeesconditions of employment and a place of employment
that are free from recognized hazards that are causing or
are likely to cause death or serious injury or serious
physical harm to his employees.
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The employer failed to keep the workplacefree of a hazard to which employees of thatemployer were exposed and:
The hazard was recognized in the industry,
The hazard was causing or likely to cause death orserious physical harm, and
There was a feasible and useful method to correct
the hazard.
The General Duty ClauseNCGS 95-129(1)
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Prevention and Control
Engineering controls Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Work practice controls
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Engineering Controls
General ventilationAir treatment/air cooling air conditioning
Local air cooling
Convection Heat conduction
Radiant heat sources
Shielding Insulation and surface modification
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Work Practice Controls
Perform work activities during cooler periods of the day
Minimize activity in hot area
Slow down the work pace
Reduce the number and duration of exposures
Wear proper clothing
Provide recovery areas
Work rate
The fastest way to decrease the rate of heat production is to
decrease the work rate.
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Work Monitoring Programs
Personal monitoring Heart rate
Recovery heart rate
Oral temperature Extent of body water loss
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Personal Protective Equipment
Reflective clothing
Auxiliary body cooling
Ice vests
Wetted clothing low humidity
Water-cooled garmentshoods, vests and long
johns
Circulating air vortex tubes, compressed air
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Training
Knowledge of hazards
Predisposing factors age, etc.
Signs and symptoms
PPE
First aid
Health effects of heat stroke
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Bottom Line
Excessive heat in the work environment canlead to:
Serious physical harm, and
Even death
The keys are:
Recognition of the potential, and
Prevention
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Thank You For Attending!
Final Questions?
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