yo

tú

ustedélella

nosotrosnosotras

ustedesellosellas

GC 1: Los pronombres

yo

tú

ustedélella

nosotrosnosotras

ustedesellosellas

soy

eres

es

somos

son

GC 2: Ser – the linking verb

(a mí) me gusta(n)

(a ti) te gusta(n)

(a usted)(a él) le gusta(n)(a ella)(a nombre)

(a nosotros) nos gusta(n)

(a nosotras)

(a ustedes)(a ellos) les gusta(n)(a ellas)(a nombres)

GC 3: Gustar - to like

(backside)

• The usual “gusta” alters to “gustan” when the thing being liked is plural.

• Place “no” before the pronoun to say don’t or doesn’t like.

• In most cases, the “a + person” is optional. Other times it can clarify the subject.

GC 4: Definite articles (“4 the’s”)• Every noun in the Spanish language has a gender:

masculine or feminine.• Usually, the last letter of a word tells you its gender:

o=masculine a=feminine• The definite article (“the”) of a word varies according to

its gender and its number.

masc. fem.

sing.

plur.

EL LA

LOS LAS

GC 5: Asking questions• To ask a yes/no question in Spanish, you just raise

the tone of your voice at the end of the sentence.El profesor es simpático. → ¿El profesor es simpático?

(sí o no)

• You can also change the word order:¿Es simpático el profesor?

• You answer with sí or no, often followed by a restatement:

Sí, es simpático. /No, no es simpático.

¿Qué?¿Quién?¿Cuándo?¿Dónde?¿Cómo?¿Cuál?¿Cuánto?/¿Cuántos?¿Por qué?

GC 6: The preposition “de”• De is used to show possession or relationship:

It’s Ernesto’s car. → Es el carro de Ernesto.

• De can say what type or kind:I like adventure books. → Me gustan los libros de

aventuras.• De is used to say where someone is from:

Julio is from Spain. → Julio es de España.

* de + el = del

Es el carro del profesor. – It’s the teacher’s car.

yo

tú

ustedélella

nosotrosnosotras

ustedesellosellas

-o

-as

-a

-amos

-an

GC 7 : -AR verb conjugation

yo

tú

ustedélella

nosotrosnosotras

ustedesellosellas

-o

-es

-e

-emos-imos

-en

GC #8: -ER/-IR Conjugation

* Note that the NOSOTROS form is the only difference.

GC 9 : Conjugation of “Ir” – “to go”

• The verb conjugation you’ve learned so far is for REGULAR verbs (which is most of them).

• However, there are certain verbs which are IRREGULAR.

• For these, the endings don’t work and must simply memorize the 5 conjugated forms.

yo

tú

ustedélella

nosotrosnosotras

ustedesellosellas

voy

vas

va

vamos

van

Ir = to go

yo

tú

ustedélella

nosotrosnosotras

ustedesellosellas

tengo

tienes

tiene

tenemos

tienen*Remember: The nosotros form never stem-changes.

GC 10 : Tener – to have

GC 10B: Tener idioms1. Tener hambre – to be hungry2. Tener sed – to be thirsty3. Tener prisa – to be in a hurry4. Tener…..años – to be.....years old5. Tener miedo – to be scared6. Tener sueño – to be sleepy7. Tener que ( + infinitive) – to have to8. Tener ganas de ( + infinitive) – to

feel like

GC 11 : Ir + a + infinitive • To say what someone’s going to do in the

future, use the following setup:

+ A + Infinitive

- I’m going to eat. ______________________- He’s going to study. _____________________- We’re going to leave. __________________

VOY VAMOS

VAS

VA VAN Yo voy a comer.

Él va a estudiar.

Nosotros vamos a salir.

GC 12 : Irregular “yo” verbs• There are certain verbs in Spanish which are irregular

ONLY in the “yo” form.• These are commonly called Funky Yo’s.• The Funky Yo’s are:1. hacer (TO DO, MAKE) →2. poner (TO PUT)→3. traer (TO BRING)→4. salir (TO LEAVE)→5. saber (TO KNOW)→6. ver (TO SEE, WATCH)→

yo hagoyo pongo yo traigoyo salgo yo sé yo veo