Trabajo de Planeamiento Administrativo - Proyecto Avicola San Andres S.A

7/23/2019 Trabajo de Planeamiento Administrativo - Proyecto Avicola San Andres S.A

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8

JN]X@MWLLJÜN

Ge yxg|gn}g yx`zgl}` ha|am` gn jnvg|}jfalj`ng| mg oal}`xg| g{}gxn`| g jn}gxn`| ae

xwhx` mg avâlèa|% g|}á mjxjfjm` a |gx ea ha|g yaxa geah`xax wn Yeangabjgn}`

Ambjnj|}xa}jv` lwz` g|qwgba |g ywgmg ayxgljax gn ge mg|axxèe` mge }xahac`b`n`fxáojl`.

L`n ge ojn mg oabjejaxjsax ae xwhx` gnwnljab`| qwg alwgxm` ae Bjnj|}gxj` mg

Afxjlwe}wxa mge Ygxó% Bjnaf% ge |gl}`x avâlèa xgfj|}xü wn jnlxgbgn}` gn 19' gn ge

yxjbgx bg| mg 8911% |g g|}jba qwg ge lxgljbjgn}` mge |gl}`x avâlèa% ae }êxbjn`

mge 8911% eegfaxâa a 6' }gnjgnm` gn lwgn}a ea }a|a mg lxgljbjgn}` |`|}gnjma mge

6%=' l`b` yx`bgmj` anwae jbywe|ama y`x ea baz`x mgbanma jn}gxna. Amgbá| mg

|gx fgngxam`xa mg gbyeg` }jgng }abhjên ae}a jnljmgnlja gn ge mg|axxèe` mg `}xa|

al}jvjmamg| afxâlèa| ` jnmw|}xjaeg| l`ng{a| mg fxan jbyal}` gl`nübjl` yaxa ge

yaâ|.

Gn ge mg|axxèe` mg g|}a b`n`fxaoâa |g ywgmg ayxgljax `hcg}jvabgn}g l`nlew|j`ng|

ywn}waeg| algxla mg e`| yxjnljyaeg| oal}`xg| g{}gxn`| ae xwhx`% |jgnm` ea ha|g yaxa

g|}aheglgx nwg|}xa yx`yja bj|jün `xfanjsalj`nae. Y`|}gxj`x a gee`% |g gnl`n}xaxá

wna vj|jün z e`| `hcg}jv`| }xasam`| yaxa aelansaxea% amgbá| mg wn }xahac`g|}xa}êfjl` gno`lam` gn ljnl` owgxsa| l`byg}j}jva| mge bgxlam` qwg n`|

ygxbj}jxán mg|axxèeax nwg|}xa mgogn|jva gn ge Bgxlam`% z yaxa geah`xax g|}xa}gfja|

ògn|jva| mj|gñab`| }xg| mjvj|j`ng| mg Yx`mwl}` z wna mjvj|jün mg |gxvjlj`. Y`x

`}x` eam` |g y`mxá `h|gxvax mjvgx|a| ba}xjlg| ambjnj|}xa}jva| lxgama| yaxa

g|qwgba}jsax nwg|}xa yeanjojlaljün.

A l`n}jnwaljün yx`lgmgxgb`| a mg|axxèeax nwg|}x` yx`zgl}` Avâlèa \an Anmxê|

\.A.



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<. MGOJNJLJÜN

<.1.* °Qwê g| wna avâlèa0

Ygx|`na qwg |g mgmjla a ea lxjansa mg avg| yaxa ayx`vglkax |w| yx`mwl}`| z

l`bgxljaejsaxe`|. Mg bangxa `xfanjsama z gn baz`xg| g|laea| mg yx`mwlljün |gmgn`bjna Jnmw|}xja Avâlèa.

Ea jnmw|}xja avâlèa }jgng l`b` ba}gxja yxjba ge gbyeg` mg avg| lwjmama| gn

fxanca| z faey`ng|% kaljgnm` w|` mg ea avjlwe}wxa% mgojnjgnm` a g|}a l`b` ljgnlja

` ax}g mg ea lxjansa mg avg|.

Ea avjlwe}wxa hxjnma ae afxjlwe}`x ygxwan` wn bgxlam` yaxa |w baâs% baz`x a

1½;99%999 ]b y`x añ` z \`za y`x bá| mg ?99%999 ]b añ`.

Ea Avjlwe}wxa w}jejsa }gxxgn`| gxjas`| n` ay}`| yaxa ea afxjlwe}wxa% |jn qwg ge g|}am`

kaza jnvgx}jm` gn jxxjfalj`ng| ` laxxg}gxa|.

<.8.* Ownlj`ng| mg ea gbyxg|a.

Avâlèa \an Anmxê| \.A. }jgng l`b` ownlj`ng| yxjnljyaeg| ea lxjansa z

l`bgxljaejsaljün.

<.<.* Mg|axxèe` mg ownlj`ng|.

<.<.1.* Lxjansa

L`x}` ygxâ`m` mg lxgljbjgn}` mge avg +=6"=: mâa| yaxa `h}gngx yèe`| mg

laxng yaxa |w l`bgxljaejsaljün*.

Fananlja mg yg|` mjaxja baz`x qwg gn `}x` |j|}gba mg lxjansa +L`n wna

l`nvgx|jün aejbgn}jlja alwbweama mg ka|}a 8.1 dje`| mg aejbgn}` l`n|wbjm`

y`x lama 1 df. mg yèe` vjv` yx`mwljm`% a yax}jx mg ea 6ba. \gbana*.

Xgqwjxjgnm` ge w|` mg aejbgn}`| haeanlgam`| z amj}jv`| nw}xjlj`naeg|.

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves





=

Baz`x w|` mg ban` mg `hxa g|ygljaejsama +_g}gxjnaxj`|% S``}glnj|}a|%

Ambjnj|}xam`xg|% g}l.*.

Xgqwjgxg mg gqwjy`| +Labyana|% l`bgmgx`|% hghgmgx`|% g}l.* g

jn|}aealj`ng| +l`b` y`x gcgbye` faey`ng|% }anqwg| mg afwa% g}l.*.

W}jejsaxgb`| mg yx`fxaba| mg yxgvgnljün z l`n}xè |anj}axj`. Mghjgnm`

`h}gngx bgc`x xgnmjbjgn}` z laejmam mg laxla|a ae bgxlam` z y`x e` }an}`

bgc`xg| yxglj`|.

Ea| fxanca| g|}axán a|`ljama| a fxanmg| gbyxg|a| +g| mgljx Jn}gfxama|*.

Ge }jy` mg |j|}gba mg yx`mwlljün Jn}gfxama |g yxg|gn}a y`x e` fgngxae gn ea|fxanca| whjlama| gn ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg Ejba +l`n wn ?<.:'*% Ea Ejhgx}am

+<8.?'* z gn Jla +89.?'*.

Aejbgn}aljün gn ea lxjansa.

Mghgxá l`n|j|}jx gn aejbgn}`| yxgyaxam`| l`n mg}gxbjnam`| jn|wb`| qwg

bgsleam`| gn yx`y`xlj`ng| amglwama| van a yx`mwljx l`nlgn}xam`|

gnxjqwgljm`|% l`n e`| njvgeg| amglwam`| mg nw}xjgn}g|% yaxa |a}j|oalgx e`|

xgqwgxjbjgn}`| nw}xj}jv`| mg ea| avg|. \g yxgyaxa wn }jy` mg aejbgn}` yaxa

lama g}aya mg mg|axxèe` mge avg4 a|â }gngb`| qwg gn yèe`| mg laxng |g

o`xbwean aejbgn}`| mg Jnjlj`% Lxgljbjgn}` z Alaham`.

Ge |j|}gba mg aha|}gljbjgn}` mg aejbgn}` g| Am"Ejvjmwb% g| mgljx |jn

xg|}xjllj`ng| ka|}a ea 6ba. \gbana mg gmam% yaxa yèe`| mg laxng. Gn ge

la|` mg avg| mg y`|}wxa |g ayejla wn yx`fxaba mg xg|}xjlljün mg aejbgn}`

gn}xg ea 6ba. a 1;ava. \gbana mg gmam% yaxa `h}gngx baz`x yx`mwlljün mg

kwgv`| z baz`x y`xlgn}acg mg kwgv`| fxanmg| z bgmjan`|% yaxa ea

xgyx`mwlljün mg bá| avg|.



7

<.<.8.* L`bgxljaejsaljün

Yx`mwljx g|}xa}êfjlabgn}g% z vgnmgx mg o`xba baz`xj|}a nwg|}x`|

Yx`mwl}`|% n`| g|ygljaejsaxgb`| gn ea lxjansa z vgn}a mg yèe` vjv` ae y`x

baz`x.

W|ax lwa}x` mjogxgn}g| b`mge`| mg }xahac` l`n e`| lejgn}g|% mgygnmjgnm` mg

lama lejgn}g. E`| gegbgn}`| qwg o`xban lama b`mge` |`n3 yèe`|% |anjmam%

}glnè`fâa z ambjnj|}xaljün.

\gx l`byg}gn}g| z lxgax% mg|axxèeaxn`| a }xavê| mge ayxgnmjsacg%

bgc`xabjgn}` g jnn`valjün% z l`n ea yax}jljyaljün mg e`| lejgn}g|%yx`vggm`xg|% ygx|`nae mg ea gbyxg|a% allj`nj|}a| z ea l`bwnjmam.

\a}j|oaljgnm` ea| nglg|jmamg| mg aejbgn}aljün mg ea| ygx|`na|% al`xmg a

e`| nwgv`| káhj}`| aejbgn}axj`| z gn }`ma| ea| `y`x}wnjmamg| mg l`n|wb`

ba|jv`% gn e`| k`faxg| ` owgxa mg êe +ngf`lj`| mg l`bjma% g}l.*

Mj|}xjhwljün gn ea l`bgxljaejsaljün.

Kaxgb`| eegfax mg o`xba mjxgl}a ea vaxjgmam mg nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`| a lama

wn` mg e`| |gl}`xg| g|}ahegljm`| mge bgxlam`% ay`zánm`n`| gn wn |j|}gba

qwg whjlaxá nwg|}x`| mjogxgn}g| ywn}`| mg mj|}xjhwljün.

L`n}ab`| l`n ge }xan|y`x}g amglwam` qwg faxan}jsaxá ea l`n|gxvaljün mg ea

laejmam mg nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`|% qwg gn }êxbjn`| fgngxaeg| |gxá |gxvjlj`

}gxlgxjsam` mghjmabgn}g |gegl}`.

Ahaxlaxgb`| wna mj|}xjhwljün gn bgxlam`| ae y`x baz`x mg ea s`na mg

mj|}xjhwljün. \jgnm` nwg|}x` Lgn}x` @ygxalj`ng| \an Cwan mg Ewxjfanlk`%

ahaxlanm` yxjnljyaebgn}g ea| |jfwjgn}g| ygxjogxja|3 L`ba|% E`| @ejv`|%

Laxahazee`% \an Bax}jn mg Y`xxa|% \an}a Anj}a% Ge Afw|}jn`% A}g% \CB% _B]

z _jeea ge \aevam`x.



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=.* OAL]@XG\ G[]GXN@\

=.1* Oal}`xg| Gl`nübjl`|

@Y@X]WNJMAMG\

1. Ea yx`mwlljün mge |wh|gl}`x yglwaxj` lxgljü gn ;.1' y`x wna baz`xg{y`x}aljün gn ea lxjansa mg avg|% y`xljn`|% fanam` valwn`% `vjn`| z y`x ea

baz`x yx`mwlljün mg kwgv` +1gx \gbg|}xg 8911*. Amgbá|% gn Gngx` |g

xgfj|}xü ea g{y`x}aljün mg =7 bjee`ng| mg wnjmamg| mg yèe`% ljoxa |wygxj`x gn

19.6' gn vèwbgn xg|ygl}` a gngx` mg 8919. Ljnl` xgfj`ng| aelansax`n

:9' mg ea bg}a nalj`nae% l`xxg|y`nmjgnm` a Ejba ea baz`x yax}jljyaljün

l`n 7?.7' mge }`}ae.

Anaejsanm` e` an}gxj`x |g ywgmg ayxgljax qwg g{j|}g wna }gnmgnlja mg

lxgljbjgn}` gn ge bgxlam` mg ea Jnmw|}xja Avâlèa% e` lwae n`| yx`y`xlj`na

hwgna g{ygl}a}jva mg mg|axxèe` gn ge ngf`lj`% l`n|jmgxanm` ea ow}wxa

fg|}jün mg l`bgxljaejsaljün gn g{y`x}aljün mg nwg|}x` yx`mwl}`.

8. Ge Bjnj|}gxj` mg Afxjlwe}wxa g|}jbü qwg ea yx`mwlljün mg laxng mg yèe` gn ge

8911 |gxá mg 1½91<%:1: }`ngeama|% ljoxa qwg xgyxg|gn}a wn jnlxgbgn}` mge ?

y`x ljgn}` l`n xg|ygl}` ae l`n|wb` }`}ae mge añ` ya|am`% lwanm` owg mg:79%;;? }`ngeama| +79: bjee`ng| mg yèe`| gn yjg*. \g ywgmg n`}ax qwg

}gngb`| wna owgx}g l`byg}gnlja gn ge xwhx`% |jn gbhaxf` |g mghg `h|gxvax

qwg ge bgxlam` avâlèa lxglg a hwgn xj}b` hxjnmam` ea `y`x}wnjmam mg

y`mgx y`|ggx aefwn`| njlk`|.

<. Gn ea al}waejmam% gn Ygxó% ge xa}j` mg jnvgx|jün }`}ae g| ae}`% 87'% z ea

yx`mwl}jvjmam mg ea gl`n`bâa man gn l`ncwn}` wn lxgljbjgn}` mge YHJy`}gnljae mg ?' a ?.7' yaxa 8911% z aexgmgm`x mg 6' yaxa e`| yxü{jb`|

añ`|% g|}`| jnmjlam`xg| n`| bwg|}xan qwg g|}ab`| gn wn b`bgn}`

`y`x}wn` yaxa jnvgx}jx.

http://www.minag.gob.pe/

http://www.minag.gob.pe/



6

=. YGXW l`n layaljmam mg |`y`x}ax wna y`|jheg xglg|jün bwnmjae. _gab`| |w

l`n}g{}` l`bgxljae mg Ygxó3 Ea| g{y`x}alj`ng| a|lgnmjgx`n a W-81%??=

bjee`ng| mwxan}g ge 1gx |gbg|}xg 8911% baz`xg| gn <7' xg|ygl}` ae 1gx

|gbg|}xg 8919. Mjlka gvèwljün g|}wv` |w|}gn}ama }an}` gn ge lxgljbjgn}`

mg e`| yx`mwl}`| }xamjlj`naeg| +$<7'* l`b` mg e`| n` }xamjlj`naeg| +$<='*.

E`| yx`mwl}`| }xamjlj`naeg| |wbax`n W\-1?%:8= bjee`ng| z |w gvèwljün

y`|j}jva g|}wv` |w|}gn}ama yxjnljyaebgn}g gn ge aesa mg e`| yxglj`| mg

g{y`x}aljün ywg| ge vèwbgn lxgljü egvgbgn}g. Lahg an`}ax qwg g|}`|

yx`mwl}`| xgyxg|gn}ax`n lgxla mge ;9' mge awbgn}` mg ea| g{y`x}alj`ng|

}`}aeg|. Gn |ân}g|j| ea haeansa l`bgxljae mge Ygxó xgfj|}xaxa wna egvg aesa

yaxa g|}g añ` l`n xg|ygl}` ae añ` an}gxj`x.

ABGNASA\

1. Gn ea al}waejmam g{j|}gn hgngojlj`| gn JF_ +g{`ngxalj`ng| }xjhw}axja|* g

jbywg|}`| a e`| Al}jv`| Ng}`| qwg n` }jgng yeas` mg vgnljbjgn}`% e` lwae

fgngxa jnlgx}jmwbhxg gn}xg e`| g|ygljaej|}a|4 ywmjgnm` abgnasax a nwg|}x`

yx`zgl}` A_JL@EA \AN ANMXG\ \.A. |`hxg }`m` gn ea yax}g yxg|wywg|}ae

anwae amgbá| mg gn yx`zgllj`ng| gn ea| w}jejmamg| |`hxg ea| vgn}a|.

8. Aón g{ywg|}` gn ea| `y`x}wnjmamg| +Oal}`xg| Gl`nübjl`|*4 g{j|}g ea

y`|jhjejmam qwg ea Gl`n`bâa bwnmjae gn}xg gn Xglg|jün% |j owg|g }an owgx}g

z }xa|lgnmjgxa ea ―haxxgxa‒ mg ea owgx}g gl`n`bâa ygxwana gn}`nlg|

aogl}axâa mg bangxa xgegvan}g n` |è` ae |gl}`x Yglwaxj`.

<. Ge Bjnj|}gxj` mg Yx`mwlljün jno`xba qwg kahxá wna xg`xjgn}aljün mg ea

yg|qwgxâa kalja ge l`n|wb` kwban` mjxgl}` +LKM* gn ge baxl` mg ea

|gfwxjmam aejbgn}axja mge yaâ| a yax}jx mg ojn mge yxg|gn}g añ` +8911*.

Jnmjlü qwg al}waebgn}g g{j|}g wn |g|f` kalja ea yg|la jnmw|}xjae mghjm` a

e`| a}xal}jv`| yxglj`| mg ea kaxjna mg yg|lam` gn ge bgxlam` jn}gxnalj`nae%

|alxjojlanm` ge LKM gn ge yaâ|. Xg`xjgn}ax ea yg|qwgxâa kalja ge LKM g|



;

ownlj`nae l`n ea g|}xa}gfja mg |gfwxjmam aejbgn}axja% qwg g| wn l`by`ngn}g

há|jl` mg ea jnlew|jün |`ljae% axfwbgn}a.

―Kaheab`| mg |gfwxjmam aejbgn}axja gn ge gn}gnmjm` mg l`n}ax l`n ea

y`|jhjejmam mg }gngx wn aha|}gljbjgn}` mg yx`}gâna mg hac` l`|}` ha|am` gn

yx`mwl}`| baxjn`|‒% an`}ü ge bjnj|}x`. Xgojxjü qwg g| ownmabgn}ae }gngx wna

yg|la gn ea qwg awbgn}g ea ògx}a gn lan}jmam z mjvgx|jmam mg yx`mwl}`|

kjmx`hjèüfjl`| yaxa l`n|wb` y`yweax.

Mgojnj}jvabgn}g }gngx ae g|}am` yx`b`lj`nanm` l`n owgxsa wn yx`mwl}`

|w|}j}w}` l`b` ge Yg|lam`% n`| jnlxgbgn}a ea l`byg}gnlja% l`n|jmgxanm`

qwg e` qwg |g mg|ga g| fgngxax jnlxgbgn}` a ea }gnmgnlja mg |w l`n|wb`.

=.8* Oal}`xg| Yèâ}jl` " egfaeg|

@Y@X]WNJMAMG\

1. Yaxa ea yx`mwlljün mg laxng mg yèe` \gna|a% Ea A|`ljaljün Ygxwana mg

Avjlwe}wxa +AYA* z `}xa| jn|}j}wlj`ng| g|}a}aeg| z yxjvama| vjgngn }xahacanm`

yaxa qwg ge yaâ| |ga mgleaxam` ejhxg mg Ng La|}eg# z mg Jnoewgnlja Avjax% e`qwg ygxbj}jxá aelansax e`| g|}ánmaxg| jn}gxnalj`ng| mg laejmam z |anjmam a

ojn mg y`mgx jnfxg|ax ae bgxlam` g{}gxn` fgngxanm` mjvj|a| l`n yx`mwl}`|

qwg }gnfan ae}` vae`x afxgfam` abyejanm` ea l`hgx}wxa al}wae mg

g{y`x}aljün.

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

# Ea gnogxbgmam mg Ngvla|}eg g| wna gnogxbgmam s``nü}jla mg avg| ae}abgn}g l`n}afj`|a qwg aogl}a a

bwlka| g|ygljg| mg avg| m`bê|}jla| z |jevg|}xg|. Aogl}a bá| n`}`xjabgn}g a ea| avg| mg l`xxae gn mghjm` a |w

ae}a |w|lgy}jhjejmam z a ea| y`|jhjejmamg| mg jbyal}` |gvgx` qwg wna gyjmgbja law|a gn ea jnmw|}xja avâlèa.

k}}y3//g|.jdjygmja.`xf/jdj/GnogxbgmamPmgPNgla|}eg

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis




http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfermedad_de_Newcastle







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8. Ge mg|axxèe` mg ea lamgna afx` yx`mwl}jva mge baâs abaxjee` mwx` qwg |g

vjgng }xahacanm` l`n ge ay`z` mg ea jnmw|}xja% ge Bjnj|}gxj` mg Afxjlwe}wxa% ea

AYA z `}xa| jn|}j}wlj`ng| xgmwljgnm` ea| jby`x}alj`ng| mg baâs

xggbyeasánmèa| l`n yx`mwlljün nalj`nae% bgc`xanm` e`| ânmjlg| mg

yx`mwlljün z yx`mwl}jvjmam }an}` gn ea l`|}a l`b` gn ea |geva.

<. Gn ge óe}jb` añ`% ge F`hjgxn` z \GNA\A kan mam` xg|èwlj`ng| qwg

o`bgn}an ea yx`}glljün mg ea| avg| mg gnogxbgmamg|. A|â gn gngx` mge

8911% |g gbj}jü ea xg|èwljün qwg ayxwgha e`| lxj}gxj`| yaxa ge xgfj|}x` z

aw}`xjsaljün |anj}axja Avâlèa.

=. G{j|}g ay`z` gn layalj}aljün |`hxg |aewm avâlèa% gn ge añ` 8919 \GNA\A

gbj}jü xg|èwlj`ng| qwg ayxwgha yx`fxaba mg lwx|`| yaxa `y}ax ea

l`nmjljün mg bêmjl`| vg}gxjnaxj`| aw}`xjsam`| gn |aewm avâlèa.

7. Jn}gfxaljün mg e`| yaâ|g| mg ea LAN gn wna yèâ}jla l`bgxljae xgfj`nae.

?. Jn}gxê| mg jn|}j}wlj`ng| yóhejla| z yxjvama| gn ea yx`mwlljün z

l`bgxljaejsaljün mg baâs nalj`nae.

6. Gn ge 8911% ge F`hjgxn` Ygxwan` xganwma jby`x}aljün mg fxan`| |gl`| mgmg|}jegxâa l`n |èwheg| +MMF\* w}jejsam`| gn ea aejbgn}aljün haeanlgama

yaxa avg|.

ABGNASA\

1. Ge axanlge mge baâs gn ge yaâ| qwg g| mge `xmgn mge 16' bjgn}xa| qwg gn

Lkjeg z Hèjvja g| mge 19'. G{j|}jgnm` ea nglg|jmam mg qwg |g gejbjng ea|

|`hxg}a|a| }gby`xaeg|.

8. Ea jby`x}aljün mge baâs g|}á aogl}a a wn mgxglk` g|yglâojl` vaxjaheg qwg |g

a yejla lwanm` ge yxglj` jn}gxnalj`nae g|}á y`x mghac` mge ―yxglj` yj|`‒ mg ea

hanma mg yxglj`|% ge bj|b` qwg gnlaxglg aón bá| e`| l`|}`| mg



19

yx`mwlljün avâlèa% y`x |gx ge baâs ge yxjnljyae jn|wb` gn ea geah`xaljün mg

aejbgn}`| haeanlgam`| yaxa avg| +bá| mge ?9' mg e`| l`|}`|*.

<. Ea jngqwjmam qwg g{j|}g a njvge mge bgxlam` jn}gxn` l`n xgealjün a

yx`mwl}`| l`b` ge yg|lam` z ea| bgng|}xa| qwg |g gnlwgn}xan.

=. Ea gn}xama gn vjfgnlja mge ]EL l`n GGWW ygxbj}g ge jnfxg|` ae bgxlam`

e`lae mg }x`s`| mg yèe` a hac`| yxglj`|% g{lgy}` ea yglkwfa.

7. Ay`z` mge F`hjgxn` yaxa baz`x mj|y`njhjejmam mg yx`mwl}`| |w|}j}w}`| l`b`

ge yg|lam` a yxglj`| l`byg}j}jv`|.

?. Nwgva| egzg| n`xba}jva| mg jn`lwjmam bwlk` bá| g|}xjl}a| yaxa ea

g{y`x}aljün mg aejbgn}`| z oae}a mg a|g|`xabjgn}` a e`| ygqwgñ`|

yx`mwl}`xg|.

=.<* Oal}`xg| ]glnèüfjl`|@Y@X]WNJMAMG\

1. _alwna|% L`n}ab`| l`n wn yx`fxaba mg l`n}xè z yxgvgnljün mg

gnogxbgmamg|% valwnanm` a nwg|}x`| yèe`| l`n}xa ea| gnogxbgmamg| z

gyjmgbja| l`b` Ngla|}eg4 lgx}jojlam` qwg n`| yx`y`xlj`na nwg|}x`

yx`vggm`x AFX@_G] BAXDG] \A z mg nwg|}x` gqwjy` mg s``}glnj|}a|.

8. Afwa% ban}gngb`| ge afwa mg e`| hghgmgx`| 199' y`}aheg l`n wn

}xa}abjgn}` mg le`x` z afxgfanm` |aeg| z bjngxaeg| yaxa ban}gngx a

nwg|}x`| yèe`| ejhxg| mg gnogxbgmamg| mg yjge z g|}`balaeg|.

<. Jn}gxng} yaxa avj|`|% ògx}a| z yx`b`lj`ng| yaxa }xan|bj}jx nwg|}xa jbafgn z

y`|jlj`nabjgn}` gn ge bgxlam` ge l`|}` g| mg W\M 89.99 anwaeg|.



11

=. \g ywgmg xgaejsax vgn}a| a }xavê| mge |j|}gba @N EJNG l`n nwg|}xa lwgn}a

hanlaxja gn ge hanl` HH_A L@N]JNGN]AE. Ge l`|}` y`x ban}gnjbjgn}` mge

|j|}gba g| mg W\M17.99 bgn|waeg|. L`n g|}g |j|}gba y`mgb`| vgxjojlax

ygmjm`| wxfgn}g| qwg ywgmgn |gx ah`nam`| gn lwgn}a l`xxjgn}g.

7. L`n}ab`| l`n jnoxag|}xwl}wxa b`mgxna mg nwg|}x`| faey`ng| yaxa e` lwae

ban}jgng wn |j|}gba mg |gfwxjmam l`n lábaxa| mg vjmg`% kjfjgng z

vgn}jealjün ban}gnjgnm` wna ejbyjgsa z mg|jnoglljün qwg ge ygx|`nae

aw}`xjsam` mghg ya|ax an}g| mge jnfxg|` z |aejma mg e`| faey`ng| gn e`|

saya}`|.

ABGNASA\1. Y`x ge yê|jb` ban}gnjbjgn}` gn ea| yj|}a| z ea oae}a mg ya}xweegx`| gn ea

ljwmam mg Ejba |g jnlxgbgn}a ge ânmjlg mg x`h`| gn ea layj}ae z y`x ge

jnlxgbgn}` mge yaxqwg aw}`b`}`x |g ywgmg jnlxgbgn}am` e`| alljmgn}g|

mg }xán|j}`.

8. Ge w|` mg qwâbjl`| z/` k`xb`na| qwg ywgman |gx w}jejsam`| y`x nwg|}x`|

l`byg}jm`xg| yaxa yx`lg|ax e`| yèe`| +g{j|}gn gn ge bgxlam`*.

<. W|` mg aejbgn}`| }xan|fênjl`| gn nwg|}x` la|` mge baâs }xan|fênjl` ka|}a

k`z n` |g |ahg a ljgnlja ljgx}a ge mañ` qwg ywgmg `la|j`nax ae |gx kwban`

ygx` kaz la|`| gn Bê{jl` gn ge lwae a ygx|`na| qwg g|}án naljgnm` l`n

yx`hegba| mg |aewm.

=.=* Oal}`xg| Lwe}wxaeg|

@Y@X]WNJMAMG\

1. G|}aheglgx nwg|}xa mg áxga mg yx`mwlljün gn ge mj|}xj}` mg \an Cwan mg

Ewxjfanlk`% ge lwae n`| òxglg wn lejba amglwam` yaxa ea lxjansa mg yèe`|.



18

8. G| wn yx`mwl}` qwg g| l`n|wbjm` ae bgn`| wna vgs y`x |gbana gn e`|

k`faxg| mg Ejba% za qwg |g gnlwgn}xa mgn}x` mg ea lana|}a há|jla oabjejax.

<. Mg|ywê| mg wn g|}wmj` mg bgxlam` geah`xam` y`x ea gbyxg|a A_F

XG\GAXLK l`n}xa}am` y`x ea `xfanjsaljün ma l`b` xg|we}am` qwg ea|oabjeja| mg Ejba% |`hxg }`m` ea| s`na| gbgxfgn}g| z ea| bá| y`heama|

l`b` \an Cwan mg Ewxjfanlk`% E`| @ejv`|% L`ba|% _jeea Ge \aevam`x% \an

Cwan mg Bjxaoe`xg| yxgojgxgn l`n|wbjx y`ee` oxg|l` z n` l`nfgeam` z

yxgojgxgn jx a e`| bgxlam`| mj|}xj}aeg| z n` a fxanmg| |wygxbgxlam`|.

=. Ge l`n|wb` mg mjlka avg |g ka vj|}` jnlxgbgn}am` gn e`| óe}jb`| añ`| mg

89 a <8 dje`| ae añ` ygx láyj}a.

ABGNASA\

1. ]gby`xama| haca| mg l`n|wb` |gbana |an}a% navjmam.

8. L`n}afj` mg l`n}xagx gnogxbgmamg| hal}gxjaeg|% l`b` ge lüegxa avjax.

<. Labhj`| lejbá}jl`| qwg ywgman yx`mwljx gnogxbgmamg| xg|yjxa}̀ xja|

lxünjla| gn ea| avg|.

=. Lxggnlja| jnljgx}a|% xgogxgn}g ae vae`x nw}xjlj`nae mge y`ee`.



1<

7* JN_G\]JFALJÜN MG EA\ 7 OWGXSA\ L@BYG]J]J_A\

7.1* L`byg}jm`xg| mge |gl}`x.

\an Ogxnanm` \AL

Gn 1:=; |g ownmü ge Fxwy` \an Ogxnanm`% jnjljam` l`b` wn ngf`lj` oabjejaxmgmjlam` a ea lxjansa mg ya}`|% gn e`| añ`| 69 |g jn}gfxa gn ge ngf`lj` mg e`|

yèe`|.

Gn e`| óe}jb`| añ`|% \an Ogxnanm` ka o`x}aegljm` |w yxg|gnlja z yax}jljyaljün gn

ge bgxlam` fe`hae% jnlxgbgn}anm` l`n}jnwabgn}g ge vèwbgn mg g{y`x}alj`ng|% ea|

lwaeg| }jgngn l`b` yxjnljyae mg|}jn` e`| yaâ|g| ejbâ}xòg|. A|jbj|b`% mg|mg 8997

ea jnmw|}xja avâlèa ygxwana qwgmü aw}`xjsama yaxa g{y`x}ax yèe` a Cayün% ge

|gfwnm` baz`x jby`x}am`x gn ge bwnm` z wn` mg e`| bá| g{jfgn}g| gn lwan}` a

bgmjma| |anj}axja|% gn ea lwae ban}jgng wna yxg|gnlja |jfnjojla}jva.

O`x}aegsa|3

Mghjm` a l`n}ax l`n wna yx`mwlljün mg|lgn}xaejsama% eg ygxbj}g ak`xxax gn

l`|}`| mg mj|}xjhwljün.

E`| Bwe}jbaxdg} \an Ogxnanm` al}waebgn}g |`n `ygxam`| y`x wna gbyxg|a

mg vgn}a xg}aje% e` qwg eg| ygxbj}g gno`lax|g gn ea| yxjnljyaeg| `ygxalj`ng|

mge ngf`lj`.

L`n ea| g{y`x}alj`ng| a e`| yaâ|g| ejbâ}xòg| z a Cayün% al}waebgn}g ka

o`x}aegljm` |w yxg|gnlja z yax}jljyaljün gn ge bgxlam` fe`hae.

Mghjejmamg|3 Bgc`xax ea mj|}xjhwljün gn e`| |wygxbgxlam`| gn vj|}a qwg gn aefwna|

ljxlwn|}anlja| n` |g l`n}aha l`n mjlk` yx`mwl}`.



1=

N` l`n}ax l`n ge aha|}gljbjgn}` mge baâs qwg |g yx`mwlg e`laebgn}g% ge

lwae gegva e`| l`|}`|.

Ban}jgng wna jbafgn an}jfwa% leá|jla% ea lwae n` g| eeaba}jva.

Xgm`nm`| \AL

Gn ge añ` 1:6= wn vj|j`naxj` c`vgn gnl`n}xü aefwna| áxga| mg }jgxxa gn ea s`na

bá| láejma mg ea ljwmam mg Kwalk`% mjlk`| }gxxgn`| g|}ahan x`mgam`| mg

gbyjnam`| lgxx`|% e`| qwg jby`|jhjej}ahan ea l`n|}xwlljün mg faey`ng| amglwam`|

yaxa lwbyejx wn |wgñ`.

Ge lxgljbjgn}` yx`fxg|jv` mg Avâlèa XGM@NM@\ \.A. n` |gxâa g{j}`|` |j n`

g|}wvjgxa wnjm` a ea jby`x}anlja mg ea gbyxg|a gn ayejlax e`| baz`xg| l`n}xèg| mg

laejmam z }glnè`fâa a |w| yx`mwl}`| z yx`lg|`|. Lwgn}an l`n wn vaej`|` fxwy`

kwban` l`byx`bg}jm` l`n nwg|}xa gbyxg|a.

O`x}aegsa|3

Amqwj|jljün mg wna baz`x yxg|gnlja gn ge bgxlam` mghjm` a l`n}ax l`n wna

fxan vaxjgmam mg yx`mwl}`|.

Jnn`valjün gn e`| yx`mwl}`| gnea}am`| mg ea Eânga Ayg}j}g% ea lwae `h}jgng

fxan al`fjma k`z gn mâa mghjm` a |gx wna l`bjma xáyjma.

Layalj}alj`ng| l`n|}an}g| a |w| gbyegam`|% e` qwg `xjfjna wn hwgn lejba

eah`xae.

Mghjejmamg|3

N` xgaejsan al}waebgn}g g{y`x}alj`ng|% e` qwg ejbj}a ea g{yan|jün mg |w

bgxlam`.



17

\w| yx`mwl}`| n` g|}án gn }`m`| e`| |wygxbgxlam`| g Kjygxbgxlam`| e`

qwg xgygxlw}g gn qwg n` eegfwg a fxan vaxjgmam mg ygx|`na|.

Avjnla \AL

Jnjlja |w| `ygxalj`ng| ge 1gx` mg Baxs` mg 1::?% xwhx` mg lxâa mg anjbaeg|

m`bê|}jl`|% eâmgx gn g{y`x}alj`ng| a Lè`bhja% Glwam`x z Lkjna% |w l`byx`bj|`

mg |gfwjx jnn`vanm` l`n |w eânga l`n ea jnawfwxaljün mg nwgva yean}a mg

yx`mwl}`| }`}aebgn}g l`ljm`|. \w egba g| ―\w |`lj` mg ngf`lj`| mg l`nojansa‒.

O`x}aegsa|3

Ban}jgng wna vgn}aca |jfnjojla}jva gn |w kahjejmam mg yx`vggx ae}a laejmam g

jnn`valjün% a }xavê| mg ang{` jnkgxgn}g qwg }jgng l`n ea mjvj|jün avâlèa mg

L`n}jFx`wy L`byanjg|% Jnl l`n |gmg gn Fajng|vjeeg% Fg`xfja +wna mg ea|

avâlèa| bá| fxanmg| mge kgbj|ogxj`*.

_gnmgn ea kaxjna mg yewba% ea lwae g| `h}gnjma a }xavê| mge

ayx`vglkabjgn}` mg ea| yax}g| n` w}jejsaheg| mg anjbaeg|% g| l`n`ljma a

njvge bwnmjae l`b` xgnmgxjnf% mjlka kaxjna mg `xjfgn anjbae |jxvg l`b`

aejbgn}` mg avg| z }xwlka% eâmgx mge bgxlam` avâlèa gn jnn`valjün% kjfjgngz laejmam mg yx`mwl}`.

Mghjejmamg|3

Mgygnmgnlja mg ea| jby`x}alj`ng| mge baâs% e` qwg xgyxg|gn}a wn baz`x

fa|}`.

Yxg|gnlja mg e`| yx`mwl}`xg| jno`xbaeg|% ge lwae xgyxg|gn}an wn 17' mge

bgxlam`.

Hac`| báxfgng| mg xgn}ahjejmam% ge lwae g| gn}xg <' z = ' mg ea| vgn}a|.



1?

7.8* Gbyxg|a| nwgva|.

Avâlèa G{j}`|a \AL

Whjlam` gn ea avgnjma ea Yas \an Bjfwge vgn}a ae y`x baz`x z bgn`x mg yèe`|

hgngojljam`|% vgn}a mg yèe`| gn}gx`| ygmjm`| yaxa al}jvjmamg| ownmam` ge añ`8991% l`no`xbam` y`x wn 199' mg layj}ae ygxwan`.

O`x}aegsa|

Ban}jgng wna laejmam mg yg|` gn ge yèe` gn vj|}a mg l`n}ax l`n e`|

g|}ánmaxg| mg laejmam qwg |g ban}jgng gn ea l`bjma z lwjmam`| l`n ea|

gnogxbgmamg| l`b` ea fxjyg avjax.

Gnvâ`| xáyjm`| mg e`| ygmjm`| gn vj|}a mg l`n}ax l`n wna oe`}a mg labj`ng|

}gxlgx jsam`|. L`n e` lwae |a}j|oalg ea| nglg|jmamg| mg |w| lejgn}g| manm`

|gfwxjmam gn ge gnvâ`.

Lwgn}a l`n wna yean}a yx`yja mg lxjansa m`nmg ywgmgn vgx ea laejmam mg

e`| yèe`| gn ea aejbgn}aljün g kjfjgng.

Mghjejmamg| N` }jgngn bwlka ygng}xaljün gn ge bgxlam` gn vj|}a qwg n` }jgngn wna

ywhejljmam ba|jva gn bgmj`| mg l`bwnjlaljün l`b` xamj`| z/` }gegvj|jün

|è` y`x jn}gxng}.

N` kaz wn k`xaxj` mg a}gnljün jnmjlam` gn |w yáfjna VGH.

_gn}a |è` ae y`x baz`x mg yèe`| hgngojljam`| +bwgx}`|*.



16

Avâlèa Cwan Laxe`| \AL

Mj|}xjhwjm`xa mg yèe`| g|ygljaejsam` ae y`x baz`x z bgn`x whjlam` gn ea s`na mg

Av. \an Yahe` <79 Ea _jl}`xja% l`x}g| yaxa al}jvjmamg| mgn`bjnama| yèeama| z

yaxa yèegxâa| g|ygljaejsama| a ea hxa|a.

O`x}aegsa|3

L`x}g| g|ygljaeg| mge yèe` g| mgljx yjgxna|% yglkwfa% gn}xgyjgxna z bw|e`|

mge yèe`.

E`| ygmjm`| ywgmgn |gx gogl}wam`| y`x }geêo`n` ` y`x Oa{ ` vâa GBAJE.

E`| ma}`| ywgmgn |gx whjlam`| gn yáfjna| abaxxjeea| z/` jn}gxng}.

Ban}jgng ge n`bhxg mg ea gbyxg|a gn ge bgxlam` gn vj|}a qwg gbygsü a

vgnmgx ónjlabgn}g gn |w| jnjlj`| kwgv`| yaxa ewgf` ya|ax a l`bgxljaejsax

ea vgn}a mg yèe`| mg|ywê| mg 9< añ`| gn mjlk` |gl}`x.

Mghjejmamg|3

Eabgn}ahegbgn}g ea s`na whjlama mg |w òjljna g| ygejfx`|a g jn|gfwxa y`xge ae}` ânmjlg mg a|ae}`| y`x g|}a gn yegna _jl}`xja ygx` mghgb`| ban}gngx

gn vj|}a qwg g| wna s`na mg ae}a al}jvjmam |`ljae z y`yweax.

Ea vgn}a bânjba mg lan}jmam mg yèe`| g| 9= y`x e` }an}` e`| lejgn}g| |j

mg|gan l`byxax bgn`| n` |`n a}gnmjm`|.

N` kaz jno`xbaljün mg ea gbyxg|a qwg ywgma azwmax a |w| yx`vggm`xg| z/`

lejgn}g|.

\w| lejgn}g| |`n e`| bgxlam`| baz`xj|}a| a qwjgn vgnmgn |w yx`mwl}` yaxa

mj|}xjhwjxe` a e`| bgxlam`| mj|}xj}aeg| z/` xg|}awxan}g| mg Ejba4 |`n lejgn}g|



1;

mg njvge |`lj` gl`nübjl` bgmj` z }jgng wn yx`bgmj` mg gmam baz`x mg =9

añ`|.

7.<* Gbyxg|a| mg Yx`mwl}`| |w|}j}w}`|.

Eânga| Baxjna| \AL

G| wna gbyxg|a lxgama kalg 19 añ`|% g|ygljaejsama gn ea mj|}xjhwljün mg

yx`mwl}`| kjmx`hjèüfjl`| }an}` gn ge bgxlam` jn}gxn`% l`b` }abhjên gn ge

bgxlam` jn}gxnalj`nae% ha|am`| yxjnljyaebgn}g gn ea g{ygxjgnlja mg |w

ygx|`nae% ge lwae eegva bá| mg 87 añ`| gn ge xwhx`% kahjênm`n`| mg|axxèeam` a

}xavê| mg lama wna mg ea| g}aya| mg ea lamgna% mg|mg ea g{}xalljün% yx`mwlljün%

}xan|o`xbaljün z l`bgxljaejsaljün% nwg|}xa gbyxg|a ka vgnjm` lxgljgnm`

xáyjmabgn}g l`nvjx}jênm`|g gn wna mg ea| bá| jby`x}an}g| mj|}xjhwjm`xa| mg

yx`mwl}`| kjmx`hjèüfjl`| mge Yaâ| .

" Mjxglljün Egfae3 Av. ea Yas Nx`. 18::

" Mj|}xj}` / Ljwmam3 Ea Ygxea

" Mgyax}abgn}`3 Yx`v. L`n|}. mge Laeea`

" N`bhxg L`bgxljae3 OJ\K BAXDG]

O`x}aegsa|3

Ygx|`nae l`n g{ygxjgnlja gn ge xwhx`.

Layaljmam mg mj|}xjhwljün mg Ejba z Yx`vjnlja.

N` |üe` l`bgxljaejsan ea eânga mg yg|lam`| z baxj|l`% |j n` }abhjên laxng.

Lwgn}an l`n }xan|y`x}g yx`yj` yaxa |w mj|}xjhwljün.

Lwgn}an l`n wna yáfjna gh% l`b` kgxxabjgn}a yaxa ywhejlj}ax |w|

yx`mwl}`| z m`nmg xgljhgn ea| l`n|we}a| mg e`| nwgv`| y`|jheg| lejgn}g|.



1:

_gn}a| ae y`x baz`x z bgn`x.

Mghjejmamg|

N` lwgn}an l`n vaxjgmam mg yx`mwl}`| baxjn`|.

N` lwgn}a l`n |j|}gba mg ygmjm`| vjx}wae a }xavê| mg |w yáfjna gh.

Ea g{j|}gnlja mg nwgva| gbyxg|a| l`bgxljaejsam`xa| mg yg|lam`% l`n

bgn`xg| l`|}`|.

7.=* Yx`vggm`xg|.

]xan|y`x}g Lgn}xae \.A.L

]xan|y`x}g Lgn}xae g| wna gbyxg|a mg }xan|y`x}g| e`laeg| g jn}gx yx`vjnlja% l`n

bá| mg = añ`| mg g{ygxjgnlja gn |w xwhx`% |g g|ygljaejsa gn ge |gxvjlj` mg

xgaejsaljün mg oeg}g| e`laeg| l`n labj`ng| mg <9 z 87 ]`ngeama| +laxfa ó}je*% gn

\gbj “]xajegx| }jy` yea}ao`xba z |gbj"owxf`ng| jmgaeg| yaxa nwg|}xa bgxlamgxâa.

O`x}aegsa|3

]xahaca l`n gbyxg|a| l`b` Avâl`ea Axadadj½|% Avjnda% oahxjlan}g| z

l`bgxljan}g| fxanmg| mg Axx`s% asólax l`b` La|a Fxanmg% Lax}avj`% g}l a

njvge nalj`nae z e`lae4 z g|a g{ygxjgnlja n`| ygxbj}g }gngx ea l`nojansa mg

qwg n`| yx`y`xlj`ngn wn g{lgegn}g |gxvjlj` mg Mg|yalk`|.

Ygx}gnglg a wn fxwy` mg l`bgxljan}g| mg Bgxlam` yx`mwl}`xg| l`n wn

fxan xg|yaem` gn Al}jv`| z oal}wxaljün egfae% e` qwg n`| ygxbj}g bangcax

wna fg|}jün O`xbae ae b`bgn}` mg xgqwgxjx |w| |gxvjlj`|% l`n|jmgxanm` qwg

nwg|}x`| oeg}g| |gxán 199' }gxlgxjsam`|.



89

Lwgn}an l`n 8= wnjmamg| mj|y`njheg| yaxa xw}a| e`laeg|% wna abyeja oe`}a

mg ea lwae ywgmgn mj|y`ngx yaxa nwg|}x` ngf`lj` wn =9' ae mâa. A wna }axjoa

ngf`ljama mg \/. 89 { ]B +BA\ JF_*.

]axjoa| ngf`ljama| jnlewzg }abhjên g|}jha z mg|g|}jha mg nwg|}xabgxlamgxâa.

Mghjejmamg|3

Oe`}a mg labj`ng| l`n añ` oáhxjla yx`bgmj` +899?*% e` l`n|jmgxab`|

an}jfwa|.

L`n`lgn e`| xw}g`| ygx` aón l`n l`n`lgn nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| z nwg|}x`|j|}gba mg }xahac`.

]axjoa |wcg}` a vaxjaljün gn ownljün ae yxglj` gn jnlxgbgn}` mg e`|

l`bhw|}jheg|.

7.7* Lejgn}g|.

Nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| |`n e`| fxanmg| bgxlam`| mg ejba mg ea| s`na| Gbgxfgn}g| z

ea| bá| y`heama| l`b` \an Cwan mg Ewxjfanlk`% E`| @ejv`|% L`ba|% _jeea Ge

\aevam`x% \an Cwan mg Bjxaoe`xg|% m`nmg yxgojgxgn l`n|wbjx y`ee` oxg|l` z n`

l`nfgeam` z yxgojgxgn jx a e`| bgxlam`| mj|}xj}aeg| z n` a fxanmg| |wygxbgxlam`|

Ea| gmamg| mg nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| z |g{` |`n jnmj|}jn}a|.

Ygxoje3

L`bgxljan}g| mg Y`ee`| mg vgn}a ae mg}aeeg% whjlam`| gn fxanmg| bgxlam`|

baz`xj|}a| z l``ygxa}jva| mg bgxlam`| gn s`na| gbgxfgn}g| l`b` ea| mg}aeeama|

an}gxj`xbgn}g.



81

?.* L`n|}xwlljün mg ea BJ\JÜN.

1* °Qwê ownljün ` ownlj`ng|mg|axxèea bj gbyxg|a0

Lxjansa z l`bgxljaejsaljün mg yèe`|.

8* °Yaxa qwjên mg|axxèe`g|}a ownljün ` ownlj`ng|0 \an Cwan mg Ewxjfanlk`% E`| @ejv`|% L`ba|%_jeea Ge \aevam`x% \an Cwan mg Bjxaoe`xg| ywg|

yxgojgxgn l`n|wbjx yèe` oxg|l` z }abhjên jx a

e`| bgxlam`| mj|}xj}aeg|.

<* °Lüb` |g mg|axxèean ea|ownlj`ng|0

Lxjansa3L`n}ab`| l`n wn laejojlam` |j|}gba mg lxjansa

l`bgxljae% mg l`x}` ygxj`m` mg lxgljbjgn}` mge

avg xgqwjxjgnm` yaxa gee` mg aejbgn}`|

haeanlgam`| z amj}jv`| nw}xjlj`naeg|% ban` mg`hxa ae}abgn}g laejojlama% jn|}aealj`ng| z

gqwjy`| mg ae}a }glnè`fâa% a|â l`b` mg e`|

l`n|}an}g| yx`fxaba| mg yxgvgnljün z l`n}xè

|anj}axj`.

Ea| avg| |`n aejbgn}ama| gn ha|g a

l`nlgn}xam`| gnxjqwgljm`|% yxgyaxam`| l`njn|wb`| bgsleam`| gn yx`y`xlj`ng| amglwama|

z l`n e`| njvgeg| xgqwgxjm`| mg nw}xjgn}g|% }`m`

gee` yaxa |a}j|oalgx ea| ae}a| g{jfgnlja|

nw}xj}jva| yaxa avg|.

L`bgxljaejsaljün3Kaxgb`| eegfax mg o`xba mjxgl}a nwg|}x`|

yx`mwl}`| a lama wn` mg e`| |gl}`xg|

g|}ahegljm`| mge bgxlam`% ay`zánm`n`| gn wn

|j|}gba qwg whjlaxá nwg|}x`| mjogxgn}g| ywn}`|

mg mj|}xjhwljün. L`n}ab`| l`n ge }xan|y`x}g

amglwam` qwg faxan}jsaxá ea l`n|gxvaljün mg ea

laejmam mg nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`|.



88

=* °Lwáe g| ge ojn óe}jb` mg ea`xfanjsaljün0

\a}j|oalgx ea| nglg|jmamg| mge bgxlam`% manm`

a l`n`lgx e`| hgngojlj`| mg wn yx`mwl}` 199'

`xfánjl`% l`n|gxvanm` ae}`| g|}ánmaxg| mg

laejmam.

7* °Lwánm` mg|axxèea g|}a|ownlj`ng|0

K`xaxj` mg a}gnljün.Ewng| a _jgxng| mg3 =399ab a 8399yb

\áham`| z M`bjnf`| mg3 =399ab a 1399yb.

BJ\J@N MG EA@XFANJSALJÜN

\`b`| wna gbyxg|a qwg hxjnma e`| |gxvjlj`| mg

lxjansa z l`bgxljaejsaljün mg yèe`| vjv`|. Yaxa

ea| oabjeja| mg e`| mj|}xj}`| mg \an Cwan mg

Ewxjfanlk`% E`| @ejv`|% L`ba|% _jeea Ge

\aevam`x% \an Cwan mg Bjxaoe`xg|.

Hxjnmanm` |gxvjlj`| mg lxjansa g|ygljaejsam`

l`n}anm` l`n wn laejojlam` |j|}gba mg lxjansa

l`bgxljae mg l`x}` ygxj`m` mg lxgljbjgn}` mge

avg xgqwjxjgnm` yaxa gee` aejbgn}`| haeanlgam`|

z amj}jv`| nw}xjlj`naeg|% ban` mg `hxa ae}abgn}g

laejojlama% jn|}aealj`ng| z gqwjy`| mg ae}a

}glnè`fâa% a|â l`b` mg e`| l`n|}an}g|

yx`fxaba| mg yxgvgnljün z l`n}xè |anj}axj`.

Ea| avg| |`n aejbgn}ama| gn ha|g a

l`nlgn}xam`| gnxjqwgljm`|% yxgyaxam`| l`n

jn|wb`| bgsleam`| gn yx`y`xlj`ng| amglwama|

z l`n e`| njvgeg| xgqwgxjm`| mg nw}xjgn}g|% }`m`

gee` yaxa |a}j|oalgx ea| ae}a| g{jfgnlja|

nw}xj}jva| yaxa avg|.

Gn ea l`bgxljaejsaljün% Kaxgb`| eegfax mg o`xba

mjxgl}a nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`| a lama wn` mg e`|

|gl}`xg| g|}ahegljm`| mge bgxlam`%



8<

6* BG]@M@E@FÂA YAXA EA L@BYAXALJÜN MG EABJ\JÜN% _AE@XG\ LGN]XAEG\ Z OJE@\@OÂA.

Bj|jün \`b`| wna gbyxg|a qwg hxjnma e`| |gxvjlj`| mg

lxjansa z l`bgxljaejsaljün mg y`ee`| vjv`|. Yaxa ea|

oabjeja| mg e`| mj|}xj}`| mg \an Cwan mg Ewxjfanlk`%

E`| @ejv`|% L`ba|% _jeea Ge \aevam`x% \an Cwan mg

Bjxaoe`xg|.

Hxjnmanm` |gxvjlj`| mg lxjansa g|ygljaejsam` l`n}anm`

l`n wn laejojlam` |j|}gba mg lxjansa l`bgxljae mg l`x}`

ygxj`m` mg lxgljbjgn}` mge avg xgqwjxjgnm` yaxa gee`

aejbgn}`| haeanlgam`| z amj}jv`| nw}xjlj`naeg|% ban`

ay`zánm`n`| gn wn |j|}gba qwg whjlaxá

nwg|}x`| mjogxgn}g| ywn}`| mg mj|}xjhwljün.

L`n}ab`| l`n ge }xan|y`x}g amglwam` qwg

faxan}jsaxá ea l`n|gxvaljün mg ea laejmam mg

nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`|.

Nalgb`| yaxa \a}j|oalgx ea| nglg|jmamg| mge

bgxlam`% manm` a l`n`lgx e`| hgngojlj`| mg wn

yx`mwl}` 199' `xfánjl`% l`n|gxvanm` ae}`|

g|}ánmaxg| mg laejmam.





8=

mg `hxa ae}abgn}g laejojlama% jn|}aealj`ng| z gqwjy`| mg

ae}a }gln`e`fâa% a|â l`b` mg e`| l`n|}an}g| yx`fxaba|

mg yxgvgnljün z l`n}x`e |anj}axj`. Ea| avg| |`n

aejbgn}ama| gn ha|g a l`nlgn}xam`| gnxjqwgljm`|%

yxgyaxam`| l`n jn|wb`| bgsleam`| gn yx`y`xlj`ng|

amglwama| z l`n e`| njvgeg| xgqwgxjm`| mg nw}xjgn}g|%

}`m` gee` yaxa |a}j|oalgx ea| ae}a| g{jfgnlja| nw}xj}jva|

yaxa avg|.

Gn ea l`bgxljaejsaljün% Kaxgb`| eegfax mg o`xba mjxgl}a

nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`| a lama wn` mg e`| |gl}`xg|

g|}ahegljm`| mge bgxlam`% ay`zánm`n`| gn wn |j|}gbaqwg whjlaxá nwg|}x`| mjogxgn}g| ywn}`| mg mj|}xjhwljün.

L`n}ab`| l`n ge }xan|y`x}g amglwam` qwg faxan}jsaxá

ea l`n|gxvaljün mg ea laejmam mg nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`|.

Nalgb`| yaxa \a}j|oalgx ea| nglg|jmamg| mge

bgxlam`% manm` a l`n`lgx e`| hgngojlj`| mg wn

yx`mwl}` 199' `xfánjl`% l`n|gxvanm` ae}`| g|}ánmaxg|

mg laejmam.



_ae`xg| Lgn}xaeg| Laejmam z faxan}âa3 G| nwg|}x` l`byx`bj|`

l`n|}an}g hxjnmax yx`mwl}`| |aewmaheg| z nw}xj}jv`|%

qwg lwbyean l`n ea| bá| g|}xjl}a| n`xba| mglaejmam z qwg a|gfwxgn ea bá{jba faxan}âa yaxa

nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|.

\gxvjlj` Üy}jb`3 A|gfwxab`| wn g{lgegn}g |gxvjlj`



87

ah`lam` a ea |a}j|oalljün mg e`| xgqwgxjbjgn}`| mg

nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|% gee` a }xavê| mg ea g{ygxjgnlja mg

wn gqwjy` ae}abgn}g laejojlam` mg lèah`xam`xg|.

G{lgegn}g Mj|}xjhwljün3 Faxan}jsab`| ea eegfama a

ea ywgx}a mg |w e`lae mg yx`mwl}`| mg laejmam bwz

hjgn l`n|gxvam`|% gn ge }jgby` `y}jb` l`n}anm`

yaxa gee` mge }xan|y`x}g amglwam`.

Mg|axxèe` gn ea| _gn}a|3 Ge lxglgx gn nwg|}xa|

vgn}a| z lejgn}g| mghg |gx wn yjeax ha|g4 bgmjheg mg

bangxa ygxjümjla.

Lxgljbjgn}` ojnanljgx`3 l`b` yax}g mg nwg|}xa

yeanjojlaljün ojnanljgxa ge l`n}xè mg nwg|}xa ejqwjmgs

z l`n}ahjejmam g| ownmabgn}ae% amgbá| mg wn yean

mg jnvgx|jün yaxa fgngxax `}x`| jnfxg|`| ojnanljgx`|.

Lgegxjmam gn e`| Mg|yalk`|3 nwg|}xa `xfanjsaljünmghg }gngx yx`lg|`| xáyjm`| z yxál}jl`|% oaljej}anm`

z afjejsanm` e`| mg|yalk`|% ea vgn}a z ge ljle`

fgngxae mg oal}wxaljün.

Yx`mwl}` \aewmaheg3 G| wn yx`mwl}` `xfánjl`% l`n

ae}` vae`x yx`}gjl`% gn ge lwae n` |g w}jejsan

k`xb`na| za qwg n`| yxg`lwyab`| y`x ge hjgng|}ax

mg nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|.

L`n}xè \anj}axj` Amglwam`3 Xgaejsab`| wn

xjfwx`|` l`n}xè gn ge lwjmam` mg nwg|}xa| avg|% za

qwg l`n}ab`| l`n ygx|`nae ae}abgn}g jn|}xwjm` z



8?

l`n g{ygxjgnlja.

Layalj}aljün z ]glnè`fâa3 L`n}ab`| l`n ae}a

}glnè`fâa mg jnlwham`xa mg kwgv`| ea lwae

ban}jgng wna }gbygxa}wxa gn}xg 17 z << fxam`|

lgn}âfxam`|% l`n wna hwgna vgn}jealjün z l`n

ygx|`nae jn|}xwjm` z layalj}am`.

Lwe}wxa Hj`"Abhjgn}ae3 ]`m`| e`| mg|ygxmjlj`| z/`

mg|kglk`| |`n yx`lg|am`| z ojnaebgn}g

gbhè|am`| yaxa w|ax l`b` ah`n` na}wxae

ban}gnjgnm` ea glè`fâa mge yeang}a z n` w|` mgqwâbjl`| qwg ywgman mañax e`| |wge`| mg nwg|}xa|

jn|}aealj`ng|.

Lxgljbjgn}` @xfanjsalj`nae3 Abyejax nwg|}x`

lgn}x` mg `ygxalj`ng| a ea| s`na| |wx +lkjnlka* z

n`x}g lkjl` +Kwaxae* yaxa ahaxlax ge bgxlam` mg

Ejba gn |w }`}aejmam% }gnjgnm` m`| yè`| mg vgn}a| zmj|}xjhwljün ahaxlanm` bá| njlk`| mg bgxlam` z

ywgma lxglgx nwg|}xa ògx}a. Mg|lgn}xaejsax.

L`byx`bj|` \`ljae3 ]xahac` z ay`z` |`ljae gn ea|

s`na| aegmaña| a nwg|}xa fxanca yaxa }gngx

yxg|gnlja gn ea s`na% amgbá| mg l`n}xjhwjx l`n ge

lwbyejbjgn}` mg aefwn`| yx`fxaba| bwnjljyaeg|%

hxjnmánmèg| ay`z`.

Oje`|òâa mg }xahac` \a}j|oalgx ea| nglg|jmamg| mge bgxlam`% manm` a

l`n`lgx e`| hgngojlj`| mg wn yx`mwl}` 199' `xfánjl`%

l`n|gxvanm` ae}`| g|}ánmaxg| mg laejmam.



86

;* L@N\]XWLLJÜN MG EA _J\JÜN.

Jmgè`fâa Lgn}xae+_ae`xg| Lgn}xaeg|*

Ow}wx` mg|gam`+Bg}a| Fxanmg|% ygewma| z Awmalg|*

Laejmam z faxan}âa3 G| nwg|}x`

l`byx`bj|` l`n|}an}g hxjnmax

yx`mwl}`| |aewmaheg| z nw}xj}jv`|%

qwg lwbyean l`n ea| bá|

g|}xjl}a| n`xba| mg laejmam z qwg

a|gfwxgn ea bá{jba faxan}âa yaxa

nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|.

\gxvjlj` Üy}jb`3 A|gfwxab`| wn

g{lgegn}g |gxvjlj` ah`lam` a ea

|a}j|oalljün mg e`| xgqwgxjbjgn}`|

mg nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|% gee` a }xavê|

mg ea g{ygxjgnlja mg wn gqwjy`

ae}abgn}g laejojlam` mg

lèah`xam`xg|.

G{lgegn}g Mj|}xjhwljün3

Faxan}jsab`| ea eegfama a ywgx}a

mg |w e`lae% yx`mwl}`| mg laejmam

bwz hjgn l`n|gxvam`|% gn ge

}jgby` `y}jb` l`n}anm` yaxa gee`

mge }xan|y`x}g amglwam`.

Mg|axxèe` gn ea| _gn}a|3 Ge

lxglgx gn nwg|}xa| vgn}a| z

\g |gegllj`naxá xjfwx`|abgn}g a }xavê|

mg nwg|}x` Mgyax}abgn}` mg E`fâ|}jla a

ea| bgc`xg| gbyxg|a| yx`vggm`xa| mg

jn|wb`| avâlèa| w}jejsam`| gn ea lxjansa

mg nwg|}xa| avg|% mg g{ygxjgnlja

l`byx`hama l`n ge ojn mg faxan}jsax ea

laejmam mg nwg|}x` yx`mwl}`.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg Xglwx|`| Kwban`|%|g gnlaxfaxá mg xglew}ax ygx|`nae

ae}abgn}g laejojlam` z qwg lwbyean l`n ge

ygxoje mg|gam`% l`n wn ae}` njvge mg

l`n`ljbjgn}`| z g{ygxjgnlja gn ea

jnmw|}xja avâlèa. A|â bj|b`% g|}a áxga

vgeaxá y`x ea l`n|}an}g layalj}aljün z

b`}jvaljün a nwg|}x` ygx|`nae l`n ge ojnmg a|gfwxax wn |gxvjlj` mg g{lgegnlja.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg _gn}a| }gnmxá l`b`

wna mg |w| yxjnljyaeg| ownlj`ng| ge l`n}xè

mge |gxvjlj` mg }xan|y`x}g% a|gfwxanm`

qwg nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`| ywgman eegfax

jnlew|` an}g| mge }jgby` g|ygxam` y`x ge

lejgn}g% a|â l`b` mg vgeax y`x ge amglwam`

}xan|y`x}g mg nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`|.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg _gn}a|% gn}xg `}xa|

ownlj`ng| mghg mg vgeax y`x jnlxgbgn}ax



8;

lejgn}g| mghg |gx wn yjeax ha|g4

bgmjheg mg bangxa ygxjümjla.

Lxgljbjgn}` ojnanljgx`3 l`b`

yax}g mg nwg|}xa yeanjojlaljün

ojnanljgxa ge l`n}xè mg nwg|}xa

ejqwjmgs z l`n}ahjejmam g|

ownmabgn}ae% amgbá| mg wn yeanmg jnvgx|jün yaxa fgngxax `}x`|

jnfxg|`| ojnanljgx`|.

Lgegxjmam gn ge Mg|yalk`3

nwg|}xa `xfanjsaljün mghg }gngxyx`lg|`| xáyjm`| z yxál}jl`|%

oaljej}anm` z afjejsanm` e`|

mg|yalk`|% ea vgn}a z ge ljle`

fgngxae mg oal}wxaljün.

Yx`mwl}` \aewmaheg3 G| wn

yx`mwl}` `xfánjl`% l`n ae}` vae`x

yx`}gjl`% gn ge lwae n` |g w}jejsan

k`xb`na| za qwg n`|

yxg`lwyab`| y`x ge hjgng|}ax mg

vgn}a| mg bangxa |`|}gnjheg. Ha|am` gn

g|}g mg|axxèe` gn vgn}a| y`mgb`| mjxjfjx

nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`| z |gxvjlj`| a bá|

njlk`| mg bgxlam`| l`b` vgn}a gn

|wygxbgxlam`| nalj`naeg| g

jn}gxnalj`naeg|.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg ojnansa| |g

gnlaxfaxá mg kalgx lxglgx ea| axla| mg

ejqwjmgs. L`n|gxvanm` wn gno`qwg a ea

jnvgx|jün l`b` `xfanjsaljün% y`mgb`|

a|yjxax ae lxgljbjgn}` gn nwg|}x`| al}jv`|%hjgng| bwgheg| g jnbwgheg|. E`fxanm` a

|w vgs baz`xg| vèóbgng| mg vgn}a% z

y`mgx aywn}ax a bgxlam`|

jn}gxnalj`naeg|.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg @ygxalj`ng| |g

gnlaxfaxá mg l`n}xèax z bgmjx yx`lg|`|

yaxa ge lwbyejbjgn}` mg g|}g vae`x.

Hxjnmax a nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| vae`x afxgfam`

a }xavê| mg wn |gxvjlj` vge`s gn |w|

mg|yalk`| ywmjgnm` lwbyejx l`n

g|}ánmaxg| jn}gxnalj`naeg| mg a}gnljün.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg Yx`mwlljün |g

gnlaxfaxá mge lwjmam` z mg ea

aejbgn}aljün mg ea| avg|% ea lwae

faxan}jsaxá wn yx`mwl}` |aewmaheg.



8:

nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|.

L`n}xè \anj}axj` Amglwam`3

Xgaejsab`| wn xjfwx`|` l`n}xè gn

ge lwjmam` mg nwg|}xa| avg|% za

qwg l`n}ab`| l`n ygx|`nae

ae}abgn}g jn|}xwjm` z l`n

g{ygxjgnlja.

Layalj}aljün z ]glnè`fâa3

L`n}ab`| l`n ae}a }glnè`fâa mg

jnlwham`xa mg kwgv`| ea lwaeban}jgng wna }gbygxa}wxa gn}xg

17 z << fxam`| lgn}âfxam`|% l`n

wna hwgna vgn}jealjün z l`n

ygx|`nae jn|}xwjm` z layalj}am`.

Lwe}wxa Hj`"Abhjgn}ae3 ]`m`|

e`| mg|ygxmjlj`| z/` mg|kglk`||`n yx`lg|am`| z ojnaebgn}g

gbhè|am`| yaxa w|ax l`b`

ah`n` na}wxae ban}gnjgnm` ea

glè`fâa mge yeang}a z n` w|` mg

qwâbjl`| qwg ywgman mañax e`|

|wge`| mg nwg|}xa| jn|}aealj`ng|.

Lxgljbjgn}` @xfanjsalj`nae3

Abyejax nwg|}x` lgn}x` mg

`ygxalj`ng| a ea| s`na| |wx

+lkjnlka* z n`x}g lkjl` +Kwaxae*

yaxa ahaxlax ge bgxlam` mg Ejba

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg Yx`mwlljün |g

gnlaxfaxá mg l`n}xèax ge lwjmam` qwg |g

eg mgn a ea| avg|% yaxa qwg nwg|}x`

yx`mwl}` |ga mg laejmam.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg Xglwx|`| Kwban`|

gn l``xmjnaljün l`n ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg

E`fâ|}jla% |g gnlaxfaxan% mg g|}ax a eavanfwaxmja l`n ea }glnè`fâa z l`n ea|

ygx|`na| layalj}ama| yaxa e`fxax wna

l`byg}gnlja |`|}gnjma gn ge bgxlam`.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg Yx`mwlljün |gxá

gnlaxfam` mg l`n}xèax% gbhaeax z

gbyaqwg}ax }`m`| e`| mg|ygxmjlj`| qwg

ywgmgn |gx l`nvgx}jm`| gn ah`n` na}wxae.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` mg Baxdg}jnf z

Mgyax}abgn}` mg _gn}a| g|}á gnlaxfam`

mg ea| jnvg|}jfalj`ng| g bgxlam`

y`}gnljae ow}wxa s`na mg ea| al}jvjmamg| mg

ea gbyxg|a.



<9

gn |w }`}aejmam% }gnjgnm` m`|

yè`| mg vgn}a| z mj|}xjhwljün

ahaxlanm` bá| njlk`| mg

bgxlam` z ywgma lxglgx nwg|}xa

ògx}a. Mg|lgn}xaejsax.

L`byx`bj|` \`ljae3 ]xahac` z

ay`z` |`ljae gn ea| s`na|

aegmaña| a nwg|}xa fxanca yaxa

}gngx yxg|gnlja gn ea s`na%

amgbá| mg l`n}xjhwjx l`n ge

lwbyejbjgn}` mg aefwn`|yx`fxaba| bwnjljyaeg|%

hxjnmánmèg| ay`z`.

Ge Mgyax}abgn}` xglwx|`| kwban`| |gxá

qwjgn n`| ay`zaxa gn e`| yx`zgl}`| mg

ay`z` |`ljae a ea s`na z mg ay`z` |`ljae

l`n ay`z` mg aefwn`| gbyegam`|.

Yx`yü|j}` lgn}xae+Bj|jün*

Mg|lxjyljün vjvjma+|wgñ`3 ea abhjljün mg ea `xfanjsaljün*

\`b`| wna gbyxg|a qwg hxjnma e`|

|gxvjlj`| mg lxjansa z

l`bgxljaejsaljün mg yèe`| vjv`|.Yaxa ea| oabjeja| mg e`| mj|}xj}`| mg

\an Cwan mg Ewxjfanlk`% E`| @ejv`|%

L`ba|% _jeea Ge \aevam`x% \an Cwan

mg Bjxaoe`xg|.

Hxjnmanm` |gxvjlj`| mg lxjansa

g|ygljaejsam` l`n}anm` l`n wn

laejojlam` |j|}gba mg lxjansa

l`bgxljae mg l`x}` ygxj`m` mg

lxgljbjgn}` mge avg xgqwjxjgnm` yaxa

gee` aejbgn}`| haeanlgam`| z amj}jv`|

nw}xjlj`naeg|% ban` mg `hxa

Eegfax a |gx wna `xfanjsaljün gbyxg|axjae

l`n wn mg|axxèe` mg lxgljbjgn}`

|`|}gnjm` bgmjheg z l`n}xèaheg. Ha|amagn yxjnljyj`| yx`yj`| l`b` Faxan}jsax

nwg|}xa laejmam mg yx`mwl}`|% mjxjfjxn`| a

hxjnmax |jgbyxg \gxvjlj` Üy}jb`% |jgbyxg

l`n wna lgegxjmam qwg n`| ygxbj}a

mj|}jnfwjx.

\jgnm` ge ojn yxjnljyae y`mgx eegfax a |gx

wna `xfanjsaljün l`n g|}ánmaxg| mg

laejmam jn}gxnalj`nae yaxa mg|axxèeaxn`|

bá| gn ea g{y`x}aljün mg nwg|}x`|

yx`mwl}`|% eegfanm` a }gngx ea layaljmam

mg a}gnmgx baz`xg| mgbanma|%



<1

ae}abgn}g laejojlama% jn|}aealj`ng| z

gqwjy`| mg ae}a }gln`e`fâa% a|â l`b`

mg e`| l`n|}an}g| yx`fxaba| mg

yxgvgnljün z l`n}x`e |anj}axj`. Ea|

avg| |`n aejbgn}ama| gn ha|g a

l`nlgn}xam`| gnxjqwgljm`|%

yxgyaxam`| l`n jn|wb`| bgsleam`|

gn yx`y`xlj`ng| amglwama| z l`n e`|

njvgeg| xgqwgxjm`| mg nw}xjgn}g|% }`m`

gee` yaxa |a}j|oalgx ea| ae}a|

g{jfgnlja| nw}xj}jva| yaxa avg|.

Gn ea l`bgxljaejsaljün% Kaxgb`|

eegfax mg o`xba mjxgl}a nwg|}x`|

yx`mwl}`| a lama wn` mg e`| |gl}`xg|

g|}ahegljm`| mge bgxlam`%

ay`zánm`n`| gn wn |j|}gba qwg

whjlaxá nwg|}x`| mjogxgn}g| ywn}`|

mg mj|}xjhwljün. L`n}ab`| l`n ge

}xan|y`x}g amglwam` qwg faxan}jsaxá

ea l`n|gxvaljün mg ea laejmam mg

nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`|.

Nalgb`| yaxa \a}j|oalgx ea|

nglg|jmamg| mge bgxlam`% manm` a

l`n`lgx e`| hgngojlj`| mg wn

yx`mwl}` 199' `xfánjl`%

l`n|gxvanm` ae}`| g|}ánmaxg| mg

laejmam.

K`xaxj` mg a}gnljün.

fgngxanm` y`}gnljaebgn}g bá| w}jejmamg|

z a |w vgs bá| `y`x}wnjmamg| eah`xaeg|.

Eegfanm` a |gx e`| eâmgxg| mg bgxlam`.



<8

Ewng| a _jgxng| mg3 =399ab a

8399yb

\áham`| z M`bjnf`| mg3 =399ab a

1399yb.

_j|jün3\gx ea gbyxg|a qwg w|g |è` e`| bgc`xg| jn|wb`| avâlèa| l`n ge ojn mg faxan}jsax

ea laejmam mg nwg|}x` yx`mwl}`. A|gfwxanm` wn g{lgegn}g |gxvjlj` ah`lam` a ea

|a}j|oalljün mg e`| xgqwgxjbjgn}`| mg nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|% l`n}anm` l`n ea

g{ygxjgnlja mg wn gqwjy` ae}abgn}g laejojlam` mg lèah`xam`xg|.

A|gfwxaxgb`| qwg nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`| ywgman eegfax jnlew|` an}g| mge }jgby`g|ygxam` y`x ge lejgn}g% a|â l`b` mg vgeax y`x ge amglwam` }xan|y`x}g mg nwg|}x`|

yx`mwl}`|. Faxan}jsanm` ea eegfama a ea ywgx}a mg |w e`lae yx`mwl}`| l`n ea

laejmam g|ygxama z bwz hjgn l`n|gxvam`|% gn ge }jgby` `y}jb` l`n}anm` yaxa

gee` mge }xan|y`x}g amglwam`.

Ge lxglgx gn nwg|}xa| vgn}a| z lejgn}g| mghg |gx wn yjeax ha|g4 bgmjheg mg bangxa

ygxjümjla. Jnlxgbgn}axgb`| vgn}a| mg bangxa |`|}gnjheg4 ha|am` gn g|}gmg|axxèe` gn vgn}a| y`mgb`| mjxjfjx nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`| z |gxvjlj`| a bá| njlk`|

mg bgxlam`| l`b` vgn}a gn |wygxbgxlam`| nalj`naeg| g jn}gxnalj`naeg|.

L`n|gxvanm` wn gno`qwg a ea jnvgx|jün l`b` `xfanjsaljün% y`mgb`| a|yjxax ae

lxgljbjgn}` gn nwg|}x`| al}jv`|% hjgng| bwgheg| g jnbwgheg|. E`fxanm` a |w vgs

baz`xg| vèóbgng| mg vgn}a% z y`mgx aywn}ax a bgxlam`| jn}gxnalj`naeg|.

Hxjnmaxgb`| a nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| vae`x afxgfam` a }xavê| mg wn |gxvjlj` vge`s gn

|w| mg|yalk`| ywmjgnm` lwbyejx l`n g|}ánmaxg| jn}gxnalj`naeg| mg a}gnljün.

\g mghgxá l`n}ax l`n ea }glnè`fâa amglwama z n` mgcaxgb`| mg anaejsax nwgva|

kgxxabjgn}a| qwg n`| ywgman yx`y`xlj`nax g|}ax a ea vanfwaxmja mge bgxlam`



<<

yaxa y`mgx lwbyejx ge |wgñ` `xfanjsalj`nae mg3 Eegfax a |gx wna `xfanjsaljün

gbyxg|axjae l`n mg|axxèe` mg lxgljbjgn}` |`|}gnjm`% bgmjheg z l`n}xèaheg.

Ha|ama gn yxjnljyj`| yx`yj`| l`b` Faxan}jsax nwg|}xa laejmam mg yx`mwl}`|%

mjxjfjxn`| a hxjnmax |jgbyxg \gxvjlj` Üy}jb`% |jgbyxg l`n wna lgegxjmam qwg n`|

ygxbj}a mj|}jnfwjx z hxjnmax vae`x afxgfam`. \jgnm` ge ojn yxjnljyae y`mgx eegfax a

|gx wna `xfanjsaljün l`n g|}ánmaxg| mg laejmam jn}gxnalj`nae yaxa mg|axxèeaxn`|

bá| gn ea g{y`x}aljün mg nwg|}x`| yx`mwl}`|% eegfanm` a }gngx ea layaljmam mg

a}gnmgx baz`xg| mgbanma|% fgngxanm` y`}gnljaebgn}g bá| w}jejmamg| z a |w vgs

bá| `y`x}wnjmamg| eah`xaeg|. Eegfanm` a |gx e`| eâmgxg| mg bgxlam`.

:* L@N\]XWLLJÜN MG E@\ @HCG]J_@\ MG GBYXG\A:.1* @hcg}jv`| |jbyeg|3

Bg}a3 Lxjansa mg Yèe`|

Mjxglljün3 G{lgegn}g Laejmam

Laxál}gx mgojnj}jv` Laxng mg yèe` +yx`mwl}`*

Ábhj}` " Yèe` 199' `xfánjl`.

" Yèe`| lxjam`| hac` wn |j|}gba laejojlam`.

" Aejbgn}aljün gnxjqwgljma.

" L`nmjlj`ng| mg l`n|gxvaljün.

" Lwbyejbjgn}` mg ae}a| g{jfgnlja| nw}xj}jva|.

" Yx`vggm`xg| l`n abyeja g{ygxjgnlja gn ge

bgxlam`.

@hcg}jv` Hxjnmax g{lgegn}g laejmam gn ea lxjansa mg yèe`|%

l`n}anm` l`n wn yx`mwl}` 199' `xfánjl`% gee` fxalja|

a wna lxjansa xgaejsama hac` wn |j|}gba laejojlam`% l`n

aejbgn}aljün gnxjqwgljma% l`nmjlj`ng| mg l`n|gxvaljün%

lwbyejgnm` l`n ae}a| g{jfgnlja| nw}xj}jva| z l`n



<=

yx`vggm`xg| l`n abyeja g{ygxjgnlja gn ge bgxlam`.



Laxál}gx mgojnj}jv` Yx`vggm`xg|

Ábhj}` " G{ygxjgnlja gn ge bgxlam`

" Yx`mwl}`| z |gxvjlj`| mg laejmam faxan}jsama.

" ]glnè`fâa mg ywn}a.

" Lwbyejbjgn}` l`n }jgby`| mg gn}xgfa@hcg}jv` Hxjnmax g{lgegn}g laejmam gn ea lxjansa mg yèe`|%

l`n}anm` yaxa gee` l`n yx`vggm`xg| l`n g{ygxjgnlja gn

ge bgxlam`% qwg hxjnmgn yx`mwl}`| z |gxvjlj`| mg

laejmam faxan}jsama% l`n }glnè`fâa mg ywn}a z

lwbyejbjgn}` l`n e`| }jgby`| mg gn}xgfa.



Laxál}gx mgojnj}jv` Jnfgnjgx`| S``}glnj|}a|

Ábhj}` " Yxòg|j`nae gfxg|am` mg Wnjvgx|jmam Afxaxja Ea

Bèjna

" G{ygxjgnlja l`byx`hama baz`x mg 8 añ`| gn ea

jnmw|}xja avâlèa. " M`bjnj` gn }gba| mg |anjmam avâlèa z

o`xbwealjün mg aejbgn}` haeanlgam`.

" Xgbwngxaljün \/8%799.99



<7

@hcg}jv` Hxjnmax g{lgegn}g laejmam gn ea lxjansa mg yèe`|%

l`n}anm` yaxa gee` l`n Jnfgnjgx`| S``}glnj|}a|

gfxg|am`| mg ea Wnjvgx|jmam Afxaxja Ea Bèjna% l`n

g{ygxjgnlja bânjba l`byx`hama mg 8 añ`| gn ea

jnmw|}xja avâlèa% l`n m`bjnj` gn }gba| mg |anjmam

avâlèa z o`xbwealjün mg aejbgn}` haeanlgam`% z l`n

wna xgbwngxaljün mg \/8%799.99

:.8* @hcg}jv` L`byegc`3



Laxál}gx mgojnj}jv` Laxng mg yèe` +yx`mwl}`* Yx`vggm`xg| Jnfgnjgx`| S``}glnj|}a|

Ábhj}` Laxng mg Yèe`3" Yèe` 199' `xfánjl`.

" Yèe`| lxjam`| hac` wn |j|}gba laejojlam`.

" Aejbgn}aljün gnxjqwgljma.

" L`nmjlj`ng| mg l`n|gxvaljün. " Lwbyejbjgn}` mg ae}a| g{jfgnlja| nw}xj}jva|.

Yx`vggm`xg| l`n abyeja g{ygxjgnlja gn ge

bgxlam`

Yx`vggm`xg|3" G{ygxjgnlja gn ge bgxlam`

" Yx`mwl}`| z |gxvjlj`| mg laejmam faxan}jsama.

" ]glnè`fâa mg ywn}a.Lwbyejbjgn}` l`n }jgby`| mg gn}xgfa

Jnfgnjgx` S``}glnj|}a3" Yxòg|j`nae gfxg|am` mg Wnjvgx|jmam Afxaxja Ea

Bèjna



<?

" G{ygxjgnlja l`byx`hama baz`x mg 8 añ`| gn ea

jnmw|}xja avâlèa.

" M`bjnj` gn }gba| mg |anjmam avâlèa z

o`xbwealjün mg aejbgn}` haeanlgam`.

Xgbwngxaljün \/8%799.99

@hcg}jv` L`byegc` Hxjnmax g{lgegn}g laejmam gn ea lxjansa mg yèe`|%

l`n}anm` l`n wn yx`mwl}` 199' `xfánjl`% gee` fxalja|

a wna lxjansa xgaejsama hac` wn |j|}gba laejojlam`% l`n

aejbgn}aljün gnxjqwgljma% l`nmjlj`ng| mg l`n|gxvaljün%

lwbyejgnm` l`n ae}a| g{jfgnlja| nw}xj}jva| z l`n

yx`vggm`xg| l`n abyeja g{ygxjgnlja gn ge bgxlam`.

Hxjnmax g{lgegn}g laejmam gn ea lxjansa mg yèe`|%

l`n}anm` yaxa gee` l`n yx`vggm`xg| l`n g{ygxjgnlja gn

ge bgxlam`% qwg hxjnmgn yx`mwl}`| z |gxvjlj`| mg

laejmam faxan}jsama% l`n }glnè`fâa mg ywn}a z

lwbyejbjgn}` l`n e`| }jgby`| mg gn}xgfa

Hxjnmax g{lgegn}g laejmam gn ea lxjansa mg yèe`|%

l`n}anm` yaxa gee` l`n Jnfgnjgx`| S``}glnj|}a|

gfxg|am`| mg ea Wnjvgx|jmam Afxaxja Ea Bèjna% l`n

g{ygxjgnlja bânjba l`byx`hama mg 8 añ`| gn ea

jnmw|}xja avâlèa% l`n m`bjnj` gn }gba| mg |anjmam

avâlèa z o`xbwealjün mg aejbgn}` haeanlgam`% z l`n

wna xgbwngxaljün mg \/8%799.99



<6

19* YEANGALJÜN N@XBA]J_A3 MG\AXX@EE@ MGY@EÂ]JLA\

_ae`xg| Lgn}xaeg| Yèâ}jla|

Laejmam z faxan}âa3 G| nwg|}x`

l`byx`bj|` l`n|}an}g hxjnmax

yx`mwl}`| |aewmaheg| z nw}xj}jv`|% qwg

lwbyean l`n ea| bá| g|}xjl}a| n`xba|

mg laejmam z qwg a|gfwxgn ea bá{jba

faxan}âa yaxa nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|

Ea l`byxa mg jn|wb`| w}jejsam`|

yaxa ea o`xbwealjün mg aejbgn}aljün

haeanlgama |gxá vaejmam y`x wna

yxwgha gn eah`xa}`xj`.

Ónjlabgn}g y`mxán jn}gxvgnjx gn ge

yx`lg|` mg lxjansa aqwgee`|

}xahacam`xg| qwg an}g| kazan

xgljhjm` gn}xgnabjgn}` há|jl` gn e`l`nlgxnjgn}g a xgqwgxjbjgn}`| mg

káhj}`| g kjfjgng ygx|`nae gn ge

}xahac`.

Mgn}x` mg ea| wnjmamg| yx`mwl}jva|

|g mghgn gbyegax x`ya| z laesam`|

mg |w w|` g{lew|jv`.

Mg|axxèe` gn ea| _gn}a|3 Ge lxglgx gn

nwg|}xa| vgn}a| z lejgn}g| mghg |gx wn

yjeax ha|g4 bgmjheg mg bangxa

ygxjümjla.

Aw}`gvaewaljün mge xg|we}am` mg

xgy`x}g mg vgn}a| bgn|waeg| z

oggmhald l`n|}an}g l`n nwg|}x`|

lejgn}g|.

]`m` ljgxxg mg bg| gn vgn}a| |g

mghg xgfj|}xax lejgn}g| nwgv`| `

mgb`|}xax wn }xahac` }anfjheg yaxa

`h}gngxe`|.

Yx`mwl}` \aewmaheg3 G| wn yx`mwl}`

`xfánjl`% l`n ae}` vae`x yx`}gjl`% gn ge

lwae n` |g w}jejsan k`xb`na| za qwg

n`| yxg`lwyab`| y`x ge hjgng|}ax mg

nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|.

Ge áxga mg yx`mwlljün |g gnlaxfaxá

mg l`n}xèax ea amglwama

aejbgn}aljün mg ea| avg| a }xavê| mg

|w| jnfgnjgx`| s``}glnj|}a|.

Ge áxga mg yx`mwlljün g|



<;

xg|y`n|aheg mg qwg n` |g w}jejlgn

k`xb`na| yaxa e` lwae |g xgaejsaxán

l`n}xèg| qwg faxan}jlgn qwg ge

yx`mwl}` |ga `xfánjl`.

L`n}xè \anj}axj` Amglwam`3

Xgaejsab`| wn xjfwx`|` l`n}xè gn ge

lwjmam` mg nwg|}xa| avg|% za qwg

l`n}ab`| l`n ygx|`nae ae}abgn}g

jn|}xwjm` z l`n g{ygxjgnlja.

Ge áxga mg yx`mwlljün |g gnlaxfaxá

mg qwg e`| faey`ng| mghan

ban}gngx|g |jgbyxg gn ea| bgc`xg|

l`nmjlj`ng| z gvj}ax e`| oal}`xg| qwg

yx`yjljgn ea| gnogxbgmamg|.

Ea mg|jnoglljün% aj|eabjgn}` z

|angabjgn}` |gxán xjfwx`|`|

l`n}xèg| e`| lwaeg| |gxán mgxg|y`n|ahjejmam mge áxga mg

yx`mwlljün.

Ea valwnaljün z bgmjlaljün

g|}axán a laxf` mg e`| vg}gxjnaxj`| z

mg e`| s``}glnj|}a| e`| lwaeg|

lwbyejxán l`n wn xjfwx`|` yx`fxaba

mg l`n}xè mg|axxèeam` y`x ge áxgamg yx`mwlljün.

Layalj}aljün z ]glnè`fâa3 L`n}ab`|

l`n ae}a }glnè`fâa mg jnlwham`xa mg

kwgv`| ea lwae ban}jgng wna

}gbygxa}wxa gn}xg 17 z << fxam`|

lgn}âfxam`|% l`n wna hwgna vgn}jealjün

z l`n ygx|`nae jn|}xwjm` z layalj}am`.

Ge áxga mg XXKK |gxá ea gnlaxfama

mg qwg ge ygx|`nae |g gnlwgn}xg

al}waejsam` bgmjan}g

layalj}alj`ng| ygxjümjla|.

Ge áxga mg yx`mwlljün |gxá ea

gnlaxfama mg gvaewax e`| labhj`|

gn e`| gqwjy`| yaxa g|}ax a ea

vanfwaxmja l`n ea }glnè`fâa.

Lwe}wxa Hj`"Abhjgn}ae3 ]`m`| e`|

mg|ygxmjlj`| z/` mg|kglk`| |`n

yx`lg|am`| z ojnaebgn}g gbhè|am`|

Ge áxga mg yx`mwlljün mghg

a|gfwxax|g qwg g|}`| yx`lg|`|

|gan }xa}am`| l`n e`| bgc`xg|



<:

yaxa w|ax l`b` ah`n` na}wxae

ban}gnjgnm` ea glè`fâa mge yeang}a z

n` w|` mg qwâbjl`| qwg ywgman mañax

e`| |wge`| mg nwg|}xa| jn|}aealj`ng|.

yx`mwl}`| hj` “ mgfxamaheg|.

Ge áxga mg l`byxa| |gxá ea

gnlaxfama mg hw|lax e`| yx`mwl}`|

qwg |gxán w}jejsam`| yaxa g|}g ojn.

Ge áxga mg ojnansa| |gxá ge

gnlaxfam` mg yx`y`xlj`nax ea

mj|y`njhjejmam mg xglwx|`|

ojnanljax`| yaxa |w l`byxa.

Lxgljbjgn}` @xfanjsalj`nae3 Abyejax

nwg|}x` lgn}x` mg `ygxalj`ng| a ea|

s`na| |wx +lkjnlka* z n`x}g lkjl`

+Kwaxae* yaxa ahaxlax ge bgxlam` mgEjba gn |w }`}aejmam% }gnjgnm` m`|

yè`| mg vgn}a| z mj|}xjhwljün

ahaxlanm` bgxlam` z ywgma lxglgx

nwg|}xa mgbanma z |w g{yan|jün mge

bgxlam`.

Ea fgxgnlja fgngxae ayx`haxa ea

l`byxa mg }gxxgn`| z/`

yx`yjgmamg|.

Ge áxga mg l`byxa| gvaewaxa e`|

yxglj`|% z l`|}`| gn ge bgxlam` mg

ea| yx`yjgmamg| a amqwjxjx.

Ge áxga mg egfae |g gnlaxfaxa mg ea

m`lwbgn}aljün nglg|axja yaxa

gnl`n}xax|g gn hwgna| l`nmjlj`ng|

mg l`byxa z ea |w|lxjyljün gn e`|

xgfj|}x`| yóhejl`|. Ge áxga mg ojnansa| yx`vggxá mg ea

mj|y`njhjejmam mg e`| xglwx|`|

ojnanljgx`| nglg|axj`| yaxa ge

}xábj}g z |w l`byxa.

L`byx`bj|` \`ljae3 ]xahac` z ay`z`

|`ljae gn ea| s`na| aegmaña| a nwg|}xa

fxanca yaxa }gngx yxg|gnlja gn ea s`na%

amgbá| mg l`n}xjhwjx l`n ge

lwbyejbjgn}` mg aefwn`| yx`fxaba|

bwnjljyaeg|% hxjnmánmèg| ay`z`

Ge áxga mg xglwx|`| kwban`|

l``xmjnaxa l`n e`| lèah`xam`xg|

qwg mg|ggn yax}jljyax gn e`|

yx`fxaba| mg ay`z`.



=9

11* G\]XA]GFJA\

11.1* G|}xa}gfja| L`byg}j}jva| Há|jla|

11.1.1* Gn}xama mg Gbyxg|a| Nwgva|3

J."* Gl`n`bâa mg g|laea3

Yx`vj|j`naxgb`| e`| xglwx|`| yaxa Jbyegbgn}ax z gqwjyax l`n nwgva|jnlwham`xa| z |j|}gba| l`n bá| layaljmam mg yx`mwlljün z xgnmjbjgn}` mg e`|

nwgv`|% g|}anm` a ea vanfwaxmja mg ea }gln`e`fâa z yx`mwlljün yaxa ban}gngx

nwg|}x`| yxglj`| l`byg}j}jv`| gn ge bgxlam` z ban}gngx |}`ld yaxa lwaeqwjgx

l`n}jnfgnlja mg nwg|}x`| l`byg}jm`xg|.

JJ."* Mjogxgnljaljün mg yx`mwl}`3

Jbyegbgn}axgb`| 98 |j|}gba| mg laejmam z a}gnljün a nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|%mgn`bjnam` L.A.X. +lgn}x` mg a}gnljün mg xgleab`|*% gn ge lwae |g xgy`x}axa }`ma

jnljmgnlja qwg |g }wvjgxa l`n ea gn}xgfa mg nwg|}x` yx`mwl}` l`nmjlj`ng| z/`

mgb`xa| z ge L.A.A. +lgn}x` mg a}gnljün ae lejgn}g*%qwg |g algy}axa `yjnjün%

bgc`xa| z/` l`bgn}axj`| }an}` lejgn}g jn}gxn` l`b` g{}gxn` +l`eah`xam`xg|* l`n

g|}` }xa}axgb`| mg ban}gngx wna laejmam z a}gnljün a nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|.



=1

JJJ."* Nglg|jmam mg layj}ae3

Ae |gx nwg|}x` yx`mwl}` ae l`n}am` banêcan`| ejqwjmgs mjaxjabgn}g y`x e` a

nwg|}x`| yx`vggm`xg| n` eg |èjlj}ab`| lxêmj}`% ge lwae n`| ygxbj}g yxglj`|

l`byg}j}jv`| mg nwg|}x̀ |% a|â bj|b` y`mgb`| bangcax }a|a| yxgogxgnljaeg| l`n

ge |j|}gba ojnanljgx` yaxa ea ow}wxa l`byxa| mg nwgva| z/` yxg|}ab`| mg layj}ae

mg }xahac` ̀ ojnanljabjgn}` mg ea| jby`x}alj̀ ng| mg ea| jnlwham`xa|.

J_."* L`|}`| vjnlweam`| a e`| labhj`|3

Jnlxgbgn}ax z ban}gngx wna lax}gxa mg yx`vggm`xg| l`n e` lwae y`mgb`|

bjnjbjsax xjg|f`| mg n` l`n}ax l`n nwg|}x`| jn|wb`| nglg|axj`| +aejbgn}`|%

bgmjljna|% }xan|y`x}g*.

_."* Allg|` a e`| lanaeg| mg Mj|}xjhwljün3

Jnlxgbgn}ax ea| vgn}a| lgxxanm` ea| bj|ba| aefwna| |jbyeg| vglg| vâa }gegoünjla

z vgxjojlax ea| `ygxalj`ng| mg yaf` vâa jn}gxng} +`n ejng*% yaxa e` lwae l`n mjlk`

bgmj` y`mab`| a}gnmgx e`| ygmjm`| a ea hxgvgmam mg nwg|}xa áxga mg yx`mwlljün

z mj|}xjhwljün |g a}gnmgxá ea| gn}xgfa| wxfgn}g| xgaejsama| hac` g|}a bj|ba vâa

mg alwgxm` ae ygmjm` z lejgn}g.

_J."* Mg|vgn}aca| mg e`| l`|}`| jnmgygnmjgn}gbgn}g mge }abañ` mg ea gbyxg|a3

@h}gngx yxg|gnlja gn ge bgxlam` a }xavê| mg nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| qwg n`| l`byxan

gn vèwbgn z ygxjümjlabgn}g |g eg `}`xfaxa mg|lwgn}`| z h`njojlalj`ng| yaxa

ban}gngxe`| l`b` lejgn}g| yxgogxgnljaeg|.

_JJ."* Yèâ}jla| mg f`hjgxn`3

\g ayx`vglkaxa }`ma labyaña mge f`hjgxn` y`x ge l`n|wb` mg ea lax}a mg yèe`

}an}` gn bgxlam`| z s`na| gbgxfgn}g| mg Ejba% yaxa e` lwae mghgb`| g|}ax

lèah`xanm` l`n e`| yx`fxaba| |`ljaeg| z abhjgn}aeg| gn ge yaâ| yaxa }gngx

yxg|gnlja.



=8

11.1.8* Ea Abgnasa mg Yx`mwl}`| \w|}j}w}`|3

J."* Bgc`xax e`| Yxglj`|3

@oxglgxgb`| wna vaxjgmam mg yxglj`| |gfón ge }jy` mg yx`mwl}` z |gxvjlj`| qwg

g|}g jnlewza% mg g|}a o`xba ge l`n|wbjm`x }gnmxá bá| mg wna `yljün mg |geglljün%

gn lwan}` a yxglj` |g xgojgxg% an}g| mg hw|lax wn yx`mwl}` qwg n`| |w|}j}wza.

Amjlj`naebgn}g% wna mg nwg|}xa| eânga| mg yx`mwl}` }gnmxá l`b` wn` mg |w|

yxjnljyaeg| laxal}gxâ|}jla| wn yxglj` l`byg}j}jv` gn ge bgxlam`.

JJ."* \alxjojlan ea Laejmam3

Lea|jojlaxgb`| nwg|}xa| eânga| mg l`bgxljaejsaljün gn ha|g a ea| h`nmamg| mg

lama yx`mwl}`% mg g|}a o`xba }abhjên }gnmxgb`| wna eânga bá| gl`nübjla lwz`|

xgqwgxjbjgn}`| n` |gan }an ae}`| l`b` ea| `}xa| eânga| ygx` |j |ga mg l`n|wb`ba|jv`.

JJJ."* \alxjojlan aefwna| Laxal}gxâ|}jla|3

Ae |gx wn yx`mwl}` `xfánjl`% n` g| y`|jheg |alxjojlax aefwna| mg |w| laxal}gxâ|}jla|

za qwg nglg|axjabgn}g mghg lwbyejx l`n e`| g|}ánmaxg| bânjb`| xgqwgxjm`|. \jn

gbhaxf`% |j y`mgb`| hxjnmax mjogxgn}g| `ylj`ng| mg l`byxa a nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|3

yx`mwl}` ywg|}` gn fxanca% gn lgn}x` mg al`yj`% ` gn |w bj|b` e`lae. \j ge lejgn}g

lwgn}a l`n |w yx`yj` }xan|y`x}g yxgogxjxá ea l`byxa ywg|}a gn fxanca a wn bgn`x

yxglj`.

11.1.<* Ge Y`mgx Ngf`ljam`x mg e`| L`byxam`xg|3

J.* L`byxan gn fxanmg| lan}jmamg|3

G|}wmj` mg bgxlam` mg e`| lejgn}g| y`}gnljaeg|% a ojn mg jmgn}jojlax qwg }an

layalg| |gxgb`| mg yx`vggx ea| lan}jmamg| xgqwgxjma|% mg alwgxm` a gee` ej|}ax e`|

xglwx|`| a nglg|j}ax% ea o`xba mg amqwjxjxe`|% z yeang| mg l`n}jnfgnlja| +mg

xgqwgxjxe`|*.



=<

G|}aheglgx }ahea mg yxglj`| z mg|lwgn}`| qwg vaxâgn |gfón ge vèwbgn mg l`byxa%

}`m` gee` yxgvjabgn}g g|}wmjam` y`x ge mgyax}abgn}` mg vgn}a|.

JJ."* ]jgngn wn g|ygljae jn}gxê| gn ak`xxax3

Hxjnmaxgb`| vaxjgmam mg yxglj`| |gfón ge yx`mwl}`% ge |gxvjlj`% z ge vèwbgn. A|â

bj|b` l`n}axgb`| l`n wna eânga mg yx`mwl}` |ga bwlk` bá| gl`nübjl` qwg

`}xa|% }ae g| ge la|` mge yèe` yxg|a ywg|}` gn fxanca.

Mg|lwgn}`| y`x fxanmg| vèóbgng|% y`x |gfbgn}`|% y`x labyaña|% g}l.

JJJ."* L`byxan yx`mwl}`| g|}ánmax ` hjgng| mg l`n|wb`3

L`n|jmgxanm` qwg |g }xa}a mg wn yx`mwl}` mg l`n|wb` ba|jv` z l`b` }ae ywgmg|gx gnl`n}xam` oáljebgn}g gn `}x` yx`vggm`x% hxjnmaxgb`| vae`x afxgfam` a

nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| a }xavê| mg |gxvjlj`| z yx`b`lj`ng|. Y`x gcgbye` yaxa ge la|`

l`byxa| gn ae}`| vèóbgng|% |g maxá l`b` yx`b`ljün ge }xan|y`x}g4 ` mg|lwgn}`|

y`x }jy` mg lejgn}g.

J_."* E`| l`|}`| mgxjvam`| mge labhj` |`n g|la|`|3

Mgb`|}xaxgb`| a nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| qwg labhjax mg yx`vggm`x ywgmg qwg n`

jnlwxxa gn fxanmg| l`|}`|% ygx` |j gn ea ygxmjma mg wn |gxvjlj` mg laejmam. Y`x gee`%

n`| gnlaxfaxgb`| mg ojmgejsaxe`| a }xavê| mg g|}xa}gfja| l`b`3 ban}gnjênmè`

jno`xbam` mg ea vaxjaljün mg yxglj`| z ògx}a|% l`nojxbanm` ea |a}j|oalljün mge

|gxvjlj` xgljhjm`% g}l.

_."* \w| w}jejmamg| |`n haca|3

]gnmxgb`| |gfbgn}am`| nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| |gfón layaljmam mg l`byxa z

laxal}gxâ|}jla| g|ygljojla| a ojn mg òxglgx yx`mwl}`| z |gxvjlj`| qwg bá| |g

amay}gn a |w ygxoje. N` y`xqwg n` |gan l`n|jmgxam`| l`b` l`byxam`xg| xjl`|%

|jfnjojlaxá qwg mg|lwjmgb`| g|a lax}gxa za qwg gn l`ncwn}` xgyxg|gn}an ge fxwy`

bá| fxanmg mg lejgn}g.



==

_J."* Yx`mwlgn ge yx`mwl}` gee`| bj|b`3

Nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| |`n ngf`ljan}g| mg e`| bgxlam`| baz`xj|}a|% n`| g| |w xwhx` ea

lxjansa mg yèe`| za qwg jnlwxxjxâa gn wna owgx}g jnvgx|jün y`x gnmg n` ayejlaxâa

aefwna g|}xa}gfja.

_JJ."* G|}án bwz jn}gxg|am`| gn ea laejmam mge yx`mwl}` qwg g|}án l`byxanm`3

Nwg|}xa lax}a mg yxg|gn}aljün jnlewjxá ea| mjogxgn}g| lgx}jojlalj`ng| mg laejmam mg

lama wn` mg nwg|}x`| yx`lg|`|% z n`| gnlaxfaxgb`| mg ywhejlj}axe` l`b` wna mg

wna| o`x}aegsa|.

L`n}axgb`| l`n eah`xa}`xj`| mg yxwgha mg laejmam.

_JJJ."* ]jgngn jno`xbaljün l`byeg}a3

N` |üe` mjownmjxgb`| nwg|}x`| yxglj`| |jn` }abhjên ea| h`nmamg| mge yx`mwl}` z

|gxvjlj`% mgb`|}xanm` a nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| qwg |`b`| ea bgc`x `yljün mg l`byxa

kaljênmèg l`n`lgx ea g{ygxjgnlja qwg }gngb`| gn ea jnmw|}xja avâlèa. Yaxa gee`

l`n}axgb`| l`n ygx|`nae ae}abgn}g layalj}am` z l`n g{ygxjgnlja gn ea jnmw|}xja

avâlèa% e` qwg eg| ygxbj}jxá ejmgxax ea ngf`ljaljün l`n nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|.

11.1.=* Ge Y`mgx Ngf`ljam`x mg e`| Yx`vggm`xg|3

J."* G|}án m`bjnam`| y`x wna| y`la| l`byañâa|3

N` ayejla% ywg| gn ge bgxlam` e`lae mg yx`vggm`xg| mg |gxvjlj` mg }xan|y`x}g|

g{j|}g wna abyeja @OGX]A.

JJ."* Ge l`byxam`x n` }jgng bwlk` bá| mg m`nmg gegfjx3

N` ayejla. G{j|}g wn bgxlam` abyej` z gn lxgljbjgn}` m`nmg |wxfgn bá|

yx`vggm`xg| qwg l`byj}gn axmwabgn}g y`x }gngx wn njlk` gn ge xwhx` mg lxjansa

mg avg|.



=7

JJJ."* Ge yx`vggm`x n` mgygnmg mge l`byxam`x y`xqwg ê|}g xgyxg|gn}g wna oxalljün

jby`x}an}g gn |w| vgn}a|3

G|}xa}gfja. Kalgx yax}âljyg ae yx`vggm`x mg nwg|}xa lxgljgn}g ygng}xaljün gn ge

bgxlam` a|`ljánmè`| l`n nwg|}x` y`|jlj`nabjgn}` yaxa qwg nwg|}xa `xfanjsaljün

n` |è` |ga oal}`x mg mgygnmgnlja |jn` wna bwz hwgna ae}gxna}jva mg y`xqwê

mghgxâa }xahacax l`n n`|`}x`|.

J_."* E`| Yx`mwl}`| qwg vgnmg ge Yx`vggm`x |`n jby`x}an}g| yaxa ea gbyxg|a mge

l`byxam`x3

G|}xa}gfja. Mgojnj}jvabgn}g ea xgealjün mg jby`x}anlja mghg |gx l`n|jmgxama yaxa

abh`|% nwg|}xa gbyxg|a n` mghg kalgx n`}ax g|}a baxlama jby`x}anlja ywg|

mghgb`| ban}gngxn`| bwz a ea vanfwaxmja mg n` }gngx wn Yx`mwl}` @y}jb`mghjm` a e`| yx`mwl}`| mg e`| Yx`vggm`xg| |jn` qwg |g mghg% }abhjên% a nwg|}x`

yx`yj` bêxj}`% yx`lg|`|% l`n}xèg| z fg|}j`ng|.

_."* E`| Yx`mwl}`| mge yx`vggm`x gn ljgx}a o`xba |`n ónjl`|% xg|we}axâa bwz lax` `

l`byejlam` `h}gngx wn Yx`mwl}` \w|}j}w}`3

N` ayejla. Ywg| gn ge xwhx` avâlèa g{j|}gn mjvgx|`| }jy`| mg nw}xjgn}g| yaxa ea

aejbgn}aljün% mg|mg |gnljeeabgn}g baâs z aejbgn}`| na}wxaeg| ka|}a

l`byegbgn}`| vj}abânjl`|% gn ge |gxvjlj` mg }xan|y`x}g mg jfwae bangxa% za |g

g|ygljojl` }abhjên.

_J."* Yean}gan wna |gxja abgnasa mg ―jn}gfxax|g kalja amgean}g‒3

G|}xa}gfja. Yean}ganm` wna leaxa mgogn|a mg g|}a abgnasa xgaejsaxgb`| wn

}xahac` ygxbangn}g mg bgxlam`}glnja yaxa |`nmgax }abhjên g|}g }jy` mg

abgnasa| amgbá| mg fg|}j`nax wn oggmhald l`n nwg|}x`| yx`yj`| lejgn}g| z

lejgn}g| y`}gnljaeg|4 ojnaebgn}g jmgn}jojlama g|}a abgnasa gn ge bgxlam` |g

yx`lgmgxán l`n ea| g|}xa}gfja| an}g gbyxg|a| nwgva| mg|axxèeama| eânga| axxjha.



=?

11.1.7* Ge Y`mgx Ngf`ljam`x mg e`| L`byg}jm`xg|3

J."* Kaz vaxja| gbyxg|a| qwg l`byj}gn% a ea| gbyxg|a| qwg l`byj}gn |`n

xgea}jvabgn}g jfwaeg| gn lwan}` a }abañ` z xglwx|`|3

Gn ge la|` mg nwg|}xa gbyxg|a l`bgxljaejsam`xa mg yèe`| vjv`| n` g|}á gn

nwg|}x`| yeang| xgaejsax wna g|}xa}gfja mg xgl`x}g mg yxglj`| mg o`xba afxg|jva za

qwg ge baxfgn mg fananlja y`x avg g| mg bânjba lan}jmam z mghjm` a n` |gx wna

mg ea| gbyxg|a| eâmgxg| mge bgxlam`% n` }gngb`| ea oalwe}am mg jby`ngx wn

yxglj`.

JJ."* Ge |gl}`x jnmw|}xjae g|}á lxgljgnm` egn}abgn}g3

G|}xa}gfja. \j hjgn g| ljgx}` qwg e`| lgn}x`| mg al`yj` g| ge }gxbübg}x` mg yxglj`

mge yèe`% nwg|}xa g|}xa}gfja |gxâa mg hacax ejfgxabgn}g ge yxglj` y`x Df. Mg yèe`yaxa y`mgx qwj}ax ngf`lj` a nwg|}x`| l`byg}jm`xg|% |jgbyxg l`n ge bangc` mg

vèwbgn.

JJJ.* Gbyxg|a| }jgngn l`|}`| gegvam`|3

Yaxa l`n}xamgljx mjlk`| l`|}`| z yxgvj` anáej|j| mge bgxlam` nwg|}xa g|}xa}gfja

|gxâa mg awbgn}ax ge vèwbgn mg lxjansa yaxa }gngx wna baz`x yx`mwlljün yaxa

a|â y`mgx lwhxjx nwg|}x`| l`|}`| ojc`|.

J_."* L`|}`| mg aebalgnabjgn}` gegvam`|3

Gn ge la|` mg nwg|}xa gbyxg|a n` }gngb`| l`|}`| gegvam`| mg aebalgnabjgn}`

za qwg vgnmgb`| e`| yèe`| vjv`| z n` xgqwgxjb`| mg |gxvjlj` mg }gxlgx`| gn ge

la|` qwg nglg|j}gb`| xgaejsax ge gnoxjabjgn}` mge g{lgmgn}g mg e`| yèe`| n`

vgnmjm`|.

_."* Báxfgng| mg }jgby` mgn}x` mg e`| lwaeg| mghgn vgnmgx ge yx`mwl}`3

\j owgxa ge la|` mg qwg }gnfab`| wn g{lgmgn}g gn e`| yèe`| n` vgnmjm`|

xgaejsaxâab`| wna g|}xa}gfja mg hacax ge yxglj` mg e`| yèe`|% yaxa l`n}xaxxg|}ax e`|

l`|}`| qwg y`mxâab`| a|wbjx y`x aejbgn}ax mjlk` yèe`|% gn ea lwae n`| bgxba mg

ea| fananlja| mghjm` a lan}jmam mg aejbgn}` qwg l`n|wbgn mjaxjabgn}g.



=6

_J."* Ge yx`mwl}` ` |gxvjlj` |g l`n|jmgxa l`b` wn hjgn mg l`n|wb` |`hxg ge qwg ge

l`byxam`x }jgng vaxja| `ylj`ng| z ge labhj` ge qwg mghg aox`n}ax ge l`byxam`x

y`x labhjax mg baxla ` yx`vggm`x g| ygqwgñ`3

Gn ge la|` nwg|}x` mg vgnmgx ge yèe` vjv` y`mxâab`| }gngx wna g|}xa}gfja mg

`}`xfax a nwg|}x`| l`byxam`xg| wn lxêmj}` mjaxj` mg wn ygqwgñ` y`xlgn}acg mg e`

qwg |g eg vgnmg yaxa qwg mg g|}g b`m` g|}g `hejfam` a l`byxaxn`| mjaxjabgn}g%

|wygxvj|anm` qwg l`n ge lxêmj}` qwg eg mab`| n` eg l`byxg a `}x`| vgnmgm`xg| gn

ge bj|b` lgn}x` mg al`yj`.

_JJ."* Ea layaljmam mghg awbgn}ax gn fxanmg| lan}jmamg|3

Gn mjlk` bgxlam` ae awbgn}ax ea layaljmam gn fxanmg| lan}jmamg| n`| ywgmgmgcax yêxmjma| mghjm` a qwg }gnfab`| qwg ògx}ax nwg|}x`| g{lgmgn}g|.

_JJJ."* E`| l`byg}jm`xg| }jgngn mj|}jn}a| g|}xa}gfja|% `xâfgng|% ygx|`naejmamg| z

vaxja| l`|a| bá|3

N` |g kaxâa wna g|}xa}gfja mghjm` a qwg gn ge ngf`lj` mg l`bgxljaejsaljün mg

yèe`| ea| gbyxg|a| nwgva| |g axxjg|fan bá| mghjm` a qwg mjlka| gbyxg|a| n`

vgnmgn }an}a| lan}jmamg| l`b` ea| fxanmg| gbyxg|a|% e` lwae ywgmg xgygxlw}jx gn

fxanmg| yêxmjma|.

J[."* Kaz bwlk` gn cwgf`3

A }xavê| mg wn g|}wmj` mg bgxlam`% geah`xax wna g|}xa}gfja yaxa abyejax nwg|}x`|

ywn}`| mg vgn}a gn wn ygxâ`m` n` baz`x a < añ`|% gn vâa| mg e`fxax wn

lxgljbjgn}` |`|}gnjheg gn ge }jgby`% manm` a l`n`lgx ge hgngojlj` mg nwg|}x`

yx`mwl}`.

[."* Ea| haxxgxa| mg |aejma| |`n ae}a|3

Gn g|}g la|` }gnmxâab`| qwg ngf`ljax l`n nwg|}x`| yx`vggm`xg| ge yafaxeg| ae

lxêmj}` za |g bgmjan}g eg}xa| mg labhj` mj|bjnwzgnm` wn y`xlgn}acg mg yaf`

bgn|wae z ngf`ljanm` ea bgn`x }a|a| mg jn}gxê| y`|jheg% mg e` l`n}xaxj`



=;

ojnanljaxn`| a }xavê| mg ea| gn}jmamg| hanlaxja| z eegfax a wn alwgxm` l`n

nwg|}x`| lèah`xam`xg|.

11.8* G|}xa}gfja| L`byg}j}jva| Fgnêxjla|3

A ]@M@ L@\]@ Y@X MJOGXGNLJALJÜN

A }`m`| e`|L`n|wbjm`xg|

Mjvj|jün ,13―Y@EE@ _J_@ YXG\A‒

"Yg|`3 Yèe`| mg 8.: Df. Mgyg|` gn yx`bgmj`."Laejmam3 Laxng mg yèe`g|}ánmax."Lejgn}g vjgng z xgl`fg |w

bgxlamgxâa.

Yxglj`3 \/. <.:; { 1Df.

Mjvj|jün ,83―Y@EE@ _J_@ AL]J_JMAM‒

"Yg|`3 Yèe`| mg <.87 Df. Mgyg|` gn yx`bgmj`."Laejmam3 Laxng mg yèe`g|}ánmax."Yg|` mg e`| yèe`| vaxjaheg a

|èjlj}wm mge lejgn}g. +Al}jvjmamyax}jlweax% Yèeama|% g}l.*"Lejgn}g vjgng z xgl`fg |wbgxlamgxâa.

Yxglj`3 \/. =.87 { 1Df.

G\YGLJAEJSALJÜNA bj \gfbgn}`

mg Bgxlam`Mjvj|jün ,<3

―Y@EE@ _J_@ YXG\A

YWG\]@ GN \J]J@‒

"Yg|`3 Yèe`| mg 8.: Df. Mgyg|` gn yx`bgmj`."Laejmam3 Laxng mg yèe`g|}ánmax."Bgxlamgxâa ywg|}a gn gee`lae mge lejgn}g.

Yxglj`3 \/. =.? { 1Df.

Mjvj|jün ,=3―Y@EE@ _J_@ HXA\A /

YAXXJEEA‒

"Yg|`3 Yèe`| mg 8.== Df. Mgyg|` gn yx`bgmj`."Laejmam3 Laxng mg yèe` }jgxn`%g{}xa |wavg."Bgxlamgxâa ywg|}a gn ge e`laemge lejgn}g.

Yxglj`3 \/. 7.99 { 1Df.



=:

11.<* G|}xa}gfja| ea ba}xjs mg AN\@OO3

@hcg}jv` Yx`mwl}` G{j|}gn}g Yx`mwl}` Nwgv`

Bgxlam`G{j|}gn}g

Mg|axxèeanm` mg|lwgn}`|y`x vèwbgn l`byxa| mgnwg|}x`| lejgn}g|% mg }aebangxa qwg n`| ygxbj}a |wojmgejmam l`n nwg|}xagbyxg|a.

Yx`b`lj`nax ea gn}xgfa gne`| e`laeg| mg nwg|}x`|lejgn}g| lwanm` ea l`byxa|ga baz`x mg 799 df.

Xgaejsaxâab`| wn g|}wmj` mgbgxlam` yaxa xgaejsax eamjvgx|jojlaljün mg nwg|}x`yx`mwl}` a }xavê| mg ea vgn}amg kwgv`|.

Yx`b`lj`nax nwg|}x` yx`mwl}`manm` a l`n`lgx ge yx`lg|``xfánjl` z |w vae`x nw}xj}jv`.

Bgxlam` Nwgv` Mg|axxèeax ywhejljmam y`xxamj` gn e`| bgxlam`|m`nmg |g vgnmg nwg|}x`yx`mwl}`.

G{yanmjx nwg|}x`|yx`mwl}`| gn e`| bgxlam`|qwg n` }gngb`| yxg|gnljal`b` Ea Bèjna% \wxl`%Cg|ó| Baxâa z YwgheÈjhxg.

]gxlgxjsaljün mg yèe`|hgngojljam`| yaxa |wl`nfgeabjgn}` gn e`| la|`| mg|`hxgyx`mwlljün `}gby`xama| mg vgn}a| haca| +\gbana \an}a *



79

11.=* G|}xa}gfja| mg ea ba}xjs mg O@MA3

@HCG]J_@G{lgegn}g laejmam gn lxjansamg yèe`|% xgaejsama hac` wn|j|}gba laejojlam`% l`n

aejbgn}aljün gnxjqwgljma%l`nmjlj`ng| mg l`n|gxvaljün%lwbyejgnm` l`n ae}a|g{jfgnlja| nw}xj}jva|% l`nyx`vggm`xg| l`n g{ygxjgnljagn ge bgxlam`% qwg hxjnmgnyx`mwl}`| z |gxvjlj`| mglaejmam faxan}jsama% l`n}glnè`fâa mg ywn}a zlwbyejbjgn}` l`n e`| }jgby`|mg gn}xgfa. L`n jnfgnjgx`|S``}glnj|}a| mg ea Wnjvgx|jmamAfxaxja Ea Bèjna% l`ng{ygxjgnlja bânjbal`byx`hama mg 8 añ`| gn eajnmw|}xja avâlèa% l`n m`bjnj`gn }gba| mg |anjmam zo`xbwealjün mg aejbgn}`haeanlgam`% z l`n wnaxgbwngxaljün mg \/8%799.99

OWGXSA\ “ O1. _axjgmam gn nwg|}x`|yx`mwl}`|.8. Whjlaljün +oâ|jla*

g|}xa}êfjla.<. Jn|wb`| mg laejmamfaxan}jsama.=. Yx`lg|`| amglwam`|.7. Ygx|`nae l`n abyejag{ygxjgnlja gn jnmw|}xjaavâlèa.?. Gqwjy`| mg óe}jba}glnè`fâa.6. Jnvgx|j`nj|}a| l`nlayaljmam ojnanljgxa.

MGHJEJMAMG\ " M1. Y`l` y`|jlj`nabjgn}` mgbgxlam`% ae |gx wna avâlèanwgva.

8. L`byg}jm`xg| l`n abyejag{ygxjgnlja gn ge bgxlam`.<. Ae}`| l`|}`| mg jnvgx|jün+ywhejljmam% jnoxag|}xwl}wxa* y`x|gx wna gbyxg|a nwgva.

@Y@X]WNJMAMG\ “ @1. Yx`mwl}` l`n|wbjm` aebgn`| wna vgs y`x |gbana gne`| k`faxg| mg Ejba.8. Ea| oabjeja| mg Ejba% |`hxg}`m` ea| s`na| gbgxfgn}g| zea| bá| y`heama| yxgojgxgnl`n|wbjx yèe` oxg|l` zyxgojgxgn jx a e`| bgxlam`|mj|}xj}aeg|% n` a fxanmg||wygxbgxlam`|.<. Ay`z` mg jn|}j}wlj`ng|g|}a}aeg| yaxa o`bgn}ax eayx`}glljün mg ea| avg| mggnogxbgmamg|.=. Ay`z` gn layalj}aljün|`hxg |aewm avâlèa y`x yax}gmg \GNA\A.7. Oálje allg|` aeojnanljabjgn}` y`x yax}g mg e`|

Hanl`|.

G\]XA]GFJA\ " O@1. Ayx`vglkaxgb`| ge ae}`l`n|wb` mge }jy` mg yx`mwl}`yaxa hxjnmax wna vaxjgmam mgyx`mwl}`| mg allg|` a e`|mjogxgn}g| |gfbgn}`|. +O1% O8%@1% @8*.8. W}jejsaxgb`| ea jno`xbaljünhxjnmama y`x jn|}j}wlj`ng|yóhejla| z yxjvama|% l`n ge ojnmg a|gfwxaxn`| qwg nwg|}x`|jn|wb`| z yx`lg|`| |gan e`|jmüng`|. +O<% O=% @8% @<*<. A|gfwxaxgb`| ea| l`n|}an}glayalj}aljün mg nwg|}x`ygx|`nae al`xmg a e`| bá|ae}`| xgqwgxjbjgn}`| mg eajnmw|}xja +O7% @=*

G\]XA]GFJA M"@1. Ayx`vglkaxgb`| ea ae}amgbanma mge yx`mwl}` yaxay`|jlj`naxn`| gn ge bgxlam` a}xavê| mg ywhejljmam zyx`b`lj`ng| +M1% @1% @8*.8. Hw|laxgb`| z ojmgejsaxgb`|nwgv`| bgxlam`|. +M8% @1%@8*<. Mg|axxèeaxgb`| g|}xa}gfja|ojnanljgxa| yaxa ea l`xxgl}aambjnj|}xaljün% oewc` gjnlxgbgn}` mg nwg|}x` layj}ae.+M<% @7*

ABGNASA\ “ A1. Yx`b`ljün mge G|}am` zxg`xjgn}aljün mg ea yg|qwgxâakalja ge l`n|wb` mjxgl}`.8. Jngqwjmam a njvge bgxlam`jn}gxn` l`n xgealjün a

G\]XA]GFJA\ O"A1. A}alaxgb`| ea abgnasa mgg{j|}gnlja mg yx`mwl}`||w|}j}w}`|% hw|lanm` |jgbyxgea vaxjgmam mg yx`mwl}`| zyxglj`| ae}abgn}g

G\]XA]GFJA M"A1. Yxg|gn}axgb`| vaxjgmam gnyx`mwl}`|% |gxvjlj`| mglaejmam% l`n yxglj`| ae}abgn}gl`byg}j}jv`| e` qwg n`|ygxbj}jxá kalgx oxgn}g a ea



71

yx`mwl}`| l`b` yg|lam` zbgng|}xa|.<. Ea oae}a mg |gfwxjmam gn ealjwmam jnlxgbgn}a ge ânmjlg mgx`h`|.=. Jnlgx}jmwbhxg |`hxg e`|gogl}`| ngfa}jv`| mge w|` mgbaâs }xan|fênjl`.

l`byg}j}jv`|. +O1% A1% A8*8. G|}wmj` |`lj`lwe}wxae mg eas`na m`nmg n`| whjlaxgb`| zg|}ahegljbjgn}` mg bgmjma| mg|gfwxjmam. +O8% A<*<. Fxalja| a ea g{ygxjgnlja mgnwg|}x` ygx|`nae% xgaejsaxgb`|jnvg|}jfaljün l`n|}an}g mgyx`lg|`| üy}jb`| qwg jnlewzanjn|wb`| mg laejmam. +O7% O?%A=*

l`byg}gnlja z y`|jlj`naxn`|xáyjmabgn}g gn ge bgxlam`.+M1% A1% A8*8. A|gfwxaxgb`| nwg|}xaowgx}g jnvgx|jün a }xavê| mgyeang| z y`eâ}jla| mg |gfwxjmam+M<% A<*



78

11.=* G|}xa}gfja| mg ea ba}xjs YGZGA3

OWGXSA OJNANLJGXA LAEJO.

L`n}ab`| l`n wna eânga mg yxê|}ab` mg layj}ae mg }xahac` y`x gejby`x}g mg \/.199b gn ge HH_A yaxa ea l`byxa mg ba}gxja yxjba `

hjgng| mg layj}ae                              .. ?

N`| gnl`n}xab`| hjgn laejojlam`| gn ge |j|}gba ojnanljgx`% fxalja| ae

xa}j` mg ejqwjmgs                              .. 7

Nwg|}xa mj|y`njhjejmam mg gogl}jv` n`| ygxbj}g lwbyejx l`n nwg|}xa|

`hejfalj`ng| a l`x}` yeas`                          ?

Yx`bgmj` 7.7

OWGXSA MG EA JNMW\]XJA LAEJO.

Ea |j}waljün al}wae mge yaâ| ygxbj}g abyejax e`| bgxlam`| z bgc`xax ea

}glnè`fâa                                   =

Fxalja| ae ay`z` mge f`hjgxn` y`x ea yx`b`ljün mge l`n|wb` mge

yèe` a ea hxa|a% ge |gl}`x avâlèa |g gnlwgn}xa gn lxgljbjgn}`    . <

Nwg|}x`| l`byg}jm`xg| lwgn}an l`n wna mj|}xjhwljün a njvge nalj`nae

z e`lae                                     8

Yx`bgmj` <

G\]AHJEJMAM MGE ABHJGN]G LAEJO.

Ea aygx}wxa mg nwgv`| xg|}awxan}g| z baee fgngxa baz`x l`n|wb`|

mg laxng mg yèe`                              . "8

G{j|}g mgbanma y`x nwgv`| yx`mwl}`| a ha|g mg yèe`          "8

Ea |j}waljün gl`nübjla mge yaâ| ka bgc`xam`% y`x e` qwg e`|

l`n|wbjm`xg| g{jfgn wna bgc`x laejmam z yxglj`| l`byg}j}jv`|     "=

Yx`bgmj` "8.?6

_GN]ACA L@BYG]J]J_A LAEJO.

L`n}ab`| l`n wn gqwjy` }êlnjl` ae}abgn}g layalj}am`        . "1

Yx`mwl}` ̀ xfánjl` l`n vae`x nw}xjlj`nae l`n yxglj`| l`byg}j}jv`|  .

"1

L`n}ab`| l`n l`n}xa}`| a eaxf` yeas` l`n nwg|}x`| yx`vggm`xg|    "8

Yx`bgmj` "1.<<<<<<<<



7<

G\]XA]GFJA LWAMXAN]G AFXG\J_@

\`b`| wna gbyxg|a nwgva gn ge bgxlam`% y`x e` }an}` aywn}ab`| a wna

g|}xa}gfja mg Ygng}xaljün mg bgxlam` ahaxlanm` bgxlam`| baz`xj|}a| yaxa

mg|axxèeax wna fg|}jün mg vèwbgn mg vgn}a% hw|lanm` mg g|}a bangxa ahaxa}ax

l`|}`|% mg|axxèeanm` wna e`fâ|}jla g|}xa}êfjla. Nwg|}xa g|}xa}gfja afxg|jva |g

fg|}j`naxá ayx`vglkanm` }`ma ea jno`xbaljün y`|j}jva mg}aeeama gn e`| lwamx`|

an}gxj`xg| mg g|}a ba}xjs% ayx`vglkanm` g|a| `y`x}wnjmamg| mg|axxèeaxgb`|

Ywhejljmam yaxa xgo`xsax nwg|}x` y`|jlj`nabjgn}` mge bgxlam`.



7=

11.7* G|}xa}gfja| mg ea ba}xjs HLF3



77

G\]XA]GFJA LWAMXAN]GG\]XGEEA

Fg|}j`nab`| wn Yx`mwl}` mg hwgnalaejmam a wn yxglj` ae}abgn}g

l`byg}j}jv`% ywg| gn g|}a mjvj|jün ,1 gelejgn}g vjgng z xgl`fg |w bgxlamgxâal`byxama% e` lwae g{`ngxa ae yx`mwl}` gel`|}` mge oeg}g z x`byg ge g|qwgbag|}ánmax mg yxglj`| hxjnmánm`n`| hwgnag{ygl}a}jva mg vgn}a. N` Jnvgx}jxgb`| gnyx`b`lj`ng|% ygx` |j |g mg|axxèeaxábgc`xa| gn ownljün a e`| xgqwgxjbjgn}`|mg nwg|}x`| lejgn}g|.

G\]XA]GFJA LWAMXAN]GJN]GXX@FAN]G

Ea mjvj|jün ,8 bangca wna g|}xa}gfjamjogxgn}g mg oeg{jhjejmam mg yx`mwl}` a

ygmjm` mge lejgn}g% g| mgljx |g egvgnmg yèe`| mge yg|` qwg ge lejgn}gg|l`ca% mghjm` a qwg |`ng{lew|jvabgn}g yaxa al}jvjmamg|%gn}`nlg| nwg|}x`| lejgn}g| amqwjxjxánwna eânga mg yx`mwl}` ygx|`naejsam` a|w| xgqwgxjbjgn}`|. \g jnvgx}jxá gnyx`b`lj`nax g|}a nwgva eânga mgYx`mwl}`.

G\]XA]GFJA LWAMXAN]G _ALA\

Gn g|}g lwamxan}g fg|}j`nab`| ge bj|b`Yx`mwl}` mg ea mjvj|jün ,1 kaljgnm` wnavaxjan}g gn ge \gxvjlj`. Aqwâ vgnmgb`| eabgxlamgxâa ―ywg|}` gn |j}j` mg al`yj` gne`| bgxlam`|‒ ` }abhjên eeabam` ―ywg|}`gn e`lae mge lejgn}g‒% g| gn m`nmg gevèwbgn mg oewc` mg bgxlamgxâa n`|ygxbj}g bangcax bgn`xg| l`|}`| gn e`|oeg}g| z y`mgx mg|axxèeax wna g|}xa}gfjamg yxglj`% bjgn}xa| qwg lwanm` ge lejgn}gbj|b` xgl`fg |w bgxlamgxâa g| bá|haxa}` ygx` mghgxá gnl`n}xax wna hwgna`y`x}wnjmam mg l`|}` mg oeg}g yaxa|wygxaxn`| ` gn |w mgogl}` mghgxánl`byxaxn`| y`x ae}`| vèóbgng| yaxa}abhjên ahaxa}ax |w| l`|}`|.

\g Xg|ae}a a g|}g lwamxan}g g| nwg|}x`yxjnljyae lanae mg mg|yalk`| mgbgxlamgxâa z lwaeqwjgx `}x` ―lümjf` mgba}gxjae‒ }abhjên |aeg y`x g|}g bgmj`l`n |w xg|ygl}jv` laxf` mg oeg}g a l`|}`.

G\]XA]GFJA LWAMXAN]GYGXX@\

\jgnm` g|}a mjvj|jün ,= ea bá|g|ygljaejsama% |g òxglg ea bá| ae}alaejmam mg yèe` g|ygljae yaxa hxa|a zyaxxjeea|% y`x gee` ge yxglj` bá| ae}` z}abhjên g| ―ywg|}` gn e`lae mgelejgn}g‒% |j fg|}j`nab`| gn ha|g a eajno`xbaljün mg ea Yxg|gn}g Ba}xjsHLF gn}`nlg| }gnmxâab`| qwgmghgb`| mgcax mg kalgx aefón jn}gn}`y`x |aevax g|}a mjvj|jün% |jn gbhaxf`gn ownljün a nwg|}xa bgxlam`}glnjajmgn}jojlaxgb`| l`b` |a}j|oalgx bgc`xg|}g njlk` mg bgxlam` z qwg vaxjan}ggn ge |gxvjlj` z eânga mg yx`mwl}`mghgxgb`| mg|axxèeax.



7?

18* EJ\]AM@ MG ]@MA\ EA\ G\]XA]GFJA\ +Ba}xjlg|*

BA]XJS AN\@OO

` Yx`mwl}` g{j|}gn}g / Bgxlam` G{j|}gn}g.

`

Yx`mwl}` Nwgv` / Bgxlam` G{j|}gn}g.` Yx`mwl}` G{j|}gn}g / Bgxlam` Nwgv`.

` Yx`mwl}` Nwgv` / Bgxlam` Nwgv`.

BA]XJS O@MA

` O`x}aegsa| / @y`x}wnjmamg|

` Mghjejmamg| / @y`x}wnjmamg|

` O`x}aegsa| / Abgnasa|

` Mghjejmamg| / Abgnasa|

BA]XJS YGZGA

` G|}xa}gfja lwamxan}g Afxg|jv`

BA]XJS HLF

` G|}xa}gfja| yaxa ge lwamxan}g mg ea| G|}xgeea|.

` G|}xa}gfja| yaxa ge lwamxan}g mg ea| jn}gxx`fan}g|.` G|}xa}gfja| yaxa ge lwamxan}g mg ea| vala|.

` G|}xa}gfja| yaxa ge lwamxan}g mg e`| ygxx`|.

1<* Yx`ywg|}a mg 7 g|}xa}gfja| mg ea ej|}a.

BA]XJS AN\@OO` Yx`mwl}` g{j|}gn}g / Bgxlam` G{j|}gn}g." y`x |gx wn yx`mwl}` mg añ`| mg

g{j|}gnlja z mg yxjbgxa nglg|jmam.



76

BA]XJS O@MA

` O`x}aegsa| / @y`x}wnjmamg|." mghgb`| o`x}aeglgx nwg|}xa| o`x}aegsa|

ayx`vglkanm` }`ma `y`x}wnjmam qwg |g `h|gxvg gn ge bgxlam` za

g{j|}gn}g.

BA]XJS YGZGA

` G|}xa}gfja lwamxan}g Afxg|jv`." mghgb`| jn}x`mwljxn`| gn ge bgxlam`

mg bangxa afxg|jva yaxa o`x}aeglgx nwg|}x` y`|jlj`nabjgn}` qwg

mg|gab`| bangcax gn ge bgxlam`.

BA]XJS HLF

` G|}xa}gfja| yaxa ge lwamxan}g mg ea| G|}xgeea|." ae |gx nwg|}x` yx`mwl}`mg g|}g lwamxan}g ae}abgn}g l`n|wbjm`% mghgb`| y`mgx kalgx gojljgn}g

nwg|}x` lxgljbjgn}` gn ea| vgn}a|.

BA]XJS HLF

` G|}xa}gfja| yaxa ge lwamxan}g mg ea| vala|." g|}a mjvj|jün mg Yx`mwl}`

|jgnm` wn kâhxjm` gn}xg eânga mg yx`mwl}` z mg |gxvjlj` y`}gnljaxgb`|

g|}g bglanj|b` mg vgn}a yaxa fg|}j`nax% vâa g|}g lanae mg mg|yalk`%nwg|}x` baz`x v`ewbgn mg vgn}a|.



7;

1=* @XFANJFXABA



7:

17* MJAFXABA MG OEWC@



?9

1?* AXH@E MG MGLJ\J@NG\

Bgxlamgxâa

qwg mg|gal`byxax

Yaf` mg laca

Mj|}xjhwljün mg

bgxlamgxâa

Lejgn}g|

G|ygljaeg|

Lejgn}g|

Y`}gnljaeg|

Ewfax al`xmam`

Gn}xgfa mgBgxlamgxâa

ojnae

Gn}xgfa

mg eabgxlamgx

âa

Yaf`

Mgyü|j}`

Ogxja| `

al}jvjmamg|

g|ygljaeg|

Yaf` Mgyü|j}`



?1

16* JNMJLG

Yáf.Jn}x`mwlljün                                   . 8

<. Mgojnjljün                                   . <

=. Oal}`xg| G{}gxn`|.           ..                   .. ?

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http://gestion.pe/noticia/802197/peru-tercer-pais-mayor-consumo-pollo-latinoamerica

http://www.planeamientoadministrativo.blogspot.com/

http://www.planeamientoygestion.com.pe/consultoria/images/stories/herramientas/documentos/maz_amarillo_duro.pdf


http://www.scotiabank.com.pe/i_financiera/pdf/sectorial/20090907_sec_es_avicola.pdf

http://intercentres.cult.gva.es/intercentres/03000710/guia_incubacion.pdf

http://www.avicolainca.com/

http://www.agrovetmarket.com/ShowContentUI.aspx?.language=1&.content=2

http://www.rlc.fao.org/es/agricultura/bpa/normtec/Aves/2.pdf

http://html.rincondelvago.com/entorno-de-la-empresa.html

http://www.san-fernando.com.pe/

http://www.ricopollo.com.pe/

http://www.santaelena.com.pe/

http://www.avinka.com/

http://www.renasaperu.com/

http://www.produce.gob.pe/



http://www.renasaperu.com/

http://www.avinka.com/

http://www.santaelena.com.pe/

http://www.ricopollo.com.pe/

http://www.san-fernando.com.pe/

http://html.rincondelvago.com/entorno-de-la-empresa.html

http://www.rlc.fao.org/es/agricultura/bpa/normtec/Aves/2.pdf

http://www.agrovetmarket.com/ShowContentUI.aspx?.language=1&.content=2

http://www.avicolainca.com/

http://intercentres.cult.gva.es/intercentres/03000710/guia_incubacion.pdf

http://www.scotiabank.com.pe/i_financiera/pdf/sectorial/20090907_sec_es_avicola.pdf



http://www.planeamientoadministrativo.blogspot.com/

http://gestion.pe/noticia/802197/peru-tercer-pais-mayor-consumo-pollo-latinoamerica

Trabajo de Planeamiento Administrativo - Proyecto Avicola San Andres S.A

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