tesis tomate bajo invernadero

7/21/2019 tesis tomate bajo invernadero

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UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA MECNICA ELCTRICA

MAESTRA EN INGENIERA ENERGTICA

DISEO DE UN SISTEMA DE CONTROL DE

PROCESOS PARA UN INVERNADERO

MODALIDAD: TESIS

QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO

EN INGENIERA ENERGTICA

PRESENTA:

LEYVA RETURETA JOS GUSTAVO

ASESOR

DR. ERVIN JESS LVAREZ SNCHEZ

XALAPA EQUEZ. VER. AGOSTO !"#$

1


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UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA MECNICA ELCTRICA

MAESTRA EN INGENIERA ENERGTICA

DISEO DE UN SISTEMA DE CONTROL DE

PROCESOS PARA UN INVERNADERO

MODALIDAD: TESIS

QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO

EN INGENIERA ENERGTICA

PRESENTA:

LEYVA RETURETA JOS GUSTAVO

ASESOR

DR. ERVIN JESS LVAREZ SNCHEZ

XALAPA EQUEZ. VER. AGOSTO !"#$

Oficio de aprobaci

2


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3


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Es mi deseo, como sencillo gesto de agradecimiento, dedicar esta

humilde obra de Trabajo de Grado, a mis queridos padres y hermana,

quienes en todo momento me han apoyado con espritu alentador,

con su amor y todo su cario, contribuyendo incondicionalmente

a que haya logrado alcanzar las metas y objetivos propuestos.

4


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A!RADECIMIENTOS

E% &'()* +,% -*,,/(, ,('+0) &1*&+,2, 3'4 -*)5'/+&3,/(, & ()+) %)

)*1&/03) 4 -,*)/& /&('*&%, 6', 7020,*)/ -)08%, %& *,&%09&20/ +,% 303) ,/(*,

%) 6', , +,8,/ 3,/20)/&*:

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2&30/).

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*,&%09&20/ +, ,(, -*)4,2() 6', ,/3&*2& '/ ,2&%/ 3


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"NDICE

RESUMEN........................................................................................................#"

I# INTRODUCCI$N.......................................................................................#!II# MARCO TE$RICO....................................................................................#

%#& A'ecede'e(...............................................................................................#

%#& Paora)a i'eracioa*....................................................................#

%#% Paora)a acioa*............................................................................#

%#+ Paora)a e('a'a*...............................................................................!$

%#% I,eradero..................................................................................................!$

%#%#& Ve'a-a( . de(,e'a-a( de* c/*'i,o e i,eradero(.....................!

%#%#% A/'o)a'i0aci de i,eradero(.....................................................!

%#+ Tipo( de I,eradero(...............................................................................!

%#+#& Por (/ /(o . 'e)pera'/ra(...............................................................$"

2.3.1.1 Invernadero para climas tropicales..............................................$"

%#+#% Por (/ e('r/c'/ra...............................................................................$#

2.3.2.1 Invernadero tnel o semicilndrico#.............................................$!

%#+#+ C*a(ificaci de *o( i,eradero( por *o( i,e*e( de a/'o)a'i0aci.

......................................................................................................................$ 2.3.3.1 Invernadero de baja tecnologa....................................................$

2.3.3.2 Invernadero de media tecnologa.................................................$

%#+#+#+ I,eradero de a*'a 'eco*o12a#....................................................$

%#3 Si('e)a( de Co'ro*....................................................................................$

%#3#& Teor2a de co'ro* )odera . c*4(ica...............................................$

%#3#% Tipo( de co'ro*adore(#....................................................................$

%#3#+ O5Off#.................................................................................................$

%#3#3 Proporcioa*#......................................................................................$

%#3#6 PID#................................................................................................."

%#6 Microc*i)a#...................................................................................................#

%#7 PLC#...............................................................................................................!

6


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%#8 Se(ore(#.....................................................................................................!

%#8#& Se(or de 'e)pera'/ra#.....................................................................$

%#8#% Se(or de 9/)edad#.........................................................................$

%#8#+ Se(or de */0#....................................................................................$

%#: Co'ro* de* c*i)a e i,eradero(#...........................................................$

%#:#& La 'e)pera'/ra#..................................................................................

%#:#% La */)io(idad#.................................................................................

%#:#+ La 9/)edad#.......................................................................................

%#:#3 ;/)edad de (/e*o#............................................................................

%#:#6 La ,e'i*aci#....................................................................................

O METODOLO!"A......................................................................................+#& E'apa ?Di(e@o?#..........................................................................................

+#& Ubicaci#...........................................................................................

3.1.1.1 Mtodo de seleccin de rea de estudio #....................................

3.1.1.2 Anlisis de la ona#........................................................................

3.1.1.3 !bicacin geogr"ica.....................................................................#

+#% Di(e@o de *a E('r/c'/ra.....................................................................!

3.1.2.1 #ipo#.................................................................................................! 3.1.2.2 $imensiones#..................................................................................$

3.1.2.3 Materiales........................................................................................$

3.1.2.% $ise&o en computadora................................................................

IV# RESULTADOS DISCUSI$N.............................................................."

V# CONCLUSIONES RECOMENDACIONES.....................................#


8/66

"NDICE DE BI!URAS

F01. # S'-,*5020, +, I/=,*/&+,*) ,/ M@02).....................................................!"

F01. ! I3-)*(&20/ ,(03&+& +, 0/5*&,(*'2('*& +, 0/=,*/&+,*) ,/ M@02)....!#

F01. $ R,-*,,/(&20/ 1*


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"NDICE DE TA& 4 +,=,/(&>& +, %) +05,*,/(, (0-) +, 0/=,*/&+,*).............$!

T&8%& $. P*)/('&*0) +, 0/5)*3&20/ 1,)1*


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RESUMEN

S, +0,? '/ 0(,3& +, 2)/(*)% +, -*)2,) &%03,/(&+) -)* ,/,*1& *,/)=&8%, -&*&

'/ 0/=,*/&+,*) ,/ +)/+, , 2)/0+,* %& (,3-,*&('*& 7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& 4 7'3,+&+

+,% ',%) &+,3


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A


12/66

INTRODUCCI$N

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-)+,* &(,/+,* & ()+) %) 5&2()*, *,%&20)/&+) 2)/ ' +,&**)%%) +, 5)*3& 3'/() 2)/ %& (@2/02& +, 70+*)-)/& M'*&%&/+& !""$K &+,3& 2)/

*,%&20/ &% 2'%(0=) )8*, ',%) & %& 0/(,3-,*0, (&% 4 2)3) &,1'*& '/ 1*'-) +,

0/=,(01&+)*, +, %& U/0=,*0+&+ +, A%3,*&.

E/(*, %& /,2,0+&+, 6', , -*,(,/+,/ 2'8*0* 2)/ ,% -*,,/(, -*)4,2() ,(< ,%

') 0**&20)/&% +, 0/,2(020+& 7,*8020+& 4 5'/1020+& %) 2'&%, ,1/ P%&18)% !""K

-',+,/ )2&0)/&* ,*0) +&?) 2)/(*& %& &%'+ 4 ,% 3,+0) &380,/(, ,/=,/,/&/+) & %)

,*, 7'3&/) 4 2)/(&30/&/+) ,% ,/()*/) ,/ ,% 6', =0=03). E/ ,% &/ ,/=&, +, -%&1'020+& & 5',/(, +, &1'& ) &% (,**,/).

P)* )(*) %&+) ,/ ,% &?) !"## %& D0=00/ A1*)-,2'&*0& +,% E(&+) +, V,*&2*'9

,?&% 6', ,/ ,%


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-*)+'2() +, %& ,2)/)3& =,*&2*'9&/& ,/ -&*(02'%&* +, %) 80,/, -*03&*0) &1*2)%&.

E, 5', ,% 2&) +,% 3&9 4 ,% 5*0>)% ,% &92&* 0/2%') %) +, +0=,*& 5*'(& 4 %,1'38*,

%) -*,20) +, %) -*)+'2() &%03,/(020) , *,+'>,*)/ $. ,/ -*)3,+0) -)* &?).

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4 (,2/0502&20/ +,% 2'%(0=) -)* %) 6', ,% ,2()* +, -*)+'220/ ,/ 0/=,*/&+,*) ,() 2)3) -&*(, ,%,3,/(&% +, '/& &*6'0(,2('*& +, 2)/(*)%

>,*


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L& &)20&20)/, ,/ %) P&, B&>) )/ %& 8&, +, ' +,&**)%%) 4 1*&20& &

,%%) 7&/ %)1*&+) 2)/(*'0* '/ %0+) -*,(010) & /0=,% 0/(,*/&20)/&%. C)/ ,-)*(&20)/, &

3) 2)%,2(0=) +027) 5&8*02&/(, +, 0/=,*/&+,*)

*,-)*(&/ 6', '/ $" +, ' 0/1*,) -*)=0,/,/ +, %& ,-)*(&20)/, 4 -)* ,%%) +,+02&/

'/& 8',/& -&*(, +, ' 0/=,(01&20)/, & %& 86',+& +, /',=& (,2/)%)1& 6', ,

-',+&/ &-%02&* ,/ )(*) -&, (&%, 2)3) C70/& T'*6'& E10-() E-&?& 4 M@02)

,/(*, )(*).

D0,?) 7)%&/+,,

H&8%&/+) +, +0,?) 7)%&/+,, %) 3


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D, &2',*+) 2)/ %) 5&8*02&/(, 7)%&/+,, ,% ') +, 3&(,*0&%, 3


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2)/ 0/=,*/&+,*) +, -%) 0/=,*/&+,*) 0/ ,38&*1) , 7& &80+) &-*)=,27&*

%& (,2/)%)1& +, -'/(& 1,/,*&+& -)* -&, 2)3) E(&+) U/0+) E-&?& %)

P&, B&>) F*&/20& C&/&+< , I*&,% ,/(*, )(*) 4 &2('&%3,/(, )/ =&*0) %)

,(&+) +)/+, , -*&2(02& ,(, 0(,3& +, 2'%(0=) F01'*& #.#K 6', 2&+& =,9 , 3


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Bi1# & S/perficie de I,eradero( e MFGico

B/e'e !/a'e(H %7#

D'*&/(, %) %(03) &?) %& (,/+,/20& ,/ %& -*)+'220/ +, 2'%(0=) +,

0/=,*/&+,*) ,/ M@02) 7& -*,,/(&+) 0/2*,3,/() 2)/0+,*&8%,: ,('+0) 2)/'%(&+)

,(03&/ 6', ,/ >'%0) # ,% -& 2)/(&8& 2)/ !# 7,2(


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Bi1# % I)por'aci e('i)ada de ifrae('r/c'/ra de i,eradero( e MFGico

B/e'e !a/'e(H %7#

E/ '/ -,*0)+) *,%&(0=&3,/(, 2)*() %) 0(,3& +, -*)+'220/ 8&>) 0/=,*/&+,*)

,/ M@02) , 7&/ ,-&/+0+) ,/ # ,/(0+&+, &'/6', ,% +, %& '-,*5020, ,

2)/2,/(*& ,/ ,0: S0/&%)& J&%02) B&>& C&%05)*/0& S'* B&>& C&%05)*/0& S)/)*& 4

E(&+) +, M@02) G'&/(, !""K. D,% 303) 3)+) ,% &'()* 2)3,/(& 6', ,0(,2)/2,/(*&20/ ,/ %& 7)*(&%09& -*)+'20+& 8&>) 0/=,*/&+,*) ,/ M@02): ()3&(, $K

-030,/() #!K 4 -,-0/) ##K +'*&/(, ,% -,*0)+) !""$;!"" 4 6', ,/ M@02) ,% /0=,%

+, (,2/)%)1& +, 0/=,*/&+,*) -*)3,+0) ,(03&+) , +,% " +)/+, #"" 0/2%'4,:

0**01&20/ *,20*2'%&20/ =,/(0%&20/ &'()3) F*&/20& I*&,% C&/&+< 4 E-&?& P&, 6', )5*,2,/ -*0/20-&%3,/(, (,2/)%)1&

3,+0&;&%(& &'/6', E-&?& (&380@/ (0,/, 5',*(, -*,,/20& ,/ (,2/)%)1& 8&>& 4 %)

21


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P&, B&>) ,/ (,2/)%)1& &%(&. E/ 2'&/() & %& )5,*(& 3,02&/& %) 5&8*02&/(, +,

0/=,*/&+,*) ,(&.

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&*&/2,%&*0& +,% " 4 ,,/20/ +,% -&1) +,% IVA G'&/(, !""K. E/ ,(, ,/(0+) %)

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0/=,*/&+,*) 01& 2*,20,/+) 2)/ 0(,3& +, -*)+'220/ +, 8&>& & &%(& (,2/)%)1&.

%#+ Paora)a e('a'a*#

E/ V,*&2*'9 4& ,0(,/ 0/=,*/&+,*) -,*) %& 3&4)*& +, %) 0(,3& +, 2)/(*)% +,

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2&380) 2',/(&/ 2)/ 0(,3& &'()3


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!.! T,3-,*&('*& 4 ,5,2() -*)+'20+) ,/ ()3&(,.

T,3-,*&('*& 4 ,5,2() -*)+'20+) ,/ ()3&(,

T,3-,*&('*& E5,2() 6', -*)+'2, ,/ %& -%&/(&

M/03& ;#! C L) -*)2,) +, ()3& +, /'(*0,/(, 4 2*,2030,/() &%2&/9&/'/&

0/(,/0+&+ 3/03& ) , +,(0,/,/ 0 %& (,3-,*&('*& 3/03&

,

-*)%)/1& -)* =&*0) +& %& -%&/(& , +,80%0(& 4 0 )2'**,/

(,3-,*&('*&

-)* +,8&>) +, ,(, /0=,% %& -%&/(& '5*, '/& -*)1*,0=&

+,2&+,/20&) 3',*(,.

-(03& !#;! C T)+) %) -*)2,) 80)6'302) , +,&**)%%&/

/)*3&%3,/(, ,%

2*,2030,/() =,1,(&(0=) %& 5%)*&20/ 4 %& 5*'2(0502&20/ )/

&+,2'&+).M


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R,%&20/ +, %& (,3-,*&('*& ,/ %) +05,*,/(, ,(&+) +, +,&**)%%) +, %&

-%&/(&

Estado de desarrollo T.

mnima

( C)

T.

ptima

( C)

T.

mxima

( C)

Germinacin 11 16-29 34

Crecimiento 18 21-24 32

Cuajado de frutos durante el da 18 23-26 32

Cuajado de frutos durante la noce 10 14-17 22

!roduccin del "i#mento rojo $lico"eno% 10 20-24 30

!roduccin de "i#mento amarillo $&

caroteno%

10 21-23 40

'em"eratura del suelo 12 20-24 25

(uente) *aramillo+ 2007, !ere+2011,

H'3,+&+

L& 7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& 0+,&% -&*& ,% +,&**)%%) +,% 2'%(0=) +, ()3&(, +,8, ,(&*

,/(*, '/ 4 '/ -&*& ' -(03) 2*,2030,/() 4 5,*(0%0+&+ +,80+) & 6', 2)/ &%(&

7'3,+&+ ,/ ,% &380,/(, "K ,% 2'%(0=) , 3


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P&*& %& 3&4)*& +, %& 2)/+020)/, &380,/(&%, -)* 2&+& 0/2*,3,/() +, %&

(,3-,*&('*& ,/ 1*&+) C,%0' %& 7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& +030/'0*< ,/ -*)3,+0) . S0

, 2)/)2, %& 7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& , -',+, +,(,*30/&* %& -*,0/ +, =&-)* +, &1'& 4

2)3) %& (*&/-0*&20/ , &%(&3,/(, +,-,/+0,/(, +, %& 7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& +,% &0*, '/&

7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& +&*< %'1&* & '/ 3&4)* +05,*,/20&% +, =&-)* +, &1'& ,/(*, ,% &0*, 4

%& -%&/(& -)* (&/() 3&4)* (*&/-0*&20/. P)* %) &/(,*0)* , &+,2'&+) ,-*,&* %&

7'3,+&+ ,/ (@*30/) +, +@5020( ,/(*, %& 3) +, ,%%& & ,() , %, 2)/)2, 2)3) +@5020( +, -*,0/ +, =&-)* +, &1'& 4

, ,-*,& ,/ -&2&%.

./cit de "resin de a"or $!a% a diferentes tem"eraturas umedades relatias,

'em"eratur

a

$C%

umedad relatia $%

99 95 90 85 80 70 60 50

15 0,017

0

0,085 0,017

1

0,256 0,341 0,512 0,683 0,853

20 0,024 0,117 0,234 0,351 0,466 0,701 0,935 1,170

25 0,032 0,158 0,317 0,477 0,633 0,950 1,269 1,584

30 0,042 0,217 0,424 0,636 0,849 1,273 1,697 2,122

35 0,056 0,281 0,562 0,843 1,124 1,687 2,252 2,811

(uente) *aris+ 1992, !ere+2011,

Luminosidad y Radiacin.

E% ()3&(, *,6'0,*, +& )%,&+) ,/(*, & # 7)*& +, %'9 -&*& '/ 8',/

+,&**)%%) +, %& -%&/(& 4 %)1*&* '/& 2)%)*&20/ '/05)*3, ,/ ,% 5*'(). L& 8&>&

%'30/)0+&+ &5,2(& %) -*)2,) +, 5%)*&20/ 5,2'/+&20/ 4 +,&**)%%) =,1,(&(0=) +,

%& -%&/(& 4 *,+'2, %& &8)*20/ +, &1'& 4 /'(*0,/(,.

C)/ ,% 50/ +, 5&=)*,2,* %& +0-)/080%0+&+ +, %'9 8%&/2) ,/ ,% 0/=,*/&+,*) 4 ,/

2)/,2',/20& %& &2(0=0+&+ 5)()0/(@(02& +, %& -%&/(& , &2)/,>&8%, -0/(&* +, 2)%)*

8%&/2) ()+& %& ,(*'2('*& +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) ,3-%,&* '(*&() +, 2)%)* 8%&/6',0/) ,

25


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0/2%') *,2'**0* &% &2)%27&+) 2)/ -%) +, %& =,/(0%&20/ +,/(*) +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) %&

0/=,(01&20/ 4 %& -*, +, =,/(0%&20/ -&*&

2&+& 2&) 2'4) 2


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+,% 0/=,*/&+,*) -&*& ,=0(&* %& 0/(,*5,*,/20& +, %& %'9. E/ ,% 2&) +, 6', %) =0,/() /)

,&/ 5',*(, 4 /) 2&',/ +&?) &% 2'%(0=) /) , +,8,/ -)/,* 8&**,*& 2)/(*&=0,/() 4&

6', 03-0+,/ %& =,/(0%&20/ +,/(*) +,% 0/=,*/&+,*).

P&*& ,=0(&* ,% 0/2*,3,/() ,2,0=) +, %& 7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& ,/ ,% 302*)&380,/(,6', *)+,& & %& 7)>& +, %& -%&/(& , /,2,&*0) 7&2,* '/& 8',/& +0(*08'20/ +, ,%%&,/ ,% 0/=,*/&+,*). P)* ,>,3-%) 0 , =&/ & 2'%(0=&* -%&/(& & +) *&203) , -',+,/2)%)2&* +0,9 -%&/(& -)* 3,(*) 2'&+*&+) 4 )%) 20/2) ) ,0 -%&/(& -)* 3,(*) 2'&+*&+)0 ,(& (,/+*


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&2('&20/.

E '/ 0(,3& =&*0&8%, ,/ ,% (0,3-) ,/ ,% 6', %) -&*&:

L) 5*'() , 2),27&/ ,/ 3,/) (0,3-) 6', ,% /)*3&%.

S, &'3,/(& %& 2&%0+&+ 4 ,% *,/+030,/().

S, -',+, -*)+'20* 5',*& +, @-)2&.

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S, 5&20%0(& ,% 2)/(*)% +, -%&1&.

E0(, %& -)080%0+&+ +, 2'%(0=&* 3


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A%(& 0/=,*0/ 0/020&%.

L) 2)() )-,*&(0=) -',+,/ ,* ,%,=&+) 2&%,5&220/ &0%&30,/() ,(2.K.

S, *,6'0,*, +, -,*)/&% 2&-&20(&+) -&*& ' )-,*&20/.

%#%#% A/'o)a'i0aci de i,eradero(#

U/ 0(,3& &'()3) 4 7&4 '/& +0=,*0+&+ +, -*)+'2() & )8(,/,*. E/ ,(, 2&) ,%

,6'0-) +, -*)+'220/ , +0,?&+) -&*& &+&-(&*, -)* 3,+0) +, S)5(&*, & %&

=&*0&20)/, +,% -*)+'2().

A'()3&(09&20/ 5%,08%, &+,2'&+& -&*& '/ *&/1) +, -*)+'220/ 3,+0) 4& 6',

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1,/,*&%3,/(, 5&8*02&+) -)* %)(,. A'()3&(09&20/ ()(&% +)/+, ,% -*)2,) , %%,=& & 2&8) 0/ 0/(,*=,/20/ 7'3&/&.

A-%02&/+) ,(& 2&(,1)*09&20/ & %& &'()3&(09&20/ +, '/ 0/=,*/&+,*) , 3'(&* ,% -*)2,) +, &'()3&(09&20/ & '/ (0-) +, &'()3&(09&20/

-*)1*&3&8%, -*0/20-&%3,/(, -)* %) +0=,*) 2&380) ,/ %& 2&*&2(,*(02& +, %)

-*)+'2() 2)%)* (&3&?) 5)*3& ,-,20, ,(2.K 4 -)* %& =&*0&20)/, ,/ %& 2)/+020)/,

2%03


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+, 2)/(*)% -&*& ,% +0,?) +, 0(,3& 8&&+) ,/ '/) ) =&*0) 0(,3& 2,/(*&%, 6',

2)/(*)%&/ =&*0) -*)2,).

A+,3&*, +,+, -'/()

%,>&/) &% %'1&* +)/+, , %%,=&/ & 2&8) %) -*)2,). A %& &'()3&(09&20/ +, '/

0/=,*/&+,*) -',+, ,* 2,/(*&%09&+& 4 ,(*'2('*&+& 1%)8&%3,/(,. P)* )(*& -&*(, ,0(,/

3'27& 0('&20)/, +)/+, %& &'()3&(09&20/ , '/& )%'20/ & %) -*)8%,3&

&+30/0(*&(0=) 4 -*)+'2(0=).

S0/ ,38&*1) 2&+& -*)2,) , +0(0/() 4 ' &'()3&(09&20/ +,3&/+& +0(0/()

*,() (@2/02) 4 ,2)/302). P&*(02'%&*3,/(, ,/ %) 0(,3& +, -*)+'220/ +, 2'%(0=)

&'()3&(09&+) %) +0,?&+)*, , ,/5*,/(&/ & %) 01'0,/(, -*)8%,3&:

U/ &380,/(, +, (*&8&>) 3,/) ,(*'2('*&+) 2)3-&*&+) 2)/ )(*) (0-) +,

0/+'(*0&.

L) 2&380) +0/) 1*&+) +, 2)3-%,>0+&+ +,,&+) -)* %) ''&*0) ,/ %& )-,*&20/ 4

3&/(,/030,/() +,% 0(,3&.

L& &%(& +0502'%(&+ +, >'(0502&* '/& 3&4)* 0/=,*0/ +, 2&-0(&%.

E% -,6',?) 3&*1,/ +, ,**)* -,*30(0+) +,80+) & %& 5*&10%0+&+ +,% -*)+'2() 5*'()K

D,80+) & ,(& +0502'%(&+, , 7& -*,5,*0+) ,/5)2&* %& &'()3&(09&20/ ,/ %)

0(,3& +, -*)+'220/ +, 2'%(0=) ,/ ,% +0,?) +, 0(,3& +, -*)+'220/ +, -%&/(&

,/ &380,/(, 2)/(*)%&+) (*&8&>&/+) -*0/20-&%3,/(, 2)/ %& &'()3&(09&20/ +, %)

-&*


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S01'0,/+) ,(& (,/+,/20& ,/ ,(, 2&-('%) , 0/2%'4, '/& +,2*0-20/ +, %)

0/(*'3,/() +, 3,+020/ 6', &2('&%3,/(, )/ '&+) ,/ %) 0/=,*/&+,*) & 2)3)

%) ,6'0-) +, )-,*&20/ ) &2('&+)*, 6', &5,2(&/ %& =&*0&8%, +, 0/(,*@ -&*& ,(,

-*)4,2(). A+020)/&%3,/(, , -*,,/(& 0/5)*3&20/ )8*, %) 0(,3& +, &+6'0020/ 4

%& (@2/02& +, 2)/(*)% 6', (-02&3,/(, )/ '(0%09&+&.

F0/&%3,/(, ,/ %& T&8%& # , *,'3,/ %& =&*0&8%, 6', 2)3/3,/(, ,

&'()3&(09&/ ,/ ,% 0/=,*/&+,*) , 3',(*&/ %& '/0+&+, +, 3,+020/ %& +0=00)/,

6', , 7&2,/ ,/ %& 3,+020)/, %) 0/(*'3,/() +, 3,+020/ 4 &2('&+)*, 6',

(-02&3,/(, '&+).

31


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Tab*a & Bac'ore( co(iderado( para *a a/'o)a'i0aci de / i,eradero#

B/e'e ;aaH &JJ:#

32


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Bi1# + Repre(e'aci 1r4fica de* i,eradero#

B/e'e TiariH %+#

%#+ Tipo( De I,eradero(#

P&*& T))=,4 #K

P',+,/ 2)/(*'0*, 0/=,*/&+,*) +, 2&0 2'&%6'0,* 5)*3& 4 (&3&?) 6', ,/ 2&+&

)2&0/ =,/+*&+) ,/ '/) +, %) (*, -*0/20-&%, 1*'-) -*0/20-&%, 6', ,0(,/: 2)/(*'0+) +,

3&+,*& ,1/ ,% 0(,3& (*&+020)/&% 2)/(*'0+) +, &%'30/0) 4 &6',%%) )(*) 2'4)

5'/+&3,/() )/ %& 2*0(&%,*& 7)%&/+,&. L& 2)/(*'220)/, /',=& +,8,/ +0,?&*,

) ,%,10*, ,/(*, %) 3)+,%) -*,5&8*02&+) ,0(,/(, -&*& 2)/,1'0* %& 3& 3,+0&/(, '/

3+'%) +, &/27'*& +, '/) # 3,(*) 4 '/& &%('*& 3/03& 7&(& ,% &%,*) +,% (,>&+) +,

# 3,(*). E2,-() ,/ %& 2)/(*'220)/, /0=,%&+& %) ,+05020) /) +,8,*


34/66

%#+#& Por (/ /(o . 'e)pera'/ra(#

2.3.1.1 Invernadero para climas tropicales.

L& ,(*'2('*& +, 0/=,*/&+,*) 6', 3,/& 3,%)/, 270%, -02))

%,27'1& 5%)*, 5)%%&>, 4 =0=,*03).

Bi1# 3 I,eradero para c*i)a( 'ropica*e(#

B/e'e AMCIH %7#

E/(*, %& )-20)/, +, ,6'0-&30,/() /) 0/2%'0+& ,/ ,% -*,20)K ,(


35/66

E0(,/ )(*) (0-) +, &+,2'&+) -&*& +05,*,/(, 2%03&. E% (,3-%&+) ) ,%

2)/)20+) 2)3) 0/=,*/&+,*) -&*& 2'&%6'0,* 2%03& -*,,/(& %& 303& 2&*&2(,*(02&

6', ,% 0/=,*/&+,*) 2)3) ,% 2%03& +)/+, , %%,=& & 2&8) ,% -*)4,2() , (*)-02&% /) ,

03-)*(&/(, %& +,2*0-20/ +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) (,3-%&+).

%#+#% Por (/ e('r/c'/ra#

L& ,(*'2('*& +, 0/=,*/&+,*) , '/) +, %) 5&2()*, 3


36/66

Tab*a % Ve'a-a( . de(,e'a-a( de *o( difere'e( 'ipo( de i,eradero

B/e'e Co*o)biiH %6#

2.3.2.1 Invernadero tnel o semicilndrico.

S, 2&*&2(,*09& -)* %& 5)*3& +, ' 2'80,*(& 4 -)* ' ,(*'2('*& ()(&%3,/(,

3,(


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&+)-(&/ &%('*& +, ! & 3. E% &/27) +, ,(& /&=, ,(< 2)3-*,/+0+) ,/(*, & 3

4 -,*30(,/ ,% &+)&30,/() +, =&*0& /&=, ,/ 8&(,*&. L& =,/(0%&20/ , 3,+0&/(,

=,/(&/& 2,/0(&%, 6', , &8*,/ 7&20& ,% ,(,*0)* +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) F01. K

Bi1# 6 I,eradero 'Ke* o (e)ici*2drico#

B/e'e9''p55#i,eradero(c9i*e#c*

V,/(&>& +, %) 0/=,*/&+,*) (0-) (/,%:

E(*'2('*& 2)/ -)2) )8(


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N) &-*)=,27& ,% &1'& +, %%'=0&.

S)%&3,/(, *,2)3,/+&+) ,/ 2'%(0=) +, 8&>) & 3,+0&/) -)*(,.

%#+#+ C*a(ificaci de *o( i,eradero( por *o( i,e*e( de a/'o)a'i0aci#

C)3,*20&%3,/(, %) 0/=,*/&+,*) , ,/2',/(*&/ +0-)/08%, ,/ +0(0/() /0=,%,

+, &'()3&(09&20/ 6', &(05&2,/ +05,*,/(, /,2,0+&+, 4 6', -',+,/ ,*=0* -&*&

+05,*,/(, 2)/+020)/, 2%03


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2.3.3.3 Invernadero de alta tecnologa.

E(& 2&(,1)*& +050,*, +, %) 0(,3& +, 3,+0& (,2/)%)1& -)* ,% 0(,3& +,

2)/(*)% 6', ,/ @% , ,/2',/(*&. S, (*&(& +, '/ 0(,3& +, 2)/(*)% &'()3) 3


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%#3 Si('e)a( de Co'ro*#

U/ 0(,3& +, 2)/(*)% -',+, ,* +,50/0+) 2)3) 2'&%6'0,* 0(,3& 3,2,(0=) +, 2)/(*)% -',+,/ 2)/0+,*&*, 2)3)

%& ,/(*&+& +,% 0(,3& ) ,?&%, +, 2)/(*)% 'K 30,/(*& 6', %) *,'%(&+) )/

%%&3&+) &%0+& ) =&*0&8%, & 2)/(*)%&* 4K. E/ 1,/,*&% ,% )8>,(0=) +, '/ 0(,3& +,

2)/(*)% , 2)/(*)%&* %& &%0+& +, '/& 5)*3& -*,+,50/0+& -)* %& ,/(*&+& & (*&=@ +, %)

,%,3,/() +,% 0(,3& +, 2)/(*)%.

Bi1# 8 Co)poe'e( b4(ico( de / (i('e)a de co'ro*

P)* )(*) %&+) 2)/ 8&, & ' ,(*'2('*& %) 0(,3& +, 2)/(*)% -',+,/ ,*2%&0502&+) ,/ ! (0-) (&% 4 2)3) , 3',(*& & 2)/(0/'&20/:

#. S0(,3& +, 2)/(*)% ,/ %&9) &80,*() I/2%'4,/ & %) 0(,3& ,/ %) 6', %& &%0+&

/) (0,/, ,5,2() ,/ %& ,/(*&+& -)* ,>,3-%): %02'&+)*& ()(&+)*& ,%@2(*02&K. T&%,

0(,3& ,(


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2)3) , 3',(*& ,/ ,% +0&1*&3& +, %& F01'*& & +)/+, '/& ,?&% +, ,/(*&+& ,

&-%02&+& &% 2)/(*)%&+)* 2'4& &%0+& , +,/)30/&+& ,?&% +, 2)/(*)% 'K. E(& ,?&%

2)/(*)%& ,% -*)2,) -&*& 6', %& =&*0&8%, +, &%0+& 4K , 2)3-)*(, +, &2',*+) & %)

,(&8%,20+). S0/ ,38&*1) )/ 0(,3& 6', /) 3&/(0,/,/ %& =&*0&8%, +, &%0+&

2)/(*)%&+& 2'&/+) ,0(,/ -,*('*8&20)/, -)*6', /) )/ 2&-&2, +, +,(,2(&* ,**)*, 4

2)**,10*%). D,80+) & %& 03-%020+&+ 4 ,% -*,20) +, ,() 0(,3& , -)08%,

,/2)/(*&*%) ,/ 3'27& &-%02&20)/, -)2) 2*(02&.

!.; S0(,3& +, 2)/(*)% ,/ %&9) 2,**&+) S)/ 0(,3& ,/ %) 6', %& &%0+& ,

*,(*)&%03,/(&+& -)* ,>,3-%): (,*3)(&() 4 0(,3& +, /&=,1&20/K -&*& ,%%)

0/2%'4,/ '/& 5)*3& +, 3,+0* =&*0&20)/, ,/ %& &%0+& 4 +, &2('&* -&*& *,&%09&* &220)/,

2)**,2(0=& F01. 8K.

E/ ,() 0(,3& %& ,/(*&+& , 3)+0502&+& -)* %& &%0+& &2('&% &/(, +, 6',

,/(*, &% 2)/(*)%&+)*. C)3) %& &%0+& , *,(*)&%03,/(&+& 4 ,% 2)/(*)%&+)* +,(,*30/& )

*,208, %& +05,*,/20& ,/(*, %& &%0+& 4 %& ,/(*&+& ,(, 0(,3& (&380@/ , %%&3&+)

0(,3& *,(*)&%03,/(&+) /,1&(0=&3,/(, ) 0(,3& *,(*)&%03,/(&+).

&K

8K

Bi1# : a E*e)e'o( de / (i('e)a de co'ro* e *a0o abier'o# b E*e)e'o( de / (i('e)a deco'ro* e *a0o cerrado#

%#3#& Teor2a de co'ro* )odera . c*4(ica#

41


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L& (,)*& +, 2)/(*)% -',+, +0=0+0*, ,/ +) 2&(,1)*&: 2%


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C'&/+) ,% =&%)* +, %& =&*0&8%, 2*'9& ,% ,(-)0/( -&*& 2&380&* ,% ,(&+) +, %&

&%0+& ,% -*)2,) =& & 202%&*, 4,/+) 2)/(0/'&3,/(, +, '/ =&%)* -)* +,8&>) +,%

,(-)0/( & '/ =&%)* -)* &**08& +,% ,(-)0/(. S0 ,() )2'**, %) ,6'0-) +, )-,*&20/ 6',

, ,(@/ )2'-&/+) 2)/(&2()*, =


44/66

U/& +, %& =,/(&>& +,% 2)/(*)% -*)-)*20)/&% , %& 03-%020+&+ +, )-,*&20/

+,80+) & 6', , *,6'0,*,/ -)2) &>'(, -&*& 2&380&* ,% ,(-)0/( ) -&*& &+&-(&* ,%

2)/(*)%&+)* 0 %& 2)/+020)/, +,% -*)2,) 2&380&/ 2)/0+,*&8%,3,/(,.

E/ %) -*)2,) 2)/ 1*&/+, (0,3-) +, *,(*&) , *,6'0,*,/ 8&/+&

-*)-)*20)/&%, &3-%0& -&*& ,%030/&* %& )20%&20/. S0/ ,38&*1) %& 8&/+& +, )20%&20/

&3-%0& -',+, -*)=)2&* +,-%&9&30,/() )55,(K ,/ ,% ,(-)0/( -&*& ,=0(&* ,() ,

-',+,/ '&* *,(&8%,2030,/() &'()3'/() 2)/ &220)/, +,*0=&(0=&

*&9)/, +, 2&380)K -&*& *,2)8*&* %& =,%)20+&+ +, &220/ +,% 2)/(*)% 2'&/+) )2'**,

&%1'/& -,*('*8&20/.

%#3#6 PID#

E% 2)/(*)%&+)* -*)-)*20)/&% 0/(,1*&% +,*0=&(0=) 2)380/& ,% 2)/(*)% -*)-)*20)/&% 2)/

+) (0-) +, &>'(, 0/(,1*&% 4 +,*0=&(0=)K 6', &4'+&/ &% 0(,3& & 2)3-,/&*

&'()3'(, )/ ,-*,&+) ,/ '/0+&+, +, (0,3-).

E(, (0-) +, 2)/(*)% 3',(*& 3&4)*, =,/(&>& ,/ 0(,3& 6', (0,/,/ -)2&

3&& &6',%%) 6', *,&220)/&/ *


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=&*0) &-,2() & ' &%*,+,+)*. P&*& ' '-,*=0=,/20& %& -%&/(& -',+, )-)*(&* '/

&3-%0) 3&*1,/ +, 2)/+020)/, &380,/(&%, 0/ ,38&*1) ,/ ,% ,2)0(,3& +, '/

0/=,*/&+,*) , 3&/,>& '/ 3&*1,/ &380,/(&% 3& 4 +, %& *&9. A+,3


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S,/)* +, 7'3,+&+ +,% ',%). S, '(0%09&*< %) ,/ &6',%%& )2&0)/, ,/ 6', ,

*,6'0,*& (0,**& ,/ %'1&* +, '(*&() -&*& ,% 2'%(0=).

E(&-& +, &2)/+020)/&30,/() +, %& ,?&% -&*& &3-%0502&* %& &%0+& +, =)%(&>, +, 2&+&

,/)*.

E(&-& +, -)(,/20& -&*& 6', %& ,?&%, +, &%0+& +010(&% +,% PLC -',+&/

(*&/5)*3&*, & =)%(&>, +, 2)**0,/(, &%(,*/& 2.&.K 4 &-%02&*, & 2'&%6'0,* (0-) +,

&2('&+)*.

%#8 Se(ore(#

S)/ +0-)0(0=) 6', +,(,2(&/ 5,/3,/) 502) 2)3) %& ,/,*1& =,%)20+&+

&2,%,*&20/ (&3&?) 2&/(0+&+ ,(2. S, -',+, +,20* 6', '/ ,/)* , '/ +0-)0(0=) 6',

&-*)=,27& '/& +, ' -*)-0,+&+, 2)/ ,% 50/ +, &+&-(&* %& ,?&% 6', 30+, -&*& 6', %&

-',+& 0/(,*-*,(&* )(*) ,%,3,/() 2)/,2(&+) & '/& 2)3-'(&+)*& +, 3)+) 6', %)

=&%)*, 2,/&+) -',+&/ ,* %,+) -)* '/ 7'3&/).

%#8#& Se(or de 'e)pera'/ra#

E/2&*1&+) +, 3,+0* %& (,3-,*&('*& 0/(,*/& +,% I/=,*/&+,*). C'&/+) @(& ,

,/2',/(*& -)* +,8&>) +,% *&/1) -,*30(0+) ,% 0(,3& +& %& )*+,/ +, 2,**&* %& =,/(&/&

%&(,*&%, 4 0 , /,2,&*0) ,/2,/+,* %& 2&%,5&220/ -&*& 3&/(,/,* ,% 2&%)* 0/(,*0)* 4

-*)(,1,* &% 2'%(0=) +, %& 7,%&+& 4 2'&/+) , ,/2',/(*& -)* ,/203& +,% *&/1)

-,*30(0+) %& =,/(&/& %&(,*&%, +, &8*,/ ,/ 2&) +, ,(&* 2,**&+& 30,/(*& ,%

0(,3& &2(0=& ,% ,(*&2()* 4 ,% 0(,3& +, ,=&-)*&20/ +, &1'& C))%0/1 S4(,3 ,/(*&

,/ 5'/20)/&30,/().

%#8#% Se(or de 9/)edad#

46


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E/2&*1&+) +, 3,+0* %& 7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& +,% &380,/(, 2'4) +&() , '&*).

%#8#+ Se(or de */0#

C)%)2&+) ,/ ,% 0/(,*0)*. E/2&*1&+) +, *,2)%,2(&* %) +&() +, %& %'30/)0+&+

0/(,*0)* ,/ 2&) +, ,* 8&>) +& /'8%&+)K , ,/2,/+,*'/20/ +, ,() 5&2()*, +,/(*) +, '/) %30(, 3/03) 4 3


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B& %& (&& +, (*&/-0*&20/ 2*,2, %) 6', -',+, &2&**,&* ,(*@ 7+*02),% 20,**, +, %) ,()3& 4 -)* (&/() %& *,+'220/ +, %& 5)()/(,0. E /,2,&*0)

3&/(,/,* %& 7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& +,% &0*, ,/ '/ 0/(,*=&%) +,(,*30/&+). E% 2)/(*)% +, %&

7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& +,% &0*, 0/(,*0)* +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) -*,,/(& +) 0/2)/=,/0,/(,

-*0/20-&%,: %& (,3-,*&('*& +,% &0*, 4 ' 7'3,+&+ *,%&(0=& , ,/2',/(*&/ &%(&3,/(,

*,%&20)/&+& +, 5)*3& 0/=,*& -)* %) 6', '/& =&*0&20/ ,/ '/& +, %& +) =&*0&8%,

-*)+'2, '/& =&*0&20/ 0/=,*& ,/ %& )(*&.

%#:#3 ;/)edad de (/e*o#

S, +,/)30/& 7'3,+&+ +, ',%) & %& 2&/(0+&+ +, &1'& ,0(,/(, ,/ ,(,. E%

3&/,>) +, ,(& =&*0&8%, , 3'4 03-)*(&/(, ,/ ()+) (0-) +, 2'%(0=) 4& 6', ,(& /)

+&*& ,% -'/() ,/ 6', %& -%&/(& , -',+, 3&*270(&* ) ,2&* &+,3


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+, %& (*&/-0*&20/ +, %& -%&/(& L& =,/(0%&20/ , 3'4 03-)*(&/(, (&/() -&*& ,-'%&*

,% &0*, 2&%0,/(, 2)3) -&*& 7&2,* 6', 20*2'%, +,/(*) +,% *,20/() & %& 7)*& +, ,=0(&* -%&1&

4 ,/5,*3,+&+,. L) *,-0*&+,*) +,8,/ ,(&* 0('&+) ,/ -)020)/, 8&>& 4 ,%,=&+&

-&*& ,(&8%,2,* '/ 5%'>) +, &0*, &+,2'&+). U/) ,(*&2()*, 2)%)2&+) ,/ %& -&*(, &%(&

+,% 0/=,*/&+,*) &4'+&/ & ,-'%&* ,% &0*, 3


50/66

III#> METODOLO!"A

L) 3&-& 2)/2,-('&%, 6', , -*,,/(&/ & 2)/(0/'&20/ 3',(*&/ %& ,(&-&

6', , ,1'0*,(0=) -&*(02'%&*, 6', %%,=&*&/ & %&

2'%30/&20/ +, ,(, -*)4,2().

50


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Bi1# J E'apa de Di(e@o#

Bi1# & E'apa de co'ro*#

51


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Bi1# && E'apa de A*i)e'aci

+#& E'apa ?Di(e@o?#

+#& Ubicaci#

P&*& ,% +,&**)%%) +,% ,('+0) , ,=&%'&*)/ %& 2)3'/0+&+, 2,*2&/& & %& 20'+&+

+, X&%&-& 6', -*,,/(&/ 4 -*,,/(&*)/ 3&4)* -*)-)*20/ +, 2'%(0=) ,(&8%,20+). L)

+0(*0() 6', 5',*)/ ,%,220)/&+) -&*& )8(,/,* '/& 3',(*& *,-*,,/(&(0=& +, %& 9)/&5',*)/ %) 01'0,/(,: E% E-0/&% P&) +, O=,>& L& R,5)*3& T01*0%%) C&**09&% 4

C,*=&/(, ()+) -,*(,/,20,/(, &% ,(&+) +, V,*&2*'9 9)/& 2,/(*).

3.1.1.1 Mtodo de seleccin de rea de estudio.

P&*& ,%,220)/&* ,%


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D, ,() ,0 6', *,-*,,/(&/ ,% #"" +,% ()(&% +, -*)+'2()*, 6', 2'%(0=&/ ,/

%& 9)/& , ,%,220)/&*)/ )%) & $ -)* ,(&* 3


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Tab*a +# Pro'/ario de ifor)aci 1eo1r4fica de* )/icipio de E)i*iao Zapa'a#

B/e'e INE!I

54


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Tab*a 3# U(o de (/e*o . ,e1e'aci#

B/e'e INE!I

Tab*a 6# A1ric/*'/ra#

B/e'e SA!ARPA

3.1.1.3 !bicacin geogr"ica.

D,-'@ +, 6', , +,20+0 ,%


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Bi1# &% Ubicaci de* I,erado M/icipio Vi**a E)i*iao Zapa'a#

B/e'e G))1%, M&-.

3.1.2 $ise&o de la 'structura.

P&*& ,% +0,?) ,(*'2('*&% +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) , ()3&*)/ %& 01'0,/(,

2)/0+,*&20)/,: C)/(&* 2)/ %& *,0(,/20& ,(*'2('*&% &+,2'&+& -&*& )-)*(&* ' -*)-0)

-,) 4 %& 2&*1& ,(,*/& & %& 6', ,*< ,-',(& 2)3) ,% =0,/() %& %%'=0& 4 %& (0,**&

-',() 6', +, ,%%) +,-,/+, ,% +0,?). A+020)/&%3,/(, ,% +0,?) +,8, -*)=,,* '/& &%(&(*&/300/ +, %'9 '/ 8&>) 2)/'3) +, 2&%)* ,5020,/20& +, =,/(0%&20/ 8&>) 2)() +,

2)/(*'220/ 4 8&>) 2)() +, )-,*&20/.

3.1.2.1 #ipo.

D,-'@ +, &/&%09&* %& 2&*&2(,*(02& +,% %'1&* 4 2)/0+,*&* %) (0-) +, 2'%(0=)

6', )/ (-02) +, %& *,10/ , +,20+0 '(0%09&* '/& ,(*'2('*& +, (0-) C&-0%%& +)&1'&K 4& 6', )5*,2, %& =,/(&>& +, 6', , +, 5


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Bi1# &+# Porce'a-e de 'ra()i(i de */0 para difere'e( i,eradero(# B/e'e S'a9i**H &JJJ#

3.1.2.2 $imensiones.

E/ 5'/20/ +, %& 2&*&2(,*(02& +,% (,**,/) 4 +, %& +03,/0)/, +0-)/08%,

-&*& %& 2)/(*'220/ +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) , +,20+0 6', ,(, ('=0,*& %& 01'0,/(,

+03,/0)/,: ." 3 ! 3

3.1.2.3 Materiales.

C)3) , 80,/ &80+) %& ,(*'2('*& +, '/ 0/=,*/&+,*) -',+, ,(&* 2)/(0('0+& -)*

+0=,*) 3&(,*0&%, %) 3,*2, %&=,*+&+,*& -*)(,220/ +,% 2'%(0=) -)*6', &+,3


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+,20+0 6', %& 2)8,*('*& +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) 5',*& +, -)%0,(0%,/) 4& 6', &+,3


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Bi1# &6# P*ao( de co('r/cci de* i,eradero#

O(*) 5&2()* & ()3&* ,/ 2',/(& &% +,20+0* %& )*0,/(&20/ +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) 5', ,%

=0,/() %) 0+,&% , 6', ,% 0/=,*/&+,*) -*,,/(, %& 3,/)* *,0(,/20& -)08%, ,() ,

%)1*& )*0,/(&/+) ' %&+) 3


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Bi1# &7# Tra0o de perpedic/*are(#

E2&=&20/ 4 2)%)2&20/ +, -)%0/,

L& 2,-& ' 7)4) )/ %& ,2&=&20)/, +,/(*) +, %& 2'&%, , -'0,*)/ %&

9&-&(& ) 203,/(&20/ +, 2&+& '/) +, %) -)%0/, ) -)(, 6', 2)/5)*3&*)/ %&

2)%'3/& +,% 0/=,*/&+,*). E% ) %& (0,**& +,%

7)4) 7&(& %%,1&* & '/& -*)5'/+0+&+ +, " 23.

Bi1# &8# Co*ocaci de po*ie( de referecia . eGca,aci de cepa(

L,=&/(&30,/() +, -&*,+, +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) 2)%'3/&K.

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C)3) %& -&*,+, )/ %) ,%,3,/() 6', 2&*1&/ %& &*3&+'*& @(& ,

*,5)*9&*)/ 2)/=,/0,/(,3,/(, 2)/ 20/(& +, 3&+,*& 2%&=


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Bi1# &J# Co('r/cci de *a ar)ad/ra 'ipo % a1/a(#

C)%)2&20/ +, %& 2'80,*(&

S, +,,/*)%%&*)/ %& +) 7)>& +, -)%0,(0%,/) ,/ ,% ,/(0+) +, '/& +, %&

-,/+0,/(, -)* %& 6', , '80,*)/K. L& 7)>& '-,*0)* , '/0) &% 3,2&;70%) -&*& '80*%& 4

-&&*%& 7&20& ,% )(*) %&+). U/& =,9 ,(,/+0+) ,% -)%0,(0%,/) +, 2&+& '/& +, %& \&1'&\

@(, , 2%&=) & %& 20/(& +, 3&+,*& & %) %&*1) +,% 0/=,*/&+,*) &38) %&+)K.

Bi1# %# Cor'ia( de po*ie'i*eo#

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IV# RESULTADOS DISCUSI$N

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V# CONCLUSIONES RECOMENDACIONES

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H&//&/ J. #K. reen!ouses" Advanced tec!nolog# $or protected !orticulture.

M'*&%&/+& C. !""$K. %a !uerta !idrop&nica popular" manual t'cnico. S&/(0&1).

N'?) R. !""K. Manual de producci&n de tomate ro(o ba(o condiciones deinvernadero.M,02&%0.

R)+*1',9 A. !""K. M'todos de predicci&n # t'cnicas de control de la condensaci&nen invernaderos .M&+*0+.

S(&/70%% 1. #K. )cos#stems o$ t!e *orld 20.A3(,*+&3.

T0&*0 G. !""$K. +ec!nolog# $or controlled environment.P/&18)'*/,:A%-7& S20,/2, I/(,*/&(0)/&% L(+.

T)%)/ A. !"#"K. %a Agricultura Intensiva ,el oniente Almeriense.A%3,*&.

V&%,*& D. #K. %os invernaderos de Almera" +ipologa # mecanizaci&n del clima.A%3,*&.

V

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