7/21/2019 Sistema de Frenos Abs

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SISTEMA DE FRENOS ABSCamacho Jonnathan1

ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITECNICA DE CHIMBORAZO

 jonnathancamaco_138!hotma"#$%&1 

 Resumen ' %n %&t% a(t)c*#o %+,#"ca(%mo& &o-(% #o

(%.%(%nt% a# &"&t%ma /% .(%no& ABS como &*

.*nc"onam"%nto0 #a& %ntaja& 2*% no& ,*%/%n -("n/a(0

#o& t",o& 2*% ,*%/%n %+"&t"( &*& com,on%nt%&$

 Índice de Términos ' ant"-#o2*%o0 %&ta-"#"/a/0

%#%ct(o4#*#a&$

INTRODUCCIÓN

E# &"&t%ma .(%no& ant"-#o2*%o 5ABS6 %"ta 2*% #a&

(*%/a& &% -#o2*%%n ,at"n%n a# .(%na(0 con #o 2*% %#

%h)c*#o no &o#am%nt% /%c%#%(a /% man%(a 7,t"ma0

&"no 2*% ,%(man%c% %&ta-#% /"(%cc"ona-#% /*(ant% #a

.(%na/a 5,o/%mo& "(a( m"%nt(a& .(%namo&6$

5T%cno#o"a6

SISTEMA DE FRENOS ABS.

Con %# o-j%t"o /% hac%( #a .(%na/a m4& %."c"%nt%

&%*(a &% "/%7 &% ha "/o ,%(.%cc"onan/o %# ##ama/o

&"&t%ma /% .(%na/o ant"-#o2*%o 5Ant"#oc9 B(ac9"n

S&t%m0 o ABS6$ 5"n%m%can"ca6

B4&"cam%nt% con&"&t% *n &"&t%ma 2*% %"ta %# -#o2*%o

/% #a& (*%/a& a# .(%na(0 ,o( tanto %"ta 2*% &% ,"%(/a

%# cont(o# /"(%cc"ona# /%# %h)c*#o$ E&to %& a&) ,o(2*%

&7#o *na (*%/a 2*% "(a0 &"n -#o2*%a(&%0 ,*%/%

%n%(a( *na& .*%(:a& #at%(a#%& 2*% ,*%/%n c*m,#"( 

con #a& .*nc"on%& /% /"(%cc"7n cont(o# /%# %h)c*#o$

5"n%m%can"ca6

E&t% &"&t%ma /% (%*#ac"7n /% #a .(%na/a com"%n:a

con *no& &%n&o(%& *-"ca/o& %n #a& (*%/a& 2*%

cont(o#an ,%(man%nt%m%nt% #a %#oc"/a/ /% "(o /%

#a& m"&ma&0 ,o( %&o 2*% tam-";n &% #%& ##amaca,ta/o(%& RPM /% (*%/a&$ A ,a(t"( /% #o& /ato& 2*%

&*m"n"&t(a ca/a *no /% #o& &%n&o(%&0 #a *n"/a/ /%

cont(o# %#%ct(7n"ca 5#a ECU6 %& ca,a: /% ca#c*#a( 

m%/"ant% *n a#o("tmo mat%m4t"co *na %#oc"/a/

m%/"a0 2*% &% toma 2*% co((%&,on/%

a,(o+"ma/am%nt% a #a %#oc"/a/ /%# %h)c*#o$

Com,a(an/o #a& /"&t"nta& %#oc"/a/%& 2*% a

a/2*"("%n/o *na (*%/a con #a m%/"a #o-a# &% ,*%/%

&a-%( &" %&ta (*%/a am%na:a o no con -#o2*%a(&%$

5"n%m%can"ca6

Ventajas del sistema ABS

•  Estabilidad en la conducción:  %& "m,o(tant%

mant%n%( #a %&ta-"#"/a/ /%# %h)c*#o /*(ant% #a

.(%na/a %n c*a#2*"%( &"t*ac"7n$ 5"n%m%can"ca6

• Control de la conducción: &% /%-% mant%n%( %#

cont(o# /"(%cc"ona# /%# %h)c*#o %n to/o

mom%nto0 "nc#*&o %n &"t*ac"on%& %+t(%ma& /%

.(%na/a %n c*(a0 a*n2*% &% ,"%(/a a/h%(%nc"a

%n a#*na& (*%/a&$ 5"n%m%can"ca6•  Distancia de frenado: con %# *&o /%# ABS #a&

/"&tanc"a& /% .(%na/o %n con/"c"on%& #)m"t%& &%

(%/*c%n con&"/%(a-#%m%nt%0 mant%n";n/o&% %#

cont(o# /%# %h)c*#o$ 5"n%m%can"ca6

Funcionamiento del ABS

E# &"&t%ma ABS %& *n &"&t%ma %#%ct(7n"co 2*%

com,(*%-a cont(o#a #a %#oc"/a/ /% #a& (*%/a&

/*(ant% %# .(%na/o$ E# &"&t%ma o,%(a com,#%tam%nt%

"nt%(a/o con %# &"&t%ma /% .(%no& n%*m4t"co&

%&t4n/a( /%# cam"7n o h"/(4*#"co& %n #o& %h)c*#o&

#"%(o&$ M%/"ant% *no& &%n&o(%& *-"ca/o& %n ca/a(*%/a ,%(m"t% cont(o#a( #a %#oc"/a/ /% #a& m"&ma&

&% cont(o#a %# .(%na/o /*(ant% #a& &"t*ac"on%& /%

 -#o2*%o /% #a& m"&ma&$ E# &"&t%ma m%jo(a #a

%&ta-"#"/a/ %# cont(o# /%# %h)c*#o a# (%/*c"( %#

 -#o2*%o /% #a& (*%/a& /*(ant% %# .(%na/o$

5"n%m%can"ca6

E# S"&t%ma /% Ant"<B#o2*%o /% #a& (*%/a& 5ABS60

act=a &o-(% #a .*%(:a /% .(%na/o 2*% &% %j%(c% %n #o&

tam-o(%& 5ca&o /% #o& cam"on%&6 o /% #o& -om-"n%&

5%n ca&o /% %h)c*#o& #"%(o&6 /% .(%no$ A# mom%nto

/% &%nt"( *na t(a-a o am%na:a /% -#o2*%o %n #a&

(*%/a&0 ,(o,o(c"ona *na (%/*cc"7n (a/*a# /% #a

(otac"7n 0 a/"c"ona#m%nt%0 m"n"m":a &*

/%&#":am"%nto /% .o(ma ta# 2*% #a (*%/a ,%(man%:ca

#o m4& a/h%("/a ,o&"-#% a# ,a"m%nto0 &"n /%&#":a($

5"n%m%can"ca6

La *n"/a/ /% cont(o# %#%ct(7n"co 5ECU6 (%c"-%

 ,(oc%&a #a& &%>a#%& (%c"-"/a& ,o( #o& &%n&o(%& /%

%#oc"/a/ /% #a& (*%/a&$ La ECU0 2*% %&t4 con&t"t*"/o

 ,o( m"c(o,(oc%&a/o(%&0 ca#c*#a *na %#oc"/a/ /%

(%.%(%nc"a o m%/"a /% %nt(% to/a& #a& (%c"-"/a&0 2*% &%

con&"/%(a 2*% co((%&,on/% con #a %#oc"/a/ /%#

%h)c*#o$ E&t% /ato a a a*/a( a /%t%cta( &" *na(*%/a am%na:a con -#o2*%a(&%0 /a/o 2*% %# &"&t%ma

a a "( com,a(an/o &*c%&"am%nt% %&ta m%/"a #o-a#

7/21/2019 Sistema de Frenos Abs

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o /% (%.%(%nc"a con #a& %#oc"/a/%& %&,%c)."ca& 2*% a

(%c"-"%n/o /% ca/a (*%/a0 ,o( #o 2*% &% ,*%/% "nt*"( &"

a#*na /% #a& (*%/a&0 ,o( #a t%n/%nc"a 2*% ##%a %n &*

%#oc"/a/0 %& ,(o,%n&a a -#o2*%a(&% o no0 act*a( %n

con&%c*%nc"a$ 5"n%m%can"ca6

S" %.%ct"am%nt%0 *na /% #a& (*%/a& am%na:a con -#o2*%a(&%0 #a ECU act=a /% "nm%/"ato (%/*c"%n/o #a

 ,(%&"7n /% .(%na/o /% %&a (*%/a ha&ta a#can:a( *n

a#o( ."ja/o ,o( /%-ajo /%# #)m"t% /% -#o2*%o0 ,a(a

2*% c*an/o #a (*%/a *%#a a "(a( #"-(%m%nt% &%

*%#a a*m%nta( #a ,(%&"7n /% .(%na/o ,a(a 2*%

cont"n=% %# ,(oc%&o /% ,a(a/a$ E&t% ,(oc%&o &% (%,"t%

ha&ta 2*% %# con/*cto( /%ja /% acc"ona( %# ,%/a# /%

.(%no0 o /"&m"n*% #a ,(%&"7n /% act"ac"7n /%#

m"&mo$ 5"n%m%can"ca6

Tios de sistemas ABS

S% ,*%/%n %ncont(a( /".%(%nt%& &"&t%ma& ABS0c#a&"."can/o #o& ,("nc",a#m%nt% ,o( %# n=m%(o /%

?cana#%&? /% ?&%n&o(%&? 2*% cont(o#an #o& .(%no& /%

ca/a *na /% #a& (*%/a& /%# %h)c*#o$ 5m%an%-o0

@16

E# n=m%(o /% cana#%& "%n% /%t%(m"na/o ,o( %#

n=m%(o /% %#%ct(o4#*#a& 2*% (%*#an #a ,(%&"7n /%

.(%na/o /% #a& (*%/a& ,*/"%n/o (%*#a(#a&

"n/%,%n/"%nt%m%nt% *na ,o( *na o -"%n #a& /o& /%#

m"&mo %j% a #a %:$ E+"&t%n t(%& t",o& -4&"co& /%

(%*#ac"7n /% #a& (*%/a& 5m%an%-o0 @16

R%*#ac"7n "n/""/*a# %n #a 2*% ca/a (*%/a &%

cont(o#a /% .o(ma "n/%,%n/"%nt% ,o( *na o a("a&

%#%ct(o4#*#a&$ 5m%an%-o0 @16

R%*#ac"7n ?S%#%ct<#o? #a& /o& (*%/a& /% *n

m"&mo %j% &% cont(o#an con #o& a#o(%& o-t%n"/o&

 ,o( %# ca,ta/o( /% #a (*%/a 2*% t"%n% "n/"c"o& /%

 -#o2*%a( %n ,("m%( #*a($ Una o a("a&

%#%ct(o4#*#a& com*n%& a #a& /o& (*%/a& (%*#an

#a m"&ma ,(%&"7n h"/(4*#"ca ,a(a am-a&$

5m%an%-o0 @16

R%*#ac"7n ?S%#%ct<h"t? #a& /o& (*%/a& &%

cont(o#an %n %&t% ca&o con #o& a#o(%& /% #a

(*%/a 2*% mao( a/h%(%nc"a t%na$ Tam-";n/"&,on% /% *na o a("a& %#%ct(o4#*#a& com*n%&

a #a& /o& (*%/a& 2*% (%*#an #a m"&ma ,(%&"7n

h"/(4*#"ca ,a(a am-a&$ 5m%an%-o0 @16

Lo& &%n&o(%& &% co#ocan no(ma#m%nt% j*nto a #a&

(*%/a& &"(%n ,a(a /%t%cta( #a %#oc"/a/0 ac%#%(ac"7n

/%c%#%(ac"7n /% ;&ta&$ En .*nc"7n /%# t",o /%

c"(c*"to /% .(%no&0 n=m%(o /% cana#%& n=m%(o /%

&%n&o(%&0 &% ,*%/%n c#a&"."ca( #o& &"&t%ma& ABS

5m%an%-o0 @16

C*at(o cana#%& c*at(o &%n&o(%& %&t% &"&t%ma

c*%nta con *na o a("a& %#%ct(o4#*#a& ,a(a

ca/a (*%/a a &* %: /"&,on% /% *n &%n&o( ,a(a

ca/a (*%/a$ 5m%an%-o0 @16

T(%& cana#%& c*at(o &%n&o(%& %&t% &"&t%ma

c*%nta con *na o a("a& %#%ct(o4#*#a& ,a(a #a&

(*%/a& /%#ant%(a&0 ,%(o %n #a& (*%/a& /%# %j%

t(a&%(o &% c*%nta con *na o a("a&

%#%ct(o4#*#a& 2*% cont(o#an #a& /o& (*%/a& /%#m"&mo %j% 5t(a&%(o6$ D"&,on% /% *n &%n&o( ,a(a

ca/a (*%/a$ 5m%an%-o0 @16

T(%& cana#%& t(%& &%n&o(%& "*a# /"&,o&"c"7n

2*% %# ant%("o( &"&t%ma0 ,%(o &% /".%(%nc"a %n %#

%j% t(a&%(o /on/% &o#o ha *n &%n&o( &"t*a/o %n

(*,o c7n"co no %n #a& (*%/a&$ 5m%an%-o0

@16

Comonentes del sistema

 Sensores de rueda

Lo& &"&t%ma& /% &%n&o(%& ABS0 tam-";n ##ama/o&ca,ta/o(%& /% (*%/a0 m"/%n #a %#oc"/a/ "n&tant4n%a

%n ca/a (*%/a0 %n"an/o con&tant%m%nt% %&ta

"n.o(mac"7n a #a ECU$ E# conj*nto %&t4 com,*%&to

 ,o( %# ca,ta/o( o &%n&o( *n %n%(a/o( /% "m,*#&o& o

(*%/a .7n"ca 5/%nta/a6 2*% "(a con #a (*%/a$ E#

&%n&o( /% (*%/a &% "n&ta#a %n %# -*j% /% #a (*%/a0

/on/% 2*%/a ,o&"c"ona/o .(%nt% a #a co(ona /%nta/a

2*% .o(ma ,a(t% /%# ,(o,"o %j% /% t(an&m"&"7n0

/%jan/o *n %nt(%h"%((o /% *n m"#)m%t(o %nt(% am-o&$

5"n%m%can"ca6

Unidad de Control Electrónico (ECU)

La ECU &% %nca(a /%# t(atam"%nto /% #a& &%>a#%&

%n"a/a& ,o( #o& ca,ta/o(%& o &%n&o(%& /% ca/a (*%/a$

E& %# c%(%-(o /%# &"&t%ma ABS$ R%c"-% "n.o(mac"7n

/% #o& &%n&o(%& %n)a &%>a#%& a #a& 4#*#a& ABS a

#a *n"/a/ h"/(4*#"ca ,a(a %# ca&o /% &"&t%ma&

h"/(4*#"co /% .(%no&$ Ha ECU& ,a(a a,#"cac"on%& /%

montaj% %n #a ca-"na o -"%n %n %# -a&t"/o($

5"n%m%can"ca6

E# &"&t%ma /% .*nc"onam"%nto /% #a ECU &% "n"c"a con

#a& "n.o(mac"on%& (%c"-"/a& ,o( ca/a &%n&o(0 2*% &on

t(ata/a& %n ,a(a#%#o m%/"ant% *no&m"c(ocom,*ta/o(%&$ En ca&o /% /%&"*a#/a/ /% #a&

"n.o(mac"on%& (%c"-"/a& %nt(% #o& &%n&o(%&0 #a ECU

&*,on% 2*% ha ,%#"(o /% -#o2*%o %n a#*na (*%/a %

"n"c"a %# ,(oc%&o /% (%*#ac"7n /% #a .(%na/a0 %& /%c"(0

act"a %# ABS$ 5"n%m%can"ca6

 Hidrogrupo

E# h"/(o(*,o o *n"/a/ h"/(4*#"ca %& *n conj*nto

.o(ma/o ,o( moto(<-om-a0 ocho %#%ct(o4#*#a&0

c*at(o /% a/m"&"7n c*at(o /% %&ca,%0 *n

ac*m*#a/o( ,a(a %# .#*"/o h"/(4*#"co /% -aja ,(%&"7n$

5"n%m%can"ca6

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 Electroválvulas

E&t4n con&t"t*"/a& /% *n &o#%no"/% /% *n "n/*c"/o

m7"# 2*% /%&a((o##a #a& .*nc"on%& /% a,%(t*(a

c"%((%$ La ,o&"c"7n /% (%,o&o %& a&%*(a/a ,o( #a

acc"7n /% *n m*%##% "nco(,o(a/o$ To/a& #a& %nt(a/a&

&a#"/a& /% #a& %#%ct(o4#*#a& an ,(ot%"/a& ,o( *no&."#t(o&$ 5"n%m%can"ca6

 Equipo motorbomba

E&t4 con&t"t*"/o ,o( *n moto( %#;ct("co /% *na

 -om-a h"/(4*#"ca /% /o-#% c"(c*"to0 cont(o#a/o ,o( #a

ECU$ La .*nc"7n /% %&t% %2*",o %& (%cha:a( %# #)2*"/o

/% .(%no /*(ant% #a .a&% /% (%*#ac"7n /%&/% #o&

 -om-"n%& a #a -om-a /% .(%no&$ C*an/o act=a %#

conj*nto h"/(4*#"co %# con/*cto( #o nota /a/o 2*% &%

 ,(o/*c% *n #"%(o mo"m"%nto /%# ,%/a# /% .(%no$

5"n%m%can"ca6

 !cumulador de ba"a presión

D*(ant% #a act*ac"7n /%# &"&t%ma /% ABS (%c"-% %#

#)2*"/o /% .(%no 2*% ,a&a ,o( #a %#%ct(o4#*#a /%

%&ca,%$ E# n"%# /% ,(%&"7n n%c%&a("o ,a(a %# ##%na/o

/%# ac*m*#a/o( /% -aja ,(%&"7n /%-% &%( #o

&*."c"%nt%m%nt% -ajo ,a(a no "nt%(.%("( %n #a ca)/a /%

 ,(%&"7n n%c%&a("a %n #a .a&% /% (%*#ac"7n0 ,%(o #o

&*."c"%nt%m%nt% a#ta como ,a(a %nc%( %# ta(a/o /% #a

4#*#a /% %nt(a/a /% #a -om-a$ 5"n%m%can"ca6

CONC!USIONES

Sa-%( c*an -%n%."c"a("o %& t%n%( %&t% &"&t%ma %n

*n %h)c*#o a 2*% no& ,%(m"t% "aja( con -*%na

&%*("/a/ con.o(t$

R%conoc%( como %&t4 con.o(ma/o %&t% &"&t%ma

con &*& /".%(%nt%& ,a(t%& como %& #a ECU0 #o&

&%n&o(%& &* (*,o h"/(4*#"co /% .(%na/o$

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