),DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

G9HJB9C

Cj jqaopnk ajpknjk oa k^oanr] mqa iq_d]o k^n]o _erehao jk okj ikjepkna]`]o `qn]jpa u `aolq� o `a h]afa_q_e� j `a h]o ieoi]o) aopa da_dk lqa`a lnk`q_en lnafqe_eko bej]j_eanko) ok_e]hao u lkh�pe_ko+ Nkn kpnkh]`k h]o dann]ieajp]o `a _� h_qhkailha]`]o l]n]ah `eoa� k iq_d]o ra_aookj ej]`a_q]`]o k hkolnej_elekobqj`]iajp]hao `a ejcajean�] jk okj ]lhe_]`ko _kdanajpaiajpa ]h qo]n lnkcn]i]o `a _kilqp]_e� j+ Sjafailhk `a aopko lnk^hai]o ao ah _]ok `a h] lnao] Fq]_kpk q^e_]`] aj ah `eopnepk `a Mnqnehhk) lnkrej_e]`a Kahc]n `kj`a behpn]_ekjao `a ]cq] ankoekj]nkj ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk ] okhk pnao ]� ko `a oan lqaop] ajbqj_ekj]ieajpk+ Ch lnaoajpa aopq`ek oa ^]o] aj h] atlaneaj_e] k^paje`] ar]hq]j`k aopa lnk^hai]cakp� _je_k) h]o ejraopec]_ekjao oa eje_e]nkj aj fqjek `ah /-./ _kj ejola__ekjao aj ah hqc]n u _kj h]k^paj_e� j `a iqaopn]o+ J] ar]hq]_e� j _kjop� `a pnao b]oao) lneiank ah ]j� heoeo `ah bhqfk ejpanjk ia`e]jpaahaiajpko bejepko) oacqj`k ah ]j� heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk u bej]hiajpa ah `eoa� k `aia`e`]o _knna_per]o) aop]o `ko � hpei]o b]oao ailha]j`k i� pk`ko `a amqehe^nek h�iepa %@eodkl u H]j^qQeilhebe_]`k&+ J]o pnao b]oao oa na]hev]nkj qo]j`k ah okbps]na QJGBC 3+-+ Ch aopq`ek ikopn� mqa h]ejaop]^ehe`]` `a h] lnao] an] bnqpk `a `eranoko b]_pknao _kik ^]f] _]he`]` `ah oqahk `a _]jpan]) ejoeleajpa_kil]_p]_e� j) _]naj_e] `a ahaiajpko `a _kjpnkh `a bhqfk ejpanjk %j� _hak u behpnko& u _]naj_e] `a ikjepknaklko _kjopnq_perk8 h] _ki^ej]_e� j `a aopko b]_pknao oa pn]`qfk aj ah napenk `a h] lnao] aj reop] `ah lahecnkmqa nalnaoajp]^]+

HI56>A>IN 5C5ANH>H D; =J57DID 85B 6N >CI9G57I>DC D; ;>C>I9 9A9B9CIH 5C8 A>B>I9FJ>A>6G>JB B9I=D8H

56HIG57I

Gj kqn ajrenkjiajp) ep eo k^oanra` pd]pi]ju_ereh lnkfa_po ]na jkpikjepkna` `qnejc ]j` ]bpan pda _kjopnq_pekj)pdeo oepq]pekj lnk`q_ao bej]j_e]h) ok_e]h ]j` lkhepe_]h lnafq`e_ao+ Dqnpdanikna) pda _]h_qh]pekj pkkho qoa`bkn `aoecj ]na kbpaj ej]`amq]pa kn pda bqj`]iajp]h ajcejaanejc lnej_elhao ]na jkp ]llhea` _knna_phu sdaj] okbps]na eo qoa`+ ?j at]ilha kb pdaoa lnk^haio eo pda _]oa kb Fq]_kpk `]i hk_]pa` ej pda `eopne_p kbMnqnehhk) lnkrej_a kbKahc]n sdana s]pan oaal]ca ank`a` pda `ksjopna]i ohkla fqop pdnaa ua]no kb^aejclqp ejpk klan]pekj+ Rda lnaoajp skng eo ^]oa` kj pda atlaneaj_a ar]hq]pejc pdeo cakpa_dje_]h lnk^hai)pda naoa]n_dao ^acqj ej Hqja /-./ sepd kjoepa ejola_pekjo ]j` o]ilhejc+ Rda ar]hq]pekj d]o pdnaald]oao) benop pda cnkqj`s]pan oaal]ca ]j]huoeo ^u bejepa ahaiajpo8 oa_kj` pda `ksjopna]i ohkla op]^ehepu]j]huoeo ]j` bej]hhu pda `aoecj kb _knna_pera skngo) pda h]ppan psk ld]oao sana na]heva` sepd heiep amqehe^neqiiapdk`o %@eodkl ]j` H]j^q Qeilhebea`&+ Rda pdnaa ld]oao sana _kj`q_pa` qoejc QJGBC 3+- okbps]na+Rda opq`u odksa` pd]p pda `]izo ejop]^ehepu s]o pda naoqhp kb oaran]h b]_pkno oq_d ]o lkkn mq]nnu okehmq]hepu) ej_eleajp _kil]_pekj) h]_g kbcnkqj`s]pan _kjpnkh ahaiajpo %_kna ]j` behpano& ]j` h]_g kb_kjopnq_peralkop ikjepknejc8 pda _ki^ej]pekj kb pdaoa b]_pkno naoqhpa` ej pda naikr]h kb pda `]i ej reas kb pda `]jcan+

5GI>7JAD DG><>C5APar+ Gjraopec+ ?hpk]j`ej+ /-.18 Tkh .3 L� /7 /2 * 0/

?d[X^ % 8XRXT\QaT Wcc_2''fff&d]P_&TSd&_T'^dX'aXP' >HHC K&>2 *+(.%0-0* K&82 *+)+%*1-/

5CuA>H>H 89 9HI56>A>858 89 A5 EG9H5 =J57DID B98>5CI9 >CI9G577>xC89 ADH BvID8DH 89 9A9B9CIDH ;>C>IDH N 9FJ>A>6G>D AwB>I9

Cn]oik A]njank A]njank.) Ekjv]hk A]njank Eqvi� j/

.Co_qah] Nnkbaoekj]h `a Gjcajean�] Eakh� ce_] * ai]eh7 a_]njank20>u]dkk+ao , /Sjeranoe`]`a `a Q]k N]qhk * @n]oeh) ai]eh7c_]njankc>ci]eh+_ki

REV. INVESTIG. ALTO ANDIN

5GI>7A9 >C;D

?npe_ha Pa_aera` Qalpai^an -3) /-.1?npe_ha?__alpa` Lkrai^an 0-) /-.1EdQ[XbWTS2Ba_ai^an /6) /-.1

@9N LDG8H2' C]npd `]io

' Qhkla op]^ehepu' Dejepa ahai ajpo

' Jeiep amqehe^neqi iapdk`o+

>C;DGB57>xC89A 5GI>7JAD

?np+ Pa_e^e`k -3 `a Qapeai^na /-.1?np+ ?_alp]`k 0- `a Lkreai^na /-.1EdQ[XRPS^2 /6 Be_eai na `ah /-.1

E5A56G5H 7A5K92' Nnao]o `a peann]

' Cop]^ehe`]` `a p]hq`ao' Chaiajpko bejepk' Cmqehe^n ek h�i epa+

), $ *)

)- DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

>CIGD8J77>xC

J] Kqje_el]he`]` Beopnep]h `a Mnqnehhk `ajpnk `a oqo _kilapaj_e]ookhe_ep� h] na]hev]_e� j `a qj aopq`ek l]n] h] _kjopnq__e� j `a qj]lnao] `ai]pane]hao oqahpko aj ah hqc]n `ajkiej]`k Fq]_kpk %`eopnepk`a Mnqnehhk) lnkrej_e] `a Kahc]n& aj i]uk `ah /--4+ Ch aopq`ekcakh� ce_k bqa na]hev]`k lkn ah ejcajeank Pkj]h Jklav X]l]j] _kikl]npa `ah Ctla`eajpa R� _je_k � Akjopnq__e� j `a h] Palnao] aj ahQa_pkn Fq]_kpk `ahBeopnepk `a Mnqnehhk� + Ch aopq`ek lnkua_p] _kjopnqenqj] lnao] _kj _]l]_e`]` `a ]hi]_aj]ieajpk `a ]cq] l]n] neack`a /--)---i0 ]lnktei]`]iajpa) h] ieoi] mqa paj`n�] qj] _knpej]`a 6/i aj h] _knkj] u_kj ]hpqn] `a /.i %Akjopnq_pkn] Q]jp] Pko]CGPJ) /--4&+

Cj ah ]� k /-./ h] lnao] paj�] 0 ]� ko `a bqj_ekj]ieajpk uoak^oanr�jqiankoko lqjpko `a ]bhkn]ieajpk `a ]cq] ] pn]r� o `a oq _qanlk)hk mqa are`aj_e� h] lnaoaj_e] `a � lelejc� k pq^ebe_]_e� j aj h] lnao]ej_hquaj`k h] ]__e� j ankoer]`a h]o ]cq]o mqa `ao^kn`]nkj h] _naop]u lnkrk_]nkj h] ankoe� j h]pan]h `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk+ Ba^e`k ] hkolnk^hai]o iaj_ekj]`ko h] Kqje_el]he`]` Beopnep]h `a Mnqnehhk le`aoa na]he_a qj aopq`ek cakp� _je_k l]n] `apaniej]n oe h] lnao] lqa`a_kjpejq]n bqj_ekj]j`k k oe `a^a oan napen]`] `ah hqc]n l]n] arep]n qjbqpqnk nkileieajpk `a h] ieoi] mqa lqa`] ejqj`]n h]o lk^h]_ekjaoq^e_]`]o ]cq]o ]^]fk `a h] k^n]+

Ch k^faperk `a h] lnaoajpa ejraopec]_e� j ao ]j]hev]n h]o _]qo]o u hkoaba_pko `a h] ejaop]^ehe`]` `a h] lnao] Fq]_kpk _kj ah bej `a`apaniej]n h] re]^ehe`]` `a h] k^n]+ N]n] ]h_]jv]n `e_dk k^faperk) aoja_ao]nek ar]hq]n lneiank h] ankoe� j `a h] cakiapn�] `a h] lnao]`a^e`k ]h � lelejc� ) lkopanekniajpa oa namqeana ]j]hev]n ah bhqfk `ah]cq] aj ah ejpanekn) ] oacqen) oa namqeana `apaniej]n h] aop]^ehe`]``ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk u bej]hiajpa oa `abeja ah pelk `a naia`e_e� jnamqane`k+ J] ar]hq]_e� j `a h] ankoe� j aj h] lnao] oa na]hev�ia`e]jpa h] k^oanr]_e� j reoq]h `ah _qanlk) ah ]j� heoeo `a bhqfk bqana]hev]`k qo]j`k ah okbps]na QJGBC 3+- qpehev]j`k ah i� pk`k `aahaiajpko bejepko l]n] ah _� h_qhk `ah cn]`eajpa _n�pe_k u _]q`]hao ajah i]_evk pannkok+ Ch ]j� heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` `ah p]hq` u ah ]j� heoeo`a h]ok^n]o `a naia`e]_e� j bqa na]hev]`k qo]j`k ahieoik okbps]nau ailha]j`k hko i� pk`ko `a amqehe^nek h�iepa `a @eodkl u H]j^qQeilhebe_]`ko aba_pq]j`k hko ]j� heoeo aop� pe_k loaq`k*aop� pe_k l]n]_]`] i� pk`k+

IdQXUXRPRX~] ST _aTbPb ST cXTaaP

Ch lnk_aok `a pq^ebe_]_e� j � lelejc� lqa`a ok_]r]n hko pann]lhajao`a h]o lnao]o `a peann]) ]o�_kikoqo bqj`]_ekjao) p]jpk`ao`a ]cq]o]^]fk d]_e] ]cq]o ]nne^]) _kik ] h] ejrano]+ K]oo]` %/-.-& uAnqv%.663& iaj_ekj]j mqa qj bhqfk `a ]cq] oqnca lkn qj] `ebanaj_e] `aajanc�] ajpna `ko lqjpko `]`] lkn h] _]nc] k `ebanaj_e] aj ah jerah`a ]cq] hk mqaoa _kjk_a _kik cn]`eajpa de n� qhe_k+Copa baj� iajkao h] `ebanaj_e] `a _]nc] `a ]cq] ajpna `ko lqjpko) `ere`e`] lkn h]`eop]j_e] %pn]ua_pkne]& ajpna hko ieoiko %e ; d , J&+ Cj qj jerah `]`k`a qj] i]o] `ah oqahk ah bhqfk afan_a lnaoe� j de`nkop� pe_] u kpn]lnaoe� j mqa oa `a^a at_hqoer]iajpa ] h] _]nc] de`n� qhe_]) _kjk_e`]_kik lnaoe� j `a behpn]_e� j+

Ch oajpe`k `a h] bqanv] `a behpn]_e� j oecqa ah `a h]o h�ja]o `a bhqfk) uaj oq knecaj) _q]j`k ah ]cq] lajapn] aj ah oqahk peaja ah ieoiklaok `a h]o l]np�_qh]o) lank h] ankoe� j oa ra eila`e`] lkn h] i]o]`ah oqahk+ Ranv]cqe uNa_g %.640& na_kiaj`]nkj h] _kjopnq__e� j `a

" '

$5' & " * !$ ' / " #0 '

'& " #0 " .)1"

',-1 !.)2& " -(+1

"

" .)2&6

$)$ " -(+1*

qj � behpnk ejranpe`k _]nc]`k� %i]pane]hao cnqaoko ]nne^]&) `a p]h bkni]mqa oq laok) _khk_]`k aj h] vkj] `kj`a aiancaj h]o h�ja]o `abhqfk aj bkni] _kj_ajpn]`]) arepa ah oebkj]ieajpk) aopa i� pk`kej_naiajp] ah b]_pkn `a oacqne`]` `a h] k^n]+

5]z[XbXb ST U[dY^ T] _aTbPb R^] T[T\T]c^b UX]Xc^b

Cteopaj `ebanajpao i� pk`ko l]n] ah _� h_qhk `ah bhqfk ateopajpa aj ahejpanekn `a qj _qanlk `a i]pane]h cn]jqh]n p]hao _kik h]o na`ao `abhqfk) hko ik`ahko b�oe_ko) hko i� pk`ko ]j]h�pe_ko u hko i� pk`kojqi� ne_ko u _kilqp]_ekj]hao+ Bajpnk `a aopa � hpeik cnqlk ateopaah _� h_qhk `a bhqfk ia`e]jpa `ebanaj_e]o bejep]o uia`e]jpa ahaiajpkobejepko+

Chi� pk`k `a ahaiajpko bejepko oa ^]o] aj ah ik`ahk `a i]hh] mqa`ere`a h] nace� j `a bhqfk aj ahaiajpko `eo_napko u lnklkn_ekj] La_q]_ekjao _kj L ej_� cjep]o P]`d]gneodj]j %.645&+ N]n] _]`]ahaiajpk oa aola_ebe_]j oqo lnklea`]`ao _kik h] lania]^ehe`]` uoa aop]^ha_aj h]o _kj`e_ekjao `a bnkjpan] %_]nc]o u _]q`]hao&+ Qanaoqahra ah oeopai] `a a_q]_ekjao l]n] `apaniej]n h]o _]nc]o ajhko jk`ko u _]q`]hao aj hko ahaiajpko+ Copa i� pk`k peaja cn]j`aorajp]f]o _kj naola_pk ]h i� pk`k `a `ebanaj_e]o bejep]o l]n] hkolnk^hai]o `a ejbehpn]_e� j i� o _kilhafko+ P]`d]gneodj]j %.645&iaj_ekj] mqa ajpna h]o rajp]f]o `ahi� pk`k oa aj_qajpn] ah aopq`e]nb� _ehiajpa cakiapn�]o _kilhaf]o _kj _]l]o `a oqahko ej_hej]`]o)k^pajan qj ik`ah]fa lna_eok r]ne]j`k ah p]i]� k `a hko ahaiajpkou h]o vkj]o `kj`a hko cn]`eajpao `a ejbehpn]_e� j k h]o rahk_e`]`aookj ]hpko) u bej]hiajpa ik`ah]n qj] lkn_e� j `ah oqahk `ajpnk qj]_]l] � je_]+

B{c^S^b ST T`dX[XQaX^ [|\XcT

Jko i� pk`ko `a amqehe^nek h�iepa laniepa ah _� h_qhk `a h] aop]^ehe`]``a qj] i]o] atlqaop] ] bqanv]o mqa ejpan]_p� ]j aj ah oeopai] ]o�_kik bqa `abeje`k lkn Dahhajeqo %.603&+ Jko i� pk`ko `a amqehe^nah�iepa ]oqiaj pnao lnaieo]o7 ah oqahk oa _kilknp] _kik i]pane]hn�ce`k lh� ope_k %nkila ^nqo_]iajpa&8 h]o a_q]_ekjao `a amqehe^nekaop� pe_k okj r� he`]o d]op] h] nqlpqn]8 ah b]_pkn `a oacqne`]` ao_kjop]jpa ] hko h]nck `a h] h�ja] `a nqlpqn] `kj`a oa ecjkn]jlnk_aoko `a nqlpqn] lnkcnaoer] %oej aba_pk `a `abkni]_e� j&+

Cteopaj `ebanajpao bkni]o `a ]j]hev]n h]o a_q]_ekjao k^paje`]o `ahoeopai] `a bqanv]o) h]o i� o qpehev]`]o aj h] ejcajean�] ln� _pe_] okjah i� pk`k `a @eodkl Qeilhebe_]`k u H]j^q Qeilhebe_]`k+ Ch i� pk`k`a @eodkl Qeilhe_]`k %.622& oa ^]o] aj ah amqehe^nek h�iepalnaoajp]`k lkn Dahhajeqo %.603& pajeaj`k _kik � je_] r]ne]_e� j mqaah amqehe^nek `a bqanv]o ao na]hev]`k aj h] `ena__e� j ranpe_]h+ Qak^peaja lkn aopa i� pk`k mqa ah b]_pkn `a oacqne`]` `ah oeopai] oa_]h_qh] _kjbknia ] h] a_q]_e� j %.&+

%.&

@n]f] %/--.&) ej`e_] mqa ah i� pk`k oeilhebe_]`k `a @eodkl ao ahi� pk`k i� o ]ilhe]iajpa qo]`k ulnk`q_a naoqhp]`ko o]peob]_pknekoaj h] i]ukn�] `a hko _]oko+ Ch i� pk`k `a H]j^q %.621& peaja hko

6]L^XZ 4L]YP]Z 4L]YP]Z %8ZYdLWZ 4L]YP]Z 8`dXrY

), $ *)

).DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

ieoiko lnej_eleko mqa @eodkl) okhk r]ne]j`k aj h] ejpan]__e� j `a h]oqlanbe_ea `a nqlpqn]) ]oqieaj`k ah amqehe^nek lkn ikiajpko u jklkn bqanv]o) oeaj`kqo]`k atpajoer]iajpa aj nqlpqn]o `a i]pane]haodapankc� jako+

_bTdS^%TbczcXR^

Qeiqh] h]o _kj`e_ekjao `a hko p]hq`ao ^]fk h] ]`e_e� j `ah _kabe_eajpah]pan]h o�oie_k) ah _q]h `alaj`a `a h] oeoie_e`]` `ah l]�o u ao `aj]pqn]hav] oaie*ail�ne_] %Qaa` u K]np�j) .633&+ Akiajv]j`k ajhko ]� ko .6/-o) h] aop]^ehe`]` o�oie_] `a aopnq_pqn]o `a peann] d]oe`k ]j]hev]`] qo]j`k qj] bkni] loaq`k*aop� pe_] aj h] _q]h hkoaba_pko `a qj pannaikpk okj nalnaoajp]`ko lkn ]_ahan]_ekjao_kjop]jpao dknevkjp]hao u,k ranpe_]hao+ Cj oq bkni] i� o _ki� j) hko]j� heoeo loaq`k*aop� pe_ko nalnaoajp]j hko aba_pko `a h]o re^n]_ekjao`a qj pannaikpk ia`e]jpa ]_ahan]_ekjao loaq`k*aop� pe_]o mqalnk`q_aj bqanv]o ejan_e]hao Dd u Dr) u h]o _q]hao ]_p� ]j ] pn]r� o`ah _ajpnke`a `a h] i]o] `a b]hh]+ Cj h] ln� _pe_] lanq]j] `a ]j� heoeo`a aop]^ehe`]`) h] _kilkjajpa ranpe_]h `a h]o ]_ahan]_ekjao `a qjpannaikpk d] oe`k `aolna_e]`]) _kjoe`an]j`k � je_]iajpa h]_kilkjajpa dknevkjp]h+

B^]Xc^aT^ ST _aTbPb ST cXTaaP

J] _kjopnq__e� j `a k^n]o `a ejcajean�] eilhe_] na]hev]n _kjpnkh uikjepknak ok^na h]o ieoi]o `qn]jpa u `aolq� o `a _qhiej]`] h]afa_q_e� j+ Akj cn]j bna_qaj_e]) hko aba_pko `a h]o nqlpqn]o _]qo]jeil]_pko _kj `eopejpko cn]`ko `a oarane`]` _kj naola_pk ] hko]ola_pko a_kj� ie_ko) ]i^eajp]hao) `a oacqne`]` `ah lanokj]h u`arekh]_e� j `a h] haceoh]_e� j ]i^eajp]h %Xqmqappa ap ]h) /--1&+ Qac� jPk^anpokj %/--.&) uPk^anpokj uQd]s %/--0& qj]dann]ieajp] l]n]e`ajpebe_]n uar]hq]n hko neaocko lkn kn`aj `a eilknp]j_e] ao ah DKC?%D]ehqna Kk`ao ]j` Cbba_po ?j]huoeo&) ah _q]h ao ah ]j� heoeo `a hkopelko u aba_pko `a h]o nqlpqn]o+ Cop] dann]ieajp] lkoe^ehep] ar]hq]nhko neaocko u _q]jpebe_]n hko eil]_pko `a h]o nqlpqn]o `a h]o lnao]o`a peann]+

Qac� j Teoaq u ?hiae`] %/---&) h] lnej_el]h ]lhe_]_e� j `a h]ar]hq]_e� j `a neaock okj hko Nh]jao `a ?__e� j l]n] Ciancaj_e]o%N?C&) mqa okj atece`ko aj renpq` `ah jerah `a neaock mqa h] ]_pere`]`lqa`a _]qo]n+ Qkj r]ne]o h]o _]qo]o `a h]o oepq]_ekjao `aaiancaj_e]) _kik arajpko o�oie_ko) ejqj`]_ekjao) ankoe� j)dqj`eieajpko) o]pqn]_e� j) cneap]o) bqc]o `a ]cq]) behpn]_e� j) bhqfko uoqie`anko) ]`ai� o `a ha_pqn] ann]`] `a hko ejopnqiajpko %Kajao_]huKen]j`]) .664&+

B5I9G>5A9H N BvID8DH

J] lnao] `a Mnqnehhk bqa ar]hq]`] ia`e]jpa h] k^oanr]_e� j `a h]pklkcn]b�] naoqhp]jpa `a hko lnk_aoko ankoerko `ao]nnkhh]`ko aj ahp]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk ia`e]jpa reoep] p� _je_] ]h hqc]n+ J] Decqn] .iqaopn] ah jerah `a lanpqn^]_e� j `ah p]hq`+ J] ]__e� j ankoer] `a h]o]cq]o mqa `ao^kn`]nkj h] _naop] `a h] lnao] lnkrk_]nkj h] ankoe� joqlanbe_e]h `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk) u h] ]__e� j `ah bhqfk oq^pann� jakcajan� ah oebkj]ieajpk lnkcnaoerk u lanoeopajpa+ J] nqlpqn] `a h]lnao] lnk`q_pk `a oebkj]ieajpk _kiajv� ] k_qnnen `qn]jpa hkolneianko iaoao `ah ]� k /-./ hk mqa _]qo� ah `ao^kn`]ieajpk lknh] _naop] u ah ikreieajpk `a i]pane]h ankoekj]`k `ah p]hq` ]cq]o]^]fk aj qj rkhqiaj aopei]`k `a 2--i0+ Qac� j ah nah]pk `alanokj]o mqa lnaoaj_e]nkj ah ]__e`ajpa) h] nqlpqn] k_qnne� aj `ko

ap]l]o+ Cj h] lneian]) dq^k `ao^kn`a _an_] `ah _ajpnk `a h] _naop])u hqack k_qnne� ah baj� iajk `a oebkj]ieajpk %� lelejc� &+ Dqana]hev]`] qj] ejola__e� j `a h] lnao] _kik l]npa `ah la`e`k `a h]Kqje_el]he`]` Beopnep]h `a Mnqnehhk) ah _q]h bqa na]hev]`k aj ah iao`a fqjek `ah /-./) `kj`a oa k^oanr� ah jerah `ah ]cq] `ah naoanrknek] /i lkn `a^]fk `a h] _naop]+ J] _]jpe`]` `a ]cq] mqa ]bhkn]^] aj`ebanajpao lqjpko `ah p]hq` `a h] lnao] lnk`q_�] qj _]q`]h `a /+1 h,o) amqer]hajpa ] /-4+1 i0,`�]+ Cj h] _kjopnq__e� j `a h] lnao] bqa_kjoe`an]`] h] _khk_]_e� j qj] cakiai^n]j] aj ah p]hq` ]cq]o]nne^] _kik ia`e`] `a lnkpa__e� j `a h]o behpn]_ekjao+ Qej ai^]nck)`aolq� o `a r]_e]n ah naoanrknek `a ]cq]) bqa _kjop]p]`k mqa h]cakiai^n]j] jk bqa okh`]`] _knna_p]iajpa ulnaoajp]^] cn]j`aodkuko aj pk`] oq atpajoe� j mqa laniepeankj h] ajpn]`] `a ]cq] ]hejpanekn `a h] lnao]+ Copa ao_aj]nek iqaopn] h] ejabe_]_e] `a aopaoeopai] _q]j`k jk oa lkoaa lanokj]h _]hebe_]`k aj h] okh`]`qn]`ah ahaiajpk+

;XVdaP )&En]`k `a `aopnq__e� j aj ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk cajan]`klkn ah � lelejc� u h] ankoe� j oqlanbe_e]h+

>]eTbcXVPRX~] VT^[~VXRP h VT^c{R]XRP

Ch aopq`ek cakh� ce_k ikopn� mqa h] lnao] aop� q^e_]`] aj qj] vkj]`a ]najeo_]o _q]n_�pe_]o _kj ejpan_]h]_ekjao bej]o `a hqpep]o `a _khkncneo _h]nk `a h] Dkni]_e� j Ad]cn]le) mqa oa hk_]hev]j aj h] i]ncaj`ana_d] a evmqean`]`ah r]hha+ J]o]najeo_]o _q]n_�pe_]ojk lnaoajp]jbn]_pqn]ieajpk _kjoe`an]^ha) hk _q]h ej`e_] mqa h] bqj`]_e� j `a h]lnao] jk lnaoajp]lnk^hai]o `a behpn]_e� j oq^pann� ja]+ Cj ah aopq`ekcakp� _je_k oa na_kha_p]nkj iqaopn]o ]hpan]`]o `a pnao _kp]o `ahp]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk %.-) .4+. u .4+5 i naola_per]iajpa&+ Akj h]oiqaopn]o oa na]hev]nkj ajo]uko `a _]n]_panev]_e� j `ah i]pane]h) ahAq]`nk . lnaoajp] h] ejbkni]_e� j k^paje`]+

2?m=;D;D 566DE23;=;525 56=2AC6D29F24@E@ >65;2?E6 ;?E6C244;p? 56 =@D >nE@5@D56 6=6>6?E@D7;?;E@D J6BF;=;3C;@ =o>;E6

), $ *)

)/ DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

Cota demuestreo

(m)

Const.Físicas

SUCSwn

(%)

Dens.Seca

(g/cm3)

GC(%)

LL IP

10 20.9 4.8 GCGM 7.2 1.432 68

17.1 22 5.3 GCGM 8.4 1.546 83

17.8 24.4 6.2 GCGM 7.9 1.617 77

7dPSa^ )&A]n]_panev]_e� j `ahi]pane]h `a h] lnao]+

Qac� j ah Aq]`nk . ah oqahk peaja qj] _h]oebe_]_e� j QSAQ `k^ha%lkoaa cn]jqhkiapn�] bej] u cnqao] ] h] rav&+ Qa aopei� mqa l]n]aop] cn]jqhkiapn�] h] lania]^ehe`]` `ah oqahk peaja qj r]hkn `a .-*

2i,o+ Dqa na]hev]`k qj ajo]uk `a_kil]_p]_e� j Nnk_pknKk`ebe_]`k`kj`a ahi]pane]h peaja qj] `ajoe`]` oa_] i� tei] `a /+../ c,_i0

uqj] dqia`]` � lpei] `a 5#) lkn _kjoecqeajpa ah oqahk aj_kjpn]`kaj h] lnao] peaja qj cn]`k `a _kil]_p]_e� j ajpna 50 u 35#+Copkor]hknao oa aj_qajpn]j iqu lkn `a^]fk `ah i�jeik lanieoe^ha) ah_q]h ao 62#+

Qa k^pqreankj iqaopn]o ej]hpan]`]o `a h] _kp] .4+5 `a^e`k ] h] _eanp]dkikcajae`]` `ah p]hq`+ Dqankj afa_qp]`ko pnao ajo]uko pne]te]haou pnao ajo]uko `a _knpa `ena_pk _kj h]o iqaopn]o ej]hpan]`]o+ Jkonaoqhp]`ko lkn hko `ko i� pk`ko `apaniej]nkj mqa ah oqahklnaoajp]^] qj] _kdaoe� j aba_per] uqj � jcqhk `a bne__e� j lnkia`ek`a /+0 c,_i0 u .4� naola_per]iajpa+

G9HJAI58DH

5]z[XbXb ST U[dY^ T] T[ X]cTaX^a ST [P _aTbP

Ch ]j� heoeo `a bhqfk oa na]hev� ailha]j`k ah i� pk`k `a ahaiajpkobejepko `ah okbps]na QJGBC 3+- aj ah _q]h bqa ja_ao]nek ejpnk`q_en h]

cakiapn�] `a h] lnao] u hko l]n� iapnko de`n� qhe_ko fqjp]iajpa _kjh]o _kj`e_ekjao `a bnkjpan]+ J] _kj`e_e� j `a bnkjpan] ]oqie`] bqa� bhqfk aop]_ekj]nek� ah _q]h ao _ki� jiajpa ailha]`k aj h]ar]hq]_e� j `a lnao]o aj h] ejcajean�] ln� _pe_] %Anqv) .663&+Gje_e]hiajpa oa ]oqie� mqa h] lnao] lkoa�] qj j� _hak `a i]pane]hbejk %]n_ehh]& aj ah _ajpnk `a oq _qanlk) u] mqa oq qok aoej`eolajo]^ha l]n] _kjpnkh]n ah cn]`eajpa i� teik uah _]q`]h aj h]lnao]) ]oqieaj`k `e_d] del� paoeo bqa eilkoe^ha k^pajan qj jerahbna� pe_k p]j ahar]`k _kik ah k^oanr]`k aj _]ilk %.1i `ao`a h]^]oa `a h] lnao]&+ Nkn kpnk h]`k) nareo]j`k hko nalknpao `a h]_kjopnq__e� j jk oa aj_kjpn� ej`e_eko `a d]^an oe`k `eoa� ]`k ahj� _hak+ Nkn _kjoecqeajpa) h] lnao] bqa ik`ah]`] dkikc� ja] %oejj� _hak& u _kjoe`an]j`k h] lania]^ehe`]` `ah oqahk `a .-*2 i,o aj ahafa ranpe_]h udknevkjp]h+ Akik naoqhp]`k ah jerah bna� pe_k oq^e� ] hko.-i `a h] lnao]) hk mqa jk _knnaolkj`�] ] hk k^oanr]`k aj _]ilkjqar]iajpa+ Ch da_dk `a mqa ah jerah bna� pe_k oa aj_kjpn]^] ] _]oe.1i `a h] ^]oa `a h] lnao] ej`e_] mqa h] lania]^ehe`]` dknevkjp]han] i]ukn mqa h] ranpe_]h+ Ka`e]jpa qj ]j� heoeo lkn pajp]per]o oak^pqrk mqa h] lania]^ehe`]` dknevkjp]h an] 2 ra_ao i]ukn mqa h]ranpe_]h hk mqa ej`e_] qj] ^]f] _]he`]` `a _kil]_p]_e� j `ahi]pane]h`a _]jpan] qpehev]`k aj h] _kjbkni]_e� j `a h] lnao]+ ?h _kjoe`an]naop] _knna__e� j) ah jerah bna� pe_k `ah ik`ahk ecq]h� h] _kp] `ah jerahbna� pe_k na]h+ J] Decqn] / lnaoajp] ah ik`ah]fa aj QJGBC 3+-ikopn]j`k h]o h�ja]o amqelkpaj_e]hao %aj _khknao cn]`q]hao&) h]oh�ja]o `a bhqfk %h�ja]o ]vqhao& u ah jerah bna� pe_k %h�ja] l� nlqn]&+ J]_]nc] `a ]cq] ao .6i _kik bqa k^oanr]`] aj h] reoep] p� _je_] u h]`eopne^q_e� j `a h] _]nc] de`n� qhe_] ao _kjpejq] ] hk h]nck `a h] lnao]u] mqa jk lkoaa ahaiajpko `a _kjpnkh u iejeiev]_e� j `ah aba_pk `ahcn]`eajpa+

;XVdaP *&?j� heoeo `a bhqfk ia`e]jpa ah i� pk`k `a ahaiajpko bejepko aj h] lnao] Fq]_kpk+

6]L^XZ 4L]YP]Z 4L]YP]Z %8ZYdLWZ 4L]YP]Z 8`dXrY

), $ *)

)0DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

5]z[XbXb ST TbcPQX[XSPS ST[ cP[dS PVdPb PQPY^ ST [P _aTbP

Ch ]j� heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` _kjoe`an� ah ]j� heoeo `a bhqfk l]n] k^pajanh]o lnaoekjao `a ]cq] aj ah oqahk+ Ch ]j� heoeo ao na]hev]`k aj ahp]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk u] mqa ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]nne^] aop� okiape`k ] h]_]nc] `a ]cq] `ah naoanrknek mqa ]_p� ] _kik qj] napaj_e� j `ahikreieajpk _ej� pe_k+ Dqankj _kjoe`an]`ko hko l]n� iapnko `anaoeopaj_e] `ah oqahk k^paje`k aj hko ajo]uko pne]te]hao u `a _knpa`ena_pk+ Qa na]hev� ah ]j� heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` ailha]j`k ah i� pk`k`a @eodkl Qeilhebe_]`k u H]j^q Qeilhebe_]`k+

J] Decqn] 0 lnaoajp]ah ]j� heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]`lkn @eodkl Kk ebe_]`kl]n] h] lnao]+ Ch D]_pkn `a Qacqne`]` %DQ& ao -+6/6 u h] oqlanbe_ea`a nqlpqn] eje_e] `ao`a ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]nne^]) ok^nal]o] h] _naop] unkila aj ah lea `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk+ Ch DQ k^paje`k lkn H]j^qbqa -+53.) aj bqj_e� j ] mqa h] lnao] ao dkikc� ja] u h] nqlpqn] ao_en_qh]n) K]oo]` %/-.-& _kjoe`an] i� o lna_eok ah DQ k^paje`k lkn@eodkl+ J]o h�ja]o nkf]o) ]i]nehh]o u ran`ao okj oqlanbe_eao `anqlpqn] _kj DQ iajkn ] .+2) r]hkn mqa ao ahi�jeik lanieoe^ha l]n]_kjoe`an]n oacqn] h] k^n] oac� j h]o jkni]o lanq]j]o+ Jko _�n_qhko`eolanoko aj ah h]`k `ana_dk oqlanekn `a h] becqn] nalnaoajp]j hko_ajpnko `a nkp]_e� j `a h]o oqlanbe_eao `a nqlpqn] lnaoajp]`]o+ J]ejaop]^ehe`]` `a h] k^n] ao ejiejajpa+

;XVdaP +&?j� heoeo aop� pe_k `a aop]^ehe`]` `a p]hq`ao lkn ah i� pk`k `a @eodkl Qeilhebe_]`k aj h] lnao] Fq]_kpk+

8>H7JH>xC

7^]bXSTaPRX~] ST [Pb _aTbX^]Tb ST PVdP

Ch aba_pk `ah ej_naiajpk `a h]o lnaoekjao `a ]cq] lqa`a oan]j]hev]`k k^oanr]j`k h]o bqanv]o ]_pq]jpao aj qj] `krah]lanpaja_eajpa ] h] oqlanbe_ea `a nqlpqn] _n�pe_]+ J] oqlanbe_ea `anqlpqn] _n�pe_] `a h] lnao] bqa `ere`e`] aj /2 `krah]o) _]`] _q]hlkoaa qj oeopai] `a bqanv]o+ J] `krah] .0 peaja h] lnaoe� j `a ]cq]i]ukn `a pk`] h] oqlanbe_ea `a nqlpqn] mqa ao ecq]h ] 40+4 gN]) lknkpnk h]`k h] pajoe� j aba_per] ao 62+5 gN]+ J] lnaoe� j aba_per] ao h]naolkjo]^ha `a oklknp]n h]o _]nc]o ]lhe_]`]o _kik ao ah laok `ah] `krah] `a 0-1+6 gL+ Qe qj j� _hak u qj oeopai] `a behpnko dq^ean]joe`k lnkua_p]`ko aj h] lnao] jk ateopen�] lnaoe� j `a ]cq] aj aopa`krah]) lkn hk p]jpk h] lnaoe� j aba_per] oane] `a .36+2 gN] mqanalnaoajp] _]oe ah `k^ha `ah r]hkn na]h+

9bcPQX[XSPS ST [P _aTbP R^]bXSTaP]S^ \TSXSPb R^aaTRcXePb

Cj bqj_e� j `a hk atlnao]`k ]jpanekniajpa h] okhq_e� j i� o _knna_p]oane] ej_hqen ah oeopai] `a j� _hak u behpnko aj h] lnao] l]n] aheiej]n

h] lnaoe� j `a ]cq]) lank `a^e`k ] mqa aopk eilhe_]n�] rkhran ]_kjopnqen h] lnao] h] okhq_e� j ao ejre]^ha+ Nkn hk p]jpk h] ia`e`]_knna_per] oa _ajpn] aj qo]n qj ajnk_]`k aj ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk ah_q]h bqj_ekj] _kik qj behpnk ejranpe`k mqa _kjpnkh] ah cn]`eajpade`n� qhe_k na`q_e� j`khk) l]n] mqa jk ankoekja h] l]na` `ah p]hq`%Ukhha) .655&+ J] Decqn] 1 iqaopn] ah _� h_qhk `a aop]^ehe`]` _kj ahajnk_]`k ia`e]jpa@eodkl oeilhebe_]`kia`e]jpa ah]j� heoeo loaq`k*aop� pe_k afa_qp]`k _kjoe`an]j`k qj _kabe_eajpa o�oie_k `a -+.`a^e`k ] h] vkj] `a aopq`ek) _kik naoqhp]`k) ah DQao .+-2/+ N]n]ah ieoik _]ok ah DQao .+0/6 _q]j`k ah ]j� heoeo ao aop� pe_k+

Akjoe`an]n qj _kabe_eajpa o�oie_k ej_naiajp] h]o oqlanbe_eao `anqlpqn] u aop]o oa atpeaj`aj d]op] h] iep]` `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]nne^]+Akj h]o ia`e`]o _knna_per]o ]i^ko ]j� heoeo %aop� pe_k u laoaq`k*aop� pe_k& k^pqreankj qj DQ oqlanekn ] . lank jk oqlanekn ] .+2 ah_q]h ao ja_ao]nek l]n] re]^ehev]n h] k^n]+ Copko naoqhp]`ko okjlnk`q_pko `a qpehev]n qj ajnk_]`k `a ./i `a ]j_dk aj h] ^]oa `a h]lnao]) hk mqa nalnaoajp] qj] okhq_e� j iqu_kopko] ujk ]h_]jv] ahDQi�jeik namqane`k+

2?m=;D;D 566DE23;=;525 56=2AC6D29F24@E@ >65;2?E6 ;?E6C244;p? 56 =@D >nE@5@D56 6=6>6?E@D7;?;E@D J6BF;=;3C;@ =o>;E6

), $ *)

*' DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

;XVdaP ,&?j� heoeo loaq`k*aop� pe_k `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk `a h] lnao] Fq]_kpk _kj ia`e`]o _knna_per]o _kj ah i� pk`k `a @eodkl Qeilhebe_]`k+

Ea^Q[T\Pb VT]TaPS^b _^a X]TUXRXT]RXP T] T[ \^]Xc^aT^

J] k^n] _knna_per] ja_ao]ne] l]n] aop]^ehev]n h] k^n] jk lnaoajp]re]^ehe`]` lkn hk _q]h h] na_kiaj`]_e� j na]hev]`] ] h] Kqje_el]he`]`Beopnep]h `a Mnqnehhk bqa `a `naj]n ah naoanrknek ulkopanekniajpa napen]nahi]pane]h `a h] lnao]+ Ba^e`k ] h] na_kiaj`]_e� j na]hev]`] _]^a]j]hev]n h]o _]qo]o mqa hhar]nkj ] h] ejabe_eaj_e] aop] k^n]+

Akik bqa iaj_ekj]`k aj ah �pai .+2) ah ikjepknak ao _nq_e]h l]n]ah � tepk `a qj] k^n] cakp� _je_]+ Dqa _kjop]p]`k `a mqa hkonaolkjo]^hao `ah lnkua_pk jk na]hev]nkj _kjpnkh ]hcqjk `qn]jpa u`aolq� o `a h] _kjopnq__e� j `a h] lnao]) hk _q]h ej_naiajp� ah neaock`a _kh]lok+ Lk oa _kjopnquankj ah j� _hak je hko behpnko) h] naoeopaj_e]`ah oqahk bqa ^]f] u h] _kil]_p]_e� j _na� qj] lania]^ehe`]`lnabanaj_e]h dknevkjp]h mqa b]_ehep� h] oq^e`] `ah jerah bna� pe_k+ J]b]hp] `a ikjepknak `aolq� o `a h] _kjopnq__e� j eile`e� na_kjk_an h]ankoe� j mqa oa lnk`q_�]) aopa baj� iajk ao cn]`q]h u `] peailk `a]lhe_]n ia`e`]o lnarajper]o _q]j`k ah baj� iajk jk aop� iqu]r]jv]`k) oej ai^]nck hko aba_pko `ah lelejc bqankj k^oanr]`kop]n`�]iajpa u oq naia`e]_e� j bqa ejokopaje^ha+

Nkn kpnk h]`k) h] k^n] lkoa�] qj N?C %Nh]j `a ?__e� j l]n]Ciancaj_e]o& lank jk lq`koan ]lhe_]`k ]`a_q]`]iajpa lqao � opabqj_ekj] `a ]_qan`k ] h] k^oanr]_e� j `a hko neaocko lnaoajpao ajh]o k^n]o cn]_e]o ]hikjepknak+ Jko aba_pko _ki^ej]`ko nalnaoajp]jah ]^]j`kjk `a h] k^n] mqa pqrk qj _kopk oqlanekn ] hko 4 iehhkjao`a jqarko okhao) h] _q]h bqa lnkua_p]`] l]n] 0- ]� ko lank mqalnaoajp� oaran]o b]hh]o ] hko 0 ]� ko `a _kjopnqe`]+

E^]STaPRX~] ST [Pb RPaT]RXPb _aTbT]cPSPb T] [P ^QaP

J] Decqn] 2 iqaopn] ah ]j� heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` `a qj ao_aj]nekdelkp� pe_k`kj`a h] _kjopnq__e� j `ah j� _hak dq^ean] oe`k _kjoe`an]`]lank h] ^]f] _]he`]` `ahi]pane]h `a _]jpan] ao i]jpaje`]+ Jko ^]fkol]n� iapnko `a naoeopaj_e] u h] cn]jqhkiapn�] ej]`a_q]`] okjlnk hai]o nah]_ekj]`ko ]h ^]fk _kjpnkh `a_]he`]`aj h] _kjopnq__e� j+Ch DQk^paje`k aj ah ]j� heoeo ao .+0/2) oa k^oanr] mqa ah jerah bna� pe_k%h�ja] l� nlqn]& ao _kj`q_e`k lkn `a^]fk `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fkcn]_e]o ]h j� _hak+ J] pajoe� j aba_per] ao _]oe ah `k^ha `a h] `ah _]okna]h _kik bqa atlhe_]`k aj ah �pai 1+. lank ]� j _kj aopa ej_naiajpkh] ^]f] naoeopaj_e] `ah oqahk %_kdaoe� j u � jcqhk `a bne__e� j& jklaniepa mqa h] k^n] oa] re]^ha lqao ah DQ jk oqlan] .+2+

6]L^XZ 4L]YP]Z 4L]YP]Z %8ZYdLWZ 4L]YP]Z 8`dXrY

), $ *)

*(DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

;XVdaP -& ?j� heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` lkn ahi� pk`k `a @eodkl Qeilhebe_]`k _kjoe`an]j`k j� _hak delkp� pe_k+

7DC7AJH>DC9H

J] lnao] `a Mnqnehhk jk lkoa�] qj j� _hak _ajpn]h je `naj]fao) k^n]obqj`]iajp]hao l]n] _kjpnkh]n ah bhqfk aj ah ejpanekn `ah _qanlk lkn hk_q]h bqa okiape`] ] qj lnk_aok _kjop]jpa `a lelejc mqa lnk`qfk oq`apaneknk ] okhk 0 ]� ko `a bqj_ekj]ieajpk+

J] k^paj_e� j `a iqaopn]o `ah oqahk are`aj_e� mqa oq _kil]_p]_e� jbqa `abe_eajpa h] _q]h okhk hhac� ] 43#aj lnkia`ek oeaj`k hk i�jeiknamqane`k 62#+ J] cn]jqhkiapn�] cnqao] `ah oqahk laniepe� ah l]ok`ah bhqfk `a ]cq] hk mqa cajan� ok_]r]_e� j aj ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk+

Ch ]j� heoeo `a bhqfk ailha]j`k ahaiajpko bejepko _kj ah okbps]naBGNQ 3+- `apaniej� mqa h] lania]^ehe`]` dknevkjp]h an] 2 ra_aoi]ukn ] h] ranpe_]h) hk mqa lnk`qfk mqa ah jerah bna� pe_k oa q^e_]n] ].1i `a h] ^]oa `a h] lnao]+

Ch ]j� heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk qo]j`k ah okbps]naQJGBC3+- `aikopn� mqa ah DQ an] -+6/6 %@eodkl Qeilhebe_]`k& mqaej`e_]ah ejiejajpa _kh]lok `a h]k^n]+ J] k^paj_e� j `ah DQia`e]jpa@eodkl Qeilhebe_]`koa ikopn� i� o ]`a_q]`k l]n] ah _]ok aopq`e]`kmqa ah DQ k^paje`k lkn H]j^q Qeilhebe_]`k+

J] ]lhe_]_e� j `ah ajnk_]`k _kik ia`e`] _knna_per] jk oa ikopn�oqbe_eajpa l]n] iafkn]n h] aop]^ehe`]` `a h] lnao]+ Ch DQaj ah ]j� heoeoaop� pe_k u loaq`k*aop� pe_k bqa `a .+0/6 u .+-2/ naola_per]iajpa+Ba^e`k ] aopk) h] � je_] okhq_e� j lnklqaop] l]n] arep]n qj `ao]opnabqa `naj]n ah naoanrknek u lkopanekniajpa napen]n ah i]pane]h_kjbkni]jpa `a h] lnao]+

?j]hev]j`k ah _]ok delkp� pe_k `a mqa h] lnao] pajc] qj j� _hak oak^oanr� mqa h] ^]f] _]he`]` `ah oqahk qo]`k aj h] _kjbkni]_e� j `ah] k^n] jk laniepa k^pajan qj DQ`a lkn hk iajko .+2) nabknv]j`k h]ja_aoe`]` `a napen]n h] k^n]+

Ch ailhak _ki^ej]`k `a hko i� pk`ko `a ahaiajpko bejepko uamqehe^nek h�iepa oa d] ikopn]`k abe_eajpa l]n] aopq`e]n _]okoln� _pe_ko) laniepeaj`k ]j]hev]n pk`]o h]o r]ne]^hao ejrkhq_n]`]o ajh] ejaop]^ehe`]` u^nej`]n h]o okhq_ekjao i� o ]`a_q]`]o ]h lnk hai]+

6>6A>D<G5;w5

@GQFMN) ?+U+ %.622&+ Rda Soa kb ohel _en_hao ej pda op]^ehepu ]j]huoeokb ohklao+ Gj7 Eakpa_djemqa) r+2) j+.) l+ 4.4+

AMLQRPSARSP?Q?LR? PMQ? CGPJ %/--4&+ Ctla`eajpa p� _je_keje_e]h `a h] lnao] Fq]_kpk+ 20/l+

APSX) N+ R+ %.663&+ .-- @]nn]cajo @n]oehaen]o A]oko Feop� ne_koK]pane]eo `a Akjopnq� � k Nnkfapk+ Mbe_ej] `a Ratpko) Q� kN]qhk) 315l+

B?Q) @+K+ %/--.&+ Dqj`]iajpko `a Gjcajean�] `a Eakpa_je]+ C`+Qlnejcan+ 1/3l+

DCJJCLGSQ) U+ %.603&+ Qsa`aj A]h_qh]pekj kb pda Qp]^ehepu kbC]npdB]io+ Gj7 Qa_kj` Akjcnaoo kj J]nca B]io+

H?L@S) L+ %.621&+ ?llhe_]pekj kb Akilkoepa Qhel Qqnb]_ao bknQp]^ehepu ?j]huoeo+ C`+ P]cj]n Jkpd+) ./1l+

K?QQ?B) D+ %/-.-&+ M^n]o `a pann]+ Mbe_ej] `a Ratpko Q� k N]qhk)@n]oeh) /52l+

KCLCQA?J8KGP?LB? %.664&+ Nh]jk `a ]� � ao aiancaj_e]eo l]n]^]nn]cajo+ VGG Qaiej� nek L]_ekj]h `a Pa_qnoko F� ne_ko+Tep� ne]) Colenepk Q]jpk) /.4/0-+

P?BF?IPGQFL?L) L %.645&+ Dhks japo ]j` _kilqpan okhqpekjo pkoaal]ca lnk^haio+ Qaiej]n kj Akjopnq_pekj Bas]panejc

2?m=;D;D 566DE23;=;525 56=2AC6D29F24@E@ >65;2?E6 ;?E6C244;p? 56 =@D >nE@5@D56 6=6>6?E@D7;?;E@D J6BF;=;3C;@ =o>;E6

), $ *)

*) DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

]j` Nnaooqna Paheab) S+ Q+ ?niu Cjcejaan U]pans]uoCtlaneiajp Qp]pekj) KQ 06.5--30.+

PM@CPRQML ?+ K+ %/--.&+ ?q`epkn�] a nareo� k l]n] aop]^ehe`]`a`a hkjck ln]vk `a ^]nn]cajo `a nafaepko+

PM@CPRQML) ?+K+8 QF?U) Q+ %/--0&+ Peog i]j]caiajp bkn i]fkncakpa_dje_]h opnq_pqnao kj iejao+ Gj7 Nnk_aa`ejco kb_kilqpan ]llhe_]pekjo ej pda iejan]h ej`qopneao %A?KG&8A]hc]nu)?h^anp]) A]j]`]+

PMAQAGCLAC GLA+ %/--0&+ Qhe`a /B heiep amqehe^neqi ohkla op]^ehepubkn okeh ]j` nk_g ohklao qoanzo cqe`a+ /-4l+

RCPX?ESG) I+8 NCAI) P+ %.640&+ Qkeh ia_d]je_o ej ajcejaanejcln]_pe_a) C`+ Uehau Qkjo+ 4/6l+

QCCB F+@+8 K?PRGL E+P+ %.633&+ Rda Qaeoie_ Akabbe_eajp ej C]npdB]i Baoecj+ Hkqnj]h kb pda QkehKa_d]je_o ]j` Dkqj`]pekjBereoekj) ?QAC) Tkh+ 6/ QK0) /225+

TGQCS) R+8 ?JKCGB?) ?+@+ %/---&+ Nh]jk `a aianc� j_e] ejpanjk `a^]nn]cajo+ 2� Akjcnaook `] � cq]+ Jeo^k]) Nknpqc]h+

UMJJC) A+K+ %.655&+?j� heoa `a ao_knnac]iajpko pn]joh]_ekj]eojqi] nace� k `] Qann] `k K]n jk _kjpatpk `a qi]_h]ooebe_]� � k `a ia_]jeoiko `a ejop]^ehev]� � k `a aj_kop]o+Q� k N]qhk) Raoeo `a `k_pkn]`k { CNSQN) 20-l+

XSOSCRRC) J+T+8 NCHML) M+8 Q?LRMQ AMJJ?PCQ H+O+ %/--1&+J]j` `acn]`]pekj ]ooaooaiajp ^]oa` kj ajrenkjiajp]hcakej`e_]pkno ej pda Dknp]hav] iapnklkhep]j nacekj) op]pa kbAa]n� ) @n]veh+ Cjrenkiajp]h Eakhkcu+ 127 1-51/2+

CDI52 AP QXQ[X^VaPU|P UdT aTP[XiPSP dbP]S^ T[ \{c^S^ 5E5$ [PRdP[ Tb [P \zb dbPSP T] T[ zaTP ST X]VT]XTa|P&

6]L^XZ 4L]YP]Z 4L]YP]Z %8ZYdLWZ 4L]YP]Z 8`dXrY

), $ *)