A Project ReportOn

“HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM”

Under the Guidance ofMr.Balvir Singh

RAJASTHAN ELECTRONICS ANDINSTRUMENTS LIMITED

ByRamkrishan Dudi

121060666th semester,B.tech

Instrumentation and Control Engineering

Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandhar, Punjab

India- 144011

Undertaken atRAJASTHAN ELECTRONICS ANDINSTRUMENTS LIMITED JAIPUR

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LIST OF CONTENTS1. PREFEACE

2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

3. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ORGANISATION ORGANISATION PROFILE MISSION, VISION AND CULTURE HISTORY PRODUCTS

4. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

5. SOLAR ENERGY INTRODUCTION SOLAR POWER PLANT

6. WIND ENRERGY INTRODUCTION WIND TURBINE

7. HYBRID WIND-SOLAR POWER PLANT

8.

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PREFACEREIL India Limited basically deals with Agro-Diary sector, Solar Photovoltaic Cell.

Adherence to high quality standards and the people development.

REIL has been able to set standards of excellence in the industry, while delivering products that exceed customer expectations on time, thereby earning the respects of its customers worldwide.

This summer project aims at studying the HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM

under the guidance of Mr. Balvir Singh.

Mr. Neeraj Saxena

Branch Manager (Jaipur)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is good to grab the knowledge. It is very good to utilize the knowledge in doing the works, which are handful, and advantageous for mankind and it is excellent thing to provide the knowledge to your followers so that they could also serve mankind in the same way. Knowing the above facts I have come to REIL, Jaipur so that I can put my knowledge on a right track with the experiences of all the senior persons of the company.

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to all the people who provided me great support and guidance throughout the course of my summer internship program.

I also take this opportunity to express my sincere and deepest sense of gratitude towards all the staff members of Jaipur Branch specially Mr. Balvir Singh without the supervision of whom, it would not have been possible for me to have such a good training experience. Words cannot reflect the cooperation; assistance and encouragement given by the members and my friends who at one time or the other assisted me in completing the project. Finally I would like to thank Mr. Neeraj Saxena for providing me this good opportunity to work, learn in REIL family.

Ramkrishan DudiNIT JALANDHAR

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Chapter 1 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ORGANISATION

REIL INDIA LTD.

ORGANISATION PROFILE

Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd. (REIL) has a prominent place

amongst

the electronics industry of Rajasthan. The Company is a joint venture between the

Government of India & the Government of Rajasthan, through their respective

institutions. The Company was conferred the status of a "MINI RATNA" by the

Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Industry, Government of India in

1997 on account of its good all round performance and excellent products.

The Company has added another feather in its cap by establishing a Quality

Management system for its operations and has been certified as an ISO 9001 firm

w.e.f. 31st July, 1998. The area of business extends to manufacturing and marketing

of electronic products/ services in the following areas:

Agro-Diary Sector

Solar Photovoltaic Sector

Industrial Electronics Sector

Information Technology

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MISSION, VISION AND CULTURE

REIL's Mission

Improve Performance : REIL helps customers improve their operating performance, grid reliability and productivity whilst saving energy and lowering environmental impact.

Drive Innovation: Innovation and quality are key characteristics of our product, systems and service offering.

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Attract Talent: REIL is committed to attracting and retaining dedicated and skilled people and offering employees an attractive.

Act Responsibly: Sustainability, lowering environmental impact and business ethics are at the core of our market offering and our own operations.

REIL's Vision

As one of the world’s leading engineering companies, we help our customers to use solar power efficiently, to increase industrial productivity and to lower environmental impact in a sustainable way. Power and productivity for a better world

REIL’s CultureGood leaders are characterized by competence, ambition and integrityAll three ensure that we create value by fulfilling our commitments to our customers, our employees and the communities and societies in which we operate, acting in accordance with sound corporate values.

HISTORY:Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd. (REIL) has a prominent place

amongst the electronics industry of Rajasthan. The Company is a joint venture

between the Government of India & the Government of Rajasthan, through their

respective institutions. The Company was conferred the status of a "MINI

RATNA" by the Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Industry,

Government of India in 1997 on account of its good all round performance and

excellent products. The Company has added another feather in its cap by

establishing a Quality Management system for its operations and has been

certified as an ISO 9001 firm w.e.f. 31st July, 1998.

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REIL PRODUCTS:

AGRO DAIRY: The Electronics Division kicked off its operations in 1981, --the

year of formation of the Company -- and has notched up many credits in the last

three decades.

The operations started with the Electronic Milk Tester, under technical

collaboration with A/S Foss Electric of Denmark, and assembly of Electronic Milk

Tester (EMT) in SKD form, from kits supplied by the collaborator, initially.

The Company has rapidly absorbed and assimilated the technology, successfully

indigenised the product, and in response to customer requirements, designed it on

micro-controller technology to suit the needs of the Indian customers. Thus, the

auto-zero EMT was introduced in the market in the year 1990.

The Company has also successfully integrated the products into a more versatile

system, developed in-house through it own development efforts, called the Milk

Collection Station.

SPV MODULES: Company entered into the Solar Photovoltaic industry in 1985.

It started its operations by setting up a manufacturing facility for SPV modules and

has expanded its area of operations through manufacture of Balance of Systems for

a large number of applications, utilizing its electronics product manufacturing

facility. The Company products are a result of its own in-house development

efforts. The Company has a capacity of 2 MW per year on single shift basis.

The Company has a capacity to manufacture over 2MW peak capacity

modules/year in a single shift with the flexibility of round the clock operations.

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The manufacturing department has machines including string layout machines,

module laminators and soldering systems for producing modules conforming to

International standards.

CHAPTER 2OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

OBJECTIVE

To generate continuous power from wind and solar energy. (Day and

night). This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load

separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy

sources.

Thermal power plant uses more than wind and solar power plant due to

it have 40-46% efficiency but solar plant have efficiency about 17%

which is half as compare to thermal power plant. To enhance the

efficiency of solar power plant with the use of wind power plant.

To switch from non –renewable energy to renewable energy by which

the pollution reduces.

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CHAPTER 3 SOLAR ENERGY

INTRODUCTION

Solar Energy was invented many years back with a piece of shiny metal which can reflect sunrays, it satisfied the basic need of cooking and heating in ancient days.

In modern days it is being used in many ways by converting the solar energy to electrical energy with a Solar Panel

After passing through the Earth's atmosphere, most of the Sun's energy is

in the form of visible light and infrared light radiation. Plants convert the

energy in sunlight into chemical energy (sugars and starches) through the

process of photosynthesis. Humans regularly use this store of energy in

various ways, as when they burn wood or fossil fuels, or when

simply eating plants, fish and animals.

Solar radiation reaches the Earth's upper Earth's atmosphere with the

power of 1366 watts per square meter (W/m2). Since the Earth is round,

the surface nearer its poles is angled away from the Sun and receives much

less solar energy than the surface nearer the equator.

At present, solar cell panels convert, at best, about 15% of sunlight hitting

them into electricity.[1] The dark disks in the third diagram on the right are

imaginary examples of the amount of land that, if covered with 8% efficient

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solar panels, would produce slightly more energy in the form of electricity

than the world needed in 2003

Solar energy is used today in a number of ways:

As heat for making hot water, heating buildings, and cooking

To generate electricity with solar cells or heat engines

To take the salt away from seawater.

Solar power plantsSolar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either

directly using photovoltaic (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar

power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and

tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic

converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. The largest

photovoltaic power plant in the world is the 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project

in Arizona.

Concentrated solar power plants first appeared in the 1980s. Now, the 354

MW Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) CSP installation is the largest solar

power plant in the world; it is located in the Mojave Desert, California. Other

large CSP plants include the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW, 250 MW when

finished)[3] and the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), both in Spain.

Solar power is the power of the future.

Here we use solar plant using photovoltaic.

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Photovoltaic (PVs) are arrays of cells containing a solar photovoltaic material that

converts solar radiation or energy from the sun into direct current electricity. Due

to the growing demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacturing of solar

cells and photovoltaic arrays has advanced considerably in recent years, and costs

have dropped.

Solar photovoltaic is growing rapidly, from a small base, to a total global capacity

of 130,000 MW at the end of 2013. More than 100 countries use solar PV.

Installations may be ground-mounted (and sometimes integrated with farming

and grazing) or built into the roof or walls of a building.

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Solar power plant

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CHAPTER 4 WIND ENERGY

INTRODUCTION

Wind power is extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce

mechanical or electrical power. Windmills are used for their mechanical

power, wind pumps for water pumping, and sails to propel ships. Wind power as

an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean,

produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, and uses little land. The

net effects are far less problematic than those of non-renewable power sources.

Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines which are connected to

the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source

of electricity, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal, gas or fossil

fuel plants. Offshore wind is steadier and stronger than on land, and offshore

farms have less visual impact, but construction and maintenance costs are

considerably higher. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy into the grid

or provide electricity to isolated off-grid locations.

Wind power is very consistent from year to year but has significant variation over

shorter time scales. It is therefore used in conjunction with other electric power

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sources to give a reliable supply. As the proportion of wind power in a region

increases, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant

conventional production can occur. Power management techniques such as

having excess capacity, geographically distributed turbines, dispatch able backing

sources, sufficient hydroelectric power, exporting and importing power to

neighbouring areas, using vehicle-to-grid strategies or reducing demand when

wind production is low, can in many cases overcome these problems. In

addition, weather forecasting permits the electricity network to be readied for

the predictable variations in production that occur.

As of 2014, Denmark has been generating around 40% of its electricity from

wind, and at least 83 other countries around the world are using wind power to

supply their electricity grids. Wind power capacity has expanded to 369,553 MW

by December 2014, and total wind energy production is growing rapidly and has

reached around 4% of worldwide electricity usage.

WIND TURBINE:A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into

electrical power. The term appears to have migrated from parallel hydroelectric

technology (rotary propeller). The technical description for this type of machine is

an aerofoil-powered generator.

The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern

engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of vertical

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and horizontal axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as

battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic

warning signs. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making contributions to a

domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via

the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming an

increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used by many

countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.

WIND TURBINE

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CHAPTER 5 HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM

Why We Required? Low operating cost

Easy to charge

power quality

Efficiency increase

APPLICATION Distributed Generation Applications, Constant Speed and Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems, Photovoltaic Energy System.

CONSTRUCTION

1. MATERIAL USED- Solar panel Wind turbine Battery Solar Charge controller Wind Charge controller Invertor

Solar Panel-

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Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of

energy for generating electricity or heating.

A PV module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6×10 solar cells. Solar

PV panels constitute the solar array of a photovoltaic system that generates and

supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module

is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically

ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The efficiency of a module determines the area of a

module given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230 watt module will have

twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module. There are a few solar panels

available that are exceeding 19% efficiency.

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Solar energy emitted by sun. Then it is captured by solar panel. A charge

controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to

keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming

from the solar panels going to the battery. After this we can store power in

battery (DC power).DC power can be converted into AC power using invertor.

WIND TURBINE

A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power. The term appears to have migrated from parallel hydroelectric technology (rotary propeller).

DIAGRAM OF TOP VIEW OF WIND TURBINE

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Solar charge controller

A charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery. Most "12 volt" panels put out about 16 to 20 volts, so if there is no regulation the batteries will be damaged from overcharging. Most batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get fully charged.

WIND CHARGE CONTROLLER

To store the energy generated by the wind turbine need a converter to adjust the

generator voltage to the battery voltage. The alternating voltage is generated

phase, and the battery voltage is continuous, so that converter is necessary. The

converter can be constructed only with a diode rectifier bridge, which rectifies

voltage. The rectified voltage value is variable, depending on the speed of the

wind turbine, only a diode rectifier is sufficient to charge the batteries, but they

impose its voltage, so also impose a rotational speed of the turbine, significantly

decreasing performance.

Battery

It is used to store the energy in the form of dc power. So that we can utilise power

whenever required. It is basically electrolytic battery.

Invertor

Use to convert the dc power to ac power

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:

ADVANTAGE:

Eco-friendly in nature. Low maintenance. Solar system only utilised in day .By implanting with wind turbine it can

work in night. Renewable source of energy. Efficiency increase.

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