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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCLUSAL ALTERATIONS AND HABITSDELETERIOUS IN PEOPLE WITH DOWN SYNDROME

Introduction: Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is the most common

autosomal congenital anomaly, and the most common cause of mental

retardation. Orofacial structures and stomatognathic system functions are often

affected due to hypotonic variations which patients present, that associated

with deleterious habits, explain the high level of occlusal disorders. This study

aimed to determine the prevalence of occlusal abnormalities in a group of

patients with Down syndrome, and the presence of deleterious oral habits that

may be related to these abnormalities.

Methods: For this study, we designed a protocol evaluation for oral habits and

occlusal abnormalities of people with Down syndrome. This evaluation consists

of two parts; in the first part is requested the authorization to parents or carers

of patients with Down syndrome who will answer a questionnaire of 9 multiple

choice questions, related to deleterious suction oral habits, Digital suction,

labial onicofagia and bruxism. Upon the completion of the questionnaire, the

occlusal alterations of each patient, which were recorded on photographs, willbe analyzed.

Results: As deleterious oral habits were presented lingual suction (71%),

prolonged use of the feeding bottle (57%) and onicofagia (57%), while the

alterations that were present were occlusal open bite (64%), edge to edge bite

(14%) and overbite, anterior cross bite and indeterminate (7%). It was found

that oral habits are mostly causes of anterior open bite.

Conclusion: The results show that there is an important relationship between

deleterious oral habits in the presence of occlusal disorders, being the most

prevalent the digital suction and mouth breathing, causing of anterior open bite.

Titulos de los cuadros:

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Figure 1. Prevalence of deleterious oral habits in people with Down

Syndrome

Figure 2. Percentage ofocclusal disorders in people with Down's Syndrome

Figure 3. Relationship between deleterious oral habits and occlusal disorders in people with

Down Syndrome

*** AVERIGUAR DOWN'S SYNDROME O DOWN SYNDROME ***

Figure 4. Anterior open bite

Para los cuadros:

Uso prolongado del bibern prolonged use of the feeding bottle

Succin de chupn pacifier sucking

Succin digital thumb sucking

Succin lingual

Bruxismo bruxism

Respiracin oronasal mouth breathing

Onicofagia onicofagia

MORDIDA ABIERTA ANTERIOR (MAA) Anterior open bite

MORDIDA BORDE A BORDE (MBB) edge to edge bite

SOBREMORDIDA (SM) overbite

MORDIDA CRUZADA POSTERIOR (MCP) Posterior cross bite

MORDIDA CRUZADA ANTERIOR (MCA) anterior cross bite

Indeterminado indeterminate