Otra de mecanismos.pdf

7/28/2019 Otra de mecanismos.pdf

1/43=

AKX CFHMLOXCKX2C]VOLMX FL CKUOCOFLZK,

=, OLZPKJVHHOL,

Fa sfr nucmlk lfhfsotm rfmaozmr tmrfms quf sk`rfpmsml su hmpmhojmj esohm k oltfafhtuma2 ckvfr rkhms

flkrcfs! fafvmr hkhnfs pmrm rfpmrmraks! trmlspkrtmr k`bftks k pfrsklms m grmljfs jostmlhoms! hkrtmrr`kafs! rfskavfr grml lcfrk jf kpfrmhoklfs cmtfctohms fl pkhk tofcpk! fth,

Tmrm skauhoklmr fstf prkàfcm sf olvfltmrkl ams C]VOLMX,Am eulhol jf ams cquolms fs rfjuhor fa fseufrzk lfhfsmrok pmrm rfmaozmr ul trm`mbk,

Fbfcpaks jf cquolms skl am grm! am fxhmvmjkrm! am òhohaftm! fa huhnoaak! ams polzms jf jfpoamr! aksckltmhmrgms! ams tfbfjkrms! aks krjflmjkrfs! aks rk`kts! fth, Zkjks faaks skl cquolms! y toflfl ulmeolmaojmj hkcl2 rfjuhor fa fseufrzk lfhfsmrok pmrm rfmaozmr ul trm`mbk,

LKZM2 Trhtohmcfltf humaquofr k`bftk pufjf aafgmr m hklvfrtorsf fl ulm cquolm! so sf af jm am utoaojmj mjfhumjm,Tkr fbfcpak! ulm hufstm lmturma lk fs! fl prolhopok! ulm cquolm! pfrk sf hklvofrtf fl faam humljk fa sfr nucmlk amusm pmrm fafvmr k`bftks hkl ul cflkr fseufrzk .ym quf fs cs ehoa suòr k`bftks pkr ulm hufstm quf fafvmraks mpuask/, Ak cosck suhfjf hkl ul socpaf pmak tormjk fl fa sufak2 so sf usm pmrm ckvfr magl k`bftk m ckjk jf pmamlhm!ym sf nm hklvfrtojk fl ulm cquolm,

Pmcpm .pamlk olhaolmjk/ Hum Pkjoaak

=,=,# TMPZFX JF VLM C]VOLM,

Fl gflfrma! y jf ekrcm socpaoeohmjm! sf pufjf jfhor quf tkjm cquolm fst ekrcmjm pkr 8 fafcfltksprolhopmafs2

=/ Fafcfltk cktroz2 jospksotovk quf oltrkjuhf am eufrzm k fa ckvocofltk fl am cquolm, Xufaf trmtmrsfjf ul cktkr .jf gmskaolm k fahtrohk/! jf fseufrzk cushuamr .jf ulm pfrsklm k ul mlocma/! ulmeufrzm lmturma .vofltk! hkrrofltf jf mgum jf ul rok/! fth,

0/ Cfhmlosck2 jospksotovk quf trmsamjm fa ckvocofltk jfa fafcfltk cktroz ma fafcfltk rfhfptkr,8/ Fafcfltk rfhfptkr2 rfho`f fa ckvocofltk k am eufrzm pmrm rfmaozmr am eulhol jf am cquolm .ul

fbfcpak jf fafcfltks rfhfptkrfs skl ams rufjms/,

=/ Fafcfltk cktroz2 eufrzm cushuamr jfa hohaostm sk`rf aks pfjmafs,Fbfcpak2 @OHOHAFZM 0/ Cfhmlosck2 hmjflm,

8/ Fafcfltk rfhfptkr2 rufjms


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=,0,# CFHMLOXCKX,

Zkjm cquolm hkltoflf ulk k vmroks cfhmloscks quf af sorvfl pmrm hkltrkamr k trmlsekrcmr fa ckvocofltkprkjuhojk pkr fa fafcfltk cktroz,

Aks cfhmloscks skl ams pmrtfs jf ams cquolms flhmrgmjms jf trmlscotor k trmlsekrcmr am flfrgmrfhoòjm jfa fafcfltk cktroz .ulm eufrzm k ul ckvocofltk/! pmrm quf pufjm sfr utoaozmjm pkr aks fafcfltksrfhfptkrfs quf nmhfl quf ams cquolms eulhoklfl,

Zkjk cfhmlosck jf humaquofr cquolm fstmr hkcpufstk oltfrlmcfltf pkr ulk k vmroks jospksotovksjflkcolmjms kpfrmjkrfs .pmamlhms! flgrmlmbfs! rufjms! tkrloaaks! fth,/, Tkr fbfcpak! fa cfhmlosck jfulm òhohaftm fst ekrcmjk pkr vmroks kpfrmjkrfs! hkck skl am hmjflm y aks flgrmlmbfs quf hklfhtm

.pamtks y poklfs/,

Fbfcpaks jf cfhmloscks2

Eufltf2 nttp2++www,tfhlk=0#=>,hkc+cuj+cmquolmvmpkr+cmquolmvmpkr,msp

Fa cfhmlosck oltfrlk jfa rfakb .ekrcmjk pkrvmroks flgrmlmbfs/ pfrcotf hkculohmr fackvocofltk m ams jovfrsms mgubms .nkrmrom!colutfrk/ hkl am vfakhojmj jf gork mjfhumjm,

Fa cfhmlosck jf am òhohaftm .ekrcmjk pkrhmjflm! pamtks y poklfs/ pfrcotf hkculohmram eufrzm cktroz prkpkrhoklmjm pkr fa hohaostmjfsjf aks pfjmafs! m am rufjm,

Fl ams mltogums akhkcktkrms jf vmpkr! fa ckvocofltk aolfma gflfrmjk pkr fa cktkr jf vmpkr fshklvfrtojk fl ckvocofltk horhuamr pmrm ckvfr ams rufjms jf am akhkcktkrm, Jf faak sf flhmrgm facfhmlosck aamcmjk òfam#cmlovfam, Fa cfhmlosck fst ekrcmjk pkr jks kpfrmjkrfs2 jks `mrrmsaamcmjms òfam y cmlovfam,


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=,8,# ZOTKX JF CKUOCOFLZKX,

Fl mpmrtmjks mltfrokrfs sf nm fstujomjk quf ams cquolms fcpafml cfhmloscks! huym cosol fs rfhoòr fackvocofltk jfa fafcfltk cktroz! pmrm mjmptmrak y trmlscotorak ma fafcfltk rfhfptkr,Fl ams cquolms sf pufjfl joefrflhomr aks soguofltfs topks jf ckvocofltks2

=/ Ckvocofltk aolfma .rfhtoalfk/, 0/ Ckvocofltk horhuamr .gormtkrok/,

8/ Ckvocofltk aolfma matfrlmtovk, :/ Ckvocofltk horhuamr kshoamltf,

Jfpfljofljk jfa topk jf ckvocofltk quf prkjuhf fa fafcfltk cktroz! y jfa topk jf ckvocofltk quflfhfsotm rfhoòr fa fafcfltk rfhfptkr! aks cfhmloscks jf`frl rfmaozmr ulm u ktrm eulhol,

Fbfcpaks2

Xo fa fafcfltk cktroz prkjuhf ul ckvocofltk horhuamr! y fa fafcfltk rfhfptkr lfhfsotm rfhoòr ulckvocofltk horhuamr! fa cfhmlosck sak tfljr quf trmlscotor fa ckvocofltk jfa fafcfltk cktroz mafafcfltk rfhfptkr, Fstk khurrf! pkr fbfcpak! fl am òhohaftm,

Xo fa fafcfltk cktroz prkjuhf ul ckvocofltk aolfma! y fa fafcfltk rfhfptkr lfhfsotm rfhoòr ulckvocofltk horhuamr! fa cfhmlosck jf`fr trmlsekrcmr fa ckvocofltk jf aolfma m horhuamr! ytrmlscotor jfspus johnk ckvocofltk ma rfhfptkr, Fstk khurrf! pkr fbfcpak! fl am akhkcktkrm,

=,:,# ZOTKX JF CFHMLOXCKX,

Jfpfljofljk jfa topk jf ckvocofltk jf fltrmjm y smaojm jf ulm cquolm! y pkr tmltk! jf am eulhol quf facfhmlosck rfmaozm fl am cquolm! sf pufjfl jostolguor jks hmtfgkrms jf cfhmloscks2

=, Cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol jfa ckvocofltk,0, Cfhmloscks jf trmlsekrcmhol jfa ckvocofltk,


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=, Cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol jfa ckvocofltk,Xkl aks cfhmloscks lfhfsmroks humljk fa fafcfltk cktroz y fa fafcfltk rfhfptkr prfsfltml fa cosck topkjf ckvocofltk .aolfma aolfma horhuamr horhuamr/, Aks cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol rfho`fl am flfrgm kckvocofltk jfa fafcfltk cktroz y ak trmsamjml .trmlscotfl/ ma fafcfltk rfhfptkr,Fbfcpak2 fa cfhmlosck jf trmlscosol pkr hmjflm jf am òhohaftm,

0, Cfhmloscks jf trmlsekrcmhol jf ckvocofltk,Xkl aks cfhmloscks lfhfsmroks humljk fa fafcfltk cktroz y fa fafcfltk rfhfptkr prfsfltml jostoltk topk

jf ckvocofltk .aolfma horhuamr horhuamr aolfma/, Aks cfhmloscks jf trmlsekrcmhol rfho`fl am flfrgm kckvocofltk jfa fafcfltk cktroz! trmlsekrcml fa topk jf ckvocofltk pmrm mjfhumrak ma fafcfltk rfhfptkr! yeolmacfltf ak trmlscotfl ma fafcfltk rfhfptkr,Fbfcpak2 cfhmlosck òfam#cmlovfam jf trmlsekrcmhol aolfma m horhuamr fl am akhkcktkrm jf vmpkr,

0, CFHMLOXCKX JF ZPMLXCOXOL,

Aks cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol jfa ckvocofltk lohmcfltf trmlscotfl fa ckvocofltk m ktrk pultk! soltrmlsekrcmrak, Tkr tmltk! so fa ckvocofltk fs aolfma m am fltrmjm! sfguor sofljk aolfma m am smaojm9 so fackvocofltk fs horhuamr m am fltrmjm! sfguor sofljk horhuamr m am smaojm,

Fxostfl jks topks jf cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol! sfgl fa topk jf ckvocofltk quf trmlscotfl2=/ Cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol aolfma .cquolms socpafs/,0/ Cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol horhuamr,

0,=,# CFHMLOXCKX JF ZPMLXCOXOL AOLFMA .C]VOLMX XOCTAFX/,

Ams cquolms socpafs skl mrtoaugoks cuy sflhoaaks ojfmjks fl am mltogfjmj pkr fa sfr nucmlk pmrmmnkrrmr fseufrzks m am nkrm jf rfmaozmr hofrtms tmrfms, Fstks jospksotovks sf jflkcolml cquolms socpafspkrquf sak sf hkcpklfl jf ul fafcfltk2 fa cfhmlosck jf trmlscosol aolfma,

Aks cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol aolfma .cquolms socpafs/ rfho`fl ul ckvocofltk aolfma m su fltrmjm yak trmlscotfl aolfma m su smaojm,

Ams cquolms socpafs cs ocpkrtmltfs skl2=/ Tmamlhms,0/ Tkafms,

=, Tmamlhms, Jmjcf ulm `mrrm y ul pultk jf mpkyk! y ckvfr fa culjk.Mrqucfjfs! s, OOO m,H,/,

Vlm pmamlhm fs ulm cquolm socpaf quf hklsostf fl ulm `mrrm k vmroaam rgojm quf pufjf kshoamr sk`rf ulpultk eobk jflkcolmjk euahrk k pultk jf mpkyk, Am pmamlhm sf ojf pmrm vflhfr ulm eufrzm jf rfsostflhomP mpaohmljk ulm eufrzm cktroz E cs rfjuhojm,

Ma rfmaozmr ul ckvocofltk aolfma jf `mbmjm fl ul fxtrfck jf am pmamlhm! fa ktrk fxtrfck fxpfrocfltm ulckvocofltk aolfma jf suòjm, Tkr tmltk! am pmamlhm lks sorvf pmrm trmlscotor eufrzm k ckvocofltk aolfma,

Toflsm2 Ocmgolm quf vms jf vombf fl hkhnf! pfrk sk`rf am hmrrftfrmnm hmjk ulm flkrcf rkhm .=444 Ig,/ quf ocpojf fa pmsk, Hkl am

myujm jf ul trklhk y ulm pofjrm jf mpkyk cs pfqufm! sf tfkhurrf hck pkjrms jfspfbmr fa hmcolk ckvofljk am rkhm qufk`stmhuaozm fa pmsk;


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Zopks jf pmamlhms2

=/ Tmamlhms jf procfr grmjk,Fa pultk jf mpkyk .euahrk/ sf sotm fltrf am eufrzm mpaohmjm y am rfsostflhom m vflhfr,

0/ Tmamlhms jf sfguljk grmjk,Am rfsostflhom m vflhfr sf sotm fltrf am eufrzm mpaohmjm y fa pultk jf mpkyk .euahrk/,

8/ Tmamlhms jf tfrhfr grmjk,Am eufrzm mpaohmjm sf sotm fltrf am rfsostflhom m vflhfr y fa pultk jf mpkyk .euahrk/,

Fl rfsucfl2

Afy jf am pmamlhm,Xf trmtm jf ulm fhumhol quf fxpaohm fa eulhoklmcofltk jf ulm pmamlhm,Am eufrzm mpaohmjm pkr su jostmlhom ma pultk jf mpkyk! sfr oguma m am rfsostflhom m vflhfr pkr su jostmlhomma pultk jf mpkyk,

E @E3 P @P

E2 Eufrzm mpaohmjm,

@E2 @rmzk jf eufrzm .jostmlhom eufrzm ma mpkyk/,P2 Pfsostflhom m vflhfr,

@P2 @rmzk jf rfsostflhom .jostmlhom rfsostflhom ma mpkyk/,

Fstm fxprfsol cmtfctohm toflf ulm oltfrprftmhol prhtohm cuy ocpkrtmltf2 humltk cmykr sfm amjostmlhom jf am eufrzm mpaohmjm ma pultk jf mpkyk .`rmzk jf eufrzm/! cflkr sfr fa fseufrzk m rfmaozmrpmrm vflhfr ulm jftfrcolmjm rfsostflhom, .@E E/

PE

@E @P


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Fbfcpaks2 Am eufrzm lfhfsmrom pmrm afvmltmr ulm pofjrm hkl ul pmak fs cflkr humltk cs afbks jfa pultk jf

mpkyk sf mpaohm johnm eufrzm, Ma fcpafmr ul hmshmlufhfs fs cs ehoa rkcpfr am lufz .rfsostflhom/ humltk cs afbks fbfrzmcks am

eufrzm .`rmzk jf eufrzm/,

Xf jflkcolm vfltmbm cfhlohm ma hkhofltf fltrf am rfsostflhom m vflhfr y am eufrzm m mpaohmr, Am vfltmbmcfhlohm voflf m oljohmr am rfjuhhol jf fseufrzk quf sf hklsoguf fcpafmljk ulm pmamlhm,

Pfsostflhom @rmzk jf eufrzmUfltmbm cfhlohm 3 3Eufrzm @rmzk jf rfsostflhom

Fxpfroflhom .Afy jf am pmamlhm/2 hklstruyf ulm sflhoaam pmamlhm hkl ulm rfgam .`mrrm jf am pmamlhm/ y ulapoz .pultk jf mpkyk/, Hkl johnm pmamlhm qufrfcks fafvmr ul pfsk .gkcm jf `krrmr/,

Fbfrhohok rfsufatk2Hmahuam am eufrzm quf nm`rm quf mpaohmr .E/ pmrm ckvfr ul pfsk jf 044 Ig cfjomltf ulm `mrrm mpkymjmfl ul povktf sotumjk m 0 cftrks jfa pfsk m ckvfr! y m 6 cftrks jfa pultk jf mpaohmhol jf am eufrzm,

Uojfk rfpmsk .pmamlhms/2 nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v3Z=TrBI?bkr]

E 3 ;P 3 044 Ig

@E3 6 c @P3 0 c

Xkauhol2 Mpaohmljk jorfhtmcfltf am afy jf am pmamlhm y

jfspfbmljk am eufrzm quf nmy quf mpaohmr E! sf k`toflf2E @E 3 P @P

E 3 .P @P/ + @E 3 .044 0/ + 6 3 >4 Ig

Fs jfhor! pmrm fafvmr ul pfsk jf 044 Ig! utoaozmljk ulmpmamlhm hkck am oljohmjm sak nmy quf nmhfr ulm eufrzm jf>4 Ig,

Ufltmbm cfhlohm 3 044 Ig + >4 Ig 3 0!6


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0, Tkafms Mlocmhol2 nttp2++www,rkòvfs,hkc+cfhnmloscs+puaafy

Am pkafm fs ulm rufjm hkl ulm mhmlmamjurm pkr am quf nmhf pmsmr ulm hufrjm k hmàf! y ul mgubfrk fl suhfltrk pmrm ckltmram fl ul fbf,

Vlm pkafm lks pufjf myujmr m suòr pfsks mnkrrmljk fseufrzk2 am hmrgm quf sf quofrf fafvmr sf subftm mulk jf aks fxtrfcks jf am hufrjm y jfsjf fa ktrk fxtrfck sf torm! prkvkhmljk ms fa gork jf am pkafm fltkrlk m su fbf,

Fxostfl jks topks jf pkafms2

m/ Tkafm eobm .pkafm socpaf/,

Xf trmtm jf ulm pkafm jkljf su fbf sf eobm m ul skpkrtf! cmltfloljkamolcvoa,

Lk prkpkrhoklm mnkrrk jf fseufrzk pmrm suòr ulm hmrgm .E 3 P/, Xak sfusm pmrm hmcòmr am jorfhhol k sfltojk jf am eufrzm mpaohmjm y nmhfrcs hckjk su afvmltmcofltk .pkrquf lufstrk pfsk lks myujm m tormr/,

E 3 P

`/ Tkaopmstk,M ul hklbultk jf jks k cs pkafms sf af aamcm pkaopmstk, Fa pkaopmstk fst hklstotuojk pkr jks grupks jfpkafms2 Tkafms eobms2 skl pkafms olcvoafs! pkrquf fstl subftms m ul skpkrtf, Tkafms cvoafs2 skl pkafms quf sf cufvfl,

M cfjojm quf mucfltmcks fa lcfrk jf pkafms fl ul pkaopmstk! fa cfhmlosck fs cs hkcpafbk! pfrkpfrcotf rfjuhor cuhnk cs fa fseufrzk lfhfsmrok pmrm afvmltmr ulm hmrgm, Aks pkaopmstks sf usml pmrmfafvmr hmrgms cuy pfsmjms hkl cflkr fseufrzk, Am eufrzm E quf nmy quf nmhfr pmrm afvmltmr ulm hmrgm Pvfljr jmjk pkr am soguofltf fxprfsol2

! sofljk l fa lcfrk pkafms cvoafs,


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m/ Hmahuam qu eufrzm E nmy quf rfmaozmr pmrm fafvmr am rfsostflhom P fl fa pkaopmstk jf am ozquofrjm,

`/ Hmahuam qu eufrzm E nmy quf rfmaozmr pmrm fafvmr am rfsostflhom P fl fa pkaopmstk jf am jfrfhnm,

0,0,# CFHMLOXCKX JF ZPMLXCOXOL HOPHVAMP,

Fa ckvocofltk horhuamr fs fa cs nm`otuma fl ams cquolms, Fl gflfrma! ams cquolms k`toflfl fstfckvocofltk horhuamr cfjomltf ul cktkr .fahtrohk k jf gmskaolm/, Tfrk! quol sf flhmrgm jf trmlscotor fa

ckvocofltk horhuamr jfa cktkr m ktrms pmrtfs jf am cquolm; Aks cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol horhuamr,

Fbf cktroz y fbf hkljuhojk,

Xf jflkcolm fbf cktroz .k fbf hkljuhtkr/ ma fbf ma quf fst hklfhtmjk fa cktkr jf am cquolm, Xfjflkcolm fbf hkljuhojk ma fbf hklfhtmjk ma fafcfltk rfhfptkr,

Pfamhol jf trmlscosol . o /,Am utoaojmj cs ocpkrtmltf jf aks cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol fs! mjfcs jf trmlscotor fa ckvocofltkhorhuamr jfsjf fa cktkr ma rfhfptkr! mucfltmr k rfjuhor am vfakhojmj jf gork fltrf fa fbf cktroz y fa fbfhkljuhojk,

Xf jfeolf am rfamhol jf trmlscosol . o / hkck fa hkhofltf fltrf am vfakhojmj jf gork jfa fbf hkljuhojk .L0/

y am vfakhojmj jf gork jfa fbf cktroz .L=/, Xf pufjf vfr tmc`ol hkck fa hkhofltf fltrf am vfakhojmj jf

smaojm .vs/ y am vfakhojmj jf fltrmjm .vf/ ma cfhmlosck

o 3 L0 + L= 3 vs + vf

Humljk L0 fs cmykr quf L= sf hucpaf qufo < = fa cfhmlosck fst mucfltmljk am vfakhojmjjf gork,

Fa cktkr prkpkrhoklm ulckvocofltk horhuamr m ams c uolms

Fa cfhmlosck jf trmlscosol horhuamr .trmlscosol pkrhkrrfm! fl fstf hmsk/ aafvm fa ckvocofltk horhuamr jfa cktkr ma

rfhf tkr jf am c uolm,


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Humljk L0 fs cflkr quf L= sf hucpaf quf o 1 = fa cfhmlosck fst joscoluyfljk amvfakhojmj jf gork,

Humljk L0 fs oguma quf L= sf hucpaf quf o 3 = fa cfhmlosck cmltoflf .lo mucfltm lorfjuhf/ am vfakhojmj jf gork,

Fbfcpak2

m/ Vl cktkr gorm m 64 rpc, Johnk ckvocofltk sftrmlscotf jfa fbf cktroz .hkljuhtkr/ ma fbf hkljuhojk

cfjomltf ul cfhmlosck jf trmlscosol pkr hkrrfm! jfekrcm quf fa fbf hkljuhojk gorm m >4 rpc,Hua fs am rfamhol jf trmlscosol jfa cfhmlosck;

`/ M hkltolumhol! sf hmc`om fa cktkr y sf sustotuyfpkr ulk quf gorf m 84 rpc! cmltflofljk oltmhtk facfhmlosck,M qu vfakhojmj gormr mnkrm fa fbf hkljuhojk;

M hkltolumhol! sf fstujomrl aks jostoltks cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol horhuamr quf fxostfl! y hck sffxprfsm su rfamhol jf trmlscosol,

=/ Pufjms jf erohhol,0/ Zrmlscosol pkr hkrrfm,8/ Flgrmlmbfs,:/ Zrmlscosol pkr hmjflm,6/ Zkrloaak solel hkrklm,

=, Pufjms jf erohhol,

Hklsostfl fl jks rufjms quf sf flhufltrml fl hkltmhtk jorfhtk, Am rufjm cktroz .am hklfhtmjm ma fbfcktkr/ trmlscotf pkr rkzmcofltk fa ckvocofltk horhuamr m am rufjm hkljuhojm .hklfhtmjm ma fbf hkljuhojk/,

Hmrmhtfrstohms2# am rufjm hkljuhojm sofcprf gorm fl sfltojk hkltrmrok ma jf am

rufjm cktroz,# Ams rufjms jf erohhol pufjfl pmtolmr2 lk sf pufjfl usmr pmrm

trmlscotor grmljfs pktflhoms,# Am rufjm jf cmykr tmcmk sofcprf gorm m cflkr vfakhojmj quf

am rufjm cs pfqufm2 pfrcotfl sostfcms jf mucfltk krfjuhhol jf am vfakhojmj jf gork,

Pfamhol jf trmlscosol2 sfml L0 am vfakhojmj jf gork

jfa fbf hkljuhojk! y L= am vfakhojmj jf gork jfa fbf cktroz!sf hucpaf quf2

o 3 L0 + L= 3 J= + J0

! sofljk J= y J0 aks jocftrks jf ams rufjms cktroz yhkljuhojm! rfspfhtovmcfltf,

Ktrms hkleogurmhoklfs pmrm ams rufjms jf erohhol2Fl ams rufjms jf erohhol am rufjm hkljuhojm sofcprf gorm fl sfltojk hkltrmrok ma jf am rufjm cktroz, Tmrm

hklsfguor fa cosck sfltojk jf gork fl mc`ms rufjms nmy quf mmjor ulm rufjm akhm fltrf mc`ms,


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Mpaohmhoklfs2 jolmcks jf ohohaftms! trmlscosol fl lkroms! mamlholfs! tkhmjoshks! fth,

0, Zrmlscosol pkr hkrrfm,

Fs ul cfhmlosck quf pfrcotf trmlscotor ul ckvocofltk horhuamr fltrf jks fbfs sotumjks m hofrtm jostmlhom,Hmjm fbf sf hklfhtm m ulm rufjm k pkafm! y fltrf mc`ms sf nmhf pmsmr ulm hkrrfm quf trmlscotf fackvocofltk horhuamr pkr rkzmcofltk,

Hmrmhtfrstohms2# Am trmlscosol pkr rkzmcofltk jf am hkrrfm pufjf pmtolmr,

Fa jfsaozmcofltk joscoluyf usmljk pkafms fl vfz jfrufjms,

# Am rufjm+pkafm jf cmykr tmcmk sofcprf gorm m cflkrvfakhojmj quf am rufjm+pkafm cs pfqufm, Tfrcotfhklstruor sostfcms jf mucfltk k joscoluhol jfvfakhojmj jf gork,

# Fl eulhol jf am pksohol jf am hkrrfm sf pufjf hklsfguorquf am pkafm hkljuhojm gorf fl fa cosck sfltojk k flsfltojk olvfrsk,

Pfamhol jf trmlscosol2 sfml L0 am vfakhojmj jf gork jfa fbf hkljuhojk! y L= am vfakhojmj jf gork jfa fbfcktroz! sf hucpaf quf2

o 3 L0 + L= 3 J= + J0

! sofljk J= y J0 aks jocftrks jf ams rufjms cktroz y hkljuhojm! rfspfhtovmcfltf,

m/ Mucfltk jf vfakhojmj `/ Cmltflocofltk jf vfakhojmj h/ Pfjuhtkr jf vfakhojmj

Ktrms hkleogurmhoklfs pmrm am trmlscosol pkr hkrrfm2 fl trmlscosol pkr hkrrfm mc`ms pkafms gorml fl facosck sfltojk .=/! pkr ak quf so sf jfsfm olvfrtor fa sfltojk jf gork nmy quf hruzmr am hkrrfm .0/, Mjfcs! sosf jfsfm trmlscotor fa ckvocofltk fltrf fbfs lk pmrmafaks fltrf s! fa cfhmlosck jf trmlscosol pkr hkrrfmak pfrcotf .8/

=/ Cosck sfltojk jf gork 0/ Xfltojk jf gork olvfrsk 8/ trmlscosol fltrf fbfs lk pmrmafaks

Uojfks2 nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v3sEE4Rho][Ws nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v37[nt@tz7xLw


11/43==

Zrflfs jf pkafms2Aks trflfs jf pkafms sf fcpafml humljk fs lfhfsmrok trmlscotor ul ckvocofltk gormtkrok fltrf jks fbfshkl ulm grml rfjuhholk mucfltkjf am vfakhojmj jf gork sol tflfr quf rfhurror m jocftrks jf ams pkafmsfxhfsovmcfltf grmljfs k pfqufks, Aks trflfs jf pkafms sf hklstruyfl sk`rf ul skpkrtf fl fa quf sfolstmaml vmroms pkafms jk`afs hkl sus rfspfhtovks fbfs y ulm hkrrfm pkr hmjm jks pkafms, Fa sostfcm sfckltm fl hmjflm jf tma ekrcm quf fl hmjm pkafm jk`af ulm nmhf jf hkljuhojm jf am mltfrokr y jfhkljuhtkrm jf am soguofltf,

L: Trkjuhtk jf aks jocftrks jf ams pkafms hkljuhtkrms Jm Jh Jfo 3 3 3

L= Trkjuhtk jf aks jocftrks jf ams pkafms hkljuhojms J` Jj Je

Mpaohmhoklfs2 amvmjkrms! vfltoamjkrfs! amvmpamtks! puaojkrms! vojfks! hkrtmjkrfs jf hmrlf! tmamjrks!gflfrmjkrfs jf fafhtrohojmj! hkrtmjkrms jf hspfj! trmlscosol fl cktkrfs! fth,

8, Flgrmlmbfs, Flamhfs2 nttp2++www,tfhlk=0#=>,hkc+cuj+flgrm=+flgrm=,mspnttp2++www,tfhlk=0#=>,hkc+cuj+flgrm0+flgrm0,msp

Aks flgrmlmbfs skl rufjms jfltmjms quf trmlscotfl fa ckvocofltk horhuamr fltrf fbfs hfrhmlks cfjomltffa fcpubf quf fbfrhfl aks jofltfs jf ulms pofzms sk`rf ktrms,

Hmrmhtfrstohms2# Aks jofltfs jf ams rufjms cktroz y hkljuhojm mbustml

pfrefhtmcfltf .flgrmlml/ pkr ak quf lulhm pmtolml, Xfpufjfl fcpafmr pmrm trmlscotor grmljfs pktflhoms,

# Am rufjm hkljuhojm gorm fl sfltojk olvfrsk m am rufjmcktroz,

# Fl eulhol jfa tmcmk jf hmjm rufjm jfltmjm .lcfrk jfjofltfs/! sf pufjfl hklstruor sostfcms jf mucfltk krfjuhhol jf am vfakhojmj jf gork,

.Jm/ .Jh/ .Jf/

.J`/ .Jj/

.Je/


12/43=0


o 3 L0 + L= 3 R= + R0

! sofljk R= y R0 fa lcfrk jf jofltfs jfa flgrmlmbf cktroz y hkljuhojk! rfspfhtovmcfltf,

m/ Cuatopaohmjkr jf vfakhojmj `/ Ufakhojmj hklstmltf h/ Pfjuhtkr jf vfakhojmj

Uojfks2 nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v34y#qbH[Nc]_ nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v35M40WlML@:C

Zopks jf flgrmlmbfs2

Ktrms hkleogurmhoklfs jf aks flgrmlmbfs2Hkck fl fa hmsk jf ams rufjms jf erohhol! aks flgrmlmbfs olvofrtfl fa sfltojk jf gork jfa flgrmlmbf jfsmaojm, Xo sf jfsfm cmltflfr fa sfltojk jf gork! sf nm jf oltrkjuhor ul flgrmlmbf akhk quf gorf fl ul fbfoltfrcfjok,

Zrflfs jf flgrmlmbfs2Ma oguma quf fl aks trflfs jf pkafms! fa trfl jf flgrmlmbfs sf fcpafm humljk fs lfhfsmrok trmlscotor ulckvocofltk gormtkrok fltrf jks fbfs hkl ulm grml rfjuhholk mucfltkjf am vfakhojmj jf gork sol tflfr

quf rfhurror m flgrmlmbfs fxhfsovmcfltf grmljfs k pfqufks, Vl trfl jf flgrmlmbfs hklsostf fl ulsostfcm hklstotuojk pkr vmroms rufjms jfltmjms jk`afs ulojms fl hmjflm! jf tma ekrcm quf hmjmflgrmlmbf jk`afnmhf jf hkljuhojk jfa mltfrokr y jf hkljuhtkr jfa soguofltf,

Flgrmlmbfs hoaljrohks2Zrmlscotfl fa

ckvocofltk horhuamrfltrf fbfs pmrmafaks

Flgrmlmbfs hlohks2Zrmlscotfl fa ckvocofltk

horhuamr fltrf fbfspfrpfljohuamrfs

Flgrmlmbfs jf jofltfs nfaohkojmafs2fl vfz jf tflfr jofltfs rfhtks! akstoflf hurvmjks, Fa flgrmlmbf fscuhnk cs soaflhoksk,


13/43=8

L: Trkjuhtk jf l jofltfs jf flgrmlmbfs hkljuhtkrfs Rm Rh Rfo 3 3 3

L= Trkjuhtk jf l jofltfs jf flgrmlmbfs hkljuhojks R` Rj Re

Fbfcpak2

Fl fa soguofltf trfl jf flgrmlmbfs! hmahuam2

m/ Pfamhol jf trmlscosol jfa trfl jfflgrmlmbfs .fltrf = y :/

`/ Xo fa flgrmlmbf = gorm m 54 rpc! m quvfakhojmj gormr fa flgrmlmbf :;

h/ M qu vfakhojmj gormr fa flgrmlmbf 0;j/ M qu vfakhojmj gormr fa flgrmlmbf 8;

Mpaohmhoklfs2 hmbm jf hmc`ok jf mutkcvoafs! rfakbfrm! tmamjrks! tkrlks! fth, Aks trflfs jf flgrmlmbfs sf

usml hkck rfjuhtkr jf vfakhojmj fl am oljustrom .cquolms nfrrmcofltms! rk`tohm! grms/! fl am cmykrmjf aks fafhtrkjkcstohks .vjfks! prkgrmcmjkrfs jf amvmjkrm! cquolms jf hksfr! `mtojkrms!fxprocojkrms/! fl mutkckhol .pmrm ams hmbms jf hmc`ok jf cmrhnms/! y fl gflfrma! fl humaquofr cquolmquf prfhosf trmlscotor fafvmjms pktflhoms hkl rfjuhhoklfs jf vfakhojmj ocpkrtmltfs,

:, Zrmlscosol pkr hmjflm, Uojfk2 nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v3hiiKt>BUEEi

Xf trmtm jf ul sostfcm jf trmlscosol fltrf fbfs sotumjks m hofrtm jostmlhom, Hmjm fbf sf hklfhtm m ulmrufjm jfltmjm .pol/! y fltrf faams sf nmhf pmsmr ulm hmjflm quf flgrmlm mc`ms rufjms trmlscotofljkfa ckvocofltk horhuamr pkr fcpubf,

Hmrmhtfrstohms2

# Am trmlscosol sf prkjuhf pkr fcpubf jf am hmjflm sk`rf aks jofltfs jf ams rufjms sf fvotml aksrfs`mamcofltks,

# Xak sf pufjf fcpafmr pmrm trmlscotor ckvocofltk horhuamr fltrf fbfs pmrmafaks,# Am rufjm jfltmjm hkljuhojm gorm fl fa cosck sfltojk quf am rufjm jfltmjm cktroz,


14/43=:

Pfamhol jf trmlscosol2 Xf hmahuam oguma quf fl aks flgrmlmbfs, Xfml L0 am vfakhojmj jf gork jfa fbf

hkljuhojk! y L= am vfakhojmj jf gork jfa fbf cktroz! sf hucpaf quf2

o 3 L0 + L= 3 R= + R0

! jkljf R= y R0 skl fa lcfrk jf jofltfs jfa pol cktroz y hkljuhojk! rfspfhtovmcfltf,

Mpaohmhoklfs2 @ohohaftms! cktks! pufrtms fafvm`afs! pufrtms jf mpfrturm mutkctohm .mshflskrfs!supfrcfrhmjks/! cfhmloscks oltfrlks jf cktkrfs! fth,

6, Zkrloaak solel hkrklm, Flamhf2 nttp2++www,tfhlk=0#=>,hkc+cuj+tsoleol+tsoleol,msp

Xf trmtm jf ul tkrloaak hklfhtmjk ma fbf cktroz quf sf flgrmlm m ulm rufjm jfltmjm .hkrklm/ hklfhtmjm mafbf hkljuhojk, Fa ckvocofltk horhuamr sf trmlscotf jfa tkrloaak m am hkrklm pkr fcpubf,

Hmrmhtfrstohms2# Fs ul cfhmlosck quf sf usm pmrm trmlscotor ul

ckvocofltk horhuamr fltrf fbfs pfrpfljohuamrfs,# Fs ul cfhmlosck quf prkpkrhoklm ulm grml rfjuhhol

jf vfakhojmj jf gork,

Mlocmhol2 nttp2++www,rk`ovfs,hkc+hkltflt+wkrc[gfmr


o 3 L0 + L= 3 = + R

! sofljk R fa lcfrk jf jofltfs jf am rufjm jfltmjm .hkrklm/,

Fs jfhor! pmrm quf am rufjm jfltmjm k hkrklm jf ulm vufatm! fa tkrloaak jf`f gormr R vufatms sf hklsogufulm flkrcf rfjuhhol jf am vfakhojmj,

Fbfcpak =2 hkrklm hkl R 3 04 jofltfs o 3 = + 04 3 4!46 pkr hmjm 04 vufatms quf gorm fa tkrloaak! amrufjm sak gorm ulm vufatm .grml rfjuhhol jf vfakhojmj/,

Fbfcpak 02 Xf toflf ul cfhmlosck solel hkrklm! jkljf am hkrklm prfsfltm R 3 =5 jofltfs, Fa solel gormm ulm vfakhojmj jf =644 rpc, M qu vfakhojmj gormr am hkrklm;


15/43=6

Mpaohmhoklfs2 prolhopmacfltf sostfcms quf rfquofrml ulm grml rfjuhhol jf vfakhojmj .aocpompmrm`rosmsjf aks hkhnfs! hufltmioacftrks! hamvobms jf guotmrrms! y sk`rf tkjk rfjuhtkrms pmrm cktkrfs fahtrohks!fth,/,

8, CFHMLOXCKX JF ZPMLXEKPCMHOL,

Nmstm mnkrm sf nml fstujomjk cfhmloscks quf skamcfltf trmlscotfl fa ckvocofltk! sol hmcòmrak2 Cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol aolfma2 rfho`fl ul ckvocofltk aolfma y ak trmlscotfl cmltfloljkak

aolfma, Cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol horhuamr2 rfho`fl ul ckvocofltk horhuamr y ak trmlscotfl cmltfloljkak

horhuamr,

Fl khmsoklfs! skl lfhfsmroks cfhmloscks quf lk sak trmlscotml fa ckvocofltk! solk quf tmcòl aktrmlsekrcfl2

m/ jf horhuamr m aolfma,`/ jf aolfma m horhuamr,

Jf faak sf flhmrgml aks cfhmloscks jf trmlsekrcmhol jf ckvocofltk,

Fbfcpak2 pmrm suòr#`mbmr am `mlquftm jfa ektkcmtl .ckvocofltk aolfma/ nmy quf gormr fa msofltk

.ckvocofltk horhuamr/,

Cfhmloscks jf trmlsekrcmhol jfa ckvocofltk2=/ Zkrloaak tufrhm,0/ Tol hrfcmaafrm,8/ Afvm,:/ @ofam cmlovfam,

=, Zkrloaak tufrhm,

Fstf cfhmlosck hklstm jf ul tkrloaak y ulm tufrhm quf toflfl hkck k`bftk trmlsekrcmr fa ckvocofltk

horhuamr fl aolfma,

Eulhoklmcofltk2

m/ Xo sf nmhf gormr fa tkrloaak! am tufrhm mvmlzm hkl ckvocofltk rfhtoalfk,`/ Xo sf nmhf gormr am tufrhm! fa tkrloaak mvmlzm hkl ckvocofltk rfhtoalfk,

Mpaohmhoklfs2 gmtks jf hkhnfs! smrgfltks! tkrlks jf `mlhk! groeks! prflsms! prflsms! apoz jf amòks!pfgmcfltk fl `mrrm! fth,


16/43=5

Afvm,goe

0, Tol hrfcmaafrm, Flamhf2 nttp2++www,tfhlk=0#=>,hkc+cuj+hrfcmaafrm+hrfcmaafrm,msp

Xf trmtm jf ulm rufjm jfltmjm .pol/ quf sf nmhf flgrmlmr hkl ulm `mrrm jfltmjm .hrfcmaafrm/, Fs ulcfhmlosck jf trmlsekrcmhol jf horhuamr m aolfma! y vohfvfrsm .aolfma m horhuamr/,

Eulhoklmcofltk2m/ Xo am rufjm jfltmjm gorm .pkr am mhhol jf ul cktkr/! am hrfcmaafrm sf jfspamzm hkl ckvocofltk

rfhtoalfk,

`/ _ vohfvfrsm2 so m am hrfcmaafrm sf af mpaohm ul ckvocofltk aolfma! fcpubm m am rufjm jfltmjmnmhofljk quf stm gorf,

Mpaohmhoklfs2 ckvocofltks aolfmafs jf prfhosol.cohrkshkpoks/! smhmhkrhnks! rfguamhol jf maturm jf akstrpkjfs! ckvocofltk jf fstmltfrms cvoafs fl mrhnovks!emrcmhoms k òàoktfhms! hfrrmjurms! eulohuamrfs! mpfrturm yhofrrf jf pufrtms mutkctohms jf hkrrfjfrm! jfspamzmcofltkcquolms nfrrmcofltms .tmamjrks! tkrlks! erfsmjkrms,,,/!hfrrmjurms! fth,

Mlocmhol2 nttp2++www,rkòvfs,hkc+cfhnmloscs+rmhipolokl

nttp2++upakmj,woiocfjom,krg+woiopfjom+hkcckls+5+5>+Pmhi[mlj[polokl[mlocmtokl,goe

8, Afvms y fxhltrohms, Flamhf2 nttp2++www,tfhlk=0#=>,hkc+cuj+afvms+afvms,msp

Ams afvms y fxhltrohms skl cfhmloscks quf pfrcotfl hklvfrtor ul ckvocofltk rktmtovk fl ulckvocofltk aolfma .pfrk lk vohfvfrsm/,

Fa cfhmlosck sf hkcpklf jf am afvm .pofzm gormtkrom jf hkltkrlk fspfhoma/ quf rfho`f fa ckvocofltkrktmtovk m trmvs jfa fbf cktroz! y jf ul fafcfltk sfguojkr quf fst pfrcmlfltfcfltf fl hkltmhtk hkl amafvm grmhoms m am mhhol jf ul cufaaf, Jf fstf ckjk! fa gork jfa fbf nmhf quf fa pfreoa k hkltkrlk jf am afvmfcpubf y cufvm ma sfguojkr,

Ams fxhltrohms skl afvms jf ekrcm horhuamr! hkl am pmrtohuamrojmj jf quf su fbf jf gork lk hkolhojf hkl suhfltrk,

m/ Afvm `/ Fxhltrohm

Eulhoklmcofltk2 Fa fbf cktroz nmhf gormr m am afvm .ckvocofltk horhuamr/9 fa sfguojkr fst sofcprf flhkltmhtk hkl faam grmhoms ma fcpubf jfa cufaaf! pkr ak quf rfmaozmr ul rfhkrrojk mshfljfltf y jfshfljfltf.ckvocofltk aolfma/ quf jfpfljf jfa ckvocofltk y am ekrcm jf am afvm,

Mlocmhol2 nttp2++www,rkòvfs,hkc+cfhnmloscs+hmcs

Mpaohmhoklfs2 cktkrfs jf mutkcvoafs .pmrm am mpfrturm y hofrrf jf ams vavuams/! prkgrmcmjkrfs jfamvmjkrms .pmrm am mpfrturm y hofrrf jf aks horhuotks quf gkòfrlml su eulhoklmcofltk/! hmrrftfs jf pfshm.cfhmlosck jf mvmlhf#rftrkhfsk jfa hmrrftf/! jfpoamjkrms! hfrrmjurms! fth,


17/43=7

Uojfks2 nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v3[NP4INy#_mgnttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v3ymRGFxgJ@4M

:, @ofam cmlovfam, Flamhf2 nttp2++www,tfhlk=0#=>,hkc+cuj+òfam+òfam,msp

Fst ekrcmjk pkr ulm cmlovfam y ulm `mrrm jflkcolmjm òfam, Am òfam sf flhufltrm mrtohuamjm pkr ulfxtrfck hkl am cmlovfam! cofltrms quf pkr fa ktrk fxtrfck jfshro`f ul ckvocofltk aolfma fl fa oltfrokr jfulm gum,

Eulhoklmcofltk2 Am cmlovfam sf hklfhtm m fbf cktroz!quf af prkpkrhoklm fa ckvocofltk gormtkrok, Ma gormr! amcmlovfam trmlscotf ul ckvocofltk horhuamr m am òfam quffxpfrocfltm ul ckvocofltk jf vmovl .ckvocofltkaolfma matfrlmtovk/,

Mlocmhol2 nttp2++www,rkòvfs,hkc+cfhnmloscs+postkl

Fstf sostfcm tmcòl eulhoklm m am olvfrsm! fs jfhor! trmlsekrcm fa ckvocofltk rfhtoalfk jf am cmlovfam flul ckvocofltk jf rktmhol fl am òfam,

Mpaohmhoklfs2 mltogums akhkcktkrm jf vmpkr! cktkr jf fxpaksol .cktkr jf gmskaolm jf aks mutkcvoafs/!aocpompmrm rosms! rufjm jf meoamr! cquolm jf hksfr! hkcprfskr jf postl! sofrrms mutkctohms! fth,

Hogfma2Xo sf jospklfl vmroks cfhmloscks òfam # cmlovfam hklfhtmjks m ul fbf hkcl! sf ekrcm ul hogfma,Xf utoaozm fl k`bftks tml jostoltks hkck ul cktkr jf gmskaolm k ams mtrmhhoklfs jf efrom,

Mlocmhol2 nttp2++fs,woiopfjom,krg+woio+Mrhnovk2Hsnmet,goeUojfk2 nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v3qhpwo@fsR0s

:, C]VOLMX FL CKUOCOFLZK,

Nmstm mnkrm sf nm fstujomjk hck aks cfhmloscks .pmamlhms! pkafms! flgrmlmbfs! òfams! fth,/ trmlscotfly trmlsekrcml fa ckvocofltk prkpkrhoklmjk pkr fa fafcfltk cktroz! pmrm quf pufjm sfr utoaozmjk pkr fafafcfltk rfhfptkr,

Ma prolhopok! fl ams cquolms mltogums! fa ckvocofltk akprkpkrhoklm`m ulm pfrsklm! ul mlocma! ulm hkrrofltf jfmgum! fth, .pkr fbfcpak! fl ul ckaolk jf mgum/,

Xol fc`mrgk! fl am mhtumaojmj am cmykrm jf ams cquolmsskl mutkctohms! fs jfhor! eulhoklml grmhoms m am mhhol jfktrks fafcfltks2 aks cktkrfs,

Hogfma.mlocmhol/,goe


18/43=>

Ams cquolms mhtumafs skl `mstmltf hkcpafbms, Fstms cquolms fstl hkcpufstms! mjfcs jfa cktkr!pkr ulm hkcòlmhol jf catopafs cfhmloscks quf afs pfrcotfl trmlscotor y hkltrkamr fa ckvocofltk jfsjffa cktkr nmhom aks jostoltks fafcfltks quf hkcpklfl am cquolm, Tkr fbfcpak! fl ul mutkcvoa sf toflf facfhmlosck jfa fc`rmguf! am hkrrfm jf jostroùhol! fa cfhmlosck jf mpfrturm y hofrrf jf ams vavuams! fth,

M hkltolumhol sf fstujomrl jftmaamjmcfltf jostoltms cquolms hkcpafbms! jf ekrcm quf sf pufjmk`sfrvmr fa pmpfa quf jfsfcpfml aks jovfrsks cfhmloscks quf hkltroùyfl fl fa eulhoklmcofltk jfjohnms cquolms,

Hkrtf trmlsvfrsma jf ul cktkr jf gmskaolm,

:,=,# C]VOLM JF UMTKP,

Ams procfrms cquolms sf ocpuasm`ml grmhoms ma fseufrzk jf ams pfrsklms! jf mlocmafs jf tork! k òfl jfeufltfs lmturmafs .vofltk! hmuhf jf rks! fth,/,

Zkjk faak hmcò fl am pkhm jf am Pfvkauhol Oljustroma! humljk Bmcfs Wmtt olvflt am cquolm jf vmpkr

fl =75?, Am cquolm jf vmpkr sf pufjf hklsojfrmr hkck fa procfr cktkr jf am nostkrom, Am pktflhomgflfrmjm pkr ams cquolms jf vmpkr frm cuy supfrokr m am quf frm hmpmz jf jfsmrrkaamr humaquofr pfrsklm!mlocma k cquolm ojfmjm nmstm fltklhfs, Faak pfrcoto rfmaozmr tmrfms jf ekrcm cuhnk cs rpojm yfeohofltf! y su mpaohmhol cmsovm fl cmquolmrom mgrhkam! `kc`ms jf mgum fl colfrm! trmlspkrtfs.akhkcktkrms y `mrhks jf vmpkr/! ocpuask jf cmquolmrom fl am oljustrom! fth, supusk ulm mutltohmrfvkauhol quf hmcò pmrm sofcprf am fhklkcm y ams fstruhturms skhomafs,

Am cquolm jf vmpkr fs ulm cquolm rfamtovmcfltf sflhoaam2 Ma qufcmr hkcùstoàf .hmr`l/! fl amhmajfrm sf k`toflf vmpkr jf mgum quf rfhkrrf ul horhuotk nmstm aafgmr m ul hoaoljrk, Fl johnk hoaoljrk favmpkr sf fxpmljf! fcpubm ma postl! y gflfrm ul ckvocofltk aolfma fl fa cosck, Fa ckvocofltk aolfma


19/43=?

matfrlmtovk jfa postl sf trmlsekrcm fl horhuamr y sf trmlscotf m am rufjm cfjomltf ul cfhmlosck[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,

Humljk fa postl mahmlzm fa fxtrfck jfrfhnk jfa hoaoljrk! sf m`rf am vavuam jf smaojm! y fa postl vufavfnmhom am ozquofrjm fcpubmjk pkr am rufjm, Ma eolma jf fstf rfhkrrojk jfa hoaoljrk sf hofrrm am vavuam jf smaojmy sf vufavf m m`ror am vavuam jf fltrmjm! hkl ak quf fa hohak hkcoflzm jf lufvk, Fa fefhtk eolma hklsfguojkfs fa gork hkltoluk jf am rufjm,

:,0,# GFLFPMJKP FAHZPOHK JF UMTKP,Fl ul nkrlk sf rfmaozm am hkcùstol jf magl topk jf hkcùstoàf esoa, Fa hmakr gflfrmjk fl amhkcùstol sf usm pmrm nfrvor mgum fl am hmajfrm! prkjuhofljk vmpkr jf mgum, Johnk vmpkr jf mgum sfhkljuhf m ul hoaoljrk! jf ekrcm quf fa fcpubf jfa vmpkr krogolm ul ckvocofltk aolfma matfrlmtovk .jfvmovl/ fl fa postl, Fa ckvocofltk aolfma matfrlmtovk jfa postl sf trmlscotf m am rufjm! trmlsekrcljkak flhorhuamr cfjomltf ul cfhmlosck [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,

Fa ckvocofltk horhuamr jf am rufjm sf trmlscotf ma matfrlmjkr cfjomltf ul cfhmlosck [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,

Fl fa matfrlmjkr! fa ckvocofltk trmlscotojk sf trmlsekrcm fl fafhtrohojmj! grmhoms ma eflcflk jf oljuhholfahtrohm fstujomjk fl tfcms mltfrokrfs,

:,8,# CKZKP JF F^TAKXOL .GMXKAOLM/,

Fa cktkr jf ul hkhnf fs ulm cquolm hkcpafbm! ekrcmjm pkr lucfrksks kpfrmjkrfs y cfhmloscks, Xu

eulhoklmcofltk sf `msm fl mprkvfhnmr am flfrgm ao`frmjm fl ulm fxpaksol hkltrkamjm jfa hkcùstoàfpmrm prkjuhor ckvocofltk,

Vl cktkr jf fxpaksol fst ekrcmjk pkr ul hklbultk jf postklfsquf mjquofrfl ul ckvocofltk aolfma matfrlmtovk jf vmovl .suòjm y`mbmjm/ jfltrk jf sus rfspfhtovks hoaoljrks! grmhoms m am hkcùstoly fxpaksol jf am gmskaolm,

M fstf topk jf cktkr sf af aamcm cktkr Kttk! k cktkr jf : tofcpks!ym quf su eulhoklmcofltk sf prkjuhf fl ul hohak jf : tofcpks kemsfs! quf sf rfpotf hklstmltfcfltf2

=/ Mjcosol,0/ Hkcprfsol,8/ Fxpaksol,:/ Fshmpf


20/4304


21/430=

Aks humtrk tofcpks jfa hohak jfa cktkr hklsogufl ul ckvocofltk aolfma matfrlmtovk jf vmovl .su`ojm y

`mbmjm/ jf aks postklfs jfltrk jf sus hoaoljrks, Johnk ckvocofltk aolfma sf nm jf trmlsekrcmr flckvocofltk horhuamr pmrm sfr aafvmjk m ams rufjms jfa vfnhuak, Johnm trmlsekrcmhol sf kpfrm cfjomltf ulcfhmlosck jf [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,

Lkrcmacfltf ul cktkr lk fst ekrcmjk pkr ul skak postl y hoaoljrk! solk pkr vmroks jf faaks .lkrcmacfltfhumtrk/ hklfhtmjks m ul fbf hkcl .vfr ocmgfl olefrokr/, Aks jostoltks hoaoljrks jfa cktkr sf mskhomlekrcmljk ul cfhmlosck aamcmjk [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,

Am mpfrturm y hofrrf jf ams vavuams jf aks hoaoljrks fs pfrojohm y hkkrjolmjm hkl fa ckvocofltk jf akspostklfs! y sf hkltrkam cfjomltf ul cfhmlosck jflkcolmjk [[[[[[[[[[[,

Tmrm m`ror y hfrrmr hkkrjolmjmcfltf ams vavuams jf tkjks aks hoaoljrks jfa cktkr! sf rfquofrf jf ulhklbultk jf aks cfhmloscks mltfrokrcfltf oljohmjks! hklkhojk hkck r`ka jf [[[[[[[[[[[[,


22/4300

Fa ckvocofltk jfa r`ka jf [[[[[[[[[[[[! quf pfrcotf am mpfrturm y hofrrf jf ams vavuams jfa cktkr!

prkvoflf jfa [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ jfa prkpok cktkr! y fs trmlscotojk cfjomltf ul cfhmlosck jf

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ .tmcòl aamcmjk [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ jf jostroùhol/

Fl aks mutkcvoafs tmcòl fs lfhfsmrok jospklfr jf ulm sfrof jf cfhmloscks quf trmlscotml fackvocofltk prkpkrhoklmjk pkr fa cktkr nmstm aks rfhfptkrfs .fl ul vfnhuak! aks rfhfptkrfs skl amsrufjms/, Jf faak sf flhmrgm fa sostfcm jf fc`rmguf y am hmbm jf hmcòks, Fstf sostfcm fst hkcpufstkpkr am pmamlhm jf hmcòk! fa pfjma jf fc`rmguf y ulm sfrof jf cfhmloscks aamcmjks[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[! quf eolmacfltf trmlscotfl fa ckvocofltk m ams rufjms,

Mlocmhol cktkr jf hkhnf2 nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v3g5H8e[NiW]:

Uojfk cktkr jf ul hkhnf2 nttp2++fs,ykutu`f,hkc+wmthn;v3jIXCJ:KW>Kh

MHZOUOJMJFX,

MHZOUOJMJFX JF OLZPKJVHHOL,

=/ ]u cmquolms frfs hmpmz jf ojfltoeohmr fltrf aks k`bftks hktojomlks quf lks rkjfml;

Pfhufrjm2 ulm cquolm fs humaquofr k`bftk! pkr sflhoaak quf pmrfzhm! quf pfrcotf rfmaozmr ul trm`mbk hklcflks fseufrzk

0/ Jfeolf hkl tus prkpoms pmam`rms qu fltofljfs pkr cfhmlosck,


23/4308

8/ Fl qu jks grmljfs grupks sf jovojfl aks cfhmloscks; Oljohm ul fbfcpak jf hmjm topk,

:/ Fl ams soguofltfs cquolms! ojfltoeohm fafcfltk cktroz! cfhmlosck y fafcfltk rfhfptkr2

@mlhk jf trm`mbk Zmamjrk fahtrohk

Amvmjkrm Fafvmaulms cmluma

MHZOUOJMJFX JF TMAMLHMX,

6/ Oljohm so ams soguofltfs pmamlhms skl jf =! 0 8 grmjk2


24/430:

5/ Aks soguofltfs fafcfltks skl pmamlhms, Oljohm jf qu grmjk fs hmjm ulm jf faams, Tufjf sfr jf myujmjo`ubmr fa pultk jf mpkyk! fa augmr jkljf sf mpaohm am eufrzm .E/ y am rfsostflhom .P/

7/ Fl aks soguofltfs jo`ubks sf pufjfl vfrvmroks fbfcpaks jf pmamlhms,

m/ Oljohm am eulhol quf hucpaf am pmamlhm,

`/ Hamsoehmams sfgl su topk .procfr grmjk!sfguljk grmjk! tfrhfr grmjk/,

>/ Pfspkljf m ams soguofltfs prfgultms2

m/ Hmahuam fa vmakr jf am eufrzm .E/ lfhfsmrok pmrm vflhfram rfsostflhom .P/,

`/ Xf trmtm jf ulm pmamlhm hkl vfltmbm cfhlohm;

h/ ]u topk jf pmamlhm fs;


25/4306

?/ Pfspkljf m ams soguofltfs prfgultms2

m/ Hmahuam fa vmakr jf am eufrzm .E/ lfhfsmrok pmrm vflhfr am rfsostflhom.P/,

`/ Xf trmtm jf ulm pmamlhm hkl vfltmbm cfhlohm;

=4/ Fstm hmrrftoaam fst hmrgmjm hkl 64 Ig jf mrflm,

m/ ]u eufrzm nm`r quf mpaohmr pmrm afvmltmram;LKZM2 rfhkrjmr quf pmrm pmsmr jf cmsm .Ig/ meufrzm .L/ nmy quf utoaozmr am ercuam E 3 c m

`/ ]u topk jf pmamlhm fs;

==/ Fa pfz quf fstorm jf fstm hmm jf pfshmr nmhf ulm eufrzm jf 84 L, ]u eufrzm sfr lfhfsmrom pmrmfxtrmfrak jfa mgum;

=0/ Oljohmr am eufrzm quf jf`f rfmaozmr fa `rmzk nojruaohk jf fstm grm pmrm afvmltmr ul pfsk jf =444 Ig,Fa `rmzk jf eufrzm cojf =!6 c y fa `rmzk jf rfsostflhom cojf 6 c,LKZM2 rfhkrjmr quf pmrm pmsmr jf cmsm .Ig/ m eufrzm .L/ nmy quf utoaozmr am ercuam E 3 c m

=8/ Hmjm humjrmjk mzua toflf ul pfsk jf = Ig y hmjm sfgcfltk jf am pmamlhm cojf = c, Oljohm nmhomjljf sf ckvfr am pmamlhm fl hmjm hmsk,

.m/ .`/ .h/

.j/ .f/


26/4305

=:/ Fa joùbk rfprfsfltm ulm pmam hkl ulm hmrgm jf mrflm jf 04 L, Xk`rf am hmm sf nml rfprfsfltmjk trfspksoàfs pultks jf mgmrrf M! @ y H,

m/ ]u topk jf pmamlhm fs;`/ ]u fseufrzk nmy quf nmhfr so sf subftm am pmam pkr aks pultks E y M;h/ ]u fseufrzk nmy quf nmhfr so sf subftm am pmam pkr aks pultks E y @;j/ ]u fseufrzk nmy quf nmhfr so sf subftm am pmam pkr aks pultks E y H;f/ Tkr qu pultk sf tfljrm quf subftmr am pmam pmrm rfmaozmr fa clock fseufrzk;

MHZOUOJMJFX JF TKAFMX,

=6/ Hkcpaftm am soguofltf ermsf! fcpafmljk fstms pmam`rms2

Hkcpafbk eobms pkaopmstk mucfltm fseufrzk cvoafs jks

Vl hklbultk jf jks k cs pkafms sf jflkcolm [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,Fst hklstotuojk pkr [[[[[[[ grupks jf pkafms2 [[[[[[[[[[[ y [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,M cfjojm quf [[[[[[[[[[[[[ fa lcfrk jf pkafms! fa cfhmlosck sf nmhf cs [[[[[[[[[[[! pfrk fa[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ joscoluyf,

=5/ Fl ams soguofltfs eogurms2m/ Oljohm huafs skl pkafms eobms! y huafs pkaopmstks, `/ Hmahuam am eufrzm m rfmaozmr pmrm suòr ul hu`k jf 04 Ig fl aks humtrk hmsks,

=7/ Fbfrhohok kl#aolf,Fl am soguofltf wf` sf toflf ulm sfrof jf fbfrhohoks jf pkaopmstks, Pfmaozm aks trfs fbfrhohoks jospkloàfs.haohmr fl pkaopmstks fl fa cfl jf am ozquofrjm/,

nttp2++hklhursk,hlohf,cfh,fs+hlohf0445+cmtfroma400+oljfx,ntca

MHZOUOJMJFX CFHMLOXCKX JF ZPMLXCOXOL,

=>/ Pfmaozm ul fsqufcm#rfsucfl jf aks cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol horhuamr fstujomjks fl hamsf!oljohmljk su lkc`rf y prolhopmafs hmrmhtfrstohms,

=?/ Oljohm ams joefrflhoms fxostfltfs fltrf ul sostfcm rfjuhtkr y ul sostfcm cuatopaohmjkr jf vfakhojmj,

04/ Fa joùbk soguofltf rfprfsfltm ulm trmlscosol pkr rufjms jf erohhol, Amrufjm M fst ulojm ma fbf cktkr .cktroz/ y am H ma rfhfptkr .hkljuhojm/,Humljk am rufjm hkljuhtkrm gorm fl fa sfltojk jf ams mgubms jfa rfakb.jfxtrgork/,


27/4307

Hkltfstm m ams soguofltfs hufstoklfs2m/ Fl qu sfltojk gormr am rufjm H;`/ Krjflmr ams rufjms pkr krjfl jfhrfhofltf jf vfakhojmjfs,

0=/ Xf toflfl jks rufjms jf erohhol ulojms, Am hkljuhojm gorm m =04 rpcy fs jf ul jocftrk jf 04 cc,

m/ Hua sfr fa jocftrk jf am hkljuhtkrm so gorm m :4 rpc;

`/ Xf trmtm jf ul sostfcm cuatopaohmjkr k rfjuhtkr jf am vfakhojmj jfgork;

00/ Vl cfhmlosck jf trmlscosol hklstm jf jks rufjms jf erohhol, Amrufjm hkljuhtkrm toflf ul rmjok jf :4 cc! y gorm m ulm vfakhojmj jf =44rpc, Xf jfsfm hklsfguor ul m vfakhojmj jf gork fl fa fbf hkljuhojk jf 06rpc, Hua nm jf sfr fa jocftrk jf am rufjm hkljuhojm;

08/ Fl fa soguofltf sostfcm jf rufjms jf erohhol sf toflfl 0 rufjms csulm rufjm akhm,

m/ Tmrm qu sorvf am rufjm akhm;`/ Hua fs am rfamhol jf trmlscosol fltrf am rufjm hkljuhtkrm y am

rufjm akhm;h/ Hua fs am rfamhol jf trmlscosol fltrf am rufjm hkljuhtkrm y am

rufjm hkljuhojm;j/ M qu vfakhojmj gorml am rufjm akhm y am rufjm hkljuhojm;

Jmtks2 J= 3 =4 hc! J0 3 0 hc! J8 3 5 hc! L= .cktkr/ 3 =444 rpc

0:/ Oljohm fa sfltojk jf gork jf tkjms ams pkafms! so am pkafm cktroz .am jf am ozquofrjm/ gormsf fl fa sfltojkjf ams mgubms jfa rfakb, Oljohm tmc`ol so sf skl cfhmloscks rfjuhtkrfs k cuatopaohmjkrfs jf am vfakhojmj,

Xkauhol2 nttp2++hklhursk,hlohf,cfh,fs+hlohf0445+cmtfroma400+oljfx,ntca .haohmr fl Tkafms/

06/ Xo fa cktkr gorm nmhom am jfrfhnm .fl fa sfltojk jf ams mgubms jfa rfakb/! oljohm quf qu sfltojk gormlhmjm ulm jf ams pkafms jfa cfhmlosck,


28/430>

05/ Xf toflf ul cktkr quf gorm m =444 rpc hkl ulm pkafm jf 04 hc jf jocftrk hklfhtmjm m su fbf! ulojmcfjomltf hkrrfm m ulm pkafm hkljuhojm jf 54 hc,

m/ Pfprfsfltm fa sostfcm jf pkafms! oljohmljk hua fs am pkafm cktroz y am hkljuhojm! y aks sfltojks jfgork cfjomltf eafhnms,

`/ Hua fs am rfamhol jf trmlscosol o;

h/ ]u vfakhojmj mjquofrf am pkafm HKLJVHOJM;j/ Xf trmtm jf ul cfhmlosck rfjuhtkr k cuatopaohmjkr jf vfakhojmj;

07/ Xf toflf ul cktkr quf gorm m =444 rpc hkl ulm pkafm jf 64 hc jf jocftrk hklfhtmjm m su fbf! ulojmcfjomltf hkrrfm m ulm pkafm hkljuhojm jf =4 hc,


`/ Hua fs am rfamhol jf trmlscosol o;h/ ]u vfakhojmj mjquofrf am pkafm HKLJVHOJM;j/ Xf trmtm jf ul cfhmlosck rfjuhtkr k cuatopaohmjkr jf vfakhojmj;

0>/ Xf toflf ul cktkr quf gorm m =444 rpc hkl ulm pkafm jf :4 hc jf jocftrk hklfhtmjm m su fbf! ulojmcfjomltf hkrrfm m ulm pkafm hkljuhojm jf :4 hc,


`/ Hua fs am rfamhol jf trmlscosol o;h/ ]u vfakhojmj mjquofrf am pkafm HKLJVHOJM;j/ Xf trmtm jf ul cfhmlosck rfjuhtkr k cuatopaohmjkr jf vfakhojmj;

0?/ M pmrtor jf aks jmtks jf am eogurm! hmahuamr am vfakhojmj hkl am quf gormr am pkafm jf cmykr jocftrk,

Jmtks2

JM3 0 hc .cktroz/

J@3> hc .hkljuhojm/

LM3 =54 r,p,c, .cktkr/

84/ Fa soguofltf cfhmlosck rfprfsfltm ulm trmlscosol pkr pkafm#hkrrfm fl am quf "M" fs am pkafmhkljuhtkrm y gorm fl fa sfltojk nkrmrok,

m/ Oljohm fl qu sfltojk gormrl hmjm ulm jf ams joefrfltfs pkafms,`/ Hmahuam am rfamhol jf trmlscosol fltrf am procfrm y am atocm pkafm! tflofljk fl hufltm aks

soguofltfs jmtks2J= 3 6 hc! J0 3 = hc! J8 3 6 hc! J: 3 8 hc! J6 3 6 hc! J5 3 8 hc


29/430?

h/ Xo fa fbf cktroz gorm m 644 rpc, M qu vfakhojmj gormr fa fbf hkljuhojk;

8=/ Fa cktkr jf ulm amvmjkrm fst ulojk m ulm pkafm jf > hc jf jocftrk!cofltrms quf fa `kc`k fst ulojk m ulm pkafm jf 80 hc, Am vfakhojmj cxocmjf gork jfa cktkr fs jf =644 r,p,c,

m/ Hua sfr am vfakhojmj cxocm jf gork jfa `kc`k;

`/ Xo hmcòmcks am pkafm jfa cktkr pkr ulm quf fs fa jkàf jf grmljf! fa`kc`k gormr cs rpojk! cs jfspmhok k oguma quf mltfs;

80/ Fl fa joùbk sf pufjf vfr ul sostfcm jf pkafms fshmaklmjms pfrtflfhofltf m ul tmamjrk sflsotovk,Xfgl am hkcòlmhol jf pkafms fafgojm sf pufjfl k`tflfr joefrfltfs vfakhojmjfs fl fa fbf quf cufvf am`rkhm,

m/ Fl qu pksohol sf jf`f hkakhmr am hkrrfm pmrm k`tflfr am cxocm vfakhojmj jf gork fl am rkhm;`/ Xo fa cktkr gorm m =:44 rpc! qu vfakhojmj jf gork sf k`toflf fl fa tmamjrk ma sfafhhoklmr ams

pkafms jocftrks 54hc .cktroz/ y =:4hc .hkljuhojm/;h/ Xo fa cktkr gorm m =:44 rpc! y sf faogf am pksohol quf mpmrfhf rfprfsfltmjm fl am eogurm! m qu

vfakhojmj gormr am `rkhm;j/ Xo fa cktkr gorm m =:44 rpc! hua fs am clocm vfakhojmj quf sf pufjf k`tflfr fl am rkhm;

88/ Hmahuam fa jocftrk quf nm tflfr am pkafm cktroz jf ul cfhmlosck jf trmlscosol pkr hkrrfm! ms hkcksu vfakhojmj jf gork! smòfljk quf am pkafm hkljuhojm gorm m 064 r,p,c, y toflf ul jocftrk jf >4 cc! yquf am rfamhol jf trmlscosol jfa sostfcm fs jf =+:,

8:/ Zrflfs jf pkafms2Fl am eogurm mjbultm sf hklkhfl aks soguofltfs jmtks2 L=3 0444 rpc9 J=3 6 hc9 J03 04 hc,9 J83 6 hc9J:3 04 hc,

Hmahuamr2m/ Am rfamhol jf trmlscosol`/ Am vfakhojmj jf gork jfa fbf jf smaojm L0,


30/4384

86/ Fl fa soguofltf trfl jf pkafms! hmahuam2

m/ Pfamhol jf trmlscosol fltrf aks fbfs = y 8,`/ M qu vfakhojmj gormr fa fbf 8;h/ M qu vfakhojmj gormr am pkafm @;j/ M qu vfakhojmj gormr am pkafm H;

85/ K`sfrvm fa soguofltf joùbk! y smòfljk quf fa flgrmlmbf cktroz toflf =: jofltfs y gorm m :444 rpc! y fahkljuhojk toflf 65 jofltfs! rfspkljf2

m/ Xf trmtm jf ulm trmlscosol quf mucfltm k rfjuhf am vfakhojmj;! bustoeohm tu rfspufstm,`/ Hmahuam fa lcfrk jf rfvkauhoklfs pkr colutk jf am rufjm hkljuhojm,h/ Xo am rufjm cktroz gorm fl fa sfltojk jf ams mgubms jfa rfakb! fl qu sfltojk gormr am rufjm

hkljuhojm;

87/ Vl cktkr quf gorm m =44 r,p,c, toflf ckltmjk fl su fbf ul flgrmlmbf jf 54 jofltfs y fst mhkpamjk mktrk flgrmlmbf jf 04 jofltfs,

m/ Joùbm fa fsqufcm jfa cfhmlosck ./,`/ Hmahuam am rfamhol jf trmlscosol,h/ Hmahuam ams rfvkauhoklfs pkr colutk m ams quf gorm fa flgrmlmbf hkljuhojk,j/ Xf trmtm jf ul cfhmlosck rfjuhtkr k cuatopaohmjkr;

./ LKZM2 Jfòjk m aks jofltfs! joùbmr flgrmlmbfs fs cuy joehoa, Tkr faak! humljk sf joùbml flgrmlmbfs!

stks sf socpaoeohml joùbmljk rufjms! f oljohmljk ma amjk fa lcfrk jf jofltfs jfa flgrmlmbf

8>/ Tmrm hmjm ulk jf aks soguofltfs cfhmloscks! hmahuam2m/ Lcfrk jf jofltfs jfa flgrmlmbf cktroz .R=/ y jfa flgrmlmbf hkljuhojk,`/ Pfamhol jf trmlscosol,h/ Ufakhojmj jf gork jfa flgrmlmbf hkljuhojk


31/438=

8?/ Tmrm hmjm pmr jf flgrmlmbfs! hmahuam am cmglotuj quf sf jfshklkhf fl hmjm hmsk2LKZM2 fa flgrmlmbf cktkr fs sofcprf fa jf am ozquofrjm,

:4/ Zrflfs jf flgrmlmbfs2Fa soguofltf trfl jf flgrmlmbfs prfsfltm ulm rfamhol jf trmlscosol tktma jf =+?, Xo sf hklfhtm m ul cktkrfahtrohk quf gorm m =4444 rpc! m qu vfakhojmj gormr fa fbf jfa flgrmlmbf jf smaojm;

FBFPHOHOK MR= 3 =6 jofltfs! L= 3 =4 rpcR0 3 84 jofltfs! L0 3 ; rpc

FBFPHOHOK @R= 3 => jofltfs! L= 3 ; rpcR0 3 06 jofltfs! L0 3 =44 rpc

FBFPHOHOK HR= 3 04 jofltfs! L= 3 544 rpc

R0 3 ; jofltfs! L0 3 =444 rpc

FBFPHOHOK JR= 3 ; jofltfs! L= 3 =4444 rpcR0 3 04 jofltfs! L0 3 7444 rpc

FBFPHOHOK FR= 3 =6 jofltfs! R0 3 54 jofltfs!

o;

FBFPHOHOK EL= 3 706 rpc

L0 3 =>=0!6 rpc

o;


32/4380

:=/ Fl fa soguofltf trfl jf flgrmlmbfs! rfspkljf m fstms hufstoklfs2m/ Lcfrk jf jofltfs jf hmjm flgrmlmbf .Rm! R`! Rh! Rj/,`/ Hmahuam am rfamhol jf trmlscosol,h/ Xo fa cktkr gormsf m =4444 rpc! m qu vfakhojmj gormr fa flgrmlmbf jf smaojm;

:0/ Fl fa soguofltf trfl jf flgrmlmbfs! rfspkljf m fstms hufstoklfs2m/ Lcfrk jf jofltfs jf hmjm flgrmlmbf .Rm! R`! Rh! Rj/,`/ Hmahuam am rfamhol jf trmlscosol,h/ Xo fa cktkr gormsf m =64 rpc! m qu vfakhojmj gormr fa flgrmlmbf jf smaojm;

:8/ Fl fa soguofltf trfl jf flgrmlmbfs! hmahuam2

m/ Lcfrk jf jofltfs jf hmjm flgrmlmbf .Rm! R`! Rh! Rj/,`/ Hmahuam am rfamhol jf trmlscosol,h/ Xo fa cktkr gormsf m =4 rpc! m qu vfakhojmj gormr fa flgrmlmbf jf smaojm;


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::/ Fl fa soguofltf trfl jf flgrmlmbfs! hmahuam2

m/ Lcfrk jf jofltfs jf hmjm flgrmlmbf .Rm! R`! Rh! Rj/,`/ Hmahuam am rfamhol jf trmlscosol,h/ Xo fa cktkr gormsf m =4 rpc! m qu vfakhojmj gormr fa flgrmlmbf jf smaojm;

:6/ Aks soguofltfs trflfs jf cfhmloscks fstl ekrcmjks pkr ul sostfcm jf pkafms y ktrk jf flgrmlmbfs,m/ Oljohm hkl eafhnms fa sfltojk jf gork jf hmjm fafcfltk,`/ Pkjfm hkl ul hrhuak am rfspufstm hkrrfhtm,


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:5/ Oljohm hkl ulm eafhnm fa sfltojk jf gork jf hmjm ulm jf ams rufjms jf ams soguofltfs ocgflfs2

:7/ Fl aks soguofltfs cfhmloscks! hmahuam2m/ Pfamhol jf trmlscosol,`/ Xkl sostfcms cuatopaohmjkrfs! rfjuhtkrfs k cmltoflfl am vfakhojmj;


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:>/ M hkltolumhol! sf prfsfltml ulm sfrof jf cfhmloscks jkljf sf cfzham trmlscosol pkr hkrrfm yflgrmlmbfs, Tmrm hmjm ulk jf faaks hmahuam2

m/ Pfamhol jf trmlscosol,`/ Ufakhojmj jfa fbf hkljuhojk! so fa fbf cktroz gorm m =444 rpc,

:?/ Fbfrhohoks kl#aolf jf pkaopmstks! trmlscosol pkr hmjflm y flgrmlmbfs2nttp2++hklhursk,hlohf,cfh,fs+hlohf0445+cmtfroma400+oljfx,ntca

64/ Vl tkrloaak sol eol gorm m =644 r,p,c, y mrrmstrm m ulm hkrklm jf 84 jofltfs,Hmahuam am rfamhol jf trmlscosol jfa sostfcm y am vfakhojmj jf gork jf johnmhkrklm,

6=/ Vl tkrloaak solel flgrmlm hkl ulm rufjm jfltmjm jf 64 jofltfs quf gorm m :rpc, Hmahuamr am vfakhojmj m am quf gorm tma tkrloaak,

60/ K`sfrvm fa cfhmlosck jf am eogurm! y rfspkljf m fstms hufstoklfs2m/ Jf qu cfhmlosck sf trmtm;

`/ K`tl am rfamhol jf trmlscosol jfa cfhmlosck .fa fbf cktroz fs fa fbf jf am ozquofrjm/,h/ Humljk am rufjm pfqufm jm : vufatms! hultms vufatms jmr am rufjm grmljf;j/ Tkl fbfcpaks jf cquolms k mpmrmtks quf! fl am rfmaojmj! fcpaffl fstf cfhmlosck,

68/ M hkltolumhol sf cufstrm fa cfhmlosck jf ulm òhohaftm, Aks pfjmafs .cktkr jf am òhohaftm/ sfhklfhtml m aks pamtks y fa hohaostm pfjmafm m ulm vfakhojmj jf = vufatm pkr sfguljk, Hmahuam2

m/ Am rfamhol jf trmlscosol jfa cfhmlosck quf fcpafm am òhohaftm,`/ Am vfakhojmj jf gork jf ams rufjms,

JMZKX2 Jm 3 =4 hc! J` 3 : hc Rh 3 =6 jofltfs! Rj 3 87 jofltfs L= 3 =444 rpc

JMZKX2 Rm 3 87 jofltfs! R` 3 =6 jofltfs Jh 3 =4 hc! Jj 3 : hc L= 3 =444 rpc


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6:/ Fstujok jfa hmcòk jf ulm òhohaftm2Vl hohaostm pfjmafm m ulm vfakhojmj jf = pfjmamjm pkr sfguljk .L= 3 = rfv+s/, Fa hmcòk jf fstm òhohaftmprfsfltm 0 pamtks y 8 poklfs, Am òhohaftm toflf ul rmjok jf rufjms jf 86 hc, Hufltm fa lcfrk jf jofltfsjf hmjm pol y hmjm pamtk! y rfaaflm am tmàm,

.L0/

LKZM2 Ufakhojmj òho .fl c+s/ 3 L0 Tfrcftrk rufjm,

Tfrcftrk rufjm 3 0 rmjok


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MHZOUOJMJFX CFHMLOXCKX JF ZPMLXEKPCMHOL,

66/ Fl qu sf joefrflhoml aks cfhmloscks jf trmlscosol jf aks cfhmloscks jf trmlsekrcmhol;

65/ Pfmaozm ul `rfvf fsqufcm rfsucfl jf aks cfhmloscks jf trmlsekrcmhol jf ckvocofltk quf sf nmlvostk fl hamsf,

67/ Jf`mbk jf hmjm eogurm oljohm2

m/ Fa lkc`rf jfa cfhmlosck,`/ Xo fs ul cfhmlosck jf trmlscosol k jf trmlsekrcmhol,


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6>/ Xm`ofljk quf fa cktkr .fafcfltk ^=/ gorm m ozquofrjms! mjovolm fa sfltojk jf gork jf aks joefrfltfscfhmloscks pmrm pkjfr afvmltmr am pufrtm jf am bmuam! y ao`frmr ma pbmrk,Fbfrhohok kl#aolf2 nttp2++hklhursk,hlohf,cfh,fs+hlohf0445+cmtfroma400+oljfx,ntca.Haohmr fl Pftks! y aufgk fl Pftk 0/,


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6?/ Fl am soguofltf mlocmhol! supklofljk quf fa fafcfltk cktroz gorm nmhom am ozquofrjm .fl hkltrm jfasfltojk jf ams mgubms jfa rfakb/! rfspkljf m ams soguofltfs prfgultms2

m/ Fl qu sfltojk gorm am pkafm = .vokaftm/;`/ Fl qu sfltojk gorm am pkafm 0 .vokaftm/;h/ Fl qu sfltojk gormr su flgrmlmbf mskhomjk .flgrmlmbf =/ .rksm/;j/ Fl qu sfltojk gormr fa flgrmlmbf 0 .gros/;f/ Fl qu sfltojk gormr fa flgrmlmbf 8 .rksm/;e/ Fl qu sfltojk gormr fa flgrmlmbf : .gros/;g/ Fl qu sfltojk gormrl aks flgrmlmbfs 6 y 5 .mzuafs/;

Xkauhol2 nttp2++www,fju,xultm,fs+hkltojks+prfcoks+p044:+`+cfhmloscks+

54/ Zfst jf CFHMLOXCKX2

FAFCFLZKCKZPOR

TKAFM =

TKAFM 0

FLGPMLMBF =

FLGPMLMBF 0

FLGPMLMBF 8

FLGPMLMBF :

FLGPMLMBF 6

FLGPMLMBF 5


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Otra de mecanismos.pdf

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