Unidad 9: Relationships.Temas: Modal verbs 2- probability,

Character adjectives, So do I ! Neither do!.

Diego Hernando Torres Valencia Pagina web: http://www.ctc.edu.co/

Bilingüismo: Modulo 7

CTC : Centro Tecnológico de Cúcuta

Formación Académica en Ingles

DIEGO HERNANDO TORRES VALENCIA

si usted no está dispuestoaprender,nadie puede ayudarle.

si usted está decididoaprendernadie puede detenerte

Diego Hernando Torres Valencia

CONTENIDO:

CTC: Centro Tecnologico de Cucuta. Diego Hernando Torres Valencia

Sabiduría ante todo; adquiere sabiduría;Y sobre todas tus posesiones adquiere

inteligencia. Engrandécela, y ella te engrandecerá.

Proverbios 4:7-9

Dream big : Sueña en Grande

Never give up : Nunca te rindas

Do your best : Haz lo Mejor

CONTENIDO:1. Modal verbs 2-

probability.2. Character adjectives.3. So do I ! Neither do!. 4. .5. …6. Bibliografia

4

New headway Intermediate : Student Book: Unidad 9 : Relationships

Modulo 7:Unidad 9

Relationships

New-Headway

Intermediate

5

New-HeadwayIntermediate

Modulo 7:Unidad 9

RelationShips

YOU TUBE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=am--PWKVAFM&index=9&list=PL87St7ckm1RhltI5ERJLlH9q6b30NmhBk

Listening en You Tube:

Unit 9: Relationships

• Modal verbs (2): must, could, might, can’tModal verbs can express ability, obligation, permission, and request. They can also express the idea of probability, or how certain a situation is. There is an introduction to modal auxiliary verbs on page 146.

9.1. Expressing possibility / probability: the present/future

1. Must and can’t express the logical conclusion of a situation: must = logically probable; can’t = logically improbable. We don’t have all the facts, so we are not absolutely sure, but we are pretty certain.

Example:

+ He must be exhausted. He can’t even stand up.

+ Sue can’t have a ten-year-old daughter! She’s only 24!

+ Is there no answer? They must be in bed. They can’t be out this late.

+ A walk in this weather! You must be joking!

+ He’s in great shape, even though he must be at least 60!

2. Could and may/might express possibility in the present or future. May/Might + not is the negative. Couldn’t is rare in this use.

Example: + He might be lost. + They could move to a different place. + Take your umbrella. It might rain later. + Dave and Beth aren’t at home. They could be in the pub, I

suppose. + We may go to Greece for our holidays. We haven’t

decided yet. + I might not be able to come tonight. I might have to

work late.

Must/could/can’t/might + be + -ing make the continuous

form in the present.

Example: + Peter might be working late. + They can’t be working very hard.Compare:

+ ‘John’s grass is lovely. He must cut it regularly.’ (habit)

+ ‘What’s John doing in the garden?’ ‘He might be cutting the grass.’ (now)

The perfect infinitive Must/could/can/might + past participle express degrees of probability

in the past

Example: + He must have been exhausted. + She can’t have told him about us yet.

+ He might have got lost. + They could have moved house.

The continuous infinitiveMust/could/can/might + have + been + -ing make the continuous form in

the past

Example: + She must have been joking. + They can’t have been trying very hard. + He could

have been lying to you.

To ask about possibility/probability we usually use “Do you think……?” Question forms with the above modal verbs are unusual.

Example: + ‘Do you think she’s married?’ ‘She can’t be.’

+ ‘Where do you think he’s from?’ ‘He might be Spanish or Portuguese.’

+ ‘Do you think they’ve arrived yet?’ ‘They may have. Or they might have got stuck in the traffic.’

When we agree or disagree using So…/ Neither… I, we repeat the auxiliary

verbs. If there is no auxiliary, use do/does/did. Be careful with sentence stress.

AGREEING- I like ice-cream. So do I.- I don’t like working Neither do I.- I can swim. So can I.- I can’t drive. Neither can I.- I’m wearing jeans. So am I.- I went out. So did I.- I haven’t been Neither have I. to Paris.

DISAGREEING-I don’t like Mary. I do.- I like blue cheese. I don’t.- I can speak Polish. I can’t.- I saw Pat yesterday. I didn’t. - We’re going now. We aren’t.- I haven’t been skiing. I have.- I’m going to have I’m not. a coffee.

Example: + ‘I like ice-cream.’ ‘I do, too.’/‘Me too.’

+ ‘I have always studied hard.’ ‘I have, too.’/‘Me too.’

+ ‘I don’t like working.’ ‘I don’t, either.’/‘Me neither.’

+ ‘I can’t play a musical instrument.’ ‘I can’t, either.’/‘Me neither.’

We express that we have the same ideas as somebody else by

using too and either/neither. With too and either we repeat the

auxiliary verbs or, if there is no auxiliary, use do/does/did.

Read the pairs of sentences. If the sentence is the fact, put (). If the sentence is only a possibility, put (?).

a She could be having a shower. She’s having a shower.

b That pen might be mine. That pen’s mine.

c He doesn’t own a Rolls Royce.

He can’t own a Rolls Royce.

d You must have met my brother.

You’ve met my brother.

e They haven’t met the president.

They can’t have met the president.

f Shakespeare might have lived there.

Shakespeare lived there.

?

?

?

?

?

?

the present

the past

Modal verbs of probability in the present

1. Do you ever read the Problem Page in magazines or newspapers? What kind of

problems do people often write about?

2. Here are the replies to letters from two people who wrote to ‘Susie’s Problem Page’ in Metropolitan Magazine. Read them and discuss with a partner what do you think the

problems is?

scan

3. Look at the texts. Say who she, he, or they refer to in the following sentences.

a. She must be exhausted.

b. She must be in love with a pop star.

c. She could be a doctor or a nurse.

d. She can’t have many friends.

e. He might be an alcoholic.

f. He must be unemployed.

g. They can’t have a very good relationship with their daughter.

h. They might not have any children.

Pam

Lucy

Pam

Lucy

Pam’s husband

Pam’s husband

Lucy’s parents

Pam and her husband

i. She can’t get on very well with her daughter-in-law. Pam’s mother-in-law

j. She must be studying for exams next June. Lucy

k. They might live near a busy road. Pam and her husband

l. He must snore. Pam’s husband

4. Give reasons for each statement.

Example:

Pam must be exhausted ………………… because she works hard, she does everything in house and she can’t sleep.

1. Which statement is the most sure? Which are less sure?

+ She must be in love.

+ She might be in love.

+ She could be in love

2. The above sentences all express I think it’s probable/possible that she’s in love. How do you express I don’t think it’s probable/possible that she is in love?

The most sure

Less sure

She can’t be in love. or

She might not be in love.

Student A: Talk to Student B about Lucy.Student B: Talk to Student A about Pam.

Student A: Lucy ……………… in Scotland so she must ………… Scottish. She ……………… a lot of letters to a pop star in California, so she must ……………… a lot of money on stamps. She …………… in her room and ……………… to his music all of the time so she can’t …………… many friends or hobbies. She should ……… out more and ……………………… some friends and then she might ………………… the pop star. She could …………… to talk to her parents again, but they might not ………………… because they …………… very busy.

livesbe writes

spendstays listens

havego find/make

trylisten are

forget

Student B: Pam must ………… very tired at the end of the day because she ………… a stressful job. She must ………………… sorry for her husband because he ……… unemployed but she must also ………………… very angry with him because he never …………… any housework. She could ………… her mother-in-law to help but she can’t …………… a very good relationship with her because her husband ………………… too much time at her house. Things might …………………… better if he could …………………… a job and if they could …………… to each other.

behas

feel/be isbe/feel

doesask

havespends

be/get find/gettalk

Respond to the statements or questions using the word

or words in brackets.

Example: I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. (must, very)

You must be very hungry!

a. Mr and Mrs Brown never go on holiday. (can’t, much money)b. The phone’s ringing! (might, Jane)c. Paul’s taking his umbrella. (must, rain)d. There are three fire engines! (must, fire somewhere)e. I don’t know where Hannah is. (could, her bedroom)f. My aunt isn’t in the kitchen. (can’t, cook dinner)g. Whose coat is this? (might, John’s)h. We’ve won the lottery! (must, joke!)

a. They can’t have much money.

b. It might be Jane.

c. It must be raining.

d. There must be a fire somewhere.

e. She could be in her bedroom.

f. She can’t be cooking dinner.

g. It might be John’s.

h. You must be joking!

T.61

1 T.62 Listen to five short conversations and guess the answers to the questions. Work in small groups.

a. Where do you think the people are? At home? In a pub? In a restaurant? In a hotel?

b. What do you think his job is? A sales manager? A bus driver? An actor? A taxi driver?

c. What do you think she’s talking about? Visiting her parents? A first day in a new job? Meeting her boyfriend’s parents? Her wedding day?

d. Who or what do you think they are talking about? A dog? The au pair? A horse? A baby?

Example: A It’s Father’s Day next Sunday. B I know. Shall we buy Dad a present or just send him a card. Who do you think they are? They must be related. They can’t be

just friends. They could be husband and wife but they’re probably brother and sister.

e. What do you think they are doing? Swimming? Fishing? Rowing? Water-skiing?

They must be in a pub. They could be in a hotel bar. They can’t be at home or a restaurant because …………………

He must be a taxi driver because …… he can’t be an actor or sales manager because… . He might be a company driver but I don’t think so.

She must be talking about meeting her boyfriend’s parents because… They can’t be her own parents because……. It definitely isn’t her first day in a new job and she isn’t talking about her wedding day.

She can’t be a baby or an au pair because……. She must be an animal, probably a dog, because……. She might be a horse.

They must be fishing because……. But they might be rowing or swimming in rough water. They can’t be water-skiing because…….

Modal verbs of probability in the past

1 T.63a Poor Carl has had an accident. He is speaking to

his friend, Andy, on the phone. In pairs, read and listen to Andy’s side of the conversation. What do you think they are

talking about?

A HOLIDAY WITH FRIENDS

must have been/can’t have been

Scan

2. Tick () the two sentences which you think are possible. Cross (x) the one you think is not possible.

Example: What is the relationship between Andy and Carl? They must be friends.

They can’t be business colleagues.

a. Where have they been?

They can’t have been somewhere sunny. They might have been to Switzerland.

b. What happened to Carl? He must have broken his leg. He could have broken his arm.

c. How many people went on holiday?

There must have been at least five. There might have been more than five .

x

x

x

x

They could be father and son.

They must have been on holiday.

He must have come home early.

There must have been three.

e. What did they do on holiday? They must have taken a lot of photos.

They can’t have been skiing. x

d. Where did they stay?

They could have stayed on a campsite. They must have stayed in a hotel. They might have stayed with friends.

x

They could have been sunbathing.

f. What did Bob write? He might have written a letter to his wife. He could have written a letter of complaint to the hotel. He could have written a letter to the tour operator.

x

g. How did they travel? They must have flown. They must have gone by train. They might have hired a car.

x

h. What arrived on the next flight? It could have been Marcia’s skis. It must have been Marcia’s suitcase. It might have been Marcia’s coat.

x

3 Use some of the ideas in sentences a-h to say what you think happened to Andy and Carl.

Example:

Andy and Carl must be friends and they must have been on holiday together. They might ……………………

4 T.63b Listen to the full conversation between Andy and Carl. Which of your ideas were correct?

1. What is the past of the following sentences?

must

He can’t be on holidaycould

might

2. What is the past of these sentences?

I must buy some sunglasses.

I have to go home early.

I can see the sea from my room.

He must/can’t/could/might have been on holiday.

I had to buy some sunglasses

I had to go home early.

I could see the sea from my room.

1 Work in pairs. Respond to the following situations using the word or words in brackets and the perfect infinitive (have + participle).

a. John didn’t come to school yesterday. (must/ill)

c. Why is Isabel late for class? (might/oversleep)

d. I can’t find my homework. (must/forget)

e. The teacher’s checking Maria’s work. (can’t/finish already)

f. Did you know that Charles got top marks in the exam? (must/cheat)

He must have been ill.

She might have overslept.

You must have forgotten it.

She can’t have finished already.

He must have cheated.

Example: I can’t find my ticket. (must/drop)

You must have dropped it.

b. Look at my new gold watch! (can’t/buy yourself) You can’t have bought it yourself.

g. Where’s my umbrella? (could/leave it on the train) You could have left it on the train.

T.64

1 Fill in the gap in the second sentence with the modal verb in the past. Discuss your answers with a partner. (This exercise includes modal verbs of obligation and ability.)

a. The pond is frozen. It must be very cold outside. (present probability)

You ………………………… very cold when you were out skiing. (past probability)b. You must do your homework tonight. (present obligation)

When I was at school we ………………… homework every night. (past obligation)

c. He can’t be a member of the football team. He’s hopeless at all sports! (present probability) He ………………………………… a member of his school football team. He was hopeless at all sports. (past probability)

d. Jane can swim really well. (present ability)

She ……………………………………………………… really well when she was just eighteen months old. (past ability)

must have been

had to do

could have been

could swim/ was able to swim

2 How many different modal auxiliary verbs can you fit naturally into each sentence? Discuss as a class the differences in meaning.

can can’t could must might should shall

a. He …………………………………………………… have been born during World War II.

b. …………………………………….. you help me with the washing up, please!

c. You ……………………………………………. see the doctor immediately.

d. It ……………………………………………………….. be raining.

e. ……………………………………………………………………… we go out for a meal tonight?

f. I …………………………………………………………… stop smoking.

g. It ……………………………………………. have been Bill that you met at the party.

h. I ………………………………………………………………… learn to speak English.

can’t/could/must/might

Can/Could

can/can’t/must/should

can’t/could/must/might

Can/Can’t/Could/Must/Shall/Should

can/can’t/must/might/should

can’t/could/must/might

can/can’t/must/might/should

scan

8

7

2

15

13

3

10

4

11

14

5

12

16

9

1

6

Character Adjectives

reliable /rilai bl/

optimistic /optimistik/

sociable /s u∫ bl/

talkative /t :k tiv/

reserved /rizз:vd/

shy /∫ai/

impatient /impei∫nt/

ambitious /æmbi∫ s/

lazy /leizi/

generous /dzen r s/

moody /mu:di/

hardworking /ha:d-wз:ki /

easygoing /i:zig uin /

untidy / ntaidi/

cheerful /t∫i ful/

sensitive /sens tiv/

Which adjectives describe positive qualities and which describe negative? Which describe both?

Positive Negative Both Reliable

optimistic

sociable

generous

hardworkingeasygoing

cheerful

impatient

lazy

moody

untidy

sensitive

ambitious

shy

reserved

talkative

Find out the opposite of the adjectives

reliable

optimistic

sociable

talkative

reserved

shy

impatient

ambitious

lazy

generous

moody

hard-working

easy-going

untidy

cheerful

sensitive

›‹ unreliable

›‹ pessimistic

›‹ unsociable

›‹ quiet/reserved

›‹ outgoing/sociable

›‹ outgoing/sociable

›‹ patient

›‹ unambitious

›‹ hard-working

›‹ selfish/mean

›‹ easygoing

›‹ lazy

›‹ moody/temperamental

›‹ tidy

›‹ depressed/miserable/sad

›‹ unsensitive

Describe someone in the class to

your partner, but don’t say who it is.

Guess who it is!

Brothers andsisters

Do a class survey.- Find out who has any brothers and/or sisters. How many?- Who has the most?- Do they like having lots of brothers and sisters?- Do anyone have a twin?- How many only children are there in the class?

- Do they like being an only child?

Jillie PhilippaHow many brothers and sisters does she have?

Was she happy as a child? Why? Why not?

Is she happy now? Why? Why not?

How has the family changed over the years?What do you learn about other members of her family and friends?

She has four sisters and four brothers.

She was happy for many reasons: ………

Yes, she’s happy now. They are still a ………

Before the older ones looked after ………

Her big sister, Joy, who took her on ………

She has none. She’s an only child. ………

She was quite happy when very young ………

It is still difficult being an only child ……

It was OK being an only child when ………

She has lots of cousins who lived ……

T.65

Scan 3

What do you think?

* How many children have you got/would you like to have?

* What size is the perfect family?

* Would you like to have twins?

Read the following quotation.“Only when the last tree has died and the last river has been poisoned and the last fish has been caught will we realize that we can’t eat money.”

Who do you think said it?

a. A political leader.b. A member of

Greenpeace.c. An American Indian.d. An African fisherman.e. A Greek philosopher.f. A French farmer.

When do you think it was said?

a. In the 5th century BC.b. In the 19th century. c. In the 20th century.

Read some extracts from a story by the French writer, Jean Giono (1895-1971), called The Man Who Planted Trees. In it Giono describes the world of a solitary shepherd who plants trees, while in the background there are two world wars.

T.66 a Extract 11. Giono wrote the story in

1953. In which year does the actual story begin?

2. The story takes place in France. Which part of France do you think it is? Why? What is the countryside like?

3. Why do you think the writer is interested in the shepherd? What do you think he likes about his lifestyle?

Answers Extract 11. 1913.2. It must/might be the Alps.

He talks about the mountains and the dry, colourless, barren countryside so it must be the South of France.

3. He must be interested to find out why someone lives in such a wild, barren place. Perhaps he likes/ he might like the feeling of peace.

T.66 b Extract 2

4. How old do you think the writer was at the time of the story? A boy in his teens? In his twenties? Middle-aged? Older? Why?

5. How old will Elzeard be in thirty years time? What year will it be?

6. What do you think Elzeard’s ambition is? What is his vision of the future?

Answer Extract 24. He must have been quite

young, in his teens or twenties. He can’t have been middle-aged or older because he’s writing about something that happened 40 years ago. He sounds young and idealistic.

5. He’ll be 85. He is 55 now in the story, so in thirty years time he’ll 85. It’s 1913 now in the story, so in thirty years time it’ll be 1943.

6. His ambition is to live long enough to plant lots more trees. His vision must be of forests where now there is wilderness.

T.66 c Extract 37. Why did the

writer think that Elzeard might have died?

8. How had the war affected Elzeard?

9. Why is the writer speechless?

10. What thoughts about human behaviour does he have in the last sentence?

Answers Extract 37. Because when he met Elzeard he

(the writer) was only 20, and at the age someone over 50 seems old and likely to die soon.

8. The war hadn’t affected Elzeard at all. He had just continued to plant his trees.

9. Because there was now a large forest. He was amazed at the size of the forest and the trees.

10. He thinks that it is amazing that just one man could do all this. Man could create like God and not be destructive.

T66 d Extract 411.What is happened

in the writer’s life that could have made him pessimistic? Is he in fact pessimistic about the world? Give a reason for your answer.

12.How is it that so many people owe their happiness to one man? What are the results of his tree-planting?

13. How old is Elzeard when he dies? Why is it so important that he had a long life?

Answers Extract 411. There have been two world wars. He’s

not pessimistic because when he sees the results of Elzeard Bouffier’s work, not just forests but villages, he is convinced that despite such things as wars, humanity is still good – although there is evil in the world, there is also good.

12.Because of the trees, the land is not barren any more and people have returned to the villages. They can farm the land again and bring up their families in beautiful surroundings.

13. We learnt earlier that in 1943 he was 85. He dies in 1947. Therefore he is 89 when he dies. It is important that he had a long life because he was able to plant so many trees.

1. Do you think the story about Elzeard is true?

Do you think Elzeard was ever married?2. How would you describe the personality of

Elzeard Bouffier? Do you know any people like him in your

life? 3. In the context of the twentieth century and its two world wars, what message is Giono trying to make about nature and the importance of individual human being?

1 Read the sentence about Elzeard Bouffier and then compare them with the paragraph below. Note the ways in which the sentences are combined.

Elzeard Bouffier was a poor, solitary shepherd, who lived in the barren mountains of southern France. His love of nature gave him an incredible idea. During his live he planted thousands of acorns. These grew into the forest, which made the countryside rich and fertile again. Elzeard died when he was 89.

2 Rewrite each group of sentences to form a more natural sounding paragraph.

a. Alan Higgins, the famous millionaire writer from the north of England, who has written 25 novels, has gone to live in the USA. His novels have been translated into five languages and now Hollywood is going to make a film of his latest one. This will star Sunny Shaw, whose last film, Hot Night in the Snow, was a big box office hit.

b. The city of Oxford, which is in the south of England on the River Thames, has a population of about 100,000. The city is famous because it has one of the oldest universities in the world. It also has lots of others old buildings, such as the Bodleian Library, and the Ashmolean Museum, which was built in 1683. Not many people know that Oxford was once the capital of England. Charles I made it the capital from 1642-1645.

1 Read the statements in the chart below. Complete the You column by putting () if it is the same for you and (x) if it isn’t.

You Polly Polly’s words

1. I want to travel the world. 2. I don’t want to have lots of children.3. I can speak four languages.4. I can’t drive.5. I’m not going to get married until I’m 35.6. I went to America last year.7. I’ve never been to Australia.8. I don’t like politicians.9. I’m bored with the British Royal Family.10. I love going to parties.

x

x

x

……

2 T.67 Listen to Polly. She is at a party and lots of friends are talking to her about themselves. Complete the Polly column by putting () for what is the same and (x) for what is not the same for Polly.

3 Listen again and write on the chart the exact words that Polly uses. Choose from the list below.

What does she say when it is the same for her? What does she say when it is different?

Polly

Polly’s words

1. I want to travel the world. 2. I don’t want to have lots of children.3. I can speak four languages.4. I can’t drive.5. I’m not going to get married until I’m 35.6. I went to America last year.7. I’ve never been to Australia.8. I don’t like politicians.9. I’m bored with the British Royal Family.10. I love going to parties.

x

x

x

I can’tNeither do I

Neither can INeither am I

So did II have

Neither do ISo am II don’t

So do I

Work in group

5

- Do exercises in Workbook.- Do the listening task at home.- Translate the text “ The man who planted trees”

Prepare UNIT 10:- Look up new words.- Read the reading carefully.- Do the comprehension check.

1. Do all the exercises in work book. 2. Learn the conditionals and time clauses. 3. Prepare for the new lesson.

Thanks for your attention

...

ser fuerte, pero no desagradable.ser amable, pero no débil.ser audaz, pero no intimidar.ser humilde, pero no tímido.estar orgullosos, pero no arrogante.

Be strong, but not rude.Be kind, but not weak.Be bold, but do not bully.Be humble, but not shy.Be proud, but not arrogant.

Bibliografia.

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6Je3-ZV_x38NqQAxKiCCyQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZ_VL4dx3D4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNVpGqt2Bzshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UayH1NmlzA4https://www.facebook.com/tastemade/videoshttps://www.facebook.com/tastemade/videos/970622743024893/https://www.facebook.com/tastemade/videos/970620406358460/http://travel.india.com/articles/10-endangered-animals-india-see-vanish/

Fin de la presentación.

MUCHAS GRACIAS

Copyright 2016, Todos los Derechos Reservados.

Sabiduría ante todo; adquiere sabiduría;Y sobre todas tus posesiones adquiere

inteligencia. Engrandécela, y ella te engrandecerá.

Proverbios 4:7-9

Dream big : Sueña en Grande

Never give up : Nunca te rindas

Do your best : Haz lo Mejor