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Transcript of L T U R A M A T E R U I C A L E - Provincia di Torino ya fane⁄ kalÂtera sth sun°xeia,...
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L T U R A M A T E R
I AL
E
klhronomiãw, e⁄nai °naw ap touw basikoÂw stxouw touprogrãmmatow “CULTURA MATERIALE” (Ulikw Politismw) pouentãssetai sta pla⁄sia tou ãryrou 10 tou ETPA, bãsei touopo⁄ou to oikologik mouse⁄o kayor⁄zetai vw rgano “diaxe⁄rhshwtvn apotelesmãtvn” . 1
Sthn pi koinã apodektÆ morfÆ tou to oikologik mouse⁄oantiprosvpeÂei thn proxvrhm°nh ant⁄lhch tou mouse⁄ou thwperioxÆw sto opo⁄o, m°sa apo thn mel°th tvn ntokoum°ntvn, tvnxeirogrãfvn, tvn arxitektonik≈n ktismãtvn kai tvn proforik≈nmarturi≈n, epanasunt⁄yetai mia diergas⁄a mel°thw thw ⁄diaw thwperioxÆw. Dedom°nou ti h diãryrvsh enw t°toiou mouse⁄ouekfrãzei thn sx°sh anyr≈pou – peribãllontow ap oikonomikÆw,koinvniologikÆw, politistikÆw allã kai gevgrafikÆw kaianyrvpologikÆw pleurãw, to oikologik mouse⁄o genni°tai xãrhsthn ãmesh sumbolÆ tou entpiou plhyusmoÂ, pou suneidhtopoie⁄thn politistikÆ kai periballontologikÆ klhronomiã tou, toorgan≈nei kai summet°xei sthn ajiolghsh kai thn anãptujÆ tou.Omvw h spoudaithta tou oikologiko mouse⁄ou den perior⁄zetaimno sta pla⁄sia thw diãsvshw tou politistiko uliko kai thwdiatÆrhshw tvn sxetik≈n marturi≈n sÂmfvna me touwparadosiakoÂw kannew thw politistikÆw orgãnvshw. H sÂndeshkai h allhlosumplÆrvsh metaj tvn anamnÆsevn touparelyntow kai orism°nvn stoixe⁄vn pou e⁄nai akmh zvntanãsthn perioxÆ, metafermena sto oikologik mouse⁄o, mporoÂn nato katastÆsoun °na ejairetik m°so anãlushw me stxo thnoryterh xrÆsh tou perbãllontow sta pla⁄sia programmãtvn pouaposkopoÂn sthn oiko-sumbatÆ anãptujh. To oikologik mouse⁄opr°pei sunep≈w na ennohye⁄ xi san h efarmogÆ miaw meyodolog⁄awgia thn enallaktikÆ parous⁄ash tou paradosiako mouse⁄ou,allã san °na “ennoiologik kai xvrotajik sÂnolo” m°sa apo toopo⁄o ekfrãzetai h anãgkh gia anagn≈rish miaw omãdaw anyr≈pvndiam°sou thw epanajiolghshw tvn koin≈n idiaiterotÆtvn touw.
51
EISAGVGH
Me thn pãrodo tou xrnou edrai≈yhke mia nohmatikØ dieÂrunshthw °kfrashw “politistik agay” se shme⁄o ≈ste na upãrjei
mia ãmesh susx°thsh tou agayo me ton tpo paragvgÆw tou kai miatautxronh ejonuxistikÆ anãlush tvn periexom°nvn kai tvnprooptik≈n tou.
Oson aforã to periexmeno, h °nnoia tou politistiko agayoÂmetablÆyhke ap antike⁄meno Æ mnhme⁄o se °na per⁄ploko sÂnoloistor⁄aw kai peribãllontow, ey⁄mvn, glvssik≈n idivmãtvn kaiparadsevn. Sxetikã me tiw prooptik°w, ant⁄yeta, perãsame ap miapolitikÆ suntÆrhshw kai prostas⁄aw, se mia fãsh ajiolghshw, hopo⁄a kat°xei rlo zvtikÆw shmas⁄aw sthn diadikas⁄a thw °reunawkai thw mel°thw thw politistikÆw tautthtaw miaw perioxÆw. Tapolitistikã agayã, h alli≈w h politistikÆ klhronomiã, den e⁄naitelikã sun≈numa tou “politistiko prou”: ta pr≈ta ekfrãzounstatikthta kai epim°noun sto antike⁄meno kai sthn idiokths⁄a, oideÂteroi ant⁄yeta emperi°xoun mia anaforã sthn ej°lijh, sthnk⁄nhsh kai ton programmatism.
H ãmesh sÂndesh tvn programmãtvn me tiw idiaiterthtew thwkãye perioxÆw kai h ejoik⁄vsh tvn topik≈n paragntvn me tiwdrasthrithtew anazÆthshw kai epanekt⁄mhshw thw politistikÆw
1 To ãryro 10 tou Diakanonismo CEE2083/93 probl°pei pvw ta kondÂliaeurvpaÚkÆw perifereiakÆw anãptujhw (ETPA) xrhmatodotoÂn mel°tew kai sx°dia pouanaf°rontai se y°mata ej°xousaw shmas⁄aw se koinotik pla⁄sio kai diorgan≈nontaisÂmfvna me 4 genik°w kateuyÂnseiw : thn diaperifereiakÆ sunergas⁄a m°sa Æ °jv apthn E.K., thn anan°vsh me stxo thn oikonomikÆ anãptujh se topik kai perifereiakep⁄pedo, ton perifereiak programmatism kai tiw politik°w astikÆw par°mbashw.
O stxow tvn tri≈n eta⁄rvn – Ital⁄aw, Ellãdaw kai Ispan⁄aw –pou summet°xoun sto prgramma e⁄nai akrib≈w na epixeirÆsoun naapokom⁄soun so to dunat megalÂtero felow ap mia svstÆajiolghsh tou topiko politistiko kefala⁄ou, diagrãfontaw thnpore⁄a tou oikologiko mouse⁄ou °tsi ≈ste eparx⁄ew me diaforetikep⁄pedo anãptujhw na probãloun kai na diad⁄doun thn politistikÆtouw klhronomiã me tautxronh prospãyeia ekmetãlleushw tvnepipt≈sevn sthn topikÆ oikonom⁄a. O idiãzvn xaraktÆraworism°nvn politistik≈n paradsevn, h anãkthsh kãpoivnpraktik≈n sunhyei≈n kai enw shmantiko istoriko backgroundkayistoÂn, gia orism°new periox°w pou empl°kontai sto prgramma,°na piyan felow se mia agorã pou h idiaiterthta kai h poithtatou proÚntow kayor⁄zontai ap thn epitux⁄a thw prosforãw.
Ap to prgramma ULIKOS POLITISMOS prokÂptei jekãyara togegonw ti ta proÚnta politistikÆw xrÆshw pr°pei na sundeyoÂnãmesa kai na riz≈soun sthn pragmatikthta tou tpou ston opo⁄oanaf°rontai. Aut to stoixe⁄o g⁄netai kayoristik eãn o x≈rowanaforãw e⁄nai mia oreinÆ Æ agrotikÆ perioxÆ, pou oi politistik°wphg°w antiprosvpeÂontai sto megalÂtero m°row touw ap tonlegmeno “ulik politism” , Æ kalÂtera ap thn kayhmerinthta, aptiw martur⁄ew tou trpou zvÆw kai ergas⁄aw tou xyew, ap tiw mnÆmewtvn antikeim°nvn kai tvn tpvn. Xvr⁄w amfibol⁄a prkeitai gia °napolitistik egxe⁄rhma pou den koinopoie⁄tai eÂkola giat⁄ den e⁄naioÂte sugklonistik oÂte ãmesou entupvsiasmoÂ, allã ant⁄yetaxreiãzetai mia diaryrvm°nh pore⁄a pros°ggishw. Oi oikonomiko⁄ proipou mporoÂn na prokÂcoun ap °napolitistik kefãlaio me autã taxarakthristikã, pãnv sto opo⁄o m°xri enwshme⁄ou bas⁄zetai to sto⁄xhma-prklhshauto tou progrãmmatow, pro°rxontai apto gegonw ti provye⁄tai h anãptujh miawprosforãw pou °xei xrhstikthta 360moir≈n kai en≈nei me °na kkkino nÆma tonpolitism kai to peribãllon, ta mnhme⁄akai to top⁄o, kai tautxrona apeuyÂnetaise °na polÂmorfo koin.
Opvw ya fane⁄ kalÂtera sth sun°xeia,uf⁄stantai arket°w praktik°w diafor°w
anãmesa stiw eparx⁄ew anaforikã me tiw anaptussmenewdrasthrithtew kai ta prosmenmena apotel°smata. O ispanweta⁄row, °xontaw anaptÂjei sto parelyn me epitux⁄a progrãmmataajiopo⁄hshw thw politistikÆw klhronomiãw, prot⁄mhse na ependÂseisth dhmiourg⁄a touristik≈n proÚntvn pou apobl°poun sthnprobolÆ kai thn edra⁄vsh tvn Ædh dromologhm°nvndrasthriotÆtvn. O °llhnaw eta⁄row ant⁄yeta tnise thnanagkaithta thw apkthshw, diam°sou tou progrãmmatow, thwapara⁄ththw texnognvs⁄aw (know- how)≈ste na kataste⁄ dunatÆ, setopik ep⁄pedo, h dhmiourg⁄a ajnvn ajiolghshw tvn dunatotÆtvnpou enupãrxoun ston politistik ploÂto thw perioxÆw,sumperilambanom°nhw kai thw episÆmanshw paragntvn pou droÂnsan katalÂtew ide≈n kai paragvgik≈n phg≈n. To italik prgrammapÆre stoixe⁄a kai ap touw dÂo autoÂw prosanatolismoÂw, d⁄nontaw°mfash kai ston tom°a thw touristikÆw probolÆw allã kai stontom°a thw texnologikÆw anãptujhw kai thw ergasiakÆw apasxlhshw.
Ap aut°w tiw pr≈tew ektimÆseiw prokÂptei me safÆ trpo ti toperiexmeno tou progrãmmatow br⁄skei eÂforo °dafow anãptujhwse °na koinotik rgano pvw to ãryro 10 tou ETPA.Stxow tvn programmãtvn diaperifereiakÆw sunergas⁄aw mepolitistik xaraktÆra, sta opo⁄a perilambãnetai kai toprgramma ULIKOS POLITISMOS, e⁄nai prãgmati to nasuneisf°roun sthn koinvnikÆ kai oikonomikÆ sÂndesh tvneurvpaÚk≈n periferei≈n se °na pla⁄sio dieynopo⁄hshw thwoikonom⁄aw, xrhmatodotntaw peiramatikã sx°dia pou aposkopoÂnsthn pro≈yhsh thw anaptujiakÆw logikÆw se topik ep⁄pedo m°saap thn dokimÆ enallaktik≈n meydvn ergas⁄aw kaisunaiteristik≈n strathgik≈n: ep⁄shw aposkopoÂn sthn enyãrrunshtvn antallag≈n se topik kai dieyn°w ep⁄pedo y°tontaw se koinÆdiayesimthta empeir⁄ew kai ananevtikã proÚnta.
Me autÆn loipn thn °kdosh ya epixeirÆsoume nadiagrãcoume, m°sa sta ria tou diay°simou x≈rou, ta basikãxarakthristikã tou dieynoÂw progrãmmatow allã kai tvnepim°rouw topik≈n sxed⁄vn, estiãzontaw pãnv se eke⁄na tastoixe⁄a pou ep°trecan stouw eta⁄rouw xi mno napragmatopoiÆsoun touw skopoÂw touw allã kai na epishmãnoun tashme⁄a adunam⁄aw kai uperoxÆw thw kãye prvtoboul⁄aw.
52 C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
TO DIAKRATIKOPROGRAMMA
OOii EEttaa⁄⁄rrooii
HProvincia di Torino (Eparx⁄a tou Tor⁄nou) sthn Ital⁄a(suntonistÆw tou progrãmmatow) e⁄nai °naw topikw
dhmsiow for°aw me armodithtew programmatismo kaidiaxe⁄rhshw se diãforouw tome⁄w, anãmesa stouw opo⁄ouwkai h probolÆ tvn politistik≈n drasthriotÆtvn pouaposkopoÂn sthn diãsvsh kai thn ajiopo⁄hsh thwpolitistikÆw klhronomiãw kay≈w kai son aforã tiw
diãforew morf°w °kfrashw tou laÚko politismoÂ. H Eparx⁄a touTor⁄nou °xei na epide⁄jei mia °ntonh drasthrithta anãptujhw toutopiko dunamiko diam°sou prvtobouli≈n pou epim°noun sey°mata pvw to peribãllon, o tourismw, h anãkthsh kai hajiolghsh thw istorikÆw kai politistikÆw klhronomiãwpeiramatizmenh, se sunergas⁄a me ãllouw topikoÂw fore⁄w,diadikas⁄ew pou apoteloÂn apãnthsh stiw anãgkew tou koinvnikoÂsunlou kai dhmiourgoÂn eukair⁄ew ergasiakÆw apasxlhshwakmh kai se apomakrusm°new periox°w pvw oi agrotik°w Æ oiorein°w z≈new. H Eparx⁄a tou Tor⁄nou °xei edrai≈sei mia polÂajilogh empeir⁄a son aforã th summetoxÆ kai th diaxe⁄rhshkoinvtik≈n programmãtvn pãnv se diãfora y°mata (politismw,tourismw, prosforã uphresi≈n se epixeirÆseiw, ergasiak°wpolitik°w, peribãllon, klp.) sta pla⁄sia koinotik≈nprogrammãtvn kai prvtobouli≈n (pvw ECOS Ouverture, Interreg II,Employment, ADAPT) kai sth pragmatopo⁄hsh merik≈n eidik≈nm°trvn pou probl°pontai ap to DOCUP Piemonte ob. 2 (1997-99).
H Envsh TEDK DutikÆw Makedon⁄aw sthn Ellãdaapotele⁄tai ap t°ssereiw Topik°w En≈seiw DÆmvnkai KoinotÆtvn (Kozãnhw, Greben≈n, Kastoriãwkai Fl≈rinaw) pou br⁄skontai se mia ap tiw pi
periyvriak°w periox°w thw Ellãdow, kontã sta B.D.sÂnora me thn Alban⁄a kai thn pr≈hn
Giougkoslab⁄a. H Envsh TEDK sugkrotÆyhke to 1996 kaie⁄nai °naw sxetikã n°ow for°aw dioikoÂmenow ap mia dvdekamelÆEpitropÆ sthn opo⁄a summet°xoun DÆmarxoi kai eklegm°noipolitiko⁄ antiprsvpoi tvn nom≈n: proedreÂoun katã seirãn oiPredroi tvn tessãrvn TEDK.
Oi basik°w drasthrithtew thw Envshw sumperilambãnoun thn°reuna, thn sullogÆ kai thn mel°th plhrofori≈n pãnv se y°matakoino endiaf°rontow, me skop thn upostÆrijh kai thn epejergas⁄aprvtobouli≈n topikÆw anãptujhw.
Ant⁄yeta me touw dÂo prohgoÂmenouw eta⁄rouw,to K°ntro AgrotikÆw Anãptujhw thw Serraníade Ronda(CEDER Serranía de Ronda) sthnIspan⁄a e⁄nai °naw perifereiakw Organismw
pou idrÂyhke me thn morfÆ afilokerdoÂw Sullgou, kai °xei sanstxo thn anãptujh kai ton suntonism politistik≈n, koinvnik≈nkai oikonomik≈n drasthriotÆtvn stiw 21 Kointhtew pouapoteloÂn thn Serranía de Ronda, sthn Perif°reia thwAndalous⁄aw. Xãrh sthn empeir⁄a pou apoktÆyhke me thndiaxe⁄rhsh tvn koinotik≈n kondul⁄vn sta pla⁄sia tvnprogrammãtvn Leader, Adapt, Youthstartkai Now, to CEDERap°kthse shmantik rlo epirroÆw kai kinhtopo⁄hshw thw topikÆwoikonom⁄aw, provy≈ntaw apofasistik°w epixeirhsiak°wprvtoboul⁄ew sunafe⁄w me thn strathgikÆ thw perifereiakÆwanãptujhw. H politikÆ auto tou organismo perif°retai pãntagÂrv ap tr⁄a basikã shme⁄a anaforãw: stÆrijh thwepixeirhsiakÆw prvtoboul⁄aw se topik ep⁄pedo, stÆrijh thwefarmogÆw anaptujiak≈n agrotik≈n drasthriotÆtvn kaienyãrrunsh miaw politikÆw energo sugkrthshw tou anyr≈pinoudunamiko thw perioxÆw me prosanatolism prow tiw diãforewmorf°w autoapasxlhshw.
53C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
SSttxxooii kkaaii sskkooppoo⁄⁄Y°tontaw san shme⁄o ekk⁄nhshw thn prosoxÆ me thn opo⁄a oi
tre⁄w eta⁄roi antimetvp⁄zoun tiw anãgkew tou koinvniko sunlouthw perioxÆw touw kai thn drasthrithta pou anaptÂssoun gia thnajiolghsh thw politistikÆw kai periballontikÆw klhronomiãw, °tsi ≈ste na ejasfal⁄zetai °na yetik apot°lesma ap pleurãwoikonomikÆw kai koinvnikÆw anãptujhw, to sÂnolo tvn energei≈n touprogrãmmatow apobl°poun sth ulopo⁄hsh tvn aklouyvn stxvn:
Geniko⁄ stxoiA) Na jeperaste⁄ h paradosiakÆ °nnoia tou mouse⁄ou kai na
uposthrixye⁄ h dhmiourg⁄a enw diktÂou oikologik≈n mouse⁄vnse topik kai eurvpaÚk ep⁄pedo.
B) Na uposthrixye⁄ h koinvniko-oikonomikÆ anãptujh tvnendiaferom°nvn periox≈n, me th dhmiourg⁄a kainoÂrgivnergasiak≈n dunatotÆtvn, Æ me thn en⁄sxush tvn Ædhuparxntvn, stouw tome⁄w tou polistiko kai peribalontikoÂtourismoÂ.
G) Na anaptuxye⁄ mia stenÆ sunergas⁄a metaj tvn eta⁄rvn kaina ejasfalisye⁄ mia paragvgikÆ antallagÆ gn≈sevn kaiempeiri≈n se diakratik ep⁄pedo.
D) Na metadoye⁄ h texnognvs⁄a (know-how) kai oi katãllhlewmeyodolog⁄ew ston °llhna eta⁄ro.
E) Na koinopoihyoÂn ta apotel°smata pou epiteÂxyhkan.
Leitourgiko⁄ stxoi1. Na dhmiourghyoÂn oi apara⁄thtew sunyÆkew gia ton
peiramatism tou organismo tou oikologiko mouse⁄ou sthnEllãda, na idruye⁄ °naw sugkekrim°now ariymw oikologik≈nmouse⁄vn sthn Ital⁄a kai na uposthrixyoÂn ta upãrxontamouse⁄a sthn Ispan⁄a.
2. Na kayoristoÂn diadikas⁄ew sunergas⁄aw pou na empl°kountouw dhmsiouw fore⁄w allã kai touw topikoÂw oikonomikoÂwparãgontew gia thn pragmatopo⁄hsh tvn diafrvndrasthriotÆtvn.
3. Na diorganvyoÂn enhmervtik°w episk°ceiw gia na dieukolunye⁄h sÂgkrish me tiw empeir⁄ew tvn ãllvn eta⁄rvn kai naepibebaivye⁄ h xrhsimopoioÂmenh meyodolog⁄a sto sxediasmkai thn diaxe⁄rhsh tvn oikologik≈n mouse⁄vn.
4. Na g⁄nei svstÆ ekmetãlleush lvn tvn dunatotÆtvn thwsÂgxronhw texnolog⁄aw, kur⁄vw gia thn dhmiourg⁄aplhroforik≈n programmãtvn pou ya dieukolÂnoun to koin sthxrÆsh tou mouse⁄ou.
5. Na diadoyoÂn ta apotel°smata pou epiteÂxyhkan m°sv thwdhmos⁄eushw miaw leptomeroÂw °kyeshw pãnv stiw topik°w kaidiakratik°w empeir⁄ew kai m°sv thw diorgãnvshw enw telikoÂsunedr⁄ou.
DDuunnaammiikk°°ww ttoouu ppaarrtteennaarriiããttoouuGia na epiteuxye⁄ h pragmatopo⁄hsh aut≈n tvn stxvn oi tre⁄w
eta⁄roi °xoun afier≈sei poll°w en°rgeiew sthn dhmiourg⁄a kai tonsuntonism tvn diafrvn topik≈n en≈sevn, °tsi ≈ste naejasfal⁄zetai xi mno h epiyumhtÆ pros°ggish bottom-upkaisunep≈w mia energopo⁄hsh tou endogenoÂw dunamikoÂ, allã kaimia megalÂterh euaisyhtop⁄hsh vw prow tiw euyÂnew kai miakalÂterh dianomÆ tou frtou ergas⁄aw anãmesa stouwendiafermenouw parãgontew. Ap autÆ th skopiã e⁄nai polÂendiaf°rousa h esvterikÆ sÂstash tvn diafrvn eta⁄rvn poudiaf°rei tso ston ariym kai thn tupolog⁄a tvn for°vn pousummet°xoun (dhmsiow tom°aw, idi≈tew, mikto⁄ fore⁄w) so kaisthn dunatthta allhlep⁄drashw me °na diaforopoihm°no koin(topikÆ autodio⁄khsh, sxole⁄a, panepistÆmia, sunetairismo⁄,politistiko⁄ sÂllogoi, n°oi, hlikivm°noi, guna⁄kew). AutÆ hpros°ggish °xei epitÂxei kainoÂrgia ep⁄peda kai morf°wsunergas⁄aw kur⁄vw stiw peript≈seiw thw Ellãdaw kai thw Ital⁄aw.
Sthn italikÆ per⁄ptvsh, h Eparx⁄a tou Tor⁄nou entpise treiwperiox°w pou mporoÂn na dromologhyoÂn oi drasthrithtew touprogrãmmatow kai frntise Ædh na °ryei se epafÆ me tiw ant⁄stoixewtopik°w autodioikÆseiw (DÆmow Coazzesthn koilada tou Sangone, horeinÆ Kointhta Valli di Lanzokai h oreinÆ Kointhta Val Pellice)1
54 C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
1 H OreinÆ Kointhta e⁄nai °naw topikw for°aw pou en≈nei mikroÂw oikismoÂw seorein°w periox°w tou Piemnte, me bãsh kritÆria oikonomikã, koinvnikã kaipolitistikã. O kÂriow stxow tou for°a e⁄nai na provyÆsei thn genikterh anãptujhtvn orein≈n periox≈n sÂmfvna me programmatikoÂw ãjonew pou kayor⁄zontai ap thnEparx⁄a kai thn Perif°reia.
55
EPARXIA TOU TORINOU
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DDUUNNAAMMIIKKEESS TTOOUU PPAARRTTEENNAARRIIAATTOOUU
gia na ejakrib≈sei thn diayesimthta kai thn sÂgklish tvn stxvn.Se autÆn thn pr≈th diabãymish tou topiko partenariãtou hEparx⁄a diatÆrhse °nan prvtarxik rlo suntonismo kaiep⁄blechw tou xronodiagrãmmatow ergas⁄aw kayor⁄zontaw, bãseisumfvn⁄aw me kay°nan ap touw endiafermenouw fore⁄w, touwtrpouw ulopo⁄hshw tvn upoxre≈sevn kai analambãnontaw thneuyÂnh na ejasfal⁄sei sto prgramma thn apara⁄thth politikÆupostÆrijh kai thn apara⁄thth dhmosithta.
Ap praktikÆw pleurãw, oi tre⁄w topiko⁄ fore⁄w pou pa⁄rnoun m°rowsto prgramma ep°lejan touw topikoÂw sunergãtew touw gia nadhmiourgÆsoun yematik°w omãdew ergas⁄aw: mikr°w kointhtew tvnperiox≈n pou endiaf°roun to prgramma, sxole⁄a, sÂllogoi eynikÆwant⁄stashw, eidiko⁄ meletht°w, sunetairismo⁄ kai ãlloi. To topikpartenariãto anaptÂxyhke katã sun°peia se tr⁄a ep⁄peda, dÂo ap taopo⁄a politikã (Eparx⁄a kai TopikÆ Autodio⁄khsh/ Orein°wKointhtew) kai °na oikonomik – non profit(sunetairismo⁄ kai ãlloidiãforoi fore⁄w) pou ep°trecan ap th mia pleurã thn epikÂrvsh tvnpolitiko-strathgik≈n desm≈n anãmesa stiw drasthriopoioÂmenewtopik°w autodioikÆseiw kai ap thn ãllh thn isxuropo⁄hsh tvnergasiak≈n sx°sevn me fore⁄w idivtikoÂw kai mÆ pou droÂn sthnperioxÆ se mia prooptikÆ anãptujhw kai euhmer⁄aw. T°low upÆrjanmeriko⁄ organismo⁄ pou an°ptujan apeuye⁄aw sx°seiw me thn Eparx⁄atou Tor⁄nou sxetikã me kãpoiew eidik°w armodithtew: to anaptujiakpraktore⁄o Codexpou an°labe ton suntonism kai thn ep⁄blech toudiakratiko partenariãtou, tiw sx°seiw me thn EpitropÆ kai tonprogrammatism tvn drasthriotÆtvn maz me thn Eparx⁄a: toPolutexne⁄o tou Tor⁄nou pou san episthmonikw ex°gguow tou topikoÂprogrãmmatow asxole⁄tai kur⁄vw me thn paragvgÆ tou plhroforikoÂm°rouw: to Istorik InstitoÂto thw Ant⁄stashw san shme⁄o anaforãwgia thn mel°th tvn istorik≈n periexom°nvn pou aforoÂn to prgramma.
To sÂsthma leitourg⁄aw tou °llhna eta⁄rou parousiãzeiomoithtew me to italik me thn diaforã ti oi t°ssereiw TEDK pouapart⁄zoun thn Envsh TEDK DutikÆw Makedon⁄aw metaxeir⁄sthkangia pr≈th forã °nan sxetikã kainoÂrgio organism gia na dieuyÂnoun°na koinotik prgramma. H Envsh TEDK ya mporoÂse na xarakthri-ste⁄ san mia etaire⁄a topik≈n autodioikÆsevn oi opo⁄ew, bãsei enwsumfvnhm°nou progrãmmatow, ejousiodotoÂn °na koin rgano naanalãbei thn politikÆ touw ekpros≈pish, epil°gontaw na kratÆsoun
gia tiw ⁄diew °nan pi leitourgik rlo se praktik ep⁄pedo. O suno-likw suntonismw tou progrãmmatow anat°yhke sthn Envsh TEDKKozãnhw, pou °xei Ædh arketÆ empeir⁄a sthn diaxe⁄rhsh koinotik≈nprogrammãtvn. Ep⁄shw, kai se autÆn thn per⁄ptvsh, h Envsh TEDKsunergãsthke gia thn pragmatopo⁄hsh tvn drasthriotÆtvn meãllouw topikoÂw fore⁄w anãloga me tiw praktik°w anagkaithtew pouprobl°pontan: to PanepistÆmio Yessalon⁄khw kai oi Organ≈seiw thwEynikÆw Ant⁄stashw gia thn istorikÆ °reuna, diãforoi oikonomiko⁄parãgontew gia thn ulopo⁄hsh ãllvn proÚntvn, ejeidikeum°nouwepaggelmat⁄ew kai ãllouw topikoÂw fore⁄w (pvw gia parãdeigma hEfore⁄a ArxaiotÆtvn) gia diãforew anay°seiw. Se genik°w gramm°wpãntvw, sthn per⁄ptvsh tou ellhniko partenariãtou, param°neiepikrat°sterh h parous⁄a kai o rlow tvn for°vn thw topikÆwdio⁄khshw se bãrow miaw pi ousiastikÆw summetoxÆw tvn ãllvntopik≈n paragntvn kai kur⁄vw tou idivtiko tom°a. Mia pi isor-rophm°nh katanomÆ tvn rlvn ya Ætan epiyumhtÆ giat⁄ e⁄nai alÆyeiati eãn apo thn mia pleurã o dhmsiow for°aw egguãtai gia thnpolitikÆ upostÆrijh, thn xrhmatodthsh kai thn eure⁄a koinopo⁄hshtou progrãmmatow, ap thn ãllh meriã o idivtikw tom°aw suneisf°reise mia megalÂterh pros°ggish tou topiko koinvniko isto °tsi ≈stena epitugxãnetai mia pragmatikÆ oikonomikÆ anãptujh.
Ap ta xarakthristikã tou ispaniko partenariãtou ant⁄yeta,prokÂptei to gegonw ti to CEDERperirise drastikã ta pla⁄siadien°rgeiaw tou progrãmmatow me apot°lesma na elattvye⁄ kai oariymw tvn for°evn pou kaloÂntai na summet°xoun stiwdiadikas⁄ew. Prãgmati, se autÆ thn per⁄ptvsh, oi topiko⁄ eta⁄roiepil°ghsan ousiastikã me bãsh thn leitourgikthtã touw giaorism°new sugkekrim°new anãgkew, pvw gia parãdeigma h paragvgÆm°svn plhroforikÆw kai epikoinvniaw (b⁄nteo, CD-Rom, optikoakou-stikã m°sa klp.) kai xi epeidÆ xrhs⁄meuan sthn upostÆrijh kai thnprobolÆ thw prvtoboul⁄aw se topik ep⁄pedo. Opvw Ædhupogramm⁄sthke, to CEDERe⁄nai °naw afilokerdÆw SÂllogow miktÆwdhmosio-idivtikÆw fÂsevw pou ed≈ kai arketã xrnia °xei analãbeiton rlo tou sull°kth kai dianom°a koinotik≈n kondul⁄vn me skopthn upostÆrijh topik≈n drasthriotÆtvn touristikÆw, oikonomikÆwkai politistikÆw fÂsevw sthn perioxÆ thw Serranía de Ronda:autw orlow ep°trece sto CEDERna kerd⁄sei thn anagn≈rish ek m°rouwtvn dhmsivn for°vn kay≈w kai tvn idivtik≈n paragntvn.
56 C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
T°low, eãn gia tiw t°ssereiw TEDK thw ellhnikÆw pleurãw autÆe⁄nai h pr≈th forã pou sunergãzontai me trpo suntonism°no gia°na koinotik prgramma, kai vw ek toÂtou e⁄nai anagka⁄a hejakr⁄bvsh kai h teleiopo⁄hsh tvn meydvnsunergas⁄aw, o italw eta⁄row kai kur⁄vw o ispanw°xoun Ædh apoktÆsei pãgeia empeir⁄a sth suner-gas⁄a me touw topikoÂw parãgontew.
H diãryrvsh tou topiko partenariãtouephr°ase fusikã kai thn dunamikÆ thwsÂmprajhw se diakratik ep⁄pedo.Arxikã h sunergas⁄a e⁄xe organvye⁄ metrpo ≈ste na epitr°pei thn metaforãtexnognvs⁄aw kur⁄vw se dÂokateuyÂnseiw:
• italw eta⁄row ➔ °llhnaw kai ispanweta⁄row son aforã thn genikÆ orgãnvsh kaithn praktikÆ kai oikonomikÆ diaxe⁄rhsh tou koino-tiko progrãmmatow, sumperilambanom°nou tou diakra-tiko partenariãtou: h dhmiourg⁄a enw topiko partenariã-tou strathgikã diaforopoihm°nou °tsi ≈ste na par°xetai hkatallhlterh domÆ gia thn diaxe⁄rhsh tvn drasthriotÆtvntou sxed⁄ou.
• ispanw eta⁄row ➔ italw kai °llhnaw eta⁄row son aforãthn orgãnvsh kai thn diaxe⁄rhsh tou oikologiko mouse⁄ou,kai son aforã tiw strathgik°w en⁄sxushw tvn Ædhuparxntvn protÂpvn.
O pr≈tow kÂklow enhmervtik≈n episk°cevn anãmesa stouwtre⁄w eta⁄rouw °dvse thn eukair⁄a na sugkentrvyoÂn xrÆsimewplhrofor⁄ew xi mno sxetikã me to yesmik pla⁄sio m°sa stoopo⁄o droÂn oi tre⁄w eta⁄roi allã kai pãnv stiw meydouwpar°mbashw tou kayenw touw. To pi shmantik apot°lesmaaut≈n tvn pr≈tvn antallag≈n upÆrje, pvw Ætan epiyumht, oentopismw orism°nvn sugkekrim°nvn ped⁄vn koinoÂendiaf°rontow:– h shmas⁄a thw anãdeijhw thw koinÆw istorikÆw klhronomiãwmetaj italo kai °llhna eta⁄rou, pou anaf°retai sthn per⁄odokatã thn opo⁄a emfan⁄sthkan ta eynikã kinÆmata ant⁄stashw
enãntia stiw fasisto-nazistik°w dunãmeiw ston DeÂteroPagksmio Plemo:– o shmantikw rlow tvn sunetairism≈n sto italik kai ispanik
°dafow, san koinvniko-oikonomiko⁄ parãgontew pou °xounthn dunatthta dhmiourg⁄aw n°vn y°sevn ergas⁄aw ston
touristik kai ton politistik tom°a kai y°toun tiwbãseiw miaw diarkoÂw ej°lijhw thw topikÆw oiko-
nom⁄aw.
Se suntonism me autoÂw touw n°ouwprosanatolismoÂw, o deÂterow kÂklow
episk°cevn °gine aformÆ gia:– na sunanthyoÂn oi ekprsvpoi tvn dÂo ap
touw tre⁄w italikoÂw sunetairismoÂw pousummet°xoun sto prgramma me touwispanoÂw sunad°lfouw touw, kai na
dromologhye⁄ mia parãyesh tvn empeiri≈n touoikologiko mouse⁄ou pou dhmiourgÆyhke sthn
Benalauríakai miaw etaire⁄aw paragvgÆw marmelãdaw stoMontejaque, amfterew dhmiourgÆmata tvn topik≈n sunetairism≈n:– na prosklhye⁄ °na m°low thw EpitropÆw Colle del Lyssthn hmer⁄da
pou diorgan≈yhke ap to DÆmo tou Tsotul⁄ou sthn Ellãda gia naprovyhye⁄ h ⁄drush enw istoriko arxe⁄ou kai na parousiastoÂnta pr≈ta apotel°smata thw °reunaw pou °kane to PanepistÆmioYessalon⁄khw pãnv sto Ellhnik Antistasiak K⁄nhma.2
Oi antallag°w plhrofori≈n kai oi epaf°w pou kat°sthsandunat°w xãrh stiw episk°ceiw aut°w ep°trecan mia shmantikÆej°lijh tvn periexom°nvn thw sunergas⁄aw pou odÆghse stonentopism pi sugkekrim°nvn periox≈n koino endiaf°rontow kaiyematik≈n diadikasi≈n sta pla⁄sia tvn opo⁄vn probl°petai hãmesh pargvgÆ texnognvs⁄aw.
57C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
2 H EpitropÆ Ant⁄stashw tou Colle del Lys e⁄nai mia italikÆ epitropÆ pou °xei dia-morfvye⁄ se eparxiak ep⁄pedo gia na provyÆsei prvtoboul⁄ew kai ekdhl≈seiw sxe-tik°w me to y°ma thw Ant⁄stashw kai thw anãkthshw thw istorikÆw mnÆmhw eke⁄nvn tvnxrnvn. Thw EpitropÆw proedreÂei o Predrow thw Eparx⁄aw tou Tor⁄nou kai pa⁄rnei tonomã thw ap ton lfo pãnv ston opo⁄o °xei anegerye⁄ mnhme⁄o sth mnÆmh tvn 2024pesntvn thw Koilãdaw thw Susa, tou Lanzo, Sangonekai Chisone.
58 C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
....kai epil°xyhkan treiw topoyes⁄ew: 1. H koilãda tou potamo Sangone, pou apo to 1943 upÆrje
°naw apo touw katejoxÆn x≈rouw pou diadramat⁄sthke o ag≈nawgia thn apeleuy°rvsh apo ton nazism-fasism.
2. H koilãda tou Lanzome ton Lfo tou Lys pouantiprosvpeÂei °nan x≈ro idia⁄tera megãlhw aj⁄aw apo istorikÆ,fusikÆ kai politistikÆ ãpoch.3. H koilãda Pellice pou dhmiourgÆyhkan poll°w antartik°w
omãdew, allã e⁄nai ep⁄shw onomastÆ gia thndiadikas⁄a ejrrujhw tou gneiss.
KKooiillããddaa ttoouu SangoneTo sx°dio ekponÆyhke apo thn KointhtaCoazzesÂmfvna me treiw tome⁄wpar°mbashw:1. SullogÆ kai katax≈rhsh tou diay°simou
istoriko uliko gia thn per⁄odo touantistasiako ag≈na. GiÉaut tonskop h Kointhta prox≈rhse sthn
dhmiourg⁄a miaw omãdaw ergas⁄aw pouapotele⁄tai apo pr≈hn antistasiakoÂw
thw perioxÆw, me thn summetoxÆ kai tvnistorik≈n Gianni Olivakai Claudio Della Valle,tvn mayht≈n tou Gumnas⁄ou “Blaise Pascal”thwKointhtaw Giaveno:h omãda °xei vw apostolÆthn sullogÆ kai thn katax≈rhsh
ntokoum°ntvn istorikÆw shmas⁄aw, thn diejagvgÆsunenteÂjevn kai thn pragmatopo⁄hsh enw video-ntokumant°r.
H °reuna oloklhr≈yhke me thn katagrafÆ 500 per⁄pou eiknvn se°na plhroforik databasekai me thn paragvgÆ enw b⁄nteo me thnprooptikÆ aut to ulik na arxeioyethye⁄ sto m°llon se °nakatãllhlo optik database.
To sugkentrvm°no ulik xrhsimopoiÆyhke gia thn dhmiourg⁄aenw uperkeim°nou uchlÆw episthmonikÆw aj⁄aw (pou ulopoiÆyhkexãrh sthn oikonomikÆ suneisforã thw Kointhtaw Coazze) kai giathn suggrafÆ tou multimedialodhgo “Ta monopãtia thwAnt⁄stashw” pou epimelÆyhke to Polutexne⁄o touTor⁄nou.
2. Diamrfvsh enw ekyesiako x≈rou afiervm°nou sthnAnt⁄stash, m°sa sto pali kt⁄rio tou Dhmarxe⁄ou. O x≈row autw
TA TOPIKA SXEDIA
Aw ejetãsoume t≈ra diejodikã poio⁄ Ætan oi ãjonew par°mbashwpãnv stouw opo⁄ouw enÆrghse o kãye eta⁄row jexvristã.
TToo IIttaalliikk ssxx°°ddiioo
To italik sx°dio skopeÂei stonentopism kai thn diamrfvsh oiko-
mouseiak≈n diadrom≈n °peita apo miaemperistatvm°nh °reuna tou Polutexne⁄ou touTor⁄nou pãnv sta xarakthristikã gnvr⁄smatathw istoriko-politistikÆw klhronomiãw tvndiafrvn agrotik≈n kai orein≈n periox≈nthw eparx⁄aw. H epilogÆ tou oikologikoÂmouse⁄ou san programmatiko m°souyevrÆyhke shmantikÆ gia thn katagrafÆkai thn anãdeijh stoixe⁄vn pou epibi≈nounakmh kai sÆmera sthn perioxÆ kaimarturoÂn thn kayhmerinÆ kai ergasiakÆistor⁄a tvn koinotÆtvn, topoyetntaw ta stosvst oikonomik, koinvnik, politistik kaiperiballontologik pla⁄sio.
Gia thn ep⁄teujh tvn stxvn tou sxed⁄oukayor⁄sthkan dÂo ãjonew...
1. “Apo th mnÆmh sthn EirÆnh” me skop na anagnvrisye⁄ hprosforã tvn orein≈n plhyusm≈n sto Antistasiak k⁄nhma kaiston Ag≈na gia thn EynikÆ Apeleuy°rvsh (1943-45) kai na g⁄noungnvst°w oi shmantik°w topoyes⁄ew tou antistasiako ag≈na:
2. “To shmãdi thw p°traw” me skop na ereunhye⁄, sta pla⁄siatvn yemãtvn thw prvto-biomhxan⁄aw, mia shmantikÆdrasthrithta pvw autÆ thw ejrrujhw topikÆw p°traw giaarxitektonikÆ xrÆsh.1
1 O pr≈tow ãjonaw aforã kai tiw treiw periox°w, en≈ o deÂterow mno thn Val Pellice.
°xei °nan rlo zvtikÆw shmas⁄aw xi mnon gia thnesvterikÆ diergas⁄a tou oikologiko mouse⁄ou allã kaigeniktera gia thn leitourgikthta pou ton xarakthr⁄zei.Prãgmati, den prkeitai gia °nan statik x≈ro pou apl≈wekt⁄yentai keimÆlia, allã gia °nan zvntan x≈ro pouefodiãzei ton episk°pth me mia genikÆ ãpoch tvn endiaferntvnpou prosf°rei h perioxÆ, m°sa apo bibl⁄a kai ãlla tupvm°nantokoum°nta, xãrtew, b⁄nteo kai proÚnta multimedia (polum°sa).To mouse⁄o ensvmat≈netai me armonik trpo se mia domÆ poufilojene⁄ kai to laografik mouse⁄o kai to didaktik ergastÆrio.
3. Entpish tessãrvn orein≈n kuklik≈n diadrom≈n sunolikoÂmÆkouw 36 per⁄pou xlm. odoipor⁄aw, pou en≈noun tiw pioshmantik°w topoyes⁄ew tou antistasiako ag≈na: hperioxÆ thw Kointhta Coazze, h koilãda tou Sangonetto,h perioxÆ Ciargiurkai h koilãda tou Sangone. Tso oentopismw so kai h ajiopo⁄hsh tvn monopati≈n°ginan apo ton sunetairism Pan Aleghe. Se autn tontom°a perilambãnetai kai h diamrfvsh kai hleitourg⁄a tou Alpinistiko Spitio tou Forno stopali Dhmotik Sxole⁄o. To kt⁄rio, pouxrhsimopoie⁄tai ousiastikã san x≈row filojen⁄aw kaijen≈naw, diay°tei 35 krebãtia kay≈w kai 2 a⁄yousewdiay°simew gia didaktik°w drasthrithtew.
KKooiillããddaa ttoouu LanzoTo sx°dio sunton⁄sthke apo thn oreinÆ Kointhta Valli di Lanzo
kai aforã:1. thn dien°rgeia miaw istorikÆw °reunaw pãnv stiw diadrom°w
kai tiw topoyes⁄ew pou shmadeÂthkan katã th diãrkeia thwAnt⁄stashw ston B’ Pagksmio Plemo:
2. thn diamrfvsh, ton kayarism kai thn diãnoijh enworism°nou ariymo orein≈n monopati≈n pouxrhsimopoiÆyhkan apo touw antãrtew, me skop naanabi≈sei °na kommãti thw istor⁄aw kai na g⁄nei ktÆmalvn m°sa apo enallaktik°w diadrom°w.Tso son aforã thn pragmatopo⁄hsh thw °reunaw so kaithn diamrfvsh tvn monopati≈n, h Kointhta an°yese to°rgo se dÂo topikoÂw sunetairismoÂw. O Sunetairismw La
MeridianadiejÆgage thn °reuna sxetikã me thn Ant⁄stash stiwperiox°w tou Lanzokai thw Susa, bãsei ntokoum°ntvnistorikÆw kai politistikÆw aj⁄aw kai sunenteÂjevn pousunell°ghsan ep⁄ tpou. Ena m°row auto tou ulikoÂxrhsimopoiÆyhke gia thn paragvgÆ enw b⁄nteo kai thn
°kdosh tou multimedialodhgoÂ. O Sunetairismw C.S.A.asxolÆyhkeme ta antistasiakã monopãtia, kayar⁄zontaw ta dÂsbata kommãtiakai janano⁄gontaw eke⁄na pou ousiastikã e⁄xan me⁄neiaxrhsimopo⁄hta. Sunolikã prkeitai gia dÂo diadrom°w poubr⁄skontai sthn perioxÆ tou Lfou tou Lys kai emp⁄ptoun sthndikaiodos⁄a thw Kointhtaw Viù (Valli di Lanzo) kai thw Kointhtaw
Rubiana(kãtv koilãda thw Susa) gia °na sÂnolo 14 xlm.odoipor⁄aw. Oi ergas⁄ew diãnoijhw peri°laban kai orism°na
kommãtia fusiolatriko endiaf°rontow poudiamorf≈yhkan ejoplism°new periox°w gia thnstãymeush tvn episkept≈n me katãllhlhshmatodthsh kai enhmervtikã stoixe⁄a pvw autãpou xrhsimopoiÆyhkan sth Val Sangonekai Val Pellice.
H par°mbash se autÆn thn perioxÆ e⁄xe san skopkai thn anaka⁄nhsh tou pr≈hn Fulak⁄ou pou
br⁄sketai sto Lfo tou Lys kai prkeitai nafilojenÆsei °na k°ntro plhrofrhshw sxetikã me to
antistasiak k⁄nhma. AutÆ h par°mbashpragmatopoiÆyhke xãrh sthn xrhmatodthsh thw Eparx⁄aw
tou Tor⁄nou.
KKooiillããddaa ttoouu Val PelliceH oreinÆ Kointhta Val Pellicexeir⁄sthke apeuye⁄aw lew tiw
drasthrithtew pou pro°blepe to sx°dio, dhmiourg≈ntaw dÂoomãdew ergas⁄aw, mia sxetikÆ me ta antartikã monopãtia kai hãllh me to mouse⁄o ejrrujhw thw p°traw.
H pr≈th omãda, apartizmenh apo ekpros≈pouw tvntopik≈n antistasiak≈n sullgvn, °nan antiprsvpo thwKointhtaw thw Angrogna, °nan odhg-jenag gn≈sth thwperioxÆw kai treiw ekpros≈pouw thw OreinÆw Kointhtaw,kat°grace kai an°luse ta upãrxonta istorikãntokoum°nta pou aforoÂn thn parous⁄a antartik≈nomãdvn sthn perioxÆ. Katã thn diãrkeia thw fãshw thw
59C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
sullogÆw tou uliko sunergãsthkan meriko⁄ istoriko⁄ kai toLÂkeio tou Bricherasio. Bãsei thw mel°thw pou °gine, entop⁄sthkantr⁄a monopãtia pou diaklad⁄zontai anãmesa sthn koilãda thwAngrognakai to Bricherasio, akolouy≈ntaw treiw kuklik°wdiadrom°w sunolikÆw odoipor⁄aw per⁄pou 6 vr≈n. Ta monopãtiakayar⁄sthkan, ano⁄xthkan kai shmãnyhkan me thn ⁄dia sÆmanshpou xrhsimopoiÆyhke kai stiw ãllew dÂo periox°w kai shmei≈yhkansto xãrth thw Val Pellice. DiejÆxyh ep⁄shw mia laografikÆ °reunagÂrv apo ton oikism La Barma, pou br⁄sketai pãnv apo thnAngrogna,kai h opo⁄a upÆrje h afethr⁄a gia °na sx°dioanapala⁄vshw me skop thn anãdeijh enw kommatio thw zvÆw touoikismoÂ, apo ta pr≈ta xrnia tou ai≈na kai °vw tou oi antãrtewãrxisan na tup≈noun eke⁄ thn pr≈th touw efhmer⁄da “Il Pioniere”.
H deÂterh omãda ergas⁄aw asxolÆyhke me thn anãdeijh kai thnprobolÆ miãw topikÆw parãdoshw sundedem°nhw me thn epejergas⁄atou gneiss, pou gia ta pr≈ta 50 xrnia tou ai≈na antipros≈peusethn kÂria ergasiakÆ drasthrithta tvn kato⁄kvn thwKointhtaw Roràkai tvn gÂrv periox≈n. Stxoi tousxed⁄ou Ætan: 1) h diamrfvsh enw ekyesiako x≈rou stokt⁄rio tou eynologiko mouse⁄ou tvn ValdesisthnKointhta Roràkai 2) h parous⁄ash tvn paradosiak≈nfãsevn epejergas⁄aw thw p°traw kai merik≈n stigmiotÂpvnergas⁄aw m°sa se °na egkataleleimm°no pia oruxe⁄o. Toulik kai ta ntokoum°nta pou sugkentr≈yhkan xrhs⁄meusansthn °kdosh enw fullad⁄ou me y°ma ta oruxe⁄a thw perioxÆw kaith zvÆ tvn ergat≈n kay≈w kai sthn pragmatopo⁄hsh enw b⁄nteokai merik≈n epejhghmatik≈n pinãkvn. H omãda ergas⁄awapoteloÂntan apo °nan ekprsvpo thw Kointhtaw Rorà, apo °nan
ekprsvpo tou Concistoro, °nan jenagkai tr⁄a m°lh thw OreinÆw Kointhtaw.
Oi treiw periox°w tou italikoÂsxed⁄ou shmatodotoÂn me autn tontrpo, kayemiã touw me tiw idiaitertht°wthw, merikã apo ta ka⁄ria shme⁄a tvnoiko-mouseiak≈n diadrom≈n sthn
Eparx⁄a tou Tor⁄nou, pou xarakthr⁄zontai apo thn koinÆparous⁄a istorik≈n odoiporik≈n thw mnÆmhw (monopãtia, topikãmouse⁄a kai eidik°w mel°tew) kay≈w kai x≈rvn thw kayhmerinÆwzvÆw kai ergas⁄aw (oikismw, oruxe⁄o).
H suntonism°nh autÆprospãyeia apobl°peisthn anãptujhkainoÂrgivn
diadikasi≈n pou yabohyÆsoun sto na g⁄nei
gnvstÆ h perioxÆ ximnon se souw
asxoloÂntai epaggelmatikãme to y°ma allã kai stouwkato⁄kouw thw, sta sxole⁄a,stouw perastikoÂw tour⁄stew, kai se souw ãllouw sund°ontaikatã kãpoion trpo me autã ta m°rh. To epmeno bÆma ya e⁄nai hdhmiourg⁄a enw diktÂou anãmesa se aut°w tiw diadrom°w – apogevgrafikÆ kai apo yevrhtikÆ ãpoch – °tsi ≈ste nadhmiourghye⁄ °naw oloklhrvm°now x≈row-sÂsthma pou ya °xeithn dunatthta, anãloga me thn per⁄stash, na metamorf≈netaise politistik kai epaggelmatik ergastÆri, se sxole⁄o kai x≈ropeiramatismo kay≈w kai se °nan isxur plo °ljhw tourismoÂ,pou ya prosf°rei thn dunatthta ston topik plhyusm naanaptÂjei makrxronh koinvniko-oikonomikÆ drasthrithta.
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TToo EEllllhhnniikk ssxx°°ddiiooH DutikÆ Makedon⁄a e⁄nai xvrism°nh se 4 NomoÂw pou
apoteloÂn to B.D. tmÆma thw Ellãdaw sta sÂnora me thnAlban⁄a kai thn pr≈hn Giougkoslab⁄a. E⁄nai mia kur⁄vworeinÆ perioxÆ, me megãlo orukt kai udrik ploÂto (h D.Makedon⁄a parãgei to 75% thw en°rgeiaw olklhrhw thwx≈raw) h opo⁄a mpore⁄ na perhfaneute⁄ gia dÂo fusikãpãrka: ton Eynik Drum thw Bãllia Kãlnta thwP⁄ndou sto Nom Greben≈n kai to oikosÂsthma tvnPresp≈n sto Nom Fl≈rinaw. Parlo pou oifusiko⁄ proi kai ta touristikã endiaf°rontaafyonoÂn, h perioxÆ e⁄nai sÆmera gnvstÆ gia thn°leich politikÆw programmatismo thw diãsvshw toufusiko ploÂtou kai geniktera tou politistiko kaiistoriko ploÂtou pou apotele⁄ eggÂhsh kaipro#pyesh gia thn pro≈yhsh miaw isorrophm°nhw kaisvstÆw touristikÆw anãptujhw.
O Nomw Kozãnhw e⁄nai o pio ektetam°now kaikatalambãnei thn anatolikÆ pleurã thw perioxÆw. O nomw autwe⁄nai gnvstw gia ta megãla koitãsmata lign⁄th, xrvm⁄ou,amiãntou kai ãllvn petrvmãtvn. O Nomw Greben≈n br⁄sketai stontio tmÆma thw perioxÆw, me saf≈w pio °ntonh agrotikÆ parãdosh.Sta breia br⁄sketai o Nomw Fl≈rinaw pou °xei to megalÂteroposost kalliergÆsimou edãfouw (28%). O Nomw Kastoriãwbr⁄sketai sto B.D. ãkro thw ejetazmenhw perioxÆw allã kai lhwthw Ellãdaw, se mia apo tiw katejoxÆn orein°w z≈new thw x≈raw, seucmetro 800 m. Xarakthristikã stoixe⁄a auto tou Nomo e⁄naimia anyoÂsa biomhxan⁄a gounarik≈n, h opo⁄a apasxole⁄ to 80%tvn kato⁄kvn, kay≈w kai °na sÂnolo fusik≈n top⁄vn ejairetikÆwomorfiãw.
To ellhnik sx°dio bas⁄zetai sthn prospãyeia aneÂreshwenallaktik≈n dunatotÆtvn anãptujhw se sx°sh me thnbiomhxanikÆ kai thn agrotikÆ parãdosh, m°sa apo to pr⁄sma thwkatapol°mishw thw anerg⁄aw kai thw aujanmenhw egkatãleichwthw perioxÆw, enyarrÂnontaw kai energopoi≈ntaw tiwperiballontik°w phg°w kay≈w kai ton topik istorik kaipolitistik ploÂto. Tautxrona h prospãyeia prosanatol⁄zetaisth dhmourg⁄a miaw ajiloghw touristikÆw prosforãw thw
perif°reiaw, parãllhlhw me ta gnvstã kukl≈mata tou“yalãssiou tourismo” gia ta opo⁄a h Ellãda e⁄naifhmism°nh.
Sta pla⁄sia tou sxed⁄ou entop⁄sthkan treiwbasiko⁄ ãjonew:1. Istorikw
2. Arxaiologikw3. Touristikw – Periballontikw.
Sta pla⁄sia tou pr≈tou ãjonapragmatopoiÆyhke mia °reuna h opo⁄aanazÆthse tiw istorik°w r⁄zew touantistasiako kinÆmatow enãntia ston
fasism pou anaptÂxyhke sthn perioxÆ metajÂ1940 kai 44. H °reuna °gine se sunergas⁄a me to
Aristot°leio PanepistÆmio Yessalon⁄khw, tonDÆmo Kozãnhw, thn Etaire⁄a Melet≈n Anv Bo˝ou kai
poll°w antistasiak°w organ≈seiw. Gia naeuaisyhtopoihye⁄ o topikw plhyusmw, na diadvyoÂn oi
stxoi kai ta pr≈ta apotel°smata thw prvtoboul⁄aw kai nadieukolunye⁄ h prsbash stiw istorik°w phg°w, diorgan≈yhkan miaseirã apo ekdhl≈seiw anãmesa stiw opo⁄ew kai to Sun°drio stoTsotÂli pou °gine ton IoÂnio tou 1998 me skop na koinopoiÆseithn ⁄drush enw istoriko arxe⁄ouafiervm°nou sto Antistasiak K⁄nhmasthn D. Makedon⁄a. To Sun°drioap°spase to endiaf°ron xi mnon tvneynik≈n for°vn allã kai plÆyouw j°nvnantipros≈pvn. M°sa sta ⁄dia pla⁄siadrasthriotÆtvn pragmatopoiÆyhke miaseirã sunthrÆsevn kai anapalai≈sevnorism°nvn mnhme⁄vn sto Nom Kozãnhwpou e⁄nai afiervm°na se shmantikãepeisdia tou Ag≈na thw EynikÆwApeleuy°rvshw. Ta mnhme⁄a autãfvtografÆyhkan kai sugkentr≈yhkanse °na hmerolgio (“1998 – Mnhme⁄a thwEynikÆw Ant⁄stashw sto Nom Kozãnhw” )
61C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
mia °kdosh thw PanellÆniaw Envshw Agvnist≈n EynikÆwAnt⁄stashw se sunergas⁄a me ton DÆmo Kozãnhw.2
Oson aforã ton arxaiologik ãjona autw epikentr≈netai sthnprobolÆ thw istorikÆw klhronomiãw pou anakalÂfyhke prsfatasthn plh tvn Petr≈n sto Nom Fl≈rinaw. SÂmfvna me tiw mel°tewpou diejÆxyhsan apo thn epoxÆ thw °narjhw tvn anaskaf≈n to 1982prokÂptei ti h plh, pou idrÂyhke ton 3o ai≈na p. X., °fyase sthmegalÂterh akmÆ thw katã thn ellhnistikÆ per⁄odo gia na p°sei separakmÆ ton 1o ai≈na p. X. kai na janakatoikhye⁄ sthn rvmaÚkÆepoxÆ metatopizmenh sto shme⁄o pou br⁄sketai h shmerinÆKointhta tvn Petr≈n. H plh e⁄xe mia ejvterikÆ oxÂrvsh pouperi°kleie °na astik sÂsthma apoteloÂmeno apo dhmsia kaiidivtikã kt⁄ria kai fardi°w levfrouw. H parous⁄a enw kt⁄smatow
me dÂo orfouw dhl≈nei thn istorikÆ sun°xeia me thnxarakthristikÆ arxitektonikÆ lhw thw arxa⁄aw Makedon⁄aw.SÆmera oi anaskaf°w sunex⁄zontai parãllhla me tiw ergas⁄ewanastÆlvshw kai suntÆrhshw tvn eurhmãtvn. Xãrh sto suntonismkai th sunergas⁄a me thn °foro arxaiotÆtvn tou anaskafmenou
x≈rou, kat°sth dunatn na entopistoÂn oi drasthrithtew poumporoÂsan na sumperilhfyoÂn sto sx°dio, kur⁄vw son aforã thnsullogÆ, thn arxeioy°thsh kai thn katagrafÆ tou sugkentrvm°nouulikoÂ. Fusikã to genik sx°dio up ton suntonism tou Upourge⁄ouPolitismo e⁄nai pol eurÂtero kai perilambãnei thn diamrfvshperiox≈n stãymeushw tvn episkept≈n, thn dhmiourg⁄a enwparathrhthr⁄ou pou ya prosf°rei ston episk°pth plhrofor⁄ewsxetikã me tiw touristik°w atrajin, °na katãllhlo sÂsthmasÆmanshw kai thn °kdosh plhroforiako ulikoÂ.
O tr⁄tow ãjonaw afier≈yhke sthn anãdeijh tou EynikoÂDrumo thw Bãllia Kãlnta sthn P⁄ndo kai sta oreinãsugkrotÆmata tou Grãmmou kai tou B⁄tsi pou br⁄skontai sto NomKastoriãw. Kai oi dÂo aut°w periox°w xarakthr⁄zontai apo thnparous⁄a span⁄vn eid≈n xlvr⁄daw kai pan⁄daw kai apo miaplhy≈ra das≈n kai trexoÂmenvn udãtvn.Oi parembãseiw probl°poun:– thn dhmiourg⁄a enw plhroforiako k°ntrou sthn perioxÆ gia na
dieukolÂnei thn prsbash tvn tourist≈n sto pãrko kai nael°gjei apo kontã ton trpo xrÆshw aut≈n tvn orein≈ntopoyesi≈n, me bãsh thn prostas⁄a tou oikologiko sustÆmatow.
– thn paragvgÆ propagandistiko uliko pou na probãlei tontopik touristik ploÂto, tiw idia⁄terew fusiolatrik°wdiadrom°w, ta tupikã proÚnta, thn topograf⁄a, klp.
– thn egkatãstash plhroforiko sustÆmatow gia thn xrÆshproÚntvn multimedia.
Me thn xrhmatodthsh tou Nomo Greben≈nekdyhke °naw touristikw odhgw sxetkw me tonEynik Drum. H plh thw Kastoriãw, mia apo tiwpio endiaf°rousew kai grafik°w pleiw thwperioxÆw xãrh sta ejairetikã arxitektonikãmnhme⁄a buzantinÆw epoxÆw, apofãsise ant⁄yetana egkr⁄nei to sx°dio ⁄drushw enwplhroforiako k°ntrou pou sugkentr≈netaiulik touristiko endiaf°rontow gia lh thnperioxÆ. Gia aut to skop an°labe thnparagvgÆ enw CD-Romsthn agglikÆ gl≈ssa,to opo⁄o parousiãzei ta basikã shme⁄a
62 C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
2 Ta sunthrhy°nta mnhme⁄a e⁄nai to mnhme⁄o thw Ant⁄stashw sto FardÂkampo, o“KÆpow tvn Hr≈vn” stouw PÂrgouw, to mnhme⁄o tvn pesntvn sto Mesbouno kai tomnhme⁄o tvn pesntvn sthn Kozãnh. To hmerolgio perilambãnei 12 mnhme⁄a.
par°mbashw tou ellhniko progrãmmatow kai tiw endiafermenewtopoyes⁄ew.
Sthn per⁄ptvsh tou ellhniko sxed⁄ou mpore⁄ na parathrhye⁄to gegonw ti h pore⁄a tvn °rgvn xarakthr⁄zetai apo mia seirãsugkekrim°nvn parembãsevn oi opo⁄ew, parti antapokr⁄nontai seanãgkew pou entop⁄sthkan apo organismoÂw topikÆw autodio⁄khshwse sunergas⁄a, den e⁄nai akmh oloklhrvtikã allhl°ndetewmetaj touw. Prãgmati, eãn sta pla⁄sia tvn uparxntvnanaptujiak≈n programmãtvn katory≈yhke o entopismworism°nvn topoyesi≈n stiw opo⁄ew na pragmatopoihyoÂn oi drãseiwanãdeijhw kai probolÆw thw laÚkÆw klhronomiãw, ejakolouye⁄ naapousiãzei mia pio genikÆ politikÆ programmatismo kaidiaxe⁄rhshw tvn topik≈n prvn (periballontologik≈n,politistik≈n, oikonomik≈n, klp.) koin≈w apodektÆ apo touwdiãforouw topikoÂw fore⁄w. Me sune⁄dhsh autÆw thw duskol⁄aw, hEnvsh TEDK epik°ntrvse tiw prospãyei°w thw sthn fãsh thwprobolÆw kai enhm°rvshw sxetikã me tiw dromologhm°newdrasthrithtew, front⁄zontaw me megãlh prosoxÆ na apeuyÂneithn plhrofrhsh autÆ kai tiw diãforew en°rgeieweuaisyhtopo⁄hshw xi mnon stiw topik°w arx°w allã kai se lo tokoinvnik sÂnolo.
63C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
TToo IIssppaanniikk ssxx°°ddiiooSe ant⁄yesh me to ellhnik kai to italik prgramma – pou
sthn pr≈th per⁄ptvsh egkainiãsthke mia n°a strathgikÆsunergas⁄aw me thn anãmijh kur⁄vw tvn topik≈n autodioikÆsevnen≈ sth deÂterh t°yhke se leitourg⁄a mia kainoÂrgia meyodolog⁄aergas⁄aw me th summetoxÆ diãforvn topik≈n paragntvn – hperioxÆ thw Serranía de Rondadiay°tei Ædh °nan shmantikariym empeiri≈n son aforã thn sÂgxronh agrotikÆanãptujh diam°sou thw ajiopo⁄hshw tou politistiko kaiperiballontiko ploÂtou. Apo thn arxÆ thw dekaet⁄awtou 1990 to CEDERanaptÂsei °ntonh drasthrithtaprow thn kateÂyunsh thw ejãleichw tvn anisotÆtvnpou katadikãzoun thn Serran⁄a se sÂgkrish me thngeitonikÆ kai pio touristikÆ aktÆ thw Mãlagaw. Autepitugxãnetai me thn pro≈yhsh prvtobouli≈n oiopo⁄ew, ekmetalleumenew ton ploÂto thw topikÆwparãdoshw, katory≈noun na riz≈soun sthn perioxÆkai na ejasfal⁄soun ston topik plhyusm miapragmatikÆ anaptujiakÆ phgÆ. Sta pla⁄siaauto tou sxed⁄ou o ispanw eta⁄rowprot⁄mhse na d≈sei proteraithta xitso sthn katãrtish kai thnulopo⁄hsh n°vnprvtobouli≈n so sthnendunãmvsh tvn Ædhdromologhm°nvn ependÂsevn, m°sv miawseirãw energei≈n pou apobl°poun: – sthn upostÆrhjh thw
emporeumatopo⁄hshw tvntopik≈n agrotik≈n proÚntvnkai thw touristikÆw probolÆwenw diktÂou agrotik≈n
64 C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
jen≈nvn pou idrÂyhkan sthnperioxÆ, xãrh sthn dhmos⁄eushenw b⁄nteo “Agrotikã kaibiotexnikã proÚnta thw Serraníade Ronda”kai miawoptikoakoustikÆw paragvgÆw met⁄tlo “Agrotikw Tourismw sthnSerranía de Ronda”, ta opo⁄aprobãlontai me thn eukair⁄ashmantik≈n sugkentr≈sevn,sunedr⁄vn, politistik≈n ekdhl≈sevn, ekpaideutik≈n dial°jevn:
– sthn paroxÆ plhrofori≈n stouw episk°ptew sxetikã me tiwupãrxousew dunatthtew agrotiko kai politistikoÂtourismoÂ, me trpo ≈ste na aujhye⁄ to touristik reÂma sthnperioxÆ me thn epaklouyh dhmiourg⁄a °mmesvn yetik≈nepipt≈sevn kai se ãllouw oikonomikoÂw tome⁄w pvw obiotexnikw, o jenodoxiakw, klp:
– sthn dhmiourg⁄a °ji k°ntrvn plhrofrhshw, pou ya prosf°rounmia leptomerÆ parous⁄ash thw topikÆw politistikÆwklhronomiãw diam°sou enw CD-Rom, kai ya egkatastayoÂn seshme⁄a megãlhw touristikÆw k⁄nhshw (jenodoxe⁄a, estiatria,mouse⁄a, klp) thw perioxÆw thw Serran⁄aw.
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Stiw epmenew sel⁄dew ya epixeirÆsoume mia pio emperistatvm°nhparous⁄ash tou periexom°nou thw diakratikÆw antallagÆwtexnognvs⁄aw sÂmfvna me touw dÂo basikoÂw ãjonew par°mbashwtou progrãmmatow: thn dhmiourg⁄a oiko-mouseiak≈n diadrom≈nkai thn anãkthsh thw istorikÆw mnÆmhw.
C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
66
DDhhmmoouurrgg⁄⁄aa eennww ddiikkttÂÂoouuooiikkoollooggiikk≈≈nn mmoouussee⁄⁄vvnn
ssee ttooppiikk eepp⁄⁄ppeeddoo
GGEENNIIKKOOIISSTTOOXXOOII
UUppoossttÆÆrrhhjjhh tthhww kkooiinnvvnniikkÆÆwwkkaaii ooiikkoonnoommiikkÆÆww aannããppttuujjhhww
ttvvnn eennddiiaaffeerroomm°°nnvvnn ppeerriiooxx≈≈nn
MMeettããddoosshh ggnn≈≈sseevvnn kkaaiieemmppeeiirrii≈≈nn ssee
ddiiaakkrraattiikk eepp⁄⁄ppeeddoo
KKooiinnooppoo⁄⁄hhsshh ttvvnn eeppiitteeuuxxyy°°nnttvvnnaappootteelleessmmããttvvnn kkaaii pprrooÚÚnnttvvnn
• dhmiourg⁄a tvn katãllhlvnsunyhk≈n gia thn dromolghshempeiri≈n oiko-mouseiak≈ndiadrom≈n
• ⁄drush oikologik≈n mouse⁄vn • edra⁄vsh tvn Ædh uparxntvn
empeiri≈n
LLEEIITTOOUURRGGIIKKOOIISSTTOOXXOOII
• pro≈yhsh miãwdiadikas⁄aw sunergas⁄awmetaj tvn topik≈nparagntvn
• dhmiourg⁄a topik≈npartenariãtvn sediãfora ep⁄peda
• diorgãnvshekpaideutik≈nepisk°cevn
• entopismw tvnkatãllhlvn m°svnepikoinvn⁄aw kaienhm°rvshw
• ulopo⁄hsh topik≈n proÚntvn • diorgãnvsh eukairi≈n diãdoshw
kai antiparãyeshw pou naapeuyÂnontai sto eur koin setopik kai diakratik ep⁄pedo
• ajiolghsh, se topik pla⁄sio,tou apara⁄thtou dunamiko pouya apotel°sei thn bãsh gia thnkataskeuÆ tvn oiko-mouseiak≈ndiadrom≈n
• ekpnhsh enw sxed⁄oupar°mbashw sÂmfvna me tiwperifereiak°w anaptujiak°wkateuyÂnseiw, kai entopismw 3ajnvn par°mbashw (istorikw,arxaiologikw, periballontikw)
• epaf°w me touw topikoÂwparãgontew kai energÆ anãmijhtvn topik≈n autodioikÆsevn
• pr≈tew praktik°w parembãseiw
DDRRAASSTTHHRRIIOOTTHHTTEESS
EELLLLAADDAA • orgãnvsh tou topikoÂpartenariãtou sÂmfvname mia sugkentrvtikÆlogikÆ sta pla⁄sia thwopo⁄aw to politik m°low,pou antiprosvpeÂetai apotiw topik°w autodioikÆseiw,°xei gia to sx°dio °nankayoristik rlo
• summetoxÆ diafrvnparagntvn(PanepistÆmio, idi≈tew,politistiko⁄ sÂllogoi,klp.) me thn anãyeshsugkekrim°nvnarmodiotÆtvn
EEllllããddaa,, IIttaall⁄⁄aa,, IIssppaann⁄⁄aa:
• diorgãnvsh dÂo kÂklvnekpaideutik≈nepisk°cevn stouw ãllouweta⁄rouw, ek tvn opo⁄vn opr≈tow me genikenhmervtik skop en≈ odeÂterow me °mfash se: a)ekt⁄mhsh thw koinÆwpolitistikÆw klhronomiãwmetaj tou °llhna kaitou italo eta⁄rou kai b)rlow tvn sunetairism≈nsthn italikÆ kai ispanikÆpragmatikthta
• ãmesh anãmijh tvndhmsivn kai idivtik≈nfor°vn pou summet°xounsto prgramma(antistasiako⁄,arxaiolgoi, dhmsioiupãllhloi, klp)
• antallagÆplhroforiako ulikoÂpãnv stouw tre⁄w eta⁄rouw
• xrÆsh tvn sunhyism°nvnm°svn epikoinvn⁄aw
TTooppiikk eepp⁄⁄ppeeddoo:
• dÂo seminãria sta pla⁄sia touistoriko ãjona, sto deÂtero apota opo⁄a summete⁄xan ekprsvpoitou Upourge⁄ou kai tvn j°nvneta⁄rvn
• dhmos⁄eush tvn praktik≈n tvnhmer⁄dvn
• dhmos⁄eush enw hmerolog⁄ou mey°ma touw tpouw thw Ant⁄stashw
• CD-Rom parous⁄ashw tvn periox≈npou perilambãnontai sto sx°dio(se agglikÆ gl≈ssa)
• touristikw odhgw• apodelt⁄vsh tÂpou tvn sxetik≈n
me to prgramma ãryrvn pouemfan⁄sthkan ston topik tÂpo
SUNOPTIKOS PINAKAS
67
• entopismw kai epalÆyeush tvndÂo ajnvn par°mbashw(istorikw kaiprvtobiomhxanikw)
• sxedasmw tvn praktik≈nparembãsevn sto ped⁄o drãshw,kataskeuÆ kai diamrfvsh tvnoiko-mouseiak≈n diadrom≈n
• sÂndesh tvn basik≈n oiko-mouseiak≈n kmbvn metaj touw meth boÆyeia tou plhroforiko m°sou
• ⁄drush dÂo oiko-mouseiak≈ndiadrom≈n: 1. mia me y°ma ta monopãtia thw
Ant⁄stashw, koinÆ kai gia tiwtre⁄w periox°w, apoteloÂmenhapo diãfora kombikã shme⁄akentrikã kai perifereiakã
2. mia sunafÆ me thn epejergas⁄athw entpiaw p°traw
IITTAALLIIAA
IISSPPAANNIIAA
• egkay⁄drush n°vn morf≈nsunergas⁄aw metaj tvntopik≈n for°vn se dÂoep⁄peda: °na politikanãmesa stiw topik°wautodioikÆseiw kai °naoikonomik kaiafilokerd°w metajÂidivtik≈n paragntvn,Panepisthm⁄vn, Sxole⁄vn,politistik≈n sullgvn,klp.
• dhmiourg⁄a yematik≈nomãdvn ergas⁄aw se kãyetpo
TTooppiikk eepp⁄⁄ppeeddoo:• °reuna pãnv sto Anistasiak
k⁄nhma stiw tre⁄wprokayorism°new periox°w
• sullogÆ istorik≈n ntokoum°ntvnkai katagrafÆ touw
• database eiknvn arxe⁄ou• b⁄nteo ntokumant°r• diafhmistik ulik• xãrtew• sÆmansh kai pinak⁄dew• multimedial odhgw• sunenteÂjeiw tÂpou gia thn
ejaggel⁄a thw prvtoboul⁄aw kaigia ta egka⁄nia tvn mouse⁄vn
• katãrtish progrãmmatowenergei≈n gia thn edra⁄vsh tvnoiko-mouseiak≈n empeiri≈n kai thwagrotikÆw anãptujhw pou °xounÆdh dromologhye⁄ diam°sou:1. thw upostÆrijhw thw
emporeumatopo⁄hshw tvntopik≈n agrotik≈n proÚntvn
2. thw diãdoshw touristik≈nplhrofori≈n sthn perioxÆ
3. thw diamrfvshwplhroforiak≈n k°ntrvn pou yaprobãloun thn egx≈riatouristikÆ prosforã
• orgãnvsh tvn strathgik≈ntou topiko partenariãtoume thn boÆyeia enworganismo miktÆwdhmosio-idivtikÆw fÂsevwpou °xei katalutik rlokai apo politikÆwapofasistikÆw pleurãwkay≈w kai apo praktikÆworganvtikÆw pleurãw
TTooppiikk eepp⁄⁄ppeeddoo:• b⁄nteo me y°ma thn biotexn⁄a kai
thn paragvgÆ agrotik≈nproÚntvn
• optikoakoustik m°so me y°ma tonagrotik tourism
• CD-Rom me y°ma thn entpiapolitistikÆ klhronomiã
• dhmsiew parousiãseiw tvnproÚntvn me skop thn probolÆtou sxed⁄ou
• apodelt⁄vsh tÂpou tvn sxetik≈nme to prgramma ãryrvn pouemfan⁄sthkan ston topik tÂpo
DDiiaakkrraattiikk eepp⁄⁄ppeeddoo:• °kdosh apologismo (se 4
gl≈ssew) me y°ma thn diakratikÆempeir⁄a
• diorgãnvsh enw teliko dieynoÂwsunedr⁄ou
DDhhmmoouurrgg⁄⁄aa eennww ddiikkttÂÂoouuooiikkoollooggiikk≈≈nn mmoouussee⁄⁄vvnn
ssee ttooppiikk eepp⁄⁄ppeeddoo
GGEENNIIKKOOIISSTTOOXXOOII
UUppoossttÆÆrrhhjjhh tthhww kkooiinnvvnniikkÆÆwwkkaaii ooiikkoonnoommiikkÆÆww aannããppttuujjhhww
ttvvnn eennddiiaaffeerroomm°°nnvvnn ppeerriiooxx≈≈nn
MMeettããddoosshh ggnn≈≈sseevvnn kkaaiieemmppeeiirrii≈≈nn ssee
ddiiaakkrraattiikk eepp⁄⁄ppeeddoo
KKooiinnooppoo⁄⁄hhsshh ttvvnn eeppiitteeuuxxyy°°nnttvvnnaappootteelleessmmããttvvnn kkaaii pprrooÚÚnnttvvnn
TO PERIEXOMENOTVN DIAKRATIKVNANTALLAGVN
TToo ooiikkoollooggiikk MMoouussee⁄⁄oo
Opvw Ædh epishmãnyhke, oi diadikas⁄ew pou entãxyhkan stapla⁄sia tou sxed⁄ou sund°oun metaj touw periox°w me
diaforetik ep⁄pedo anãptujhw. Pi sugkekrim°na eãn sthn Ital⁄a,xãrh sto zvhr endiaf°ron kai thn epidthsh thw Eparx⁄aw touTor⁄nou, Ætan arket na dvye⁄ to °nausma gia to jek⁄nhma thwsxediastikÆw fãshw ≈ste na ulopoihyoÂn mia seirã ap oiko-mouseiak°w diadrom°w, sthn Ellãda oi fore⁄w perior⁄sthkan sto nadhmiourgÆsoun tiw katãllhlew pro#poy°seiw °tsi ≈ste prvtoboul⁄ewauto tou tÂpou na °xoun thn eggÂhsh thw svstÆw upostÆrijhw,kur⁄vw apo politikÆw pleurãw, kai na ejasfal⁄soun ta apara⁄thtam°sa apo ãpoch xrhmatodotÆsevn kai armodiotÆtvn. H metãdoshtexnognvs⁄aw kai h antallagÆ empeiri≈n °ginan sunep≈w katã kÂriolgo metaj tou Italo kai tou Ispano eta⁄rou pou entpisan stooikologik mouse⁄o °nan trpo dhmiourg⁄aw sunergi≈n anãmesa separmoiouw fore⁄w. Kai stiw dÂo peript≈seiw se pr≈to plãnoejetãzontai h perioxÆ, oi kãtoiko⁄ thw, oi prvtoboul⁄ew pou setopik ep⁄pedo °xoun Ædh emfaniste⁄ Æ upãrxoun en dunãmei, hanãgkh dhmiourg⁄aw enw sustÆmatow pou mpore⁄ na ejelixye⁄ setouristik proÚn kai phgÆ oikonomikÆw kai epaggelmatikÆwanãptujhw. Parti oi pro#poy°seiw kai oi stxoi Ætan koino⁄, oi
drasthrithtew pou an°ptuje kãye eta⁄row sthn pore⁄a tou sxed⁄ou,upÆrjan pol diaforetik°w. Sthn Serranía de Rondato sx°diodiamorf≈yhke san mia seirã energei≈n upostÆrhjhw kai diãdoshwprvtobouli≈n Ædh dromologhm°nvn stiw topik°w kointhtew. SeautÆn thn per⁄ptvsh to oikologik mouse⁄o, san suntonism°nhprosforã gia touristikÆ xrÆsh, g⁄netai to shme⁄o sumbolÆw lvntvn dunatotÆtvn pou h perioxÆ °xei na prosf°rei gia na trabÆjeithn prosoxÆ tou koinoÂ: mikr°w mousiak°w sullog°w, topikÆbiotexnikÆ paragvgÆ, oikonomik°w drasthrithtew up morfÆsunetairismoÂ, kur⁄vw ston tom°a thw paragvgÆw kai thwepejergas⁄aw tupik≈n proÚntvn tou tpou. Ola autã d⁄nontawidia⁄terh °mfash apo mia pleurã sthn enyãrrunsh tvn mikr≈nepixeirÆsevn apoteloÂmenvn kur⁄vw apo koinvnik°w tãjeiw pou e⁄naipio euãlvtew sto prblhma thw anerg⁄aw -pvw guna⁄kew kai n°oi-kai apo thn ãllh sthn anaxa⁄thsh thw egkatãlhchw tvn pioapomakrusm°nvn agrotik≈n periox≈n.
Sthn Eparx⁄a tou Tor⁄nou to sx°dio ensvmat≈yhke sta pla⁄siamiaw pio eure⁄aw ye≈rhshw pou e⁄xe san apot°lesma thn dhmiourg⁄aenw diktÂou oikologik≈n mouse⁄vn pou ejapl≈yhke se olklhrhthn eparx⁄a, ton⁄zontaw ta diaforetikã istoriko-periballontikãxarakthristikã. Aut to sx°dio perior⁄sthke se dÂo y°mata: tonistorik ãjona pou sund°etai me thn Ant⁄stash kai ton ãjona pouepikentr≈netai sthn drasthrithta ejrrujhw, katergas⁄aw kaixrÆshw thw p°traw sthn topikÆ arxitektonikÆ. H epilogÆ aut≈n tvndÂo tso diaforetik≈n yemãtvn ep°trece stouw endiafermenouwnaejakrib≈soun to katã pso e⁄nai efarmsimew oi meyodolog⁄ew touoikologiko mouse⁄ou kai na teleiopoiÆsoun touw trpouwpar°mbashw. Lgv thw isxurÆw istorikÆw sunist≈saw tou sxed⁄ouapaitÆyhke h anãptujh diergasi≈n tso se praktik so kai seplhroforik ep⁄pedo, eidikã stiw peript≈seiw pou oi upãrxousewmartur⁄ew den Ætan arket°w gia na epitr°coun mia diejodikÆ mel°thtou kayhmerino peribãllontow zvÆw kai ergas⁄aw.
Epipl°on, h parous⁄a sthn perioxÆ shmantik≈narxitektonik≈n upoleimmãtvn (to oruxe⁄o thw p°traw, ta sp⁄tiatvn ergat≈n sthn per⁄ptvsh thw Val Pellice) sunepãgetai kai miaarxitektonikÆ par°mbash anaka⁄nishw me apaklouyhapasxlhsh ergatiko dunamikoÂ.
68 C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
H plhy≈ra tvn stoixe⁄vn pou suny°toun to Italik sx°dio,odÆghse sthn sunergasia me polloÂw fore⁄w se diaforetikãep⁄peda: apo to Polutexne⁄o tou Tor⁄nou pou °yese sediayesimthta mayhteumenouw gia thn ereunhtikÆ kai sxediastikÆfãsh tvn arxitektonik≈n parembãsevn kai gia thn kataskeuÆ touplhroforiko progrãmmatow, vw touw polÂmorfouw topikoÂwsunetairismoÂw gia thn istorikÆ °reuna, thn proetoimas⁄a kai thnsÆmansh tvn monopati≈n. Ant⁄yeta me thn ispanikÆ per⁄ptvsh pouto oikologik mouse⁄o antiprosvpeÂei sÂmprajh son aforãempeir⁄ew Ædh dromologhm°new kur⁄vw idivtiko xaraktÆra, sthnper⁄ptvsh thw Eparx⁄aw tou Tor⁄nou provye⁄tai t≈ra mia fãshdiaxe⁄rhshw koinÆw summetoxÆw, dhmosio-idivtikÆw.
H dhmiourg⁄a tou oikologiko mouse⁄ou sthn ellhnikÆper⁄ptvsh antiprosvpeÂei thn perãtvsh enw sxed⁄ou sto opo⁄o historikÆ sunist≈sa e⁄nai allhl°ndeth me thn perioxÆ. Eidikterao sundetikw kr⁄kow, kur⁄vw me to italik sx°dio, Ætan h mel°th pou°gine pãnv sto Antistasiak k⁄nhma kai sthn dmhsh enwodoiporiko pou agg⁄zei tiw topoyes⁄ew kai tiw martur⁄ew miaw tso°ntonhw kai shmantikÆw istorikÆw peridou, xi mno gia touwkato⁄kouw thw perioxÆw allã kai gia lh thn Eur≈ph. Se sx°sh methn italikÆ pragmatikthta, pou h istorikÆ °reuna gÂrv apo taantifasistikã kinÆmata e⁄nai pl°on kayiervm°nh, se t°toio shme⁄o≈ste na sunantãtai suxnã kai stiw sxolik°w drasthrithtewgumnas⁄vn kai luke⁄vn, h perioxÆ thw Makedon⁄aw ap°kthse giapr≈th forã m°sv tou progrãmmatow thn dunatthta na proxvrÆseise kainoÂrgiew sunergas⁄ew me katajivm°na institoÂta ereun≈npvw to Aristot°leio PanepistÆmio Yessalon⁄khw, kai tautxronana stayeropoiÆsei makropryesmew sx°seiw me organismoÂw tou
69C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
Ben
alau
ría
To oikologik mouse⁄o sthn BenalauríaupÆrje to parãdeigma pouprotãyhke apo ton Ispan eta⁄ro san mont°lo epituxhm°nhw
ulopo⁄hshw tou oikologiko mouse⁄ou. H id°a gennÆyhke apo °nasx°dio epanajiolghshw tvn paradosiak≈n x≈rvn kai sxhmãtvn
me skop thn anazÆthsh kai anagn≈rish thw eynologikÆwklhronomiãw thw kointhtaw thw Benalauría. To sx°dio perielãmbane
thn anapala⁄vsh enw palio mÂlou elaiotribe⁄ou tou 18ou ai.pou br⁄sketai ston lfo tou xvrioÂ. Ston anakainism°noesvterik x≈ro organ≈yhke °na laografik mouse⁄o pouanaparistãtai to paradosiak peribãllon ergas⁄aw me taparadosiakã ergale⁄a kai sÂnerga. Se °na ãllo shme⁄o tou
xvrio episkeuãsthke °na deÂtero elaiotribe⁄o pou metatrãphkese estiatrio agrotiko tourismo pou serb⁄rontai paradosiakãgeÂmata: epipl°on episkeuãsthkan kai diamorf≈yhkan me topikã
ulikã orism°na dvmãtia gia thn filojen⁄a tvn episkept≈n. Empneust°w auto tou sxed⁄ou e⁄nai °naw sunetairismw n°vn pou
onomãzetai La Molienda, o opo⁄ow ed≈ kai d°ka per⁄pou xrniaapofãsise na ependÂsei sto egx≈rio anyr≈pino dunamik, kãnontawmel°tew kai peiramatizmenow °na agrotik anaptujiak prtupo gia
na katapolem⁄sei thn sunexizmenh egkatãleich tvn agrotik≈nperiox≈n kai to kÂma esvterikÆw metanãsteushw prow thn pio
yelktikÆ parãktia perioxÆ Costa del Sol. Skopw ep⁄shw tousunetairismo e⁄nai h dhmiourg⁄a touristik≈n plvn °ljhw -
metay°tontaw to ep⁄kentro thw prosoxÆw apo thn aktÆ prow ta pioperifereiakã tmÆmata thw endox≈raw- kai h probolÆ miaw
koultoÂraw tou agrotiko tourismo pou s°betai to peribãllon kaitiw laÚk°w paradseiw. Prsfata, aut to sx°dio emplout⁄sthke me
mia koinvnikÆ diãstash pou dromolghse n°ew empeir⁄ew, arxikã upmorfÆ taller artesanald⁄nontaw idia⁄tero bãrow sthn ekpaideutikÆ
sunist≈sa, gia na korufvye⁄ me m°tra en⁄sxushw n°vn epixeirÆsevnejeidikeum°nvn sthn epejergas⁄a topik≈n ulik≈n (kãstano, jÂlo,p°tra), sthn paragvgÆ suny°sevn apo ãnyh, sthn suntÆrhsh tvndasik≈n periox≈n. Yemeli≈dh shmas⁄a gia thn pragmatopo⁄hsh
aut≈n tvn drasthriotÆtvn e⁄xe h suneisforã tvn diafrvnkoinotik≈n protobouli≈n pou anaptÂxyhkan sthn perioxÆ. Xãrh sto
prgramma ULIKOS POLITISMOS o Ispanw eta⁄row ap°kthse tam°sa gia thn probolÆ kai thn en⁄sxush se lh thn perioxÆ empeiri≈n
efãmillvn me autÆn thw Benalauría, belti≈nontaw to ep⁄pedo thwepikoinvn⁄aw kur⁄vw gia touristikoÂw kai emporikoÂw skopoÂw.
ejvterikoÂ. To ellhnik oikologik mouse⁄o, tan ya °xeiperatvye⁄, ya epitr°cei thn probolÆ kai thn en⁄sxush thwistorikÆw mnÆmhw, ktÆma m°xri sÆmera sxedn apokleistikã svnb⁄vsan ãmesa thn sugkekrim°nh istorikÆ per⁄odo. Ep⁄shw, m°svtou mouse⁄ou, oi episk°ptew ya plhsiãsoun kai tiw fusik°womorfi°w tou top⁄ou thw perioxÆw, protr°pontaw stadiakã thndhmiourg⁄a perissot°rvn touristik≈n upodom≈n oi opo⁄ew akmhapousiãzoun apo thn perioxÆ thw D. Makedon⁄aw.Oi apokl⁄seiw tvn prosanatolism≈n pou prokÂptoun apo tiw treiw
70 C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
H pr≈th baym⁄da thw diergas⁄aw pouantimetvp⁄zontai problÆmata sxetikã meton kayorism thw °nnoiaw touoikologiko mouse⁄ou, kay≈w kaianaforikã me tiw leitourgik°wstrathgik°w pou sxet⁄zontai p.x. me thndhmiourg⁄a tou topiko partenariãtou,ston kayorism miaw sugkekrim°nhwmeyodolog⁄aw, ston entopism tou diktÂoutvn oikologik≈n mouse⁄vn, klp.
DeÂterh baym⁄da pou epibebai≈nontai oiepilegm°new diadikas⁄ew ulopoioÂntai oipr≈tew parembãseiw kai sÂmfvna me taapotel°smata proxvre⁄ h diadikas⁄adhmiourg⁄aw tou diktÂou pou en≈nei tadiãfora oikologikã mouse⁄a kai touwleitourgikoÂw kmbouw metaj touw,kãnontaw xrÆsh kai tvn plhroforik≈nm°svn.
Tr⁄th baym⁄da, pou afo peratvye⁄ hper⁄odow ep≈ashw, mpore⁄ nadromologhye⁄ h pio ≈rimh fãshpage⁄vshw tvn empeiri≈n,proetoimãzontaw °na prgrammaprobolÆw kai diãdoshw tvn sxed⁄vnxrhsimopoi≈ntaw ta pio katãllhlakanãlia tvn m°svn enhm°rvshw kaiepikoinvn⁄aw.
xvbn,aasxvbn,aas
xvbn,aasxvOOii ffããsseeiiww ttvvnn OOiikkoollooggiikk≈≈nn MMoouusseeiiaakk≈≈nnddiiaaddrroomm≈≈nn
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diaforetik°w peript≈seiw, ektw tou ti epibebai≈noun thnidiaiterthta tou kãye eta⁄rou, mporoÂn na ensvmatvyoÂn se miapio eure⁄a ekpaideutikÆ ye≈rhsh pou probl°pei mia metaforãknow-howapo ton ispan ston ital kai ton °llhna eta⁄ro pãnvse y°mata programmatismoÂ, sxediasmoÂ, diaxe⁄rhshw kaipag⁄vshw tvn oiko-mouseiak≈n empeiri≈n. Oi treiw eta⁄roimporoÂn metaforikã na yevrhyoÂn san tr⁄a stãdia apara⁄thtagia thn dromolghsh miaw anaptujiakÆw pore⁄aw gia tiw oiko-mouseiak°w diergas⁄ew, sÂmfvna me to aklouyo sxÆma.
71C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
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OO iissttoorriikkww ããjjoonnaawwO deÂterow ãjonaw pou epil°xyhke gia thn antallagÆ empeiri≈n
sund°etai me to y°ma thw Ant⁄stash, to politik kai strativtiklaÚk k⁄nhma enãntia ston nazi-fasism, k⁄nhma pou anaptÂxyhkesthn Ital⁄a pvw kai sthn Ellãda kai se poll°w ãllew katexmenewx≈rew katã th diãrkeia tou BÄ Pagkosm⁄ou Pol°mou. Sthn eparx⁄atou Tor⁄nou kai kur⁄vw stiw orein°w z≈new diadramat⁄sthkan pollãshmantikã gegonta tou ag≈na thw eynikÆw apeleuy°rvshw poushmãdecan bayeiã periox°w pvw oi Val Sngone, Valli di Lanzo, ValPellice. H eisagvgÆ enw y°matow pvw h EynikÆ Ant⁄stash se °naprgramma sunergas⁄aw me ep⁄kentro thn dhmiourg⁄a kai tonpeiramatism oiko-mouseiak≈n susthmãtvn, dhl≈nei p°ra apo thnisxurÆ y°lhsh anãkthshw thw istorikÆw mnÆmhw gia thn diãsvsh thwistorikÆw alÆyeiaw, kai mia yetikÆ prospãyeia anãlushw lvn tvndiay°simvn marturi≈n me skop thn ermhne⁄a tou parntow kai thnyemel⁄vsh enw eirhniko m°llontow. Allã sÆmera Ant⁄stash denshma⁄nei mnon Istor⁄a: shma⁄nei kai katãkthsh miaw eidikÆwpolitikÆw gia tiw orein°w periox°w, pou suxnã br⁄skontaiapokleism°new apo ta anaptujiakã progrãmmata, prosf°rontãwtouw kainoÂrgia m°sa par°mbashw pou bas⁄zontai akrib≈w sthtopikÆ istor⁄a kai ton politism touw.
Oson aforã to italik sx°dio oi en°rgeiew poupragmatopoiÆyhkan se topik ep⁄pedo sumperi°laban:– mia prosektikÆ ergas⁄a istorikÆw anasÂstashw, sullogÆw kai
katagrafÆw ntokoum°ntvn kai ãllou e⁄douw tekmhr⁄vn, akmh kaifvtografik≈n, sxetik≈n me ta istorikã gegonta pou sund°ontaime ton ag≈na tvn antart≈n stiw endiafermenew periox°w
– mia seirã apo epaf°w me touw teleuta⁄ouw epiz≈ntew ãmesouw Æ°mmesouw mãrturew aut≈n tvn gegontvn, se mia prospãyeiadiãsvshw thw mnÆmhw tvn ⁄divn tvn prvtagvnist≈n kai thwapotÂpvshw enw kommatio thw istor⁄aw pou den °xei akmh grafte⁄
– ton entopism tvn diafrvn shmadi≈n pou ta gegonta autããfhsan stiw en lgv periox°w kai dhmiourg⁄a diadrom≈n pou naanadeiknÂoun tiw pio shmantik°w topoyes⁄ew kai na dihgoÂntaithn istor⁄a touw.
O multimedialodhgw “TaMonopãtia thw Ant⁄stashw”
sxediãsthke kaipragmatopoiÆyhke apo to
Polutexne⁄o tou Tor⁄nou sesunergas⁄a me diãforouw
topikoÂw fore⁄w, me skop thnparous⁄ash miaw “anãgnvshw” ,
diam°sou kayodhgoÂmenvndiadrom≈n, tvn topoyesi≈n pou
apoteloÂn orshma gia th mnÆmhthw Ant⁄stashw apo to 1943 vw to1945. O odhgw anaf°retai stiw
periox°w tvn KoinotÆtvn Coazze,Angrognakai Colle del Lyskaixvr⁄zetai se okt≈ kefãlaia:“ Xronolog⁄a” , perilambãnei
touw 36 mÆnew apo ton Ianouãriotou 1943 vw ton Dek°mbrio tou1945 kai afhge⁄tai gegonta setopik, eparxiak, eynik allã
kai pagksmio ep⁄pedo. “ Tpoi” , parousiãzei °nan
leptomerÆ xãrth pou katagrãfeithn ejetazmenh perioxÆ, miakatãstash toponum⁄vn pou
anaf°rontai m°sa ston odhg,mia jenãghsh se kay°nan apotouw perifereiakoÂw tome⁄w.
“ Y°mata” , perilambãneiplhroforiakoÂw p⁄nakew sxetikã
me thn tautthta tvnantistasiak≈n, thn politikÆ kaistrativtikÆ orgãnvsÆ touw, tiwmorf°w tou antartoplemou kaitouw trpouw epikoinvn⁄aw, thnlogotexn⁄a thw Ant⁄stashw k. ã.“Glvssãrio” , katagrãfei thn
eidikÆ orolog⁄a kai tiwxrhsimopoioÂmenew ekfrãseiw.
“Biografikã” , anaf°reiperilhptikã stoixe⁄a gia louw
touw antãrtew stouw opo⁄ouwg⁄netai mne⁄a ston odhg.
“Phg°w” anaforã lvn tvnsuntelest≈n kai tvn for°vn pou
sunergãsthkan gia thnpragmatopo⁄hsh tou odhgoÂ.
“Prgramma Ulikw Politismw” ,parousiãzei thn prvtoboul⁄a
kai t°low “ErgastÆrio” , epitr°peiston yeatÆ-xrÆsth na kratÆsei
shmei≈seiw apeuye⁄aw pãnv sthnoynh tou kompioÂter, na
apomnhmoneÂsei ta diadoxikãstãdia kai na dhmiourgÆsei ena
prosvpik tou story-board.H efarmogÆ tvn polum°svn
probl°pei mia diplÆ domÆ: °nantokoum°nto se CD-Rompou
mpore⁄ kane⁄w na sumbouleute⁄off-line stiw treiw diaforetik°w
°drew tou sxed⁄ou kai °nantokoum°nto se gl≈ssa “html”pou ya topoyethye⁄ sto webthw
Eparx⁄aw tou Tor⁄nou.
Gia thn omoiog°neia tou trpou ergas⁄aw stiw treiw periox°wegguãtai to ideat per⁄gramma tou oikologiko mouse⁄ou °tsi pvwsxediãsthke, sto esvterik tou opo⁄ou oi topik°w diadrom°wapoteloÂn touw kmbouw miãw kai monadikÆw pore⁄aw pou sund°eitiw treiw periox°w gevgrafikã (xãrh se °na omoimorfo sÂsthmasÆmanshw) allã kai dunhtikã m°sv tou multimedialodhgoÂ.
H perioxÆ thw D. Makedon⁄aw up°fere ep⁄shw pol katã thnper⁄odo 1941-44 apo thn germanikÆ katoxÆ me apot°lesma nagennhye⁄ °na k⁄nhma Ant⁄stashw kai EynikÆw Apeleuy°rvshw. HkatoxÆ tvn dunãmevn tou Ajona sthn perioxÆ autÆ Ætan idia⁄terasklhrÆ kai prokãlese poll°w ulik°w katastrof°w kai poll°wkakoux⁄ew stouw kato⁄kouw. Parla autã, to antistasiak k⁄nhmapou dhmiourgÆyhke den e⁄xe sÂndesh me ãllew periox°w thwEllãdaw.
H pryesh thw Envshw TEDK DutikÆw Makedon⁄aw na d≈seiproteraithta se autn ton yematik ãjona genni°tai apo thnepiyum⁄a:– anãkthshw kai katagrafÆw thw istor⁄aw eke⁄nhw thw peridou h
opo⁄a episkiãsthke apo tiw met°peita politik°w ejel⁄jeiw pouÆtan ej⁄sou traumatik°w, pvw o EmfÂliow Plemow (1946-49):
– ajiopo⁄hshw orism°nvn apo touw tpouw thw mnÆnhw pou sÆmerayum⁄zoun thn prosforã tou topiko plhyusmo ston ag≈na katãtou nazi-fasismoÂ.
O pr≈tow apo touw stxouw ulopoiÆyhke xãrh sthn diejagvgÆmiaw emperistatvm°nhw °reunaw, apo to TmÆma Istor⁄aw touAristot°leiou Panepisthm⁄ou Yessalon⁄khw, pou diaryr≈yhke set°ssereiw fãseiw:
1) thn sullogÆ tvn proforik≈n marturi≈n svn °zhsan tagegonta eke⁄nhw thw peridou
2) thn katagrfÆ tvn sunenteÂjevn3) thn parãyesh tvn istorik≈n ntokoum°ntvn me tiw martur⁄ew
orism°nvn agvnist≈n katoxurvm°nhw episthmonikÆw aj⁄aw4) thn paragvgÆ telik≈n antigrãfvn gia to kentrik arxe⁄o.Oi martur⁄ew, pou sugkentr≈yhkan apo mia omãda ereunht≈n
me thn sunergas⁄a eidik≈n meletht≈n, fyãnoun sÆmera tiw 120 kaiperilambãnoun °na sÂntomo biografik shme⁄vma, mia l⁄sta
toponum⁄vn kai onomãtvn, mia sÂntomh per⁄lhch sta agglikã.H ajiopo⁄hsh tvn tpvn thw mnÆmhw ãrxise me ton kayarism
kai thn anaka⁄nish tvn 12 mnhme⁄vn sumblvn thw EynikÆwAnt⁄stashw, pou br⁄skontai sto Nom Kozãnhw, kai sunex⁄sthkeme thn probolÆ touw, thn katãlhlh shmatodthsÆ touw, thnkoinopo⁄hsh tvn apotelesmãtvn thw °reunaw, thn diorgãnvshsunedr⁄vn gia thn euaisyhtopoihsh tou plhyusmoÂ, thn ⁄drushenw istoriko arxe⁄ou sto DÆmo Tsotul⁄ou, thn dhmos⁄eush enwhmerolog⁄ou kai enw CD-Rom.
Kai s’ autÆn thn per⁄ptvsh, pvw kai sthn ant⁄stoixh italikÆ, hanãkthsh thw istorikÆw mnÆmhw ejuphrete⁄ dipl skop : apo th miapleurã perikle⁄ei mia genikterh ye≈rhsh thw istorikÆwepanajiolghshw pou jepernã ta ria thw sugkekrim°nhw epoxÆw giana fyãsei vw to parn: apo thn ãllh, ensvmat≈netai se °na pioeur anaptujiak prgramma pou apobl°pei sthn apomãkrunsh toutopikismoÂ, kayist≈ntaw episk°cima mnhme⁄a apomakrusm°nvnagrotik≈n Æ orein≈n periox≈n, oi opo⁄ew akrib≈w xãrh sto koinotikaut prgramma, kãnoun thn emfãnisÆ touw sthn eurvpaÚkÆ skhnÆ.
72 C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
PO
LIT
ISM
OSEPILOGOS
Katã thn diãrkeia thw pore⁄aw tou, pou diÆrkese l⁄goperisstero apo 2 xrnia, to Prgramma ULIKOS
POLITISMOS sunãnthse pvw Ætan fusik orism°new duskol⁄ewdiaxeiristikÆw kai praktikÆw fÂsevw, pou en m°rei ofe⁄lontai stofildojo periexmen tou istoriko-politistiko xaraktÆra,kay≈w kai sthn pryesÆ tou na sunduãsei diaforetik°w eynik°wpragmatikthtew.
Parla autã mporoÂme na epibebai≈soume to gegonw ti, p°raapo thn ep⁄teujh tvn stxvn ek m°rouw tvn topik≈n for°vn, hpryesh anãptujhw miaw stenÆw sunergas⁄aw metaj tvn eta⁄rvnkai ejasfãlishw miaw dhmiourgikÆw antallagÆw gn≈sevn kaiempeiri≈n se diakratik ep⁄pedo, ap°dvse to epiyumhtapot°lesma. Se aut xrhs⁄meusan idia⁄tera oi dÂo kÂkloiekpaideutik≈n episk°cevn pou organ≈yhkan stiw en lgv periox°w,h suxnÆ antallagÆ plhroforiak≈n kai enhmervtik≈n ulik≈nsxetikã me tiw diãforew drasthrithtew, oi epaf°w me orism°nouwtopikoÂw parãgontew pou sxet⁄zontan ãmesa me to prgramma.
Oi suxn°w sunantÆseiw ep°trecan ep⁄shw na jeperaste⁄ to pioepifaneiak stãdio amoiba⁄aw gnvrim⁄aw, ≈ste na upãrjei sthsun°xeia h dunatthta aneÂreshw n°vn morf≈n sunergas⁄aw sediãforouw tome⁄w: aut sun°bh sthn per⁄ptvsh enw apo touw treiwitalikoÂw sunetairismoÂw pou sunergãsthke me ton ispaniksunetairism pou diaxeir⁄zetai to oikologik mouse⁄o thw Benalauría
73C U L T U R A M A T E R I A L E
sto sx°dio Leonardo, to opo⁄o probl°pei thn dhmiourg⁄a enhmervtik≈nfullad⁄vn pou apeuyÂnontai stiw agrotik°w kointhtew me skop naanebãsoun to ep⁄pedo epaggelmatismo tvn topik≈n drasthriotÆtvnkai na enyarrÂnoun tiw morf°w autodiaxe⁄rhshw. Aut sun°bh kaisth per⁄ptvsh tvn ekpros≈pvn tvn ellhnik≈n kai italik≈nantistasiak≈n organ≈sevn pou parous⁄asan se sunergas⁄a °naãllo sx°dio Leonardosxetikã me thn diejagvgÆ didaktik≈nprogrammãtvn gia ta sxole⁄a pou probl°petai h pioemperistatvm°nh mel°th yemãtvn gÂrv apo thn Ant⁄stash.
S⁄goura o mesolabhtikw rlow tvn tri≈n basik≈n eta⁄rvnsuntonist≈n – thw Eparx⁄aw tou Tor⁄nou, thw TopikÆw EnvshwDÆmvn kai KoinotÆtvn DutikÆw Makedon⁄aw kai tou CEDERthwperioxÆw Serranía de Ronda –upÆrje ejairetikã shmantikw giat⁄katryvsan na filtrãroun kai na ajiologÆsoun ta erey⁄smatapou emfan⁄sthkan katã thn pore⁄a tvn diadikasi≈n, gia na tametadsoun sth sun°xeia stouw fore⁄w pou se kãye perioxÆ droÂnston sugkekrim°no tom°a.
Ant⁄stoixhw shmas⁄aw, eidikã sthn italikÆ kai ellhnikÆper⁄ptvsh, Ætan h alusidvtÆ ant⁄drash pou prokãlese hkoinotikÆ xrhmatodthsh, h opo⁄a ejasfãlise mia terãstiaepitux⁄a tvn prvtobouli≈n pou dromologÆyhkan apo thn Eparx⁄atou Tor⁄nou kai apo thn Envsh TEDK, enyarrÂnontaw thn ãmeshep°ndush se anyr≈pino kai oikonomik kefãlaio.