Informe N3. Cuerdas Vibrantes
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Transcript of Informe N3. Cuerdas Vibrantes
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INDICE
RESUMEN 2
INTRODUCCION 3
FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO 4
I. ONDAS MECANICAS 4
II. ONDAS TRANSVERSALES 4
III. ONDAS ESTACIONARIAS……………………………………………………………………5
OBJETIVOS 6
METODOLOGÍA 6
CÁLCULOS Y RESULTADOS 9
DISCUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS 12
OBSERVACIONES 13
CONCLUSIONES 14
BIBLIOGRAFÍA 15
APNDICES 16
I. APÉNDICE 1: DIAGRAMA DE EQUIPO 16
II. APÉNDICE 2: DATOS DE LABORATORIO 17
III. APÉNDICE 3: MUESTRA DE CALCULOS 18
IV. APENDICE 4: DATOS CALCULAROS……………………………………………………1
V. APENDICE 5: ANALISIS DE ERRORES……………………………………………..………….….1
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RESUMEN
E! "#$% "&'"()"!*)% #" $)"!" *+,+ +-"$)/+ 0"$"(,)!%( %# ("%*)+!"# "&)#$"!$"# "!$(" %
"(% #+-(" % *"(0% *+! % ("*"!*)% /"+*)0%0. P%(% "+ ("*+"(",+# +# 0%$+#
!"*"#%()+# '%(% '+0"( %*"( +# *9*+# ("#'"*$)/+#.
S" $)) %# '()!*)'%"# (,%# 0" !% +!0%; *+,+ '%(% %%# % /"+*)0%0 V "!
!*)! 0" % "(% + $"!#)!
V =√ F
µ
T%,-)
"((+( >" !+# )!0)*%(=% *%! "%!+ "#$% !"#$(+# 0%$+# 0" % ("%)0%0.
E#$% "&'"()"!*)% #" "/ % *%-+ " 6 0" M%+ 0" 2?15 "! " L%-+(%$+()+ 0" =#)*%; "! %
%*$%0 0" C)"!*)%# 0" % UNI.
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INTRODUCCION
E '("#"!$" )!+(," 0" =#)*% "/% '+( $=$+ *"(0%# /)-(%!$"#; "! " *% $(%$%(",+# "
$",% 0" +!0%# "#$%*)+!%()%#
D(%!$" "#$% "&'"()"!*)% #" $))%(% " #)#$",% '+"%@/)-(%0+(; % % *"(0% #" "
#+,"$"(9 % !% $"!#)! 0)#$)!$% *%0% /"; % >" %(",+# /%()%0%# *+,-)!%*)+!"# 0" ,%#%#;
*+! %>"+# 0%$+# *%*%0+# '+0(",+# '("0"*)( '+( "",'+ % /"+*)0%0 0" % *"(0% %
*)"($% $"!#)!.
E#$" )!+(," "# #,%,"!$" ),'+($%!$" '+(>" "# !"#$(% /)0% *+$)0)%!% #)",'("
$"!",+# *+!$%*$+ *+! !% +!0%; #+-("$+0+ "! " %!9)#)# 0" % ),'+($%!*)% 0" %# *"(0%# "!
+# )!#$(,"!$+# ,#)*%"#; " "*+; "$*. E#$" )!+(," !+# %0%(% % *+,'("!0"( ,"+( #
!%$(%"%.
A )!%)%( "#$" )!+(," #" "#'"(% >" " "*$+(; %#),)#,+ " ("%)%0+( 0" "#$" )!+(,";
#" 0< *"!$% >" % =#)*% "# !% *)"!*)% "&'"(),"!$% >" !+# %0% % *+,'("!0"(
"!,"!+# *+$)0)%!+#; >" % (%! ,%+(=% '%#% '+( %$+.
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UNDAMENTO TEORICO
Ondas Mecánicas
U!% +!0% ,"*9!)*% "# !% '"($(-%*)! >" +*((" "! ! ,"0)+; 0+!0" %# '%($=*%#
0" 0)*+ ,"0)+ +#*)%! 0" "#$% +(,% $(%!#,)$"! "!"(=% *%!$)0%0 0" ,+/),)"!$+.
D" %*"(0+ % % 0)("**)! "! % >" +#*)%! %# '%($=*%# 0" ,"0)+ ("#'"*$+ % %
/"+*)0%0 0" % +!0%; #" *%#))*%! "! +!0%# +!)$0)!%"# +!0%# $(%!#/"(#%"#.
Ondas Longitudinales
S+! %>"%# "! %# >" %# '%($=*%# 0" ,"0)+ +#*)%! "! % ,)#,% 0)("**)! 0+!0"
#" 0)()" % +!0%.
Ondas Transversales
S+! +!0%# "! %# >" %# '%($=*%# 0" ,"0)+ +#*)%! 0" ,%!"(% '"('"!0)*%( % %
0)("**)! "! >" #" 0)()" % +!0%.
E! !% *"(0% $"!#% #" '"0" '(+'%%( !% +!0% $(%!#/"(#% 0" % #))"!$" +(,%:
&
6
L+!7)$30 0" O!0%
A,'1)$30
&
6
o Velocidad de Onda ( ):ѵ E# % (%')0" *+! >" #" '(+'%% % +!0%.
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o Longitud de Onda (λ): E# % +!)$0 >" ("*+((" % +!0% 0(%!$" # '"()+0+.
o Periodo (T): E# " $)",'+ "! >" ! '!$+ $%(0% "! ("("#%( % ! ,)#,+ "#$%0+.
o Frecuencia (f): E# % )!/"(#% 0" '"()+0+. S" '"0" *%*%( *+,+ " !,"(+ 0"
+#*)%*)+!"# 0" +*(("! '+( !)0%0 0" $)",'+.
o Tensión (F): E# % "(% 0" $"!#)! >" % "! % *"(0% $"!#%.
o Densidad Lineal (μ): E# % ,%#% '+( !)0%0 0" +!)$0 0" % *"(0%.
L% '+#)*)! 0" !% '%($=*% "! *%>)"( '!$+ #" *%*% *+,+:
y= ASen(wt ± kx+∅)
U#%!0+ %# 0")!)*)+!"# #" $)"!" >" v= λf
A0",9#; % /"+*)0%0 0" '(+'%%*)! 0" % +!0% $%,-)
#))"!$" ,%!"(%:
v=√ F
μ
R"",'%%!0+ "#$% "&'("#)! "! % %!$"()+(; +-$"!",+#:
f =1
λ √ F
μ
Interferencia y Principio de Superposición de Ondas
E '()!*)')+ 0" #'"('+#)*)! 0" +!0%# "#$%-"*" >" % ,%!)$0 0" 0"#'%%,)"!$+
"! % +!0% "! *%>)"( '!$+ 0" ,"0)+ "# )% % % #,% 0" +# 0"#'%%,)"!$+# "!
"#" ,)#,+ '!$+ 0" $+0%# %# +!0%# '("#"!$"#.
Ondas Estacionarias
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L%# +!0%# "#$%*)+!%()%# #" '(+0*"! 0"-)0+ % % )!$"("("!*)% 0" 0+# +!0%# >" /)%%!
"! ! ,)#,+ ,"0)+ *+! % ,)#,% ("*"!*)% +!)$0 0" +!0%. D)*% )!$"("("!*)% "#
+*%#)+!%0% '+( !% /)-(%*)! "! !% *"(0% $"!#% $)"!" " #))"!$" '"() 0" +!0%
OBETIVOS
• E#$0)%( "&'"(),"!$%,"!$" % ("%*)! "!$(" % ("*"!*)%; $"!#)!; 0"!#)0%0
)!"% +!)$0 0" +!0% 0" !% +!0% "#$%*)+!%()% $"!#%.• D"$"(,)!%( (9)*%,"!$" +# '!$+# 0+!0" #" "!*"!$(% ,%+( "!"(=% '+$"!*)%
*)!
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D)%(%,%:
7
1°.
2°.
3°.
Hacemos
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RESULTADOS
1 P%(% %*"( % (9)*% 2
/# ; $))%(",+# +# 0%$+# 0" %-+(%$+()+ -)*%0+ "! "
A'
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2 P"() 0" !% *"(0% *+! % '+#)*)! ,%+( E!"()% *)!"$)*% % '+#)*)! ,%+( E!"()%P+$"!*)%.
M%+( "!"(=% *)!" '%(% !%
+!0% /)%"(% "! !% +!)$0 0" +!0% % "! $+0+ ,+,"!$+ '!$+# *+! /"+*)0%0 ,9&),%
'!$+# "! ("'+#+; $+0%# %# '+#)-))0%0"# )!$"(,"0)%#. E! !% +!0% "#$%*)+!%()% $+0+# +#
'!$+# +#*)%! % !=#+!+ 0" +(,% >" "! ! )!#$%!$" $+0+# $)"!"! % /"+*)0%0 ,9&),% J %
"!"(=% *)!
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3 P%(% %%( % (9)*% V2 /# $))%(",+# +# 0%$+# +-$"!)0+# "! " %-+(%$+()+
D%$+#:
% V2
&.775'71
&.&&2&'722
&.871128
&.&&23544
1.153656
&.&&3117''
&.16&884
&.&&&43482
&.1'8162
&.&&&53557
&.1'8162
&.&&&53557
G(%)*%:
f()* + 37&)
,- + 1
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DISCUSION DE RESULTADOS
E! "#$% "&'"()"!*)% +-$/),+# 2 (%)*%#. E! % '(),"(% *%!0+ #" ("%*)+!% % "(% *+! "
*%0(%0+ 0" % ("*"!*)%; #" +-$)"!" !% (9)*% >" !+ #" '("0"*)(; "# 0"*)( >" !+ #" '"0"
+-$"!"( !% "*%*)! 0" *%>)"( $)'+. P"(+; '+( >" +*((" "#$+K E#$+ #" 0"-" % >" *%!0+
#" >)"(" %%( "#% ("%*)!; % +!)$0 0" +!0% #" "!*"!$(% )!/+*(%0% "! 0)*% ("%*)!;
% +!)$0 0" +!0% !+ "# *+!#$%!$"; '+( + >" % ("%*)! /%()% *+!+(," *%,-)%,+# 0"
0)#$%!*)% 0" % *"(0%.
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E! % #"!0% (%)*% #" +-$/+
!% '"!0)"!$"; >" ("'("#"!$% %
'"!0)"!$"; "! '(),"( %( !+#+$(+#
)!/"($),+# % $%-%; '%(% >" %
'"!0)"!$" #"% ! "!$"(+ !+ !
!,"(+ 0"*),% '"()0)*+ '(+.
P"(+ 0" !% ,%!"(% +$(% #"
+-$)"!" ! ? 0" "((+(. L%
'"!0)"!$" ("'("#"!$% % 0"!#)0%0
)!"%; % *% "# *+!#$%!$" 0(%!$"
$+0% % "&'"()"!*)% + #")(9 #)"!0+ '+(>" % *"(0% "# !)+(,"; % 0)"("!*)% *+! %
%!$"()+(; "! % ("%*)! !+ )!$"(/)"!"! 0%$+# /%()%-"# #)!+ *+!#$%!$"#; "# '+( "+ >" #" '"0"
%%( !% *+!#$%!$".
OBSERVACIONES
• S" +-#"(/% >" % ("*"!*)% % /"+*)0%0 %,"!$%! *+!+(," %,"!$% % "(%.
• S" +-#"(/% >" % (9)*% 0" V2 /"(## ; "# !% !*)! )!"%.
• S" +-#"(/% >" '%(% !% ,)#,% ! 0)"("!$" 0" 2 % +!)$0 0" +!0% /% %,"!$%( #)
%,"!$% % +!)$0 0" % *"(0%.
• S" +-#"(/% >" '%(% ! !2 % +!)$0 0" +!0% "# % ,)#,% >" % +!)$0 0" %
*"(0%.
• S" +-#"(/% >" #) " /)-(%0+( !+ #" )% -)"! "! % ,"#%; %# +!0%# "! /" 0" #"(
$(%!#/"(#%"# #" +(,%! "! +!0%# +!)$0)!%"#.
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• S" +-#"(/% >" % +!0% "#$%*)+!%()% #++ #" +(,% 0"#0" " "&$(",+ 0" % *"(0% #"$%
% /)-(%0+( %#$% " '!$+ 0" *+!$%*$+ 0" % *"(0% *+! % '+"%.
• S" +-#"(/% >" '%(% !% ,)#,% "(% " ! %,"!$% *+!+(," #" %,"!$% % +!)$0
L.
• L% +!)$0 0" % ,"#% 0" %'++ '%(% %!+# *%#+# " )!#)*)"!$".
• L% ,"0)*)! 0" %# +!)$0"# 0" +# /)"!$("# !+ "#$9! '("*)#% $))%!0+ ("%; % >"
#" )!$"()"(" # /)-(%*)!.
• P%(% " *%*+ 0" % "!"(=% *)!" +$(+# *9*+# ,9#.
• P%(% %%( " '"#+ $+$% >" ""(*" $"!#)! "! % *"(0% 0"-",+# *+!#)0"(%( $%,-)" $"!"( ,*+
*)0%0+ % >" #) >"(",+# $"!"( !+# ("#$%0+# ,9# '("*)#+# $"!",+# >" /%()%(
"!$%,"!$" '">"%# +!)$0"# '%(% "!*+!$(%( % /"(0%0"(% J% ,9# *"(*%!% +(,% 0"
+#*)%*)! 0" % *"(0% $"!#%.
CONCLUSIONES
A!>" +-$/),+# *+,+ ("#$%0+ ! '+(*"!$%" 0" "((+( 0" ?; !+$%,+# >" #)
%*",+# (""("!*)% % % '%($" 0" % "*%*)! +-$"!)0% 0" % (9)*%; ",+# 0"
*+!#)0"(%( %>"+# %*$+("# *+! ,$)'+# % %# ,)" !"#$(+ "&'"(),"!$+ ("%)%0+ $)"!0" % %
"*%*)! )0"% 0" !% +!0% "#$%*)+!%()%.• L%# +!0%# "#$%*)+!%()%# #" '(+0*"! '%(% 0"$"(,)!%0%# *+!0)*)+!"# 0" "(%;
*%(%*$"(=#$)*%# 0" % *"(0% ("*"!*)% 0" +#*)%*)! 0" /)-(%0+( "
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• E !,"(+ 0" /)"!$("# 0"'"!0" 0" % "(% %')*%0% % +!)$0 0" % *"(0%.• L%# ("%*)+!"# 0" "!"(=%# ,9&),%# $%!$+ 0" *)!" "! " #" " %')>" % % *"(0%.• T%,-)" "! ("%)0%0 #) %,"!$% % ("*"!*)% % /"+*)0%0 *+!+(,"
%,"!$% % $"!#)! + % "(% %')*%0%.
BIBLIOGRAIA
• SERAF; R%,+!0 A. EETT; +! . J2??2 =#)*% I T"&$+ -%#%0+ "! *%*+; 3
E0. $+,+ I E0)$+()% T+,#+!.• TOMAS; A. MOORE. J2??3 =#)*% #")# I0"%# !0%,"!$%"#. MCGRA ILL.• U!)/"(#)$ L%-+(%$+( E&'"(),"!$# P#)*#. V+,"! 1. E0)*)! 45.
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Il"s!racin 4/ ,ela milime!rada
Il"s!racin 1/ 0"a!ro masas diferen!es
Il"s!racin 2/ balana elec!rnica
Il"s!racin 5/ $olea incor$orada a $rensa
Il"s!racin 3/ vibrador
APENDICES
APENDICE 1. DIAGRAMA DE EQUIPO
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Il"s!racin 6/ balde $e#"eo
Il"s!racin 7/ 0"erda
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APENDICE 3 MUESTRA DE CALCULO
1 P%(% %%( % '"!0)"!$" 0" % (9)*% 2; $))%(",+# +# 0%$+# 0" %-+(%$+()+.
% V2
&.775'7
1
&.&&2&'7
22&.87112
8&.&&2354
41.15365
6&.&&3117
''&.16&88
4&.&&&434
82&.1'816
2&.&&&535
57&.1'816
2&.&&&535
57
R"%)%,+# " %#$" 0" '!$+# *+! " +-"$)/+ 0" !% ("*$%:
∑¿1
n
I n=B .n+ A .∑¿ 1
n
Ln2
∑¿1
n
I n Ln2=B .∑
¿1
n
Ln2+ A .∑
¿ 1
n
Ln4
R"#+/)"!0+ " #)#$",% 0" "*%*)+!"# )!"%"# '%(% "#$" %#$"; +-$"!",+#: 1?@6
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A=370 B=−3 x 1?@6
APENDICE 4 DATOS DE LABORATORIO
1 L% '"!0)"!$" 0" % ("*$% +-$"!)0% "# 37?; >" ("'("#"!$% % % 0"!#)0%0 )!"%
APENDICE 5 ANALISIS DE ERROR
1 37? D"!#)0%0 )!"% $"+()*%37? D"!#)0%0 )!"% "&'"(),"!$%
E '+(*"!$%" 0" "((+( "# ?
1'