HIDRAULICA DE CANALES

PROGRAMA MASTER

Dr. Ing. Jorge D. Reyes SalazarMarzo 2015 Instituto de HidrulicaUniversidad de Piura

UNIVERSIDAD DE PIURAUniversidad de Piura Programa Master en Ingeniera CivilTaller de puentes Dr. Jorge Reyes Salazar1EnergaContinuidadCantidad de movimiento

Ecuaciones bsicasEcuacin de Energa

ContinuidadDonde:V es la velocidad y A es el rea

Cantidad de Movimiento

Donde:Q es el caudal, An es el rea en la seccin de anlisis, g es la aceleracin de la gravedad, es la altura medida desde la superficie libre hasta el centro de gravedad de la seccin analizada.

Aplicacin de la cantidad de movimiento en el Resalto Hidrulico:Para un canal rectangular, se tiene que el tirante conjugado mayor es:

Ecuacin del flujo crtico

Nmero de Froude:Ecuacin general del flujo crtico:99.00

Ejemplo 1:

Q= 200 m3/sL= 60 m (seccin rectangular)

99.0098.500.8599.35

Utilizando la ecuacin de tirante conjugado:

Caudal527.1caudal527.1Ancho28.5ancho28.5Cota Entrada1532.9cota de poza1528.3Tirante4.95tirante1.403Velocidad13.18Velocidad3.74V2/2g8.86V2/(2g)0.712Energa1538.562Energa1538.56tirante conjugado6.382Velocidad2.898V2/(2g)0.428Cota de terreno1531Tirante normal3.4Velocidad5.44v2/(2g)1.51Nivel del agua salida de poza1534.682Nivel de agua aguas abajo1534.40Energa salida poza1535.1101535.91

Problema Universidad de Piura Dr. Jorge Reyes Salazar

Universidad de Piura Dr. Jorge Reyes SalazarDisipacin de energa en PlantaCanal Cumbemayo

Ejemplo 4:

Un canal rectangular transporta 4 m3/s y tiene 3 metros de ancho de solera, se conecta a un canal trapezoidal con una grada negativa de 0.2 m (el fondo baja). El canal trapezoidal tiene las siguientes caractersticas: 4 metros de base, taludes 1:1, rugosidad es 0.020 y pendiente longitudinal 0.0003. Se solicita:

Calcular el tirante en la seccin rectangular.

Aplicando Cantidad de Movimiento



Ejemplo 2:

Un canal rectangular de 6.0 m de ancho conduce 6 m3/s, sufre un angostamiento de 3 m y presenta en esta zona un tirante de 1.0 m.

Calcular el tirante aguas arriba y aguas abajo del angostamiento.Calcular las prdidas de carga en la entrada y salida

Cantidad de Movimiento

Aplicando la Ecuacin de la Energa:Ejemplo 3:

Se desea determinar la altura de grada a de manera que la profundidad del escurrimiento sobre ella sea de 0.75m. La prdida de energa entre A y B es 0.001 m/m en el angostamiento de subida en B no se producen prdidas de energa. BA3m3/s3.0m2.5m100m0.75 ma0.80 m0.56 m12345

Un puente debe ser construido con la mnima longitud posible para no afectar las condiciones aguas arriba ni generar flujo supercrtico.Los datos son:Caudal 200 m3/sRugosidad 0.065Pendiente 0.0008Ancho solera 50 metros Ejemplo 4:Universidad de Piura Dr. Jorge Reyes Salazar

Caudal 200 m3/s y ancho 50 metrosTiranteAreaV (m/s)V2/2gEnergia0,1540,0081,5581,650,21020,0020,3920,590,31513,339,069,360,42010,005,105,500,5258,003,263,760,6306,672,272,870,7355,711,662,360,8405,001,272,070,9454,441,011,911504,000,821,821,1553,640,671,771,2603,330,571,771,3653,080,481,781,4702,860,421,821,5752,670,361,861,6802,500,321,9221002,000,202,2031501,330,093,0942001,000,054,0552500,800,035,0363000,670,026,0273500,570,027,0284000,500,018,0194500,440,019,01105000,400,0110,01

Universidad de Piura Dr. Jorge Reyes SalazarCaudal 200 y ancho 14.39 m

Universidad de Piura Dr. Jorge Reyes SalazarFlujo gradualmente variado y, A, n, So, V varangradualmente a lolargo del canal.

Grfico10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.911.11.21.31.41.51.62345678910

Energia ( m )Tirante ( m )Energia Minima

Q=4000m3 s (2)ENERGIA MINIMA CON CARACTERISTICAS HIDRAULICAS PROMEDIO DEL RIO PIURA.CALCULOS:140Pendienteprom=0.0013A=1,096.06m2Z=2R=6.963.6444716711MINIMA LONGITUD DE LA BASE SIN AFECTAR AGUAS ARRIBAAncho=182mS=0.00130.0360555128Tiranteprom=5.2mn=0.0200hc=6.1137.271025Caudal =4000m3/sgy=7.83bc=152.4223232.4581635378Caudal =4,000.00m3/sgBase=140mQ=7,201.2951858646.308164Base=152.42mv=6.57hc=6.11mEm=10.03Em=9.16q=0.31mTiranteAreaV (m/s)V2/2gEnergiaTiranteAreaV (m/s)V2/2gEnergia0.114.02285.314148.824148.920.10.115.26262.093500.963501.060.10.228.08142.451034.251034.450.20.230.56130.87872.95873.150.20.342.1894.83458.36458.660.30.345.9187.13386.96387.260.30.456.3271.02257.10257.500.40.461.2965.26217.10217.500.40.570.5056.74164.08164.580.50.576.7152.14138.58139.080.50.684.7247.21113.62114.220.60.692.1743.4095.9996.590.60.798.9840.4183.2483.940.70.7107.6837.1570.3471.040.70.8113.2835.3163.5564.350.80.8123.2232.4653.7154.510.80.9127.6231.3450.0750.970.90.9138.8028.8242.3343.230.91142.0028.1740.4441.4411154.4225.9034.2035.2011.1156.4225.5733.3334.431.11.1170.0823.5228.1929.291.11.2170.8823.4127.9329.131.21.2185.7921.5323.6324.831.21.3185.3821.5823.7325.031.31.3201.5319.8520.0821.381.31.4199.9220.0120.4021.801.41.4217.3118.4117.2718.671.41.5214.5018.6517.7219.221.51.5233.1317.1615.0016.501.51.6229.1217.4615.5317.131.61.6249.0016.0613.1514.751.62288.0013.899.8311.8322312.8412.798.3310.3323438.009.134.257.2532.7426.129.394.497.192.74592.006.762.336.3344641.696.231.985.9845750.005.331.456.4555812.114.931.246.2456912.004.390.986.9866986.534.050.846.84671,078.003.710.707.70771,164.953.430.607.60781,248.003.210.528.52881,347.382.970.458.45891,422.002.810.409.4090091,533.802.610.359.359101,600.002.500.3210.321055101,724.222.320.2710.2710152,550.001.570.1315.13152020203,600.001.110.0620.06205.2782.085.111.336.535.22008000000

Q=4000m3 s (2)0.100.250.3200.40.50.60.70.80.911.11.21.31.41.51.623456789101520

Energia ( m )Tirante ( m )Energia EspecficaRio Piura

Q=4000m3 s0.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.911.11.21.31.41.51.622.745678910


Q= 200 m3 s0.10.20.20.30.30.40.40.50.50.60.60.70.70.80.80.90.9111.11.11.21.21.31.31.41.41.51.51.61.6222.734455667788991010

Energia (m)Tirante (m)

ENERGIA MINIMA CON CARACTERISTICAS HIDRAULICAS PROMEDIO DEL RIO PIURA.Pendienteprom=0.0003A=2800Z=2R=202.7144176166Ancho=100mS=0.00030.0173205081Tiranteprom=8mn=0.065Caudal =4000m3/sgy=20Caudal =4000m3/sgBase=100mQ=2025.2655122656Base=14.39mTiranteAreaV (m/s)V2/2gEnergiaTiranteAreaV (m/s)V2/2gEnergia0.110.02399.208122.428122.520.10.11.442779.71393821.47393821.570.10.220.08199.202022.522022.720.20.22.881389.8598455.3798455.570.20.330.18132.54895.33895.630.30.34.32926.5743757.9443758.240.30.440.3299.21501.63502.030.40.45.76694.9324613.8424614.240.40.550.5079.21319.77320.270.50.57.20555.9415752.8615753.360.50.660.7265.88221.19221.790.60.68.63463.2810939.4910940.090.60.770.9856.35161.86162.560.70.710.07397.108037.178037.870.70.881.2849.21123.44124.240.80.811.51347.466153.466154.260.80.991.6243.6697.1598.050.90.912.95308.864861.994862.890.91102.0039.2278.3879.381114.39277.973938.213939.2111.1112.4235.5864.5365.631.11.115.83252.703254.723255.821.11.2122.8832.5554.0155.211.21.217.27231.642734.872736.071.21.3133.3829.9945.8447.141.31.318.71213.822330.302331.601.31.4143.9227.7939.3740.771.41.420.15198.552009.292010.691.41.5154.5025.8934.1635.661.51.521.59185.311750.321751.821.51.6165.1224.2229.9131.511.61.623.02173.731538.371539.971.62208.0019.2318.8520.852228.78138.99984.55986.5523318.0012.588.0611.0632.738.85102.95540.22542.922.74432.009.264.378.374457.5669.49246.14250.1445550.007.272.707.705571.9555.59157.53162.5356672.005.951.817.816686.3446.33109.39115.3967798.005.011.288.2877100.7339.7180.3787.3778928.004.310.958.9588115.1234.7561.5369.53891,062.003.770.729.7299129.5130.8948.6257.629101,200.003.330.5710.571010143.9027.8039.3849.38102008000000

0.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.911.11.21.31.41.51.62345678910


0.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.911.11.21.31.41.51.622.745678910


0.10.20.20.30.30.40.40.50.50.60.60.70.70.80.80.90.9111.11.11.21.21.31.31.41.41.51.51.61.6222.734455667788991010


Caudal =200m3/sgCaudal =200m3/sgBase=50mBase=14.39mTiranteAreaV (m/s)V2/2gEnergiaTiranteAreaV (m/s)V2/2gEnergia0.1540.0081.5581.650.10.11.44138.99984.55984.650.10.21020.0020.3920.590.20.22.8869.49246.14246.340.20.31513.339.069.360.30.34.3246.33109.39109.690.30.42010.005.105.500.40.45.7634.7561.5361.930.40.5258.003.263.760.50.57.2027.8039.3839.880.50.6306.672.272.870.60.68.6323.1627.3527.950.60.7355.711.662.360.70.710.0719.8620.0920.790.70.8405.001.272.070.80.811.5117.3715.3816.180.80.9454.441.011.910.90.912.9515.4412.1513.050.91504.000.821.821114.3913.909.8510.8511.1553.640.671.771.11.115.8312.648.149.241.11.2603.330.571.771.21.217.2711.586.848.041.21.3653.080.481.781.31.318.7110.695.837.131.31.4702.860.421.821.41.420.159.935.026.421.41.5752.670.361.861.51.521.599.274.385.881.51.6802.500.321.921.61.623.028.693.855.451.621002.000.202.202228.786.952.464.46231501.330.093.0932.738.855.151.354.052.742001.000.054.054457.563.470.624.62452500.800.035.035571.952.780.395.39563000.670.026.026686.342.320.276.27673500.570.027.0277100.731.990.207.20784000.500.018.0188115.121.740.158.15894500.440.019.0199129.511.540.129.129105000.400.0110.011010143.901.390.1010.1010

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HIDRAULICA DE CANALES

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