FALLAS1 CAPITULO 4

8/15/2019 FALLAS1 CAPITULO 4

1/23

INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA

UNIVERSIDADAD NACIONAL SANANTONIO ABAD DEL CUSCO

ANALISIS DE SISTEMASELÉCTRICOS DE PÓTENCIAS II

ING: DONATO MAMANIPARI

Estudio y anáisis d! "aas#$aas si%&t'i(as#$aas asi%&t'i(as


2/23

Introducción

•Fenómenos transitorios ultrarápidos•

Fenómenos transitorios medianamente rápidos•Fenómenos transitorios lentos

Tipos de fallas

•Cortocircuitos•Fases abiertas

Cálculo de Cortocircuitos

•Características consecuencias•!e"eridad #recuencia•Recone$ión automática


3/23

) Objetivos

* D!"ini' a (a+a(idad d! 'u+tu'a d! os int!''u+to'!s

* Ayuda' a !sta,!(!' un sist!%a ad!(uado d! +'ot!((i-n) Resultados esperados

* Co''i!nt! !n ! +unto d! "aa * Pot!n(ia d! (o'to(i'(uito !n ! +unto d! "aa * Dist'i,u(i-n d! (o''i!nt!s +ost."aa !n todas as /n!as d! SEP

* T!nsion!s +ost."aa !n todas as ,a''as

) Aproximaciones

* S! d!s+'!(ian as (o''i!nt!s d! +'!."aa


4/23

* Todas as t!nsion!s int!'nas d! os 0!n!'ado'!s s! su+on!n i0ua!s !nt'! si ! i0ua!s a 1 2+u3

* En %u(4os (asos s! d!s+'!(ian as '!sist!n(ias d! os !!%!ntos

* Los TCD s! (onsid!'an !n su ta+ no%ina

* Cuando s! !sti%a n!(!sa'io in(ui' as (a'0as5 s! su+on!n ind!+!ndi!nt!s d! a t!nsi-n y s! '!+'!s!ntan +o' una 6 o 7 !8ui9a!nt!s

* En !st! (aso5 as t!nsion!s d! +'!"aa s! d!t!'%inan %!diant! un CP$

* Las %á8uinas s/n('onas s! '!+'!s!ntan (i'(uitos

!8ui9a!nt!s a+'oi%ados (o%o os d! a $i0u'a 1


5/23

%&'d

%&d(

E

)

*

)

*

+

%&'d

%&d(E

)

*

)

*

'

E( +

$i0u'a 1;. Ci'(uitos !8ui9a!nt!s d! Má8uinas s/n('onas


6/23

Cortocircuitos trifásicos simétricos

) Comportamiento de un generador en cortocircuito

* Generador en vacío antes de falla (Figuras !a " !b#

A +a'ti' d! a $i0u'a E=I =

?

d>E?I =

d>EI =

* Generador con carga antes de falla (Figuras $ " %#&os 'étodos

∗A+i(ando T4!9!nin !n ! +unto d! "aa

∗E%+!ando as t!nsion!s t'as as '!a(tan(ias

213


7/23

ia

$i0u'a


8/23

E

)

*

(

%&(d ,e

,c

I(F

E'

)

*

,e

,c

I' %&d'

F

$i0; @;. Ci'(uitosu,t'ansi!nt!

$i0; ;. Ci'(uitot'ansi!nt!

# Aplicando )*evenin en el punto de falla


9/23

)

*

I'' F

+F

, T-

./0

, T-?

??

I'

(

=

d!

(

=

d!??

T 6 >6

63 >626

+++

=

(

?

d!

(

?

d!?

T 6 >6

63 >626

+++

=$i0; ;. E8ui9; d! T4!9!nin

32V63 >62

>66

6

32VI $

(

=

d!

??

d(!

T

$?? 11

1+

++==

32V63 >62

>66

6

32VI $

(

?

d!

?

d(!

T

$? 11

1+

++==

2


10/23

# +mpleando las tensiones tras las reactancias

%&d')

*

)

*

+ %&d

%&d(

E

E'

E(

I( . I'2 I0

Ic $i0; F; Cá(uousando as t!nsion!st'as as '!a(tan(ias

Corrientes de falla

(

=

d I >V=E 111 +=

(

?

d I >V?E 111 +=

(dI >VE 111 +=

!

=

d 6 C>

=E=I

+=

11

!

?

d 6 C>?E?I+=

11

)ensiones de prefalla

!d 6 C>

EI

+

= 1

1

232@3


11/23

* Concepto de ,otencia de Cortocircuito

p)

*p+ ./0 Ip#

Re#3

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] B +"

<

+

B +" +(( S +u6

+u32VS +uI +u 32VS ==

$i0u'a ;. CC t'i"ási(o !n a ,a''a + d! un SEP

23


12/23

* -elecci.n de /nterruptores

# Corriente instantánea )abla 0

# Corriente de /nterrupci.n )abla

Ta,a 1;. $a(to'!s +a'a Ta,a @;. $a(to'!s +a'a

(o''i!nt! Instantán!a (o''i!nt! d! Int!''u+(i-nVota! $a(to'

H V 15F

≤ V 15≤ F V 15


13/23

+jemplo 0 En ! SEP d! a $i0u'a J5 os datos !n +u !stán !n ,as!< MVA y J V; Si o(u''! un CC@φ !n a ,a''a %5 (uando ! 9ota!!n !sta ,a''a !s ! no%ina y os %oto'!s !stán t'a,aando !n

(ondi(ion!s no%ina!s5 d!t!'%in! a (o''i!nt! su,t'ansito'ia d! "aa!n (ada %oto' y !n a /n!a5 as/ (o%o a (o''i!nt! d! "aa !n a ,a''a%5 (onsid!'ando a (o''i!nt! d! +'!."aa y utiiKando: a3 E %&todod! as t!nsion!s int!'nas ,3 E %&todo d! T4!9!nin

5


14/23

%

IS)

E=S )E=M1E=M<

)

>S >L 5J

5S >L 5J

5


15/23

) Cortocircuitos trifásicos simétricos en un -+,

* 'étodo tradicional

# E SEP 8u!da ,aan(!ado# Ci'(uito !8ui9a!nt! +o' "as!

# A+i(a' T4!9!nin !n ! +unto d! "aa

# Po(o +'á(ti(o +a'a '!so9!' SEP d! ta%ao 0'and!

* Cálculo sistemático 'étodo general

# P!'%it! '!so9!' sist!%as usando un (o%+utado' # UtiiKa un %od!o noda d! i%+!dan(ias;

# S! (a(uan di'!(ta%!nt! as t!nsion!s !n os nudos

# Lu!0o s! d!t!'%inan as (o''i!nt!s !n as 'a%as


16/23

Las t!nsion!s5 +ost."aa s! +u!d!n o,t!n!' (o%o:

[ ] [ ] [ ]3((2V32V3" 2VBBB

+=

[ ] [ ]t

n" 8" +" 1" B VQQQVQQQVQQQV3" 2V 1111=

[ ] [ ]t

n8 +1B VQQQVQQQVQQQV32V 1111=

[ ] [ ]t

n((8(( +((1((B VQQQVQQQVQQQV3((2V 1111=

Dond! 2$i0u'a 113:

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]$BBBB$

I63((2V 3((2V7I

=⇒=

A+i(ando ! %&todo d! nudos5 d!s+u&s d! "aa s! ti!n!:

2F3

23

2J3


17/23

1 <

8

n

+

1V

1((V

1" V


18/23

[ ] [ ]t

n" 8" +" " 1$ IQQQIQQQIQQQII 1111=

[ ] [ ]

=

nnn8n+nn

8n888+18

+n +8 ++1 +

n181 +111

1.BB

6QQQ6QQQ6QQQ6

6QQQ6QQQ6QQQ6

6QQQ6QQQ6QQQ6

6QQQ6QQQ6QQQ6

7N6

4444

4444

4444

Dond!:

[ ] [ ] t +" $

QQQQQQIQQQI 1−=

P!'o:

23

2113

213


19/23

+

++$

++

+" V66

61V 11

+−=

+

++$

8+

88" V

66

6VV 111

+

−=

+8

8" +"

+8"

K

VVI

111

−=

D! dond! s! o,ti!n!:

++$

+

+" 66

VI

+=

11

21


20/23

E!%+o


21/23

1

) ) )

C5D

IG1

1 1

<I

$i0; 1@;. Dia0'a%ao'i0ina d! R!a(tan(ias

$i0; 1;. Dia0'a%a d!

R!a(tan(ias t'ans"o'%ado

4i+!'9in(uo


22/23

Cortocircuitos Asimétricos

) Componentes simétricas

* Co%+on!nt!s d! s!(u!n(ia +ositi9a

* Co%+on!nt!s d! s!(u!n(ia n!0ati9a

* Co%+on!nt!s d! s!(u!n(ia (!'o

b5

c5+ a5+

+

+

+

+

a/

b/

c/

b6

a6

c6

+

+

+

+

+

+

a

c

b

$i0; 1;. Co%+on!nt!s si%&t'i(as y su%a 0'á"i(a


23/23

S! +u!d! d!%ost'a' 8u!:

[ ]

=

515

FALLAS1 CAPITULO 4

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