Enfermería del Trabajo, volumen 5, número 1

8/9/2019 Enfermería del Trabajo, volumen 5, número 1

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Cjgtnrgkf

Ocstgñb jc Ç`nfk= Sb prn`fcik jcskfuj pý`fgak, ub prn`fcik jc skfujfk`nrkf

Kutnrcs

Fkicgrn Ugfkrgûn, ACbecricrk jcf Zrk`kmn

SXPF-Icjgagbk Xrcvcbtgvk ADSUGUgon

Jc sn`rk cs anbnagjn quc cf rgcson `gnfñogan cs, sgbjujk, ubn jc fns prgbagpkfcs rgcsons cb fns trk`kmkjnrcsskbgtkrgns, cbtcbjgçbjnsc anin tkf fk pnsg`gfgjkj jc trkbs-igsgñb jc igarnnrokbgsins k kqucffns prnecsgnbkfcs rcs- pnbsk`fcs jc fk ksgstcbagk y/n ikbcmn jc iucstrks `gnfñogaks cb gbstgtuagnbcs skbgtkrgks. Jurkbtc kûns scanbsgjcrñ quc jgadn rgcson crk akuskjn, eubjkicbtkf-icbtc, pnr fns kocbtcs `gnfñogans pcrtcbcagcbtcs k fns orupns GG y GGG (krt 1, PJ 55:/;77?, jc Xrntcaagñb k fns

trk`kmkjnrcs ercbtc k kocbtcs `gnfñogans cb cf trk`kmn), qucsnb kqucffns quc prnjuacb cbecricjkjcs cb duikbns, kf-oubks orkvcs, pcrn anb trktkigcbtn pnsg`fc. Qgb ci`kron,fk rckfgjkj jc cstc ýftgin kûn bns dk jcinstrkjn quc,kubquc rcjuagjk, cxgstc tki`gçb fk pnsg`gfgjkj jc cxpn-sgagñb k kocbtcs jcf orupn GU, quc prnjuacb cbecricjkjcsorkvcs y sgb trktkigcbtn anbnagjn. Cb cstc ýftgin orupncstëb, cbtrc ntrns, vgrus dcinrrëogans, anin cs cf aksn jcfvgrus Ç`nfk (CUC,) quc dk pucstn k fks kutnrgjkjcs skbg-tkrgks jc tnjn cf iubjn cb kfcrtk, trks fk jcafkrkagñb pnr fk NIQ jc cicrocbagk jc skfuj pý`fgak jc gipnrtkbagk

gbtcrbkagnbkf, cf pkskjn ics jc konstn;

.Fk ofn`kfgzkagñb dk dcadn pnsg`fc quc cbecricjkjcsquc crkb anbsgjcrkjks anin iuy fcmkbks, kfon quc sñfnvcékins cb icjgns jc aniubgakagñb n cb fk rcj, sc dkykbanbvcrtgjn cb pkrtc jc bucstrk rckfgjkj, cb ub bucvn rctn pkrk fns sgstciks skbgtkrgns. Cstkins kbtc ub prn`fcik pkrk fk skfuj pý`fgak, jkjk su gipnrtkbtc akpkagjkj jctrksigsgñb ubk vcz gbgagkjn ub `rntc, anin fn jciucstrkcf arcagcbtc býicrn jc kecatkjns y jc ekffcagjns cb cstkcpgjcigk (0;.?0: aksns jcafkrkjns y 45:; ekffcagjns -NIQ 0;/8;/08;3);. Xcrn tki`gçb cstkins kbtc ub prn-

`fcik jc skfuj naupkagnbkf, yk quc fk ktcbagñb k cstns pk-agcbtcs dk ocbcrkjn ub bucvn rgcson pkrk fns prnecsgnbkfcs skbgtkrgns, quc dk rcqucrgjn ubk gbtcbskktcbagñb, tkbtn pnr pkrtc fks kutnrgjkjcs skbgtkrgks, anin

pnr pkrtc jc fns Qcrvgagns jc Xrcvcbagñb. Fns gbenrics jcfk NIQ scûkfkb quc fns trk`kmkjnrcs skbgtkrgns supnbcbub orupn jc kftn rgcson jc gbecaagñb, sgcbjn fk kecatkagñbcb cstc `rntc jc 4:5 trk`kmkjnrcs (1.7% jc fns aksns kau-iufkjns), jc fns aukfcs 385 ekffcagcrnb;.

Fk prntcaagñb cegakz jc fns trk`kmkjnrcs ercbtc kfrgcson `gnfñogan cb sus pucstns jc trk`kmn aucbtk, cb bucs-trn pkés, anb ub cxtcbsn jcskrrnffn bnriktgvn quc csn`vgn y jc kpfgakagñb kbtc cstk sgtukagñb. Cbtrc fk fcogs-

fkagñb jc rcecrcbagk cstkrékb jcsjc bnriktgvk `ësgak aninfk Fcy 1;/;773, jc Xrcvcbagñb jc rgcsons Fk`nrkfcs< cfPckf Jcarctn ??1/;77?, sn`rc jgspnsgagnbcs iébgiks jcscourgjkj y skfuj rcfktgvks k fk utgfgzkagñb jc cqugpns jc prntcaagñb gbjgvgjukf< cf Pckf Jcarctn ;0;3/;77? pnr cfquc sc cstk`fcacb fks jgspnsgagnbcs iébgiks jc scourgjkjy skfuj pkrk fk utgfgzkagñb jc cqugpns jc trk`kmn, dkstkkquçffks jc akrëatcr iës cspcaéegan anin scrékb cf PckfJcarctn 55:/;77?, sn`rc fk prntcaagñb jc fns trk`kmkjnrcsanbtrk fns rgcsons rcfkagnbkjns anb fk cxpnsgagñb k kocb-tcs `gnfñogans jurkbtc cf trk`kmn y fk Nrjcb

CCQ/;:3;/08;1, pnr fk quc sc cstk`fcacb jgspnsgagnbcs pkrk fk prcvcbagñb jc fcsgnbcs akuskjks pnr gbstruicbtnsanrtkbtcs y pubzkbtcs cb cf scatnr skbgtkrgn y dnspgtkfkrgn.

Cs jcstkak`fc quc trks fk Ocstgñb jcf CUC cb Cspkûk, prnjuagjk pnr fk ktcbagñb k fns jns igsgnbcrns rcpktrgk-jns, y anb ubk pnstcrgnr trkbsigsgñb scaubjkrgk jc ubk prnecsgnbkf skbgtkrgk, dkb sgjn buicrnsks fks vnacs jckfkrik quc dkb jcbubagkjn jcegagcbagks n grrcoufkrgjkjcscb fk prntcaagñb cegakz jc cstns trk`kmkjnrcs.Xnr tkbtn, fk Bnriktgvk cb Xrcvcbagñb jc Pgcsons Fk`n-rkfcs cs ub ekatnr afkvc k tcbcr cb aucbtk tkbtn cb cf ik-

bcmn jc cstc tgpn jc sgtukagnbcs, anin cb cf jgscûn jccstrktcogks jc prcvcbagñb.Jkjks fks akrkatcréstgaks y fk orkvcjkj jc fk CUC, fk prn-tcaagñb jc fns trk`kmkjnrcs anbstgtuyc ubk prgnrgjkj cb

1

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 1-:Fkicgrn Ugfkrgûn, AOcstgñb jc Ç`nfk= Sb prn`fcik jc skfuj pý`fgak, ub prn`fcik jc skfuj fk`nrkf

1



bucstrns acbtrns skbgtkrgns. Cb cstk fébck, cf Igbgstcrgn jcQkbgjkj, Qcrvgagns Qnagkfcs c Goukfjkj dk cfk`nrkjn prn-tnanfns y jnauicbtns quc rcanocb jgrcatrgacs cspcaéegaks

sn`rc fk Xrntcaagñb jc fns Xrnecsgnbkfcs skbgtkrgns, qucvkb jcsjc fk kpfgakagñb jc icjgjks jc prntcaagñb anfca-tgvk (kgsfkigcbtn jc fns aksns y/n snspcadks), k icjgjksjc tgpn nrokbgzkagnbkfcs (fgigtkagñb jcf býicrn jc pcr-snbks y jc tgcipn jc cxpnsgagñb kf iébgin pnsg`fc), gb-afuycbjn fk kpfgakagñb rgournsk jc prcakuagnbcs cstëbjkr, prcakuagnbcs jc anbtkatn y jc trkbsigsgñb pnr ontks, utg-fgzkagñb jc CXGºs kjcaukjns kf rgcson jc cxpnsgagñb (cs-tk`fcagçbjnsc 1 bgvcfcs jc rgcson), cf usn jc jgspnsgtgvnsiçjgans jc `gnscourgjkj y sn`rc tnjn fk enrikagñb, gb-enrikagñb, fk supcrvgsgñb ksé anin fns prnacjgigcbtns jc

rcspucstk y scougigcbtn ercbtc k kaagjcbtcs c gbagjcbtcs,snb ksgigsin kspcatns jcstkakjns cbtrc fks icjgjks jc prntcaagñb scûkfkjks0.

Kbtc cstk bucvk sgtukagñb jc rgcson, fns Qcrvgagns jcXrcvcbagñb jc`cb ksuigr ub anbmubtn jc katukagnbcs anbcf egb jc okrkbtgzkr fk kjcaukjk prntcaagñb jc fns prnec-sgnbkfcs skbgtkrgns. Xnr ubk pkrtc, jc`c rckfgzkrsc ubk vg-ogfkbagk jc fk skfuj k kqucffns trk`kmkjnrcs quc pucjkbtcbcr anbtkatn anb aksns anbegrikjns jc CUC, pkrk fk vk-fnrkagñb jc sus anbjgagnbcs psgquganeésgaks, y pnr tkbtnjc su Kptgtuj. Cf prntnanfn jc katukagnbcs kbtc aksns jcCUC cfk`nrkjn pnr cf Igbgstcrgn jc Qkbgjkj rcanigcbjk,jc enrik cspcaéegak, tcbcr gjcbtgegakjn cf orupn skboué-bcn y fk sgtukagñb gbiubgtkrgk ercbtc kf UGD, Dcpktgtgs @y A cb cstns trk`kmkjnrcs0. Ksgigsin, scûkfk fk bcacsgjkjjc vkfnrkagñb jcf rgcson kjgagnbkf cb kqucffns trk`kmkjnrcscspcagkficbtc scbsg`fcs cb eubagñb jc sus akrkatcréstgaks pcrsnbkfcs n cstkjn `gnfñogan anbnagjn, jc`gjn k agraubs-tkbagks tkfcs anin pktnfnoéks prcvgks, icjgakagñb, trks-tnrbns gbiubgtkrgns, ci`krkzn n fkatkbagk0.

Fk rckfgzkagñb jc ubk Cvkfukagñb jc Pgcsons quc anb-tcipfc, jc enrik cspcaéegak, fns kspcatns rcfkagnbkjnsanb fk ktcbagñb k cstns pkagcbtcs cs, sgb jujk, ntrk jc fks

aucstgnbcs `ësgaks k jcskrrnffkr pkrk fk ocstgñb jcf rgcson.Ksgigsin, snb jc cspcagkf rcfcvkbagk fks katgvgjkjcs jcGbenrikagñb y Enrikagñb jc fns trk`kmkjnrcs, fks aukfcsjc`cb scr suegagcbtcs y kjcaukjks, anb prnacjgigcbtnsy bnriks csargtks cb fns fuokrcs jnbjc jcskrrnffcb suskatgvgjkjcs (krt. ;0- PJ 55:/7?). Jkjk fk gipnrtkbagk jcfusn jc fns CXGºs, jcbtrn jc fks icjgjks jc prcvcbagñb, kséanin su anrrcatk pucstk y rctgrkjk, sc rcqugcrc jc ub prn-acsn prcvgn jc cbtrcbkigcbtn0, cf aukf sc rckfgzkrë ic-jgkbtc ub prnorkik enriktgvn jgscûkjn cspcaéegakicbtc.

Ntrns kspcatns quc jc`cb scr kbkfgzkjns pnr fns Qcr-

vgagns jc Xrcvcbagñb snb fk vcrgegakagñb jc fks akrkatc-réstgaks quc jc`cb auipfgr fns CXGºs, (Zk`fk 0= XrntnanfnKatukagñb kbtc CUC )0, fk Annrjgbkagñb jc katgvgjkjcs

:

:

ciprcskrgkfcs, anbtkatkbjn anb kqucffks ntrks ciprcsksquc pucjkb vcrsc gipfgakjks cb fk ksgstcbagk jc cstc tgpnjc pkagcbtcs (fgipgczk, ikbtcbgigcbtn), ksé anin cf cs-

tk`fcagigcbtn jc Xfkbcs jc Katukagñb kbtc gbagjcbtcs yKaagjcbtcs. Bn n`stkbtc k fn kbtcrgnricbtc anicbtkjn,cf Igbgstcrgn jc Qkbgjkj scûkfk cb ubn jc sus jnauicb-tns, quc cf rgcson jc gbecaagñb ksnagkjn k fns augjkjns sk-bgtkrgns jc ub aksn gipnrtkjn cs iuy `kmn, sg `gcb bn sc pucjc cxafugr, jkjn quc fk akrok vgrkf cb cstns pkagcbtcscs kftk y, pnr tkbtn, tki`gçb cf rgcson jc trkbsigsgñb, sgbci`kron, fks icjgjks jc prntcaagñb jcf pcrsnbkf skbgtkrgnquc fn ktgcbjc snb suegagcbtcs pkrk prcvcbgr fk gbecaagñbjc jgadn pcrsnbkf, sg sc kpfgakb jc enrik anrrcatk. Fk trks-igsgñb jcf kocbtc pnjrék prnjuagrsc, n gcb k trkvçs jc ub

gbagjcbtc n jurkbtc fk rckfgzkagñb jc ikbgn`rks jc rgcsonquc pujgcscb cstkr gbjgakjks, y quc supnbcb ub rgcsonikynr jc cxpnsgagñb (Cvkfukagñb jcf Pgcson pkrk Cspkûk87/;0/08;:)1.

Cspkûk dk sgjn jcafkrkjk pnr fk NIQ fg`rc jc CUCanb ecadk 80/;0/08;:, trks auipfgr anb fns :0 jéks jc sc-ougigcbtn y n`scrvkagñb trks fk trksigsgñb scaubjkrgk prnjuagjk cf 5 Natu`rc. Jcsjc cf Igbgstcrgn jc Qkbgjkjsc scûkfk quc cf rgcson jc gipnrtkagñb y trkbsigsgñb jcfvgrus cb Cspkûk sc anbsgjcrk iuy `kmn, sg `gcb bn sc pucjc cxafugr fk gipnrtkagñb jc ub aksn igcbtrks fk cpg-jcigk cb Ëergak Naagjcbtkf sc ikbtcbok katgvk1. Qg `gcbcb cstks ýftgiks scikbks fk NIQ bntgegak jc ubk tcbjcb-agk jcsacbjgcbtc cb tnjns fns pkéscs kecatkjns;, jc`cinsscougr kfcrtk icjgkbtc cf scougigcbtn jc fks rcanicbjk-agnbcs bkagnbkfcs c gbtcrbkagnbkfcs y anbtgbukr anb fk gi- pfkbtkagñb y jcskrrnffn jc kqucffks icjgjks quc prntcmkbjc enrik cegakz k bucstrns prnecsgnbkfcs skbgtkrgns kbtcseuturks katukagnbcs ercbtc k cstc bucvn tgpn jc rgcson.

Pcecrcbagks;- Katukfgzkagñb B½ 05= @rntc jc Cbecricjkj pnr cf Ugrusjcf C`nfk cb Ëergak 00/8;/08;3. Acbtrn jc Annrjgbkagñb

jc Kfcrtks y Cicrocbagks Qkbgtkrgks. Igbgstcrgn jc Qkbg-jkj Qcrvgagns Qnagkfcs c Goukfjkj.0- Xrntnanfn jc Katukagñb ercbtc k aksns snspcadnsns jcCbecricjkj pnr vgrus Ç`nfk (CUC). Kprn`kjn cb Anig-sgñb jc Qkfuj Xý`fgak jc 05.;;.08;: ‑ Jgrcaagñb Ocbcrkfjc Qkfuj Xý`fgak, akfgjkj c gbbnvkagñb. Igbgstcrgn jc Qk-bgjkj Qcrvgagns Qnagkfcs c Goukfjkj.1- Cvkfukagñb jcf rgcson pkrk Cspkûk jc fk Cpgjcigk jcegc`rc dcinrrëogak pnr cf vgrus jc Ç`nfk cb Ëergak Naag-jcbtkf (87/;0/08;:). Jgrcaagñb Ocbcrkf jc Qkfuj Xý`fgak,akfgjkj c gbbnvkagñb. Igbgstcrgn jc Qkbgjkj Qcrvgagns Qn-

agkfcs c Goukfjkj. Jgspnbg`fcs cb=dttps=//www.isssg.on`.cs/prnecsgnbkfcs/skfujXu`fgak/aak-ycs/kfcrtksKatukf/c`nfk/gbeXrnecsgnbkfcs.dti

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 1-:Fkicgrn Ugfkrgûn, A

Ocstgñb jc Ç`nfk= Sb prn`fcik jc skfuj pý`fgak, ub prn`fcik jc skfuj fk`nrkf



3

3Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 3-;1Xkadcan Qëbadcz, BCstgikagñb jcf bgvcf jc kbsgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtc cb fns cbecricrns jc Augjkjns Gbtcbsgvns

PCQSICB

Gbtrnjuaagñb= Fk iucrtc sc dk anbvcrtgjn cb ub prnacsngbstgtuagnbkfgzkjn. Cb fk SAG, ubn jc fns fuokrcs jnbjcnaurrc anb rcfktgvk ercaucbagk, fns cbecricrns jc`cb jc prcstkr sus augjkjns pkrk quc cf pkagcbtc tcbok ubk iucrtc

jgobk. Cffn pucjc jcspcrtkr cb cf pcrsnbkf cinagnbcs jcjgstgbtk ébjnfc c gbtcbsgjkjcs, fn quc anbffcvk fk gbkprn- pgkjk ktcbagñb jcmëbjnfk jc vgvgr anin ub kanbtcagigcbtnbkturkf. Cf n`mctgvn jc fk prcscbtc gbvcstgokagñb cs, gjcb-tgegakr cf bgvcf jc kbsgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtc ksé añin, an-bnacr fk vgvcbagk jcf prnacsn cb fk ubgjkj.Iktcrgkf y içtnjn= Cstujgn trkbsvcrskf, jcsargptgvnjcskrrnffkjn cb 08;0, anbstgtugjn pnr 30 cbecricrns jcfk SAG jc Anipfcmn Dnspgtkfkrgn Sbgvcrsgtkrgn Gbsufkr Iktcrbn Gbekbtgf (ADSGIG). Qc utgfgzk ubk cbaucstk kbñ-bgik gbtcorkjk pnr fk Csakfk jc kbsgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtcjc Zcipfcr anb rcspucstks jgantñigaks, k fk quc sc fckûkjc prcoubtks jc gbtcrçs, pcrsnbkfcs y fk`nrkfcs.Pcsuftkjns=Qc n`tgcbc ubk pubtukagñb jc icjgk cb rc-fkagñb kf bgvcf jc kbsgcjkj jcbtrn jc fk bnrikfgjkj,sgcbjn cf ;88% anbsagcbtc jc su acrakbék anb fk iucrtccb cf trk`kmn. Cf prnacsn jc fk iucrtc jcsktk jgstgbtkscinagnbcs gbefuycbjn cb fks vgjks pcrsnbkfcs anin prn-ecsgnbkfcs.Anbafusgnbcs= Fk iucrtc cbtrkûk cinagnbcs bcoktgvks.Cs bcacskrgn jcskrrnffkr ubk prcpkrkagñb quc fcs pcrigtkkjqugrgr fks dcrrkigcbtks kjcaukjks, anbstktëbjnsc fk bc-acsgjkj jc kpnyn pkrk quc sck pnsg`fc cf k`nrjkmc jcf prn-

acsn k trkvçs jc ubns augjkjns cbecricrns jgobns.Xkfk`rks afkvc= Kbsgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtc, cbecricrék,Sbgjkj jc Augjkjns Gbtcbsgvns.

K@QZPKAZ

@kalornubj= Zdc jcktd dks `canic kb gbstgtutgnbkfgzcj prnacss. Gb tdc GAS, nbc ne tdc pfkacs wdcrc gt naaurs wgtdrcfktgvc ercqucbay, burscs iust prnvgjc tdcgr akrc sn tdkttdc pktgcbt dks k jgobgegcj jcktd. Zdgs iky wklc up gb tdc

pcrsnbkf cintgnbs ne jgeecrcbt lgbjs kbj gbtcbsgtgcs,wdgad akrrgcs tdc gbkpprnprgktc kttcbtgnb fckvgbo dcr tnfgvc ks k bkturkf cvcbt. Zdc n`mcatgvc ne tdgs rcsckrad gs,gjcbtgey tdc fcvcf ne kbxgcty wdcb ekacj wgtd jcktd ks wcffks, tn lbnw tdc cxpcrgcbac ne tdc prnacss gb tdc ubgt.Iktcrgkf kbj Ictdnjs= K arnss-scatgnbkf stujy, jcs-argptgvc jcvcfnpcj gb 08;0, anbsgstgbo ne 30 burscs gb tdcGAS ne Gbsufkr Sbgvcrsgty Dnspgtkf Anipfcx (iktcrbkf-gbekbt ADSGIG). Gt uscs kb kbnbyinus survcy gbtcorktcj `y tdc sakfc ne kbxgcty `cenrc tdc jcktd ne Zcipfcr wgtdjgadntninus rcspnbscs, wdgad wgff kjj qucstgnbs ne gb-tcrcst, pcrsnbkf kbj naaupktgnbkf.Pcsufts= Gt octs k sanrc ne icjgk gb rcfktgnb tn tdc fcvcfne kbxgcty wgtdgb tdc bnrikfgty, `cgbo ;88% kwkrc ne tdcgr prnxgigty tn tdc jcktd gb tdc wnrl. Zdc prnacss ne jcktd `rckls nut ikby jgeecrcbt cintgnbs gbefucbac tdc pcrsnbkf kbj prnecssgnbkf fgvcs.Anbafusgnbs= Zdc jcktd gbvnfvcs bcoktgvc cintgnbs. Gtgs bcacsskry tn jcvcfnp k prcpkrktgnb tdkt wgff cbk`fc tdcitn kaqugrc tdc prnpcr tnnfs, tdus anbegrigbo tdc bccj enr suppnrt enr pnssg`fc tdc kpprnkad ne tdc prnacss tdrnuodk ecw akrc burscs wnrtdy.Lcywnrjs= Kbxgcty wdcb ekacj wgtd jcktd, bursgbo, Gb-

tcbsgvc Akrc Sbgt.

Krtéaufn nrgogbkf

Cstgikagñb jcf bgvcf jc kbsgcjkjkbtc fk iucrtc cb fns cbecricrns jcAugjkjns Gbtcbsgvns

Kutnrcs

Xkadcan Qëbadcz, Bçfgjk

Orkjukjk cb Cbecricrék

Zrkzk`gfgjkj cjgtnrgkf

Pcacpagñb= ;5-8:-08;:Pcvgsgñb pnr pkrcs= 08-84-08;:Kacptkagñb egbkf= ;:-;0-08;:

AnrrcspnbjcbagkBçfgjk Xkadcan Qëbadcz

bcfgjkpkaskbHoikgf.ani



5

5

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 3-;1Xkadcan Qëbadcz, B

Cstgikagñb jcf bgvcf jc kbsgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtc cb fns cbecricrns jc Augjkjns Gbtcbsgvns

Iktcrgkf y içtnjn

Qc trktk jc ub cstujgn trkbsvcrskf jcsargptgvn jcskrrn-ffkjn cb 08;0. Fk pn`fkagñb jgkbk cstuvn anbstgtugjk pnr57 cbecricrns, jc fns aukfcs 01 dni`rcs y 07 iumcrcs,quc prcstkb sus augjkjns cb fk Sbgjkj jc Augjkjns Gbtcb-sgvns jcf Dnspgtkf Sbgvcrsgtkrgn Gbsufkr jc Orkb Akbkrgk.Qc tnik anin argtcrgn jc gbafusgñb kqucffks/ns quc jgcrkbksgstcbagk jgrcatk kf pkagcbtc y cstuvgcrkb cmcragcbjn ju-rkbtc cf cstujgn. Qc cxafuycrnb kqucffns quc ffcvcb icbns

jc scgs icscs cb fk ubgjkj.

Qc n`tuvn fk kutnrgzkagñb pnr csargtn jc fk Sbgjkj jcEnrikagñb Anbtgbukjk pkrk fk rckfgzkagñb jc cstujgns jcgbvcstgokagñb- jgvufokagñb agcbtéegak (Kbcxn G). Fns pkr-tgagpkbtcs eucrnb gbenrikjns jc su pkrtgagpkagñb vnfubtk-rgk y trktkigcbtn jc fns jktns kbñbgin. Qc fcs dkac cbtrcokjc ubk cbaucstk (Kbcxn GG) anipucstk pnr ub gbstruicbtnkutn-kjigbgstrk`fc, gbtcorkjn pnr ;3 rcspucstks jgantñig-aks (vcrjkjcrn-ekfsn)< bucvc jc fks aukfcs rcag`cb ub pubtn sg sc cfgoc fk rcspucstk ‖vcrjkjcrn’

(;,:,4,7,;8,;;,;0,;1 y ;:) igcbtrks quc fns scgs rcstkbtcssnb akfgegakjns anb ub pubtn sg snb anbtcstkjns ‖ekfsn’(0, 1, 3, 5, ? y ;3)5. Fk pubtukagñb iës kmk pkrk fk kbsgc-jkj kbtc fk iucrtc cs 8 y cf iës kftn, ;3.5 Zniës Që`kjn?

agtk cb su cstujgn k Fnbcttn y Zcipfcr pkrk fns aukfcs, fksicjgjks jc bnrikfgjkj tgcbjcb k sgtukrsc cbtrc :,3 y ?,anb jcsvgkagnbcs tépgaks fgocrkicbtc supcrgnrcs k 1.

Fk scoubjk pkrtc jcf aucstgnbkrgn anbtgcbc prcoubtksk`gcrtks y acrrkjks jc cfk`nrkagñb prnpgk pkrk k`nrjkr fkvgvcbagk jcf inrgr cb fk SAG. Xnr ýftgin, cf gbstruicbtn

rcanoék jktns snagnjcinorëegans pcrsnbkfcs y prnecsgn-bkfcs. Anb fns jktns, sc rckfgzk ub kbëfgsgs jcsargptgvn utg-fgzëbjnsc cf prnorkik Igarnsnet Neegac Cxacf cb suvcrsgñb 088?. Fks vkrgk`fcs aukbtgtktgvks sc prcscbtkb cbicjgks anb sus rcspcatgvns iëxgins y iébgins, kani- pkûkjks pnr su jcsvgkagñb tépgak. Jc fks rcspucstks k`gcr-tks sc afksgegakb cb aktconréks tcbgcbjn cb aucbtk fkercaucbagk cb fks quc kpkrcacb.

Gbtrnjuaagñb

Jcbtrn jcf cqugpn iuftgjgsagpfgbkr cb cf anbtcxtn dnspgtkfkrgn, pkrk cf prnecsgnbkf jc cbecricrék, cs ubk cxpc-rgcbagk ercaucbtc kacrakrsc k fk iucrtc, yk quckatukficbtc sc dk anbvcrtgjn cb ub suacsn gbstgtuagnbkfg-zkjn, cb cspcagkf cb ubgjkjcs anin fk Sbgjkj jc Augjk-jns Gbtcbsgvns (SAG);. Cstns prnecsgnbkfcs sc pnbcb cbikradk pkrk fuadkr anbtrk fk iucrtc, tcbgcbjn anin n`- mctgvn skfvkr fk vgjk jc fk pcrsnbk pcrn bn sgcbjn cstn

sgciprc pnsg`fc. Cs prn`k`fc quc fcs supnbok ub jurn yjgeéagf trkbac gbtcrvgbgcbjn jgrcatkicbtc cb fk katgtuj jckyujkr k fk pcrsnbk cb su prnacsn jc fk iucrtc, bn dkagçb-jnfk jc fk ikbcrk quc gjckfgzkb, bkturkf y prnecsgnbkf. Cfcbecricrn pucjc kernbtkrfk jc enrik rkagnbkf, fn aukf pn-jrék scr fk cfcaagñb iës skfujk`fc, prnvnakbjn cb su pcr-snbk ikjurcz y rcefcxgñb0. N pnr ntrn fkjn, pucjc prcscbtkr katgtujcs jc bcokagñb n cvgtkagñb, scaubjkrgksk cinagnbcs quc dk jcspcrtkjn jgadk vgvcbagk.

Gbvcstgokjnrcs agtkb cb su cstujgn ntrns prcac-jcbtcs, fns aukfcs anrrn`nrkb quc fk iucrtc y kqucffns

kspcatns ksnagkjns k cffk, cbagcrrkb ubk scrgc jc rcspucs-tks cinagnbkfcs pcrn tki`gçb k`rc fk pucrtk k ubk jc fksiës gbtcbsks= fk kbsgcjkj1.Fk Zcnrék jc fns jns ekatnrcs jc Zcipfcr, quc Zniës Që- `kjn: gbafuyc cb su cstujgn, pnstufk quc cf cstkjn jcskfuj psganfñogak jcf gbjgvgjun y sus cxpcrgcbagks pcrsn-bkfcs kfrcjcjnr jc fk iucrtc, cstëb rcfkagnbkjns anb fk oc-bcrkagñb gbtcrbk n cxtcrbk jc kbsgcjkj. Cs pnsg`fc qucntrks vkrgk`fcs gbefuykb cb fk katgtuj jcf prnecsgnbkf aninfk cjkj, cf scxn, kûns jc cxpcrgcbagk prnecsgnbkf y/n fkenrikagñb cb fks csaucfks jc cbecricrék ercbtc k fk

iucrtc

;

. Xnr tnjn fn cxpucstn, pucjc quc cf pcrsnbkf jcfk SAG k cstujgn, cbtrkûc tki`gçb agcrtn orkjn jc kbsgcjkjkf scr ub cfcicbtn prginrjgkf c giprcsagbjg`fc jcbtrn jcfcqugpn ksgstcbagkf. Cs gipnrtkbtc quc fk cbecricrék sckakpkz jc kacptkr fk iucrtc c gbtcorkrfk, vgçbjnfk y vgvgçb-jnfk anin ub prnacsn bkturkf c gbcvgtk`fc0,3. Qgcbjn ksé,sc jcjgakrë pnr anipfctn k anbsnfkr y augjkr kf cbecrindkstk cf egbkf< anbvgrtgçbjnsc cb ubk jc fks cxpcrgcbagksduikbks iës orktgegakbtcs jc su vgjk prnecsgnbkf0,3.

Egbkficbtc, sc dkac npnrtubn jctkffkr fns n`mctgvnsjcf prcscbtc cstujgn. Cf prgicrn, cstgikr cf bgvcf jc kb-sgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtc jc fns prnecsgnbkfcs jc cbecricrékjc fk SAG. Cf scoubjn trktk jc anbnacr añin cs fk vgvcb-agk pcrsnbkf quc tgcbcb sn`rc cf prnacsn jc inrgr cb suubgjkj.



Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 3-;1Xkadcan Qëbadcz, BCstgikagñb jcf bgvcf jc kbsgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtc cb fns cbecricrns jc Augjkjns Gbtcbsgvns

?

?

KBCTN GG

Aucstgnbkrgn jgrgogjn kf pcrsnbkf jc cbecricrék jc fk Sbgjkj jc Augjkjns Gbtcbsgvns jcf Dnspgtkf Sbgvcrsgtkrgn jcOrkb Akbkrgk

Cstgikjns cbecricrns/ks, anb cstk cbaucstk prctcbjn cxpfnrkr cf orkjn jc kbsgcjkj quc pucjc cbtrkûkr trk`kmkr cbubk SAG, pnr cffn pgjn su anfk`nrkagñb cb auipfgicbtkrfk. Pcaucrjc quc bn sc trktk jc ub cxkicb. Bn dky rcspucstks `ucbks bg ikfks.Fck akjk ubn jc fns étcis y jcagjk fk kegrikagñb quc iës sc kacrquc k su enrik jc scr, jc pcbskr, jc scbtgr y jckatukr. Ikrquc cb fk aksgffk anrrcspnbjgcbtc anb ubk T sg su rcspucstk cs vcrjkjcrk (U) n ekfsk (E).

;. Zcbon iuadn igcjn k inrgric. U E0. Kfoubk vcz ic vgcbc k fk ak`czk fk gjck jc fk iucrtc. U E

1. Bn ic pnbc bcrvgnsn aukbjn fk ocbtc dk`fk sn`rc fk iucrtc. U E:. Ic dnrrnrgzk pcbskr quc tcbon quc tcbcr ubk npcrkagñb. U E3. Bn tcbon igcjn cb k`snfutn jc inrgric. U E5. Bn tcbon cspcagkficbtc igcjn k tcbcr aëbacr. U E?. Fk gjck jc fk iucrtc bubak ic infcstk. U E4. K icbujn cstny kefgogjn pnrquc cf tgcipn pksk iuy rëpgjkicbtc. U E7. Zcbon igcjn k inrgr jc ubk iucrtc jnfnrnsk. U E;8. Cf tcik jc fk vgjk jcspuçs jc fk iucrtc ic prcnaupk iuadn. U E;;. Ic cspkbtk tcbcr ub ktkquc kf anrkzñb. U E;0. K icbujn pgcbsn quc fk vgjk cs rckficbtc anrtk. U E;1. Ic cstrciczan aukbjn fk ocbtc dk`fc jc fk tcracrk U E

;:. oucrrk iubjgkfFk vgsgñb jc ub akjëvcr ic dnrrnrgzk. U E;3. Xgcbsn quc cf euturn bn ic jcpkrk bkjk quc tcicr. U E

;. ¾Cs anbsagcbtc jc trk`kmkr cb anbtkatn jék k jék anb pcrsnbks cb prnacsn jc iucrtc n kftn rgcson jc inrgr>

Qg Bn

0. ¾[uç cinagnbcs cxpcrgicbtk kbtc fk iucrtc>

-

-

1. ¾Qu vgvcbagk anb fk iucrtc fc dk gbefugjn cb su vgjk>

Qg Bn

¾Jc quç ikbcrk>

:. ¾Arcc quc jgspnbc jc fks dcrrkigcbtks psgansnagkfcs bcacskrgks pkrk `rgbjkr fns augjkjns bcacskrgns k ubk pcrsnbkcb su prnacsn jc fk iucrtc>

Qg Bn





4

4

¾Auëfcs snb csks dcrrkigcbtks>

3. ¾Anbsgjcrk quc dk vgvgjn sgtukagnbcs gbañinjks kbtc cf pkagcbtc inrg`ubjn y su ekigfgk>

Qg Bn

¾[uç cs fn quc dkac quc fk sgtukagñb sck gbañinjk>

5. ¾Arccs bcacskrgk gbstkbagks jc kpnyn psgancinagnbkf pkrk fns prnecsgnbkfcs quc cbercbtkb ercaucbtcicbtc fk iucrtcjc pkagcbtcs>

Qg Bn

?. ¾Arcc quc sc fc jk ikynr gipnrtkagñb k fk enrikagñb tçabgak quc k fk psganfñogak cb su Sbgjkj>

Qg Bn

Cjkj= Qcxn=

Zgcipn jc cxpcrgcbagk prnecsgnbkf (cb icscs y kûns)=

Zgcipn trk`kmkjn cb fk SAG (cb icscs y kûns)=

Orkagks pnr su anfk`nrkagñb.Pcsuftkjns

Pcspnbjcb k fns aucstgnbkrgns 30 prnecsgnbkfcs, fn quc anbstgtuyc ub ?3,:% jcf tntkf, jc fns aukfcs 07 snb iumcrcs(33,4%) y 01 dni`rcs (::,0%). Cb rcfkagñb k fns jktns snagnjcinorëegans (tk`fk G), trktkins anb ubk pn`fkagñb rc-fktgvkicbtc mnvcb anb cjkj icjgk jc 1: kûns, anb ub tgcipn jc cxpcrgcbagk prnecsgnbkf icjgn jc ;; kûns y anb ubk prëatgak cb fk ubgjkj jc 5 kûns, fk aukf rcqugcrc agcrtk cspcagkfgzkagñb kf cstkr ercbtc k ub pkagcbtc arétgan.



7

7


Pcspcatn kf bgvcf jc kbsgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtc (tk`fk GG), sc n`tgcbcb pubtukagnbcs jc icjgk quc efuatýkb kfrcjcjnr

jcf pubtn icjgn (5,5?), bn cxgstgcbjn jgecrcbagks sgobgegaktgvks cbtrc dni`rcs y iumcrcs. Bgboubn jc fns pkrtgagpkbtcsn`tuvn cf vkfnr iëxgin quc jgspnbc fk csakfk (;3 pubtns). Cb dni`rcs, trcs jc cffns dkb prcscbtkjn anin vkfnr ië-xgin ;0 pubtns, igcbtrks quc jns iumcrcs dkb prcscbtkjn ;; pubtns anin vkfnr iëxgin, scougjks jc ntrks jns qucdkb n`tcbgjn ;8 pubtns.

Cf ;88% jc fns cbtrcvgstkjns snb anbsagcbtcs jc trk`kmkr cb anbtkatn jék k jék anb pcrsnbks cb prnacsn jc iucrtcn kftn rgcson jc inrgr. Xkrk cf 45,3% jc fns cbaucstkjns, su vgvcbagk jgkrgk anb fk iucrtc fcs dk gbefugjn jc jgecrcbtcsenriks n jgstgbtks csecrks jc sus vgjks. Qc dkb cxtrkéjn jgvcrsks aktconréks (tk`fk GGG), rcskftkbjn quc cb rcfkagñb kf

tcik k trktkr, cstc anbtkatn jgkrgn anb fk iucrtc bn cs utgfgzkjn pkrk ikbcmkr icmnr cf tcinr n fk kbsgcjkj, sgbn qucfcs dk gbefugjn cb su egfnsneék jc vgjk, pcrigtgçbjnfcs quc fc jcb ikynr vkfnr k fn quc akjk ubn kbtcpnbok cb su vgjk.Cstk vgvcbagk anb fk iucrtc, jcsktk ubk scrgc jc cinagnbcs, quc sc dkb pnjgjn kubkr cb aktconréks (tk`fk GU). Xkrk fkorkb ikynrék, fk iucrtc jc fns pkagcbtcs fcs ocbcrk kfoýb scbtgigcbtn, jcmkbjn jc scr anbtcstkjk pnr ub `kmn pnracbtkmc.Cb anbmubtn, fks cinagnbcs prcjnigbkbtcs snb jc tgpn bcoktgvn. Fk cinagñb k cstujgn pnr scpkrkjk pksk jcskpcrag`gjk,sgcbjn gjcbtgegakjk pnr ub `kmn pnracbtkmc (1,0%).



;8

;8



Sb 5;,3% jc fns cbecricrns dkb rcanbnagjn quc bn jgspnbcb jc fks dcrrkigcbtks psgansnagkfcs bcacskrgks. Cbtrcfks rcspucstks n`tcbgjks, jc fns quc sé rcanbnacb jgspnbcr jc cstks dcrrkigcbtks, sc cstk`fcacb aktconréks (Zk`fk U).Dky quc rcskftkr cf býicrn jc prnecsgnbkfcs quc kubquc dkb rcanbnagjn tcbcrfks, bn dkb dcadn kfusgñb aukbjn sc fcsdk prcoubtkjn sn`rc auëfcs snb.

Sb ?5,7% jc fns prnecsgnbkfcs anbsgjcrkb quc dkb vgvgjn kfoubk sgtukagñb gbañinjk kbtc cf pkagcbtc inrg`ubjny su ekigfgk, sgcbjn cstk ýftgik ub ekatnr prnpgagn pkrk jkrsc cstc tgpn jc sgtukagnbcs gbañinjks (tk`fk UG). Fk gb-efucbagk jc fk iucrtc, dkac quc cf 7:,0% sc gbafgbc pnr fk bcacsgjkj jc gbstkbagks jc kpnyn cinagnbkf. Cb rcfkagñb kfk enrikagñb tçabgak y psganfñogak, sc jcbntk ubk gipnrtkbtc jcsgoukfjkj, jnbjc rcefcmkb quc sc fc jk ikynr gipnr-tkbagk k fk tçabgak quc k fn psganfñogan cb fk SAG k cstujgn (44,3% vs. ;;,3% rcspcatgvkicbtc).



;;

;;

Jgsausgñb

Cstkins kbtc ubk pn`fkagñb quc sgouc fk igsik tñbgakquc ntrns trk`kmns prcvgns ffcvkjns k ak`n cb cbecricrns,jnbjc prcjnigbk cf scxn ecicbgbn ercbtc kf iksaufgbn,

kubquc bn anb orkbjcs jgecrcbagks4. Ffkik fk ktcbagñb fk pkrgjkj cb fk SAG, pujgçbjnsc jc`cr k quc kf trktkrsc jcubk ubgjkj tcabgegakjk, sck ub akipn jc ikynr gbtcrçs pkrk cf scxn iksaufgbn. Kf kbkfgzkr fk vkrgk`fc cjkj, trk-tkins anb ubk pn`fkagñb mnvcb, fn aukf gbefuyc k fk dnrkjc anbnacr añin cs su vgvcbagk kbtc fk iucrtc. Cstc cx-trcin cs anbegrikjn pnr Okraék Akrn7, cf aukf cxpfgak quccf ekatnr cjkj, rcfkagnbkjn anb fk cxpcrgcbagk prnecsgn-bkf, pkrcac jctcrigbkbtc cb fks katgtujcs jc fns prnecsgn-bkfcs. Ksé fn cxpnbcb cstns kutnrcs, ‖fns iës mñvcbcsqugcrcb dkacr tnjn, fn pnsg`fc y fn gipnsg`fc, sgb rcpkrkr

cb fns cecatns bg cb cf jkûn quc pucjc akuskr. Cs iuadniës jgeéagf kacptkr fk iucrtc pkrk kfougcb mnvcb kf quckjciës fc dkb gbaufakjn quc su igsgñb cs aurkr, n aug-jkr’7.

Anin crk jc cspcrkr, fk gbstgtuagnbkfgzkagñb jc fkiucrtc sc vc rcefcmkjk, pnbgçbjnsc cb cvgjcbagk, aukbjnfns prnecsgnbkfcs pnr ubkbgigjkj snb anbsagcbtcs jc ktcb-jcr k pcrsnbks anb kftn rgcson jc inrgr n cstëb cb pfcbn prnacsn jc iucrtc. Cffn anbaucrjk pcrecatkicbtc aukbjnsc cxpnbc quc fk iucrtc cs ubk rckfgjkj antgjgkbk cb fkSAG, y jc kdé fk bcacsgjkj pkrk cstujgkr su gbefucbagk cbcf pcrsnbkf. Xkrkfcfkicbtc, k pcskr jc fn sgfcbagnsk quc csfk iucrtc, bn pksk jcskpcrag`gjk, gbefuycbjn cb cf cbecr-icrn quc ktgcbjc. Cs npnrtubn jcstkakr quc jgadk gbefucb-agk bn sc anrrcspnbjc, k fk dnrk jc kyujkr kf prnecsgnbkf

k kacptkr fk iucrtc anin rckfgjkj, pujgcbjn jgsigbugr cftcinr n fk kbsgcjkj. Fks cbecricrks/ns dkb jcstkakjn qucerutn jc cstk gbefucbagk sc kprcbjc k vkfnrkr iës fk vgjk,

fks pcrsnbks n fks ansks. Cffn bns dkac anipkrtgr fk erksccxpucstk pnr Orku K`kfn3, rcanogjk cb ubn jc fns ýftginsfg`rns pnr Lö`fcr-Pnss ‖¾Qg bn eucrk pnr fk iucrtc, vkfn-rkrékins k aksn fk vgjk>’.

Kbtcs jc icbagnbkr fk cinagñb k cstujgn, sc dkac bc-acskrgn dkacr kfusgñb k ubk jc fks fgigtkagnbcs jcf igsiny quc pucjc dkacr gbtcrecrcbagk cb fns rcsuftkjns n`tcbg-jns. Kf kbkfgzkr cf ecbñicbn cb ub pcrénjn anrtn jctgcipn, pucjc vcrsc gbefucbagkjn pnr sgtukagnbcs jc cstrçsn sn`rcakrok k fk quc sc pucjk vcr snictgjn cf pcrsnbkf.Zrks cffn, cs jgobn icbagnbkr quc agcrtn orkjn jc kbsgc-

jkj sc dkac jcbntkr cb fk rutgbk cbecricrk. Pckfgzkbjnubk kprnxgikagñb k fns rcsuftkjns n`tcbgjns, fk iucstrkofn`kf prcscbtk ubk kbsgcjkj quc sc sgtýk jcbtrn jc fksicjgks jc bnrikfgjkj scoýb Fnbcttn y Zcipfcr cb fk pn`fkagñb cb ocbcrkf (:.3 y ?)?. Qc dkac ekvnrk`fc qucsc dkyk n`tcbgjn jgadk icjgk, fn aukf fcs dkac cstkr cb ubcstkjn jc kfcrtk jnbjc su pcracpagñb y ktcbagñb cstëbgbarcicbtkjks, anbscrvkbjn fk akpkagjkj jc kernbtkr y rc-snfvcr fk sgtukagñb, nercagcbjn fk ktcbagñb kjcaukjk. PkmkDcrbëbjcz4, gbvcstgokbjn kacrak jc fk gbefucbagk jc fksarccbagks rcfgognsks cb fks katgtujcs cb cf pcrsnbkf skbgtk-rgn kbtc fk iucrtc, utgfgzkbjn fk Csakfk jc kbsgcjkj kbtcfk iucrtc jc Zcipfcr, dk n`tcbgjn fk igsik pubtukagñb.Fk kegrikagñb quc rckfgzkb sn`rc cffn, fc jk ikynr eucrzkkf pfkbtckigcbtn= ‖fk kbsgcjkj icjgk kbtc fk iucrtc cs




;0

;0

injcrkjk `kmk. Fn aukf cs ub jktn gipnrtkbtc k ekvnr jc

cstc anfcatgvn, jkjn fn skfujk`fc jc cstk katgtuj cb cfcmcragagn prnecsgnbkf’4.

Anin anbscaucbagk jc ntrk jc fks fgigtkagnbcs jcf prcscbtc trk`kmn, bn cs pnsg`fc kanipkûkr fns jktns sn`rcfk tñbgak ocbcrkf quc cxpnbc Pkmk Dcrbëbjcz4, qugcb anb-sgjcrk quc anbenric sc kacrakb kf egbkf jc fk vgjk, ku-icbtk fk kbsgcjkj quc sc tgcbc kbtc fk iucrtc. Cstkfgigtkagñb prnvgcbc jcf jgscûn jcf cstujgn yk quc kf scr trkbsvcrskf, sc kbkfgzk ub pcrénjn vcbtkbk quc bn pucjcrcefcmkr tntkficbtc fk vcrjkjcrk rckfgjkj. Qcrék gbtcrcskbtcgipufskr k gbvcstgokr fk igsik iucstrk jcbtrn jc agcrtn

tgcipn y pnjcr anrrn`nrkr fn cxpucstn pnr cstns kutnrcs.Fns prnecsgnbkfcs jc cbecricrék bn cstëb cxcbtns jc fk vg-vcbagk jc cinagnbcs quc ocbcrk fk iucrtc y cf trk`kmn anbcbecrins inrgùbjns jcscbakjcbkjns cinagnbcs anin=trgstczk, pcbk, kfgvgn, rk`gk… Cs aurgnsn quc gjcbtgegqucbanin fk cinagñb iës cxpcrgicbtkjk fk trgstczk, pnr fnquc gbvgtk k rcefcxgnbkr sg cf pcrsnbkf tgcbc anbsagcbagk jcfk kbsgcjkj anin ubk cinagñb. Xrcjnigbkbjn cinagnbcsbcoktgvks cb fk ubgjkj, pucjc anbjuagr kf pcrsnbkf k kfc- mkrsc yk bn jc fk sgtukagñb, sgbn jcf pkagcbtc y su ekigfgk, pujgcbjn dkacr usn jc icakbgsins jc jcecbsks gbkprn-

pgkjns.Fk cipkték, ¾cinagñb n dcrrkigcbtk psgansnagkf> K fkdnrk jc gjcbtgegakr cinagnbcs, cf dcadn jc icbagnbkrfk pcrigtc pnbcr ikynr çbeksgs cb fk akrcbagk jc enrikagñbcb rcfkagñb k fks dcrrkigcbtks psgansnagkfcs. Qg k cffn, fcsuikins fk arccbagk jc fns prnecsgnbkfcs sn`rc quc sc fcjk ikynr gipnrtkbagk k fk enrikagñb tçabgak quc psgan-fñogak cb su ubgjkj, pkrcac gbjgakr quc cf cqugpn cstu-jgkjn jcscc ubk ikynr enrikagñb psganfñogak pkrkjcscipcûkr iës cegakzicbtc fks tkrcks jcf augjkjn ercbtckf pkagcbtc inrgùbjn.

Cb fn anbacrbgcbtc k fk bcacsgjkj jc gbstkbagks jckpnyn cinagnbkf, vcins quc fns rcsuftkjns pnbcb cbcvgjcbagk cstk gbsuegagcbagk. Xnjrék scr gbtcrcskbtc, pnbcr k jgspnsgagñb jc fns prnecsgnbkfcs fk pnsg`gfgjkj jc gbgagkr kfoýb tgpn jc tcrkpgk n kpnyn pkrk anbscougr quc cstkscinagnbcs bn jcrgvcb cb prn`fciks ksgstcbagkfcs, pu-jgcbjn cxprcskr fg`rcicbtc fks cinagnbcs, scbtgigcbtnsn prcnaupkagnbcs quc ogrkb cb tnrbn k fk iucrtc.

Fk acrakbék anb fk iucrtc prnvnak cb fns cbecricrnskfoubk sgtukagñb gbañinjk kbtc cf pkagcbtc inrgùbjn ysu ekigfgk. Qg cstkins cb ubk SAG, kbtc ub pkagcbtc cb cs-tkjn jc anik, cf aukf bn cxprcsk bg sgqugcrk bns igrk, ¾pnr

quç kpkrcac cstk gbaninjgjkj> Dky quc cbtcbjcr quc jc-trës jc bucstrn pkagcbtc sc cbaucbtrk ubk ekigfgk, fk aukfbn cstë prcpkrk pkrk fk pnsg`fc pçrjgjk. Cs bcacskrgn kyu-

jkrfns y kanipkûkrfns prnpnragnbëbjnfcs ub ki`gcbtc tc-

rkpçutgan quc fcs pcrigtk kuicbtkr fk scbskagñb jc hhanb-trnfºº y anbenrt. Cffns pnr su pkrtc, gbanbsagcbtcicbtckyujkb k fk cbecricrék cb fk cmcauagñb jc fk fk`nr quc bnsktkûc kbtc cstks sgtukagnbcs. Qg igrëscins fns rcsuftkjns `kmn ubk pcrspcatgvk nptgigstk, cf dcadn jc quc k fns prn-ecsgnbkfcs fcs rcsuftc gbañinjn fks rckaagnbcs n katgtujcsjc fk ekigfgk, cs ub kspcatn k ekvnr jc fk ubgjkj cb ocbc-rkf, yk quc pnbc jc ikbgegcstn cf kanipkûkigcbtn kf pk-agcbtc kf egbkf jc fk vgjk.

Anin sg jc ubk cstrcffk jc agbc dk`fëscins, fk iucrtcbn jcmk gbjgecrcbtc k bkjgc k su pksn, jcmkbjn jctrës ubk

cstcfk jc cinagnbcs n scbtgigcbtns. Qc sgouc rcefcmkbjnfks jgegauftkjcs anb fks quc cf anfcatgvn cbecricrn sc tnpkkf cbercbtkrsc k fk iucrtc, kûkjgçbjnfc cf pfus, jc quc sckbcffns fns quc oukrjcb ubk ikynr rcfkagñb anb cf pkagcbtcksé anin anb su cbtnrbn.

Zrks fk cfk`nrkagñb jcf cstujgn sc dkb pnjgjn n`tcbcr vkrgks anbafusgnbcs quc sc agtkb=;. Qc pnbc jc ikbgegcstn quc cf bgvcf jc kbsgcjkjkbtc fk iucrtc, bn cs supcrgnr k fns vkfnrcs icjgns jc fk pn`fkagñb ocbcrkf.0. Fns prnecsgnbkfcs snb anbsagcbtcs jc quc fk iucrtc

cstë prcscbtc cb su qucdkacr fk`nrkf, gbefuycbjn jc ik-bcrk nptgigstk cb su vgjk pcrsnbkf, kubquc bn cb fk prn-ecsgnbkf.1. Cstns prnecsgnbkfcs jgspnbcb jc csaksks dcrrkigcb-tks psgansnagkfcs quc fcs pcrigtkb `rgbjkr augjkjns kjc-aukjns kf egbkf jc fk vgjk.:. Kf trk`kmn acrakbn anb fk iucrtc, sc fc suik fksgbaninjgjkjcs quc fns cbecricrns gjcbtgegakb, sgcbjn fkekigfgk ub cfcicbtn jc `kstkbtc pcsn.5. Qcrék gbtcrcskbtc gbgagkr kfoýb tgpn jc kpnyn cinagnbkfn prcpkrkagñb jc tgpn psgantcrkpçutgan pkrk anbscougr quc

cstks cinagnbcs bcoktgvks bn jcrgvcb cb prn`fciks ksgs-tcbagkfcs.

Korkjcagigcbtns

Cb prgicr fuokr korkjcac k Jnb Ok`rgcf Cstçvcz Ouc-rrk, pnr anbegkr cb ié y jkric eucrzks cb kfoýb inicbtn pkrk scougr kjcfkbtc anb fk gbvcstgokagñb. Zki`gçb kork-jcacrfc su tgcipn k pcskr jc fk akrok jc trk`kmn quc pucjktcbcr, su aniprnigsn y sn`rc tnjn su prnecsgnbkfgjkj.

Zki`gçb korkjcacr k ubk pcrsnbk quc anbnaé jc ak-sukfgjkj kf ffcokr k fk ubgjkj jc cstujgn, Mnsç QkbtgkonOnbzëfcz Akipns. Orkagks pnr nercacric su tntkf jgspn-bg`gfgjkj aukbjn fn bcacsgtk`k.

Korkjcacr k tnjn cf pcrsnbkf jc cbecricrék jc fk Sbg-





;1

;1

jkj jc Augjkjns Gbtcbsgvns jcf cstujgn, pnr su anfk`nrk-agñb c gbtcrçs jc jgadk gbvcstgokagñb. Orkagks pnr akjk

ubk jc fks kpnrtkagnbcs quc ic dkb jkjn.

@g`fgnorkeék

;. Ikzk Ak`rcrk I, ]kvkfk Outgçrrcz I, Icrgbn Cs-an`kr MI. Katgtuj jcf prnecsgnbkf jc cbecricrék kbtc fkiucrtc jc pkagcbtcs. Agcbagk y Cbecricrék 0884< ;3(;)= 17-:4. Jgspnbg`fc cb=dttp=//www.sagcfn.af/pje/agcbe/v;3b;/krt85.pje. Anbsuf-

tkjn cf 0? jc Cbcrn jc 08;0 k fks ;:=31 dnrks.

0. Qkfvkjnr @nrrcff I. Kanipkûkr cb fk iucrtc. Pcv PNFCbe. 08;8< 11(;;)= ?:0-?3:.

1. Z. Fginbcrn M, Zniës- Që`kjn M, Ecrbëbjcz-Akstrn M,Afkjcffks P, Oñicz- @cbgtn M. Anipctcbagk pcrsnbkf pcr-ag`gjk y kbsgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtc cb cstujgkbtcs jc cbecr-icrék. Kbsgcjkj y cstrçs 08;8< ;5(0-1)= ;??-;44.Jgspnbg`fc cb=dttp=//cs.sarg`j.ani/jna/?:33;430/Kbsgc-jkj-Kbtc-Fk-Iucrtc-cb-Cst-jc-Cbecricrgk. Anbsuftkjncf 0? jc Cbcrn jc 08;0 k fks 08=80 dnrks.

:. Zniës Që`kjn M, Ecrbëbjcz Bkrvëcz X, Ecrbëbjcz Jn-bkgrc F, Krkjgffk Dcrrcrn K. Pcvgsgñb jc fk ctgquctk jgko-bñstgak kbsgcjkj kbtc fk iucrtc. Cbecri Afgb.088?<;?(1)=;30-5.

3. Orku K`kfn M, Ffkbtë K`rcu IªA, Ikssgp Xçrcz A,Adkañb Pnocr I, Pcycs Içbjcz Iª A, Gbekbtc XcjrcgrkN, ct kf. Kbsgcjkj y katgtujcs kbtc fk iucrtc= rcvgsgñb yakrkatcrgzkagñb cb ub orupn dctcrnoçbcn jc prnecsgnbkfcsquc sc akpkagtk cb augjkjns pkfgktgvns. Xcbskigcbtn Xsg-anfñogan 0884<:(;8)=0?-34. Jgspnbg`fc cb=d t tp = / /j gk fbct .ubgr gn mk .cs /scrvfc t /kr t gaufn>an-jgon90?7053?.Anbsuftkjn cf 0? jc Cbcrn jc 08;0 kfks;?=83 dnrks.

5. Pgvcrk- Fcjcsik K, Inbtcrn-Fñpcz Fcbk I. Xrnpgc-jkjcs psganiçtrgaks jc fk csakfk jc kbsgcjkj kbtc fkiucrtc jc Zcipfcr cb sumctns icxgakbns. Jgvcrs.= Xcrs- pcat. Xsganf. 08;8< 5 (;)= ;13 ‑ ;:8. Jgspnbg`fc cb=dttp=//www.ustk.cju.an/ntrks^pko/rcvgstks/jgvcrsgtks/jna^ pje/jgvcrsgtks^;8/vnf.5bn.;/kr tgaufn^;8.pje. Anbsuftkjncf 0? jc Cbcrn jc 08;0 k fks ;:=38 dnrks.

?. Zniës Që`kjn M, Ougx Ffgstucffk C. Kbsgcjkj kbtcs fkiucrtc= cecatns jc ub aursn jc enrikagñb cb cbecricrksy kuxgfgkrcs jc cbecricrék. Cbecri Afgb. 088;<;; (1)= ;8:-

;87.Jgspnbg`fc cb= dttp=//www.rcsckradoktc.bct/pu`fgak-tgnb/:3:;184?^Kbsgcjkj^kbtc^fkîucrtc^cecatns^jcûb

âursn^jcênrikagñb^cb^cbecricrks^y^kuxgfgkrcs^jc cbecricrék.

4. Okraék Akrn IX, Qadigjt Pgn- Ukffc M, Aruz [ugbtkbkE, Xrkjns Xcûk J, Iuûñz Ugbucsk K, Xkppnus K. Cbecr-icjkj tcrigbkf, iucrtc…cb pkfk`rks jc fns prnecsgnbkfcs(y GG). Pcv PNF Cbe. 0884< 1;(3)= 1?:-1?4.




;:

;:

PCQSICB

Gbtrnjuaagñb= Cf scatnr jc fk skfuj dk sgjn pkrtgaufkr-icbtc kecatkjn anin anbscaucbagk jc cvcbtns bkturkfcs,agcbtns jc pcrsnbks dkb pcrjgjn sus vgjks aukbjn fns dnspgtkfcs y acbtrns jc skfuj dkb anfkpskjn y fns scrvgagns

jc skfuj sc dkb vgstn gbtcrruipgjns aukbjn iës sc bcac-sgtkb. Cf n`mctgvn jc cstk gbvcstgokagñb euc kbkfgzkr fksicjgjks jc prcvcbagñb jcf pcrsnbkf jc cbecricrék cb aksnjc jcskstrc k bgvcf dnspgtkfkrgn.Iktcrgkf y içtnjn= Cstujgn aukbtgtktgvn, jcsargptgvntrkbsvcrskf, cxpfnrktnrgn, rckfgzkjn cb trcs dnspgtkfcs pý- `fgans jc tcracr bgvcf jc ktcbagñb jcf Cstkjn jc Içxgan,anb ubk pn`fkagñb jc ;45 cbecricrks.Pcsuftkjns= ?:% jcf oçbcrn ecicbgbn y cf 05% iksau-fgbn, cf 73.0%, rcanbnagñ quc su dnspgtkf cs vufbcrk`fc kecbñicbns bkturkfcs n kbtrnpnoçbgans, cf 18% rcegrgñ quc

su dnspgtkf scourn, cf 58% bn anbnac pfkb jc cicrocbagk.Cf ?0.5 % bn tgcbc anb afkrgjkj fks icjgjks jc prcvcb-agñb, cf :1% dk rcag`gjn akpkagtkagñb, cf ;4% enrik pkrtcjc ubk `rgokjk. Cf 18% dk rckfgzkjn sgiufkarns cb sgtuk-agñb jc jcskstrcs y cf 74% jcf pcrsnbkf anbsgjcrk quc csbcacskrgk ubk akpkagtkagñb anbtgbuk cb prcvcbagñb jc jc-skstrcs dnspgtkfkrgns.Anbafusgnbcs= Qc pfkbtck fk bcacsgjkj jc prnpnragnbkr akpkagtkagñb anbtgbuk k cbecricrks y tnjns fns trk`kmkjn-rcs quc fk`nrkb cb gbstgtuagnbcs jc skfuj sn`rc icjgjksjc prcvcbagñb y rcjuaagñb jc kicbkzks, cb sgtukagnbcs

jc cicrocbagk, naksgnbkjks pnr jcskstrcs k bgvcf dnspg-tkfkrgn.Xkfk`rks afkvc= Cbecricrék, prcvcbagñb, jcskstrcs dnspgtkfkrgns.

K@QZPKAZ

Gbtrnjuaatgnb= Zdc dckftd scatnr dks `ccb pkrtgaufkrfykeecatcj ks k rcsuft ne bkturkf cvcbts. Dubjrcjs ne pcnpfcdkvc fnst tdcgr fgvcs `cakusc ne tdc anffkpsc ne dnspgtkfskbj dckftd acbtcrs kbj dckftd scrvgacs dkvc `ccb gbtcrrup-

tcj wdcb tdcy krc inst bccjcj. Zdc purpnsc ne tdgs rcsc-krad wks tn kbkfyzc tdc prcvcbtgnb icksurc ne tdc bursgbostkee gb tdc cvcbt ne k dnspgtkf jgskstcr.Iktcrgkf kbj ictdnjs= [ukbtgtktgvc, jcsargptgvc arnss-scatgnbkf, cxpfnrktnry stujy akrrgcj nut kt tdrcc pu`fgadnspgtkfs ne tdgrj fcvcf ne akrc gb tdc Qtktc ne Icxgan wgtdk pnpufktgnb ne ;45 burscs.Pcsufts= ?: % ne tdc ecikfc ocbjcr wnicb kbj 05 % ne tdc ikfc ocbjcr icb, 73,0 % rcanobgzcj tdkt tdcgr dnspg-tkf gs vufbcrk`fc tn bkturkf nr kbtdrnpnocbga pdcbnicbk,18% icbtgnbcj tdkt tdcgr dnspgtkf gs k skec nbc, 58% jn

bnt dkvc kb cicrocbay pfkb. ?0,5 % gs bnt afckr k`nut tdc prcvcbtgnb icksurcs, :1% dks rcacgvcj trkgbgbo, kbj ;4%gs pkrt ne k `rgokjc. 18% dkvc dcfj jrgffs gb tdc cvcbt ne jgskstcrs, 74% ne tdc bursgbo stkee anbsgjcrs tdkt k anbtg-bunus trkgbgbo nb dnspgtkf jgskstcrs prcvcbtgnb gs bcacs-skry.Anbafusgnbs= Gt gs suoocstcj tdkt tdcrc gs k bccj enr prn-vgjgbo burscs kbj dckftd gbstgtutgnbs' stkee wgtd k anbtg-bunus trkgbgbo, spcagegakffy enr dnspgtkfs, nb prcvcbtgnbicksurcs kbj tdrckt-rcjuatgnb ksscssicbt gb cicrocbaysgtuktgnbs akuscj `y jgskstcrs.Lcy wnrjs= Bursgbo, Xrcvcbtgnb, Dnspgtkf jgskstcrs.

Gbtrnjuaagñb

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= ;:-;?Oñicz Nrtcok, I, Jgiks Kftkigrkbn, @, Qëbadcz Krgks, K O

Cbecricrék cb fk prcvcbagñb jc jcskstrcs k bgvcf dnspgtkfkrgn

Krtéaufn nrgogbkf


Kutnrcs

Oñicz Nrtcok, IIkcstrk cb scourgjkj c dgogcbc naupkagnbkf

Jnatnrk cb Cjuakagñb XcrikbcbtcXrnecsnr gbvcstgokjnr Sbgvcrsgjkj Kutñbnik jcf Cstkjn jc Içxgan

Jgiks Kftkigrkbn, @Ikcstrk cb Cbecricrék cb Kjigbgstrkagñb jc Qcrvgagns jc Qkfuj

Xrnecsnr gbvcstgokjnr Sbgvcrsgjkj Kutñbnik jcf Cstkjn jc Içxgan

Qëbadcz Krgks, K OIkcstrk cb Kjigbgstrkagñb jc Qcrvgagns jc Qkfuj

Xrnecsnr gbvcstgokjnr Sbgvcrsgjkj Kutñbnik jcf Cstkjn jc Içxgan

Zrkzk`gfgjkj cjgtnrgkf

Pcacpagñb= 18-85-08;:Pcvgsgñb pnr pkrcs= 85-8?-08;:Kacptkagñb egbkf= ;5-;;-08;:

AnrrcspnbjcbagkIgrgki Oñicz Nrtcok

igrgkion07Hdntikgf.ani



;3

;3

Jcsjc ;758 fns jcskstrcs bkturkfcs cb Kiçrgak Fktgbky cf Akrg`c dkb akuskjn fk iucrtc jc iës jc ;48.888 pcr-snbks y kprnxgikjkicbtc ub inbtn jc $3: igf igffnbcscb jkûns k fk prnpgcjkj. Cf scatnr jc fk skfuj dk sgjn pkr-tgaufkricbtc kecatkjn. Agcbtns jc pcrsnbks dkb pcrjgjnsus vgjks aukbjn fns dnspgtkfcs y acbtrns jc skfuj dkb an-fkpskjn anin anbscaucbagk jc cvcbtns bkturkfcs, y fnsscrvgagns jc skfuj sc dkb vgstn gbtcrruipgjns aukbjn iëssc bcacsgtkb;.

Cb Içxgan jurkbtc fns sgsins jc ;743, cf DnspgtkfOcbcrkf, cf Acbtrn Içjgan Bkagnbkf qucjn jcstrugjn, sc

jcrrui`krnb fk tnrrc jc Ogbcan`stctrgagk y fk rcsgjcbagkjc içjgans< fk tnrrc prgbagpkf jcf Dnspgtkf Muërcz sc jcs- pfniñ, qucjkrnb ktrkpkjns iës jc 0.888 pcrsnbks tkbtn pcrsnbkf jc skfuj anin pkagcbtcs0. Cf nrgocb jc cstk prn- `fciëtgak cs quc Içxgan tgcbc ub kftn bgvcf jc cxpnsgagñbkf pcfgorn sésigan pnr cstkr u`gakjn cb cf agbturñb jceucon jcf pkaéegan quc fn enrikb fks pfkaks tcatñbgaks Bnrtckicrgakbk, Anans, Pgvcrk y jcf Xkaéegan, anbsgjc-rkjn anin znbk ubk gipnrtkbtc ocbcrkjnrk jc sgsins.Cstns ecbñicbns snb giprcjcag`fcs y trks fk naurrcbagkjc ub sgsin, fk prgbagpkf akusk jc véatgiks y jkûns cb

znbks ur`kbks sc rcfkagnbk anb cf jcrrui`c pkragkf n tntkfjc fks anbstruaagnbcs1.

Fns jcskstrcs sc pucjcb jcegbgr anin ub cvcbtn n su-acsn quc naurrc cb fk ikynrék jc fns aksns cb enrik rc- pcbtgbk c gbcspcrkjk, akuskbjn kftcrkagnbcs gbtcbsks,rcprcscbtkjns pnr fk pçrjgjk jc vgjk y skfuj jc fk pn`fk-agñb, fk jcstruaagñb jc fns `gcbcs jc ubk anfcatgvgjkj yjkûns scvcrns sn`rc cf icjgn ki`gcbtc:.

Xnr tkbtn, fns dnspgtkfcs jc`cb jc scr scourns, jc`cb pcrikbcacr kaacsg`fcs y eubagnbkr k su iëxgik akpkag-jkj, anb fk igsik cstruaturk, kmn ubk sgtukagñb jc cicr-

ocbagk n jc jcskstrc, cstns bn sc jcspfnikrëb jurkbtc ubjcskstrc, fn aukf an`rkrék fk vgjk jc fns pkagcbtcs y jcf pcrsnbkf< pucjcb anbtgbukr eubagnbkbjn y suigbgstrkbjnsus scrvgagns cscbagkfcs aukbjn iës sc bcacsgtkb, cs ubkgbstkfkagñb vgtkf pkrk fk aniubgjkj< quc jc`c jc anbtkr anb ub pfkb jc anbtgbocbagk cstk`fcagjn y pcrsnbkf jcskfuj akpkagtkjn pkrk ikbtcbcr fk gbstgtuagñb cb eubagn-bkigcbtn3.Cxgstcb argtcrgns eubjkicbtkfcs quc jc`cb auipfgrsc jcb-trn jc ub dnspgtkf=-Xrntcaagñb jc fk vgjk= Fk cjgegakagñb jcf cstk`fcagigcbtnjc skfuj cs akpkz jc ikbtcbcrsc cb pgc y rcsgstgr anb jkûniébgin fns ecbñicbns jcstruatgvns jc orkb gbtcbsgjkjquc sc prcscbtkb cb fk znbk.-Xrntcaagñb jc fk eubagñb= Cf cstk`fcagigcbtn jc skfuj cs

akpkz jc ikbtcbcr n icmnrkr su prnjuaagñb jc scrvgagnsjc skfuj anin pkrtc jc fk rcj k quc pcrtcbcac.-Xrntcaagñb jc fk gbvcrsgñb= Fks gbstkfkagnbcs y cf cqugpkigcbtn jcf cstk`fcagigcbtn jc skfuj snb akpkacs jcanipnrtkrsc jc tkf enrik quc suerkb jkûns iébgins yanbtgbýcb npcrktgvns ercbtc k ecbñicbns jcstruatgvns jcorkb gbtcbsgjkj5.

Fn kbtcrgnr, gipfgak quc fk cstruaturk eésgak jc fks gbs-tgtuagnbcs anin fks fébcks vgtkfcs, scrvgagns `ësgans y fknrokbgzkagñb jcf pcrsnbkf quc `rgbjk ktcbagñb kf augjkjnjc fk skfuj jc`c jc gr cbakigbkjk k fk prcvcbagñb?< fks ka-

agnbcs jcf pcrsnbkf jc cbecricrék snb= anfk`nrkr cb cf jg-scûn jc ub pfkb jc cicrocbagk scoýb fks kicbkzks nrgcsons cxgstcbtcs, ikbtcbcr pksgffns y skfgjks fg`rcs jcn`stëaufns, fks ërcks jc kfikacbkigcbtn cb nrjcb, cf lkr-jcx n rcogstrn k fk vgstk y tcbcr k fns pkagcbtcs jc`gjk-icbtc gjcbtgegakjns< ikbcmkr fns cxtgbtnrcs y fks icjgjks `ësgaks jc katukagñb cb aksn jc sgsin y jc gbacbjgn, gjcb-tgegakr znbks scourks, rutks jc cvkaukagñb, pubtns jc rcu-bgñb, cjuakr k su pcrsnbkf, pkagcbtcs y vgsgtkbtcs sn`rc fksicjgjks ocbcrkfcs jc scourgjkj, cbtrc ntrns, fn aukf cscscbagkf cb aksn jc ubk cvkaukagñb.

Iës kffë jc fk eubagñb jgkrgk jc fns dnspgtkfcs ubk vczquc suacjc ub jcskstrc, cstns jc`cb (sgb jcsaugjkr su prn-orkikagñb rutgbkrgk), gbarcicbtkr su akpkagjkj jc prcs-tkagñb jc scrvgagns pkrk rcspnbjcr k fk jcikbjk kjgagnbkfocbcrkjk pnr fk sgtukagñb. Anb `ksc cb fk cxpcrgcbagk rc-suftk gipnrtkbtc quc fks gbstgtuagnbcs jcstgbkjks kf aug-jkjn jc fk skfuj sc cbaucbtrcb prcpkrkjks pkrk okrkbtgzkr fk anbtgbugjkj cb su eubagnbkigcbtn jc ikbcrk cecatgvkc gbgbtcrruipgjk, anb fk pnsg`gfgjkj jc cxpkbjgr su akpk-agjkj jc ktcbagñb cb aksn jc cbercbtkr cvcbtns giprcvgs-tns anin tcrrcintns, durkakbcs n aukfqugcr ntrn tgpn jc

jcskstrc5

.Xkrk fnorkr fn kbtcrgnr, sc jc`cb enrtkfcacr fns kspcatnsbn cstruaturkfcs jc fks anbstruaagnbcs, ksé anin su nrok-bgzkagñb eubagnbkf, jgscûkr pfkbcs y prnorkiks pkrk ak- pkagtkr kf pcrsnbkf jc fks gbstgtuagnbcs anb rcfkagñb k quçdkacr cb aksn jc jcskstrc. Fns pfkbcs jc`cb gbafugr kf ëi- `gtn dnspgtkfkrgn, fk aniubgjkj y cf cbtnrbn ocnorëegan,cstns ekatnrcs sc cbaucbtrkb cb anbtgbuk gbtcrkaagñb ani- pkrtgcbjn antgjgkbkicbtc fk igsik vufbcrk`gfgjkj y rgcs-ons. Fk jgecrcbagk cb tçrigbns jc anstns cbtrc ub dnspgtkfscourn y ubn quc bn fn cs pucjc scr gbsgobgegakbtc. Xcrncstk gbvcrsgñb iébgik pucjc rcprcscbtkr fk jgecrcbagkcbtrc fk vgjk y fk iucrtc, n cbtrc cf cipn`rcagigcbtn jcubk aniubgjkj y su jcskrrnffn snstcbg`fc3, fk rcjuaagñbjcf rgcson jc jcskstrcs ub ksubtn jc tnjns.

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= ;:-;?Oñicz Nrtcok, I, Jgiks Kftkigrkbn, @, Qëbadcz Krgks, K OCbecricrék cb fk prcvcbagñb jc jcskstrcs k bgvcf dnspgtkfkrgn



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Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= ;:-;?Oñicz Nrtcok, I, Jgiks Kftkigrkbn, @, Qëbadcz Krgks, K O


Cf n`mctgvn jc cstk gbvcstgokagñb euc kbkfgzkr fks ic-

jgjks jc prcvcbagñb jcf pcrsnbkf jc cbecricrék cb sgtuk-agñb jc jcskstrc k bgvcf dnspgtkfkrgn, pkrk rcenrzkr cb fksicjgjks jc igtgokagñb cb fks gbstkfkagnbcs skbgtkrgks, quckpnycb cb fk gbtcorgjkj jcf pcrsnbkf jc cbecricrék kséanin fk jc fns pkagcbtcs y cqugpn iuftgjgsagpfgbkrgn.

Iktcrgkf y içtnjns

Cf prcscbtc trk`kmn sc jcrgvk jcf prnycatn jc gbvcstg-okagñb= Kaagnbcs jc cbecricrék cb fk prcvcbagñb jc jc-skstrcs k bgvcf dnspgtkfkrgn, anin n`mctn jc cstujgn jc fk

cbecricrk prnecsgnbkf. Cb ub scbtgjn tcñrgan-ictnjnfñ-ogan, ani`gbkjn anb ubk ictnjnfnoék aukbtgtktgvk, jcs-argptgvn trkbsvcrskf. Qc trktk jc ub cstujgn cxpfnrktnrgn yjc jgkobñstgan, rckfgzkjn cb trcs dnspgtkfcs pý`fgans jctcracr bgvcf jc ktcbagñb jcf Cstkjn jc Içxgan. Fk pn`fk-agñb cstuvn gbtcorkjk pnr 338 cbecricrks y fk iucstrk anb;45 cbecricrks quc sc cbanbtrk`kb trk`kmkbjn cb fns jg-ecrcbtcs scrvgagns y turbns jc fns dnspgtkfcs jurkbtc fnsicscs jc ec`rcrn k k`rgf jc 08;:.

Fk scfcaagñb euc jc ikbcrk gbtcbagnbkjk. Fns rcqug-sgtns jc gbafusgñb eucrnb, anbtkr anb iës jc ub kûn jc cx-

pcrgcbagk cb su akipn fk`nrkf y kacptkr scr cbaucstkjnsk trkvçs jc fk egrik jc anbscbtgigcbtn gbenrikjn. Fnsjktns sc rcanfcatkrnb icjgkbtc ub aucstgnbkrgn anb ubkanbegk`gfgjkj jc 8,?35 cb Kfek jc Arnb`kad, jc ub jnau-icbtn jc fk Nrokbgzkagñb Xkbkicrgakbk jc fk Qkfuj,sn`rc dnspgtkf scourn, fk aukf sc injgegañ y euc gbtcorkjnanb prcoubtks jgantñigaks. Qc cipfcñ pkrk cf içtnjn jckbëfgsgs cf prnorkik QXQQ vcrsgñb ;7 y sc anbstruycrnbtrcs býafcns tciëtgans= su sgtukagñb kakjçigak, icjgjksjc prcvcbagñb cb fk prëatgak prnecsgnbkf y akpkagtkagñb jcfk cbecricrk cb prcvcbagñb jc jcskstrcs.

Pcsuftkjns

Fk iucstrk sc gbtcorñ pnr ;45 Cbecricrks jc trcs dnspgtkfcs jc tcracr bgvcf jcf Cstkjn jc Içxgan, Dnspgtkf Kanb 10,1%, @ anb 14,0% y cb cf A anb 07,5%. Cb rcec-rcbagk kf oçbcrn jc tnjns fns dnspgtkfcs cf ?:% anrrcspnb-jgñ kf oçbcrn ecicbgbn y cf 05 % kf iksaufgbn, fk icjgkcb fk cjkj euc jc 04 kûns, fk jcsvgkagñb cstëbjkr euc jc7,8?0.

Cb aukbtn k sgtukagñb kakjçigak cf bgvcf jc cstujgnseuc jc :1,3% Cbecricrk Ocbcrkf, cf 1;,?% Fgacbagkjk cb

Cbecricrék, y cf 0:,?% pnsorkjn Cspcagkfgstk y Ikcstrk(Zk`fk ;).

Cf 73,0% jcf pcrsnbkf rcanbnagñ quc su dnspgtkf cs

vufbcrk`fc k ecbñicbns bkturkfcs n kbtrnpnoçbgans quc

pucjkb naksgnbkr ub jcskstrc, prgbagpkficbtc fns ocnfñ-ogans anin fns sgsins. Cf 18% rcegrgñ quc su dnspgtkf cstëacrtgegakjn anin dnspgtkf scourn, cf 58% bn anbnac cf pfkb jc cicrocbagks jc su ërck dnspgtkfkrgk, cf 38.3 % jcf pcrsnbkf rcegcrc quc bn aucbtk anb ub anigtç jc cicrocb-agks cb aksn jc jcskstrc. Cf ?0.5 % jc fks cbecricrks bnanbnac anb afkrgjkj auëfcs scrékb fks icjgjks jc prcvcb-agñb kbtc ub jcskstrcs, cf ?5.7% rcanbnac fks rutks jc cvk-aukagñb y pubtns jc rcubgñb, cf 58% jc fks cbecricrksrcegcrc quc su dnspgtkf bn aucbtkb anb rkipks jc cicr-ocbagk pkrk cvkaukagñb jc pkagcbtcs.

Cb iktcrgk jc akpkagtkagñb, cf :1% dk rcag`gjn sn`rc prcvcbagñb y pfkb jc cicrocbagk (Egourk ;), cf :8.1% cb prcvcbagñb jc gbacbjgns, cf ;4% enrik pkrtc jc ubk `rg-okjk jc cicrocbagks y cf 18% jc fns pkrtgagpkbtcs dk rc-kfgzkjn sgiufkarns. Xnr tkbtn, cf 74% jcf pcrsnbkfanbsgjcrk quc cs bcacskrgk ubk akpkagtkagñb anbtgbuk cb prcvcbagñb jc jcskstrcs k bgvcf dnspgtkfkrgn.

Jgsausgñb

Jc kaucrjn Akipkûk Iubjgkf cb Fktgbnkiçrgak cb

0884-0887 pkrk fk Pcjuaagñb jc Jcskstrcs, cf pcrsnbkfquc trk`kmk cb fks gbstkfkagnbcs jc skfuj jc`c katukfgzkr anbstkbtcicbtc su anbnagigcbtn y jcstrczks sn`rc fk rc-juaagñb jcf rgcson y jc kicbkzks, pkrk ksé icmnrkr su pkpcf jc fgjcrkzon cb sgtukagnbcs jc cicrocbagk3, y Mgiç-bcz cb su cstujgn jc cbecricrék cb fk prcvcbagñb jc jc-skstrcs, rckfgzkjn cb cf 0883 cb Anstk Pgak cb cf QcournQnagkf;, jgac quc cb cf ërck jc fk skfuj, fns prnecsgnbkfcsjc`cb gbvnfuarkrsc katgvkicbtc cb fk prcvcbagñb y igtg-okagñb jc jcskstrcs.

Cb fk prcscbtc gbvcstgokagñb, sc cbanbtrkrnb jktnsjgstgbtns, fk akpkagtkagñb cb prcvcbagñb y igtgokagñb jcjcskstrcs bn cs anbtgbuk, sgb ci`kron anb fks bucvks fcycsy bnriks negagkfcs kprn`kjks cb Içxgan sc cspcrk quc sckub rcqugsgtn gbjgspcbsk`fc pkrk tnjns.

Qcoýb fk Bnrik Negagkf Icxgakbk 8;5-QQK1-08;0,sc cstk`fcac fks akrkatcréstgaks iébgiks jc gberkcstruaturky cqugpkigcbtn jc dnspgtkfcs scourns:, quc anbtrg`uyc krcjuagr fk vufbcrk`gfgjkj y k okrkbtgzkr cf eubagnbkigcbtngbgbtcrruipgjn, jurkbtc y jcspuçs jc kfoýb jcskstrc.Znjns fns dnspgtkfcs jc`crëb anbtkr anb ikbukfcs jc prn-acjgigcbtns y jc nrokbgzkagñb cspcaéegans pkrk su ik-bcmn.

Cb fk prcscbtc gbvcstgokagñb sc cbanbtrkrnb rcsuftkjnsjgecrcbtcs, ub kftn pnracbtkmc jcf pcrsnbkf rcegcrc quc bnanbnac cf pfkb jc cicrocbagk y iës jc fk igtkj bn aucb-



;?

;?

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= ;:-;?Oñicz Nrtcok, I, Jgiks Kftkigrkbn, @, Qëbadcz Krgks, K OCbecricrék cb fk prcvcbagñb jc jcskstrcs k bgvcf dnspgtkfkrgn

tkb anb ub anigtç jc cicrocbagks, pnr tkbtn bn sc jk aui- pfgigcbtn k fk bnrik y bn angbagjc anb fgbckigcbtns jcfns dnspgtkfcs acrtgegakjns anin scourns.

Cb cstc cstujgn fk ýbgak fgigtkagñb euc quc cs tcikbucvn pkrk cf pcrsnbkf jc cbecricrék, bn sc dkb rckfgzkjncstujgns cstkjéstgans jc cstc tcik cb Içxgan, bg cb ntrns pkéscs, sgb ci`kron anin cbecricrks augjkjnrcs jc fkskfuj, sc jc`c jc ocstgnbkr icjgjks urocbtcs cb fk igtg-okagñb jc jcskstrcs dnspgtkfkrgns, gbgagkbjn pnr fk akpk-agtkagñb.

@g`fgnorkeék

;. Mgiçbcz, ‖Cbecricrék cb fk prcvcbagñb y igtgokagñb jcjcskstrcs k bgvcf dnspgtkfkrgn’. \Cb FébckY, Anstk Pgak,jgspnbg`fc cb= dttp=//www.`gbksss.sk.ar/rcvgstks/cbecric-rgk/v18b;/krt5.pje ecadk jc kaacsn= Ec`rcrn 08;:.

0. Fcy Ocbcrkf jc Xrntcaagñb Agvgf. 08;0. ‖Jgspnsgagnbcsocbcrkfcs’. \Cb FébckY, Içxgan, jgspnbg`fc cb=dttp=//www.jgputkjns.on`.ix/Fcycs@g`fgn/pje/FOXA.pje ecadk jc kaacsn= Ec`rcrn 08;:.

1. Cf Jgkrgn Inadgs, ;7 jc scptgci`rc jc ;743, ub kikronrcaucrjn, Cf jgkrgn, \Cb FébckY, Içxgan, jgspnbg`fc cb=dttp=//www.cfjgkrgnjcsgbkfnk.ani/invgf/pu`fgakagnb.pdp>gj9;;84;4 ecadk jc kaacsn= Cbcrn 08;:.

:. Bnrik Negagkf Icxgakbk BNI-8;5-QQK1-08;0. [uccstk`fcac fks akrkatcréstgaks iébgiks jc gberkcstruaturk ycqugpkigcbtn jc dnspgtkfcs y anbsuftnrgn jc ktcbagñb iç-jgak cspcagkfgzkjk. \Cb FébckY, Içxgan, jgspnbg`fc cb=dttp=//www.ynu`fgsdcr.ani/p/30:;17-BNI-8;5-QQK1-08;0.

3. Nrokbgzkagñb Iubjgkf jc fk Qkfuj. ‖Dnspgtkfcs scournsercbtc k fns jcskstrcs’, \Cb FébckY, Bkagnbcs ubgjks, jgspnbg`fc cb= dttp=//www.scfk.nro/kttkad/034/jcekuft/Xrc-scbtkagnb^CGPJPgakrjn^Icbk.pje ecadk jc kaacsn=Cbcrn 08;:

5. Nrokbgzkagñb Xkbkicrgakbk jc fk Qkfuj. ‖Eubjkicbtns pkrk fk igtgokagñb jc jcskstrcs cb cstk`fcagigcbtns jcskfuj’. \Cb FébckY, _ksdgbotnb, jgspnbg`fc cb=dttps=//www.onnofc.ani.ix/>ows^rj9ar&cg90ZZ:StiM

XGbn0[Tr0:CG#q9eubjkicbtns+pkrk+fk+igtgokag%A1%@1b+jc+jcskstrcs+cb+cstk`fcagigcbtns+jc+skfuj ecadkjc kaacsn= Ec`rcrn 08;:.

?. Pnjréoucz @. Xrnacsn Cbecricrn Kpfgakagñb Katukf.,Oukjkfkmkrk Içxgan. Cjgtnrgkf Aucffkr 0885= 08.



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Gbtrnjuaagñb

Cf Kicrgakb Anffcoc ne N`stctrgagkbs kbj Oybcanfn-ogsts (KANO); rcanigcbjk fk prëatgak jcf cmcragagn eésgankcrñ`gan jurkbtc cf ci`krkzn, kubquc kjvgcrtc jcf jkûnquc pnjrékb akuskr katgvgjkj jcsjc kftn gipkatn.

Cb ;77:, y jkjk fk kftk gbafusgñb jc fk iumcr cb tnjksfks csecrks snagkfcs y cb cf jcpnrtc0, cf KANO rcvgsñ su pnsgagnbkigcbtn y kjnptñ cbenqucs icbns anbscrvkjnrcs,sgciprc quc fk ci`krkzkjk cstuvgcrk skbk y bn surogcrkbanipfgakagnbcs cb cf trkbsaursn jcf ci`krkzn. Qc dkaukbtgegakjn quc ubk orkb akbtgjkj jc iumcrcs jcsanbn-acb fk gbenrikagñb `ësgak rcecrcbtc k fk rcfkagñb cbtrccmcragagn eésgan y ci`krkzn y, jcsorkagkjkicbtc, ub orkbbýicrn jc ogbcañfnons y n`stctrks bn rcanigcbjkb fk rc-kfgzkagñb jc cmcragagn eésgan. Ksgigsin, aukbjn rcanigcb-jkb su prëatgak, prcsarg`cb cbtrcbkigcbtns iësanbscrvkjnrcs quc fns cstk`fcagjns pnr cf KANO.

Qnb `gcb anbnagjns fns `cbcegagns quc cf cmcragagn eé-sgan tgcbc sn`rc fk skfuj1, kubquc bn sc aucbtk anb fk

igsik gbenrikagñb aukbjn sc jcskrrnffk jurkbtc cf ci- `krkzn. K pcskr jc quc cxgstc agcrtk anbtrnvcrsgk cbtrc fnsgbvcstgokjnrcs, fns cstujgns vkb prnpnragnbkbjn cvgjcb-agks k acrak jc fns csaksns rgcsons pkrk fk skfuj iktcrbn-ectkf:.

Cf ci`krkzn y fk fkatkbagk, skfvn anbtkjks cxacpagn-bcs, snb tntkficbtc anipktg`fcs anb cf trk`kmn. Kubqucanbffcvkb buicrnsns aki`gns eésgans, psganfñogans y sn-agkfcs, sucfcb jgsaurrgr jc ikbcrk bkturkf, sgb infcstgks ninfcstgks iébgiks 3,5,4.

K fn fkron jc fns sgofns, fks anbsgjcrkagnbcs sn`rc fns

`cbcegagns n jkûns jcf cmcragagn jurkbtc cf ci`krkzn dkbgjn `kfkbacëbjnsc k ubn y ntrn fkjn sgipfcicbtc intg-vkjks pnr mugagns y n`scrvkagnbcs, y yk cb cf sgofn GGG k.A.,

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= ;4-08Kf`k Ikrtéb, Pf

Gipnrtkbagk jc fk katgvgjkj eésgak cb fk akfgjkj jc vgjk jc fks trk`kmkjnrks ci`krkzkjks

PCQSICB

Cstc cstujgn sc acbtrk cb fk ctkpk vgtkf jcf ci`krkzn,quc anin cs `gcb sk`gjn pfkbtck injgegakagnbcs cb cf cs-tgfn jc vgjk jc fk iumcr, prgbagpkficbtc k bgvcf fk`nrkf.

Pckfgzkbjn ubk rcvgsgñb `g`fgnorëegak sn`rc cstujgnskbtcrgnrcs cb jgecrcbtcs `kscs jc jktns jc agcbagks jc fkskfuj, bucstrn n`mctgvn prgbagpkf euc anbnacr fk gbefucbagkjc fk prëatgak jc cmcragagn eésgan y su prcsargpagñb jurkbtccf pcrénjn ocstkagnbkf anin pkrtc jc ubk cjuakagñb skbg-tkrgk jc akfgjkj.

Anin rcsuftkjns jcstkak`fcs, anbstktkins fns cbc-egagns jc fk prëatgak jcf igsin k aukfqugcr cjkj cb ocbcrkfy, cb pkrtgaufkr, cb cstc pcrénjn jc ocstkagñb.Ksgigsin, pfkbtckins ubks rcanicbjkagnbcs pkrk fk prëatgak jc cmcragagn cb fk trk`kmkjnrk ci`krkzkjk.Xkfk`rks afkvc= Cmcragagn eésgan. Xrcvcbagñb. Cjuakagñbskbgtkrgk. Ocstkagñb. Zrk`kmkjnrks.

K@QZPKAZ

Zdgs stujy tcff k`nut vgtkf prcobkbay tdkt, ks cvcry- `njy lbnw, gt pnsc adkbocs gb wnikb fgecstyfc, ikgbfykt wnrl fcvcf.

Xcrenrigbo k fgtcrkturc rcvgcw k`nut cenrc stujgcs gbscvcrkf jktk`kscs ne dckftd sagcbacs, nur ikgb n`mctgvcwks lbnwgbo gbefucbac ne tdc prkatgac ne cxcragsc kbj gt prcsargptgnb gb ocstktgnb ks qukfgty dckftd cjuaktgnb.

Ks rcikrlk`fc rcsufts, wc anbegricj tdc `cbcegts ne prkatgsc cxcragsc kt kby koc kbj, pkrtgaufkrfy gb tdgs pcrgnjne prcobkbay. Kfsn, wc pfkbbcj snic rcaniicbjktgnbs

tn prkatgsc cxcragsc jurgbo gt.Lcywnrjs= Xdysgakf cxcragsc. Xrcvcbtgnb. Dckftd cju-aktgnb. Ocstktgnb. _nrlcrs.

Krtéaufn jc rcvgsgñb

Gipnrtkbagk jc fk katgvgjkj eésgak cb fk akfgjkjjc vgjk jc fks trk`kmkjnrks ci`krkzkjks

Kutnrcs

Kf`k Ikrtéb, PfJgpfnikjk Sbgvcrsgtkrgk jc Cbecricrék

Iëstcr cb Xrcvcbagñb jc Pgcsons Fk`nrkfcs

Zrkzk`gfgjkj cjgtnrgkfPcacpagñb= 8:-80-08;:Pcvgsgñb pnr pkrcs= ;4-80-08;:Kacptkagñb egbkf= 0:-81-08;:

AnrrcspnbjcbagkPkqucf Kf`k Ikrtéb

rkqucfkf`kikrtgbHsktsc.cs



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Krgstñtcfcs ktrg`uyñ pkrtns jgeéagfcs k cstgfn jc vgjk scjcb-tkrgn. K egbkfcs jcf sgofn TGT= ub prgicr cstujgn agcbtéegan

sn`rc cmcragagn jurkbtc cf ci`krkzn anbegrik`k fk gjckgbgagkf jc Krgstñtcfcs.Cf n`mctgvn jcf prcscbtc cstujgn cs anbnacr fk gbefucb-

agk jc fk prëatgak jc cmcragagn eésgan y su prcsargpagñb ju-rkbtc cf pcrénjn ocstkagnbkf anin pkrtc jc ubk cjuakagñbskbgtkrgk jc akfgjkj.

Jcskrrnffn jcf tcik

Orkagks k fns kvkbacs cb gbvcstgokagñb, katukficbtcfns prnecsgnbkfcs jc fk skfuj anbnacins fns `cbcegagns jcfcmcragagn eésgan y su gipnrtkbagk cb fk prcvcbagñb jc pk-tnfnoéks quc dny jék rcvgstcb suik gipnrtkbagk.

Qc rckfgzk ubk rcvgsgñb `g`fgnorëegak cb fks `kscs jcjktns jc agcbagks jc fk skfuj= Xu`icj, Anadrkbc y Aug-jcb.

Cf trk`kmn sc cstruaturk cb trcs pkrtcs. Fk prgicrk, an-rrcspnbjc k fns `cbcegagns y fks rkznbcs iës jcstkakjkscb fks rcvgsgnbcs rckfgzkjks, quc mustgegakb fk rckfgzkagñbn bn jcf igsin. Fk scoubjk, gbafuyc ubk jgsausgñb pkrkdkacr vgsg`fc fks rcanicbjkagnbcs iës gipnrtkbtcs cfc-ogjks k tkf egb. Xnr ýftgin, sc rcanocb fns rcsuftkjns n`tc-bgjns dkstk cf inicbtn y fks anbafusgnbcs quc sc

jcsprcbjcb jc cstk cxpcrgcbagk.

@cbcegagns

Xkrk fk IKJPC=

;. Icmnrk fk eubagñb akrjgnvksaufkr.0. Icmnrk fk eubagñb iusaufkr, ikynr fkxgtuj krtgaufkr,cvgtk ektgok cb fks katgvgjkjcs jc fk vgjk jgkrgk.1. Anrrcaagñb pnsturkf.:. Cvgtk cf gbarcicbtn cxacsgvn jc pcsn.

3. Jgsigbuyc infcstgks jgocstgvks y cstrcûgigcbtn.5. Kuicbtk fk kutncstgik rcjuagcbjn fk kbsgcjkj, fk jc- prcsgñb y cf gbsnibgn.?. Icmnrk fk ZK y fk icaëbgak rcspgrktnrgk y prntcoc fkjgk`ctcs ocstkagnbkf.4. Xcrgnjn jc jgfktkagñb iës anrtn y jgsigbuyc fk gbag-jcbagk jc pkrtns gbstruicbtkfcs.7. Zc prcpkrk pkrk cf pkrtn.;8. Pëpgjk rcaupcrkagñb pnstpkrtn.

Xkrk cf ECZN=

;. Ikynr vnfuicb pfkacbtkrgn.0. Gbarcicbtk fk ercaucbagk akrjgkak ectkf (EAE) sgb ceca-tns pcrmujgagkfcs.

1. Pcagçb bkagjn anb icmnr rcspucstk kbtc cstéiufns ki- `gcbtkfcs.

k) ANBQGJCPKAGNBCQ XPCUGKQ k fk rckfgzkagñbjc cmcragagn=

-N`tcbcr cf Xcrigsn içjgan.-Ocstkagñb jc `kmn rgcson.-Zgpn jc iumcr ci`krkzkjk (scjcbtkrgk, katgvgjkj fk`nrkfquc jcscipcûk).-Jgscûn jcf prnorkik jc cmcragagn eésgan gbjgvgjukfgzkjn.-Xrcstkr ktcbagñb k fks scûkfcs jc kfkrik.

`) QCÛKFCQ JC KFKPIK [SC N@FGOKB K JC-

ZCBCP CF CMCPAGAGN

-Qkborkjn vkogbkf.-Jgsbck.-Ikrcn, vçrtgon, acekfck.-Kftcrkagnbcs jc fk vgsgñb.-Jnfnr prcanrjgkf y k`jnigbkf.-Jc`gfgjkj iusaufkr.-Cjciks ocbcrkfgzkjns, efc`gtgs.-Anbtrkaagnbcs pcrsgstcbtcs.-Csaksn kuicbtn jc pcsn (‷;Lo/ics ýftgins 0 icscs).

-Jcsacbsn jcf invgigcbtn ectkf.-Euoks féqugjn kibgñtgan.

a) ANBZPKGBJGAKAGNBCQ K@QNFSZKQ

-Akrjgnpktéks (DZK).-Zrni`nefc`gtgs.-Ci`nfgsin pufinbkr rcagcbtc.-Cbecricjkj gbecaagnsk koujk.-Gbanipctcbagk acrvgakf.-Ci`krkzn iýftgpfc.

-Dcinrrkogk ocbgtkf.-PXI.-AGP.-Ikarnsniék ectkf.-Gsngbiubgzkagñb.-Xfkacbtk prcvgk.-Kuscbagk jc anbtrnf prcbktkf.-Quergigcbtn ectkf.-KXX.

Jgsausgñb

Fks rcanicbjkagnbcs pkrk fk prëatgak jc cmcragagn jurkbtcfk ocstkagñb gbafuycb5=;. Ugogfkr fk rcspgrkagñb y ikbtcbcr cf dk`fk sgb jgegauftkj

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= ;4-08Kf`k Ikrtéb, PfGipnrtkbagk jc fk katgvgjkj eésgak cb fk akfgjkj jc vgjk jc fks trk`kmkjnrks ci`krkzkjks



08

08

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= ;4-08Kf`k Ikrtéb, Pf

Gipnrtkbagk jc fk katgvgjkj eésgak cb fk akfgjkj jc vgjk jc fks trk`kmkjnrks ci`krkzkjks

igcbtrks dkac cmcragagn (Zcst jcf dk`fk).0. Cvgtkr cmcragagns quc pucjk naksgnbkr trkuik k`jnig-bkf, skftns, ikbgn`rks jc Ukfskfvk, krquckr fk cspkfjk, k`-jnigbkfcs, ksé anin, katgvgjkjcs quc rcqugcrkb cqugfg`rgny annrjgbkagñb prcagsk y aki`gns `rusans jc pnsgagñb(ikrcns y akéjks).1. Cvgtkr fk cspgrkagñb enrzkjk quc rcjuacb fk nxgocbkagñbectkf.:. Pcanicbjkr bn cstkr kanstkjk iuadn tgcipn cb jcaý- `gtn-supgbn pkrk cvgtkr fk n`struaagñb jc fk vcbk akvk gb-ecrgnr.3. Kanbscmkr rcanstkrsc sn`rc cf fkjn gzqugcrjn pkrk ok-rkbtgzkr ubk `ucbk nxgocbkagñb jcf `c`ç.

5. Pcjuagr cf bgvcf jc cmcragagn k icjgjk quc prnorcsc suci`krkzn.?. Cf cmcragagn dk jc rckfgzkrsc jc enrik rcoufkr (1-: sc-sgnbcs jc 08-18 igbutns pnr scikbk)4. Qc jc`c cvgtkr rckfgzkr cmcragagn eésgan k gbtcbsgjkjcscfcvkjks n cb cf ëi`gtn anipctgtgvn ksé anin fns kuicb-tns `rusans jc katgvgjkj eésgak.7. Qg sc rckfgzk cmcragagn kfon gbtcbsn, bn sc jc`c prnfnbokr jurkbtc iës jc ;3 igbutns bg prkatgakrfn cb afgik akfu-rnsn y dýicjn pnr cf rgcson jc jcsdgjrktkagñb c dgpcrtcr-igk (kuicbtn jc fk tcipcrkturk).

;8. Dky quc rckfgzkr akfcbtkigcbtn prcvgn y rcfkmkagñb pnstcrgnr.;;. Dky quc fgigtkr fns invgigcbtns jc orkb kipfgtuj pnr fk dgpcrfkxgtuj krtgaufkr cxgstcbtc cb fk ocstkagñb.

Anbafusgnbcs

Anb cstk rcvgsgñb sc prctcbjc fk rcjuaagñb jcf rgcsonjc anipfgakagnbcs ksnagkjks kf ci`krkzn orkagks kf cmcr-agagn eésgan.

Cf Anfcogn Kicrgakbn jc Icjgagbk jcf Jcpnrtc rcan-

bnac quc cf ci`krkzn pucjc scr ub cstéiufn pnjcrnsn pkrk intgvkr k ubk iumcr scjcbtkrgk k kjnptkr dë`gtns jcvgjk skfujk`fcs.

Cf cecatn `cbcegagnsn jcf cmcragagn eésgan jurkbtc cfci`krkzn jcpcbjc jcf tgpn, gbtcbsgjkj, ercaucbagk y ju-rkagñb jc fk katgvgjkj jcpnrtgvk quc sc prkatgak. Bn n`s-tkbtc, pkrcac quc fks rcanicbjkagnbcs iébgiks bn snb `gcb anbnagjks cbtrc fks iumcrcs ci`krkzkjks.

Dkagcbjn rcecrcbagk k fns Xrntnanfns jc QCON?=Fk prcsargpagñb jc cmcragagn eésgan jc`crë scr gbjgvgjukfg-zkjk y snictgjk k anbtrnfcs içjgans rcoufkrcs.K ikynr gbtcbsgjkj y jurkagñb jcf cmcragagn iktcrbn,cxgstgrë ikynr rgcson pntcbagkf jc quc naurrkb cecatns jk-ûgbns sn`rc cf ectn.

Cb iumcrcs scjcbtkrgks n quc prkatgakb cmcragagn eésgan

naksgnbkf, bn cs cf inicbtn iës gjñbcn pkrk enicbtkr bucvks prëatgaks jcpnrtgvks. Qc kanbscmkrë fk gbanrpnrk-

agñb k ub prnorkik cspcaéegan jc prcpkrkagñb kf pkrtn.Zrks cf pcrigsn içjgan, fk ocstkbtc quc eucrk prcvgkicbtckatgvk pnjrë ikbtcbcr sgb iuadns aki`gns su prnorkikjc cmcragagn eésgan.

Fks iumcrcs ktfctks quc aurscb su ci`krkzn sgb anipfgakagnbcs pnjrëb ikbtcbcr cb orkb icjgjk su prnorkikjc cbtrcbkigcbtn, sgciprc y aukbjn cxgstk ubk inbgtnrg-zkagñb pcrgñjgak.

@g`fgnorkeék

;. KANO (Mkbukry 0880). Kicrgakb Anffcoc ne N`stctrg-agkbs kbj Oybcanfnogsts. Cxcragsc jurgbo prcobkbay kbjtdc pnstpkrtui pcrgnj . Aniigttcc Npgbgnb B½ 05?. _ks-dgbotnb, JA. N`stctrga- Oybcanfnogakf< 77=;?;-1.0. E. Iktk ct kf. / Pcvgstk Kbjkfuzk Icjgagbk jcf Jcpnrtc.08;8< 1(0)=54-?7.1. @krklkt Akr`kffn P. ct kf. Cmcragagn eésgan y fns rcsuftk-jns jcf ci`krkzn. Xrnorkik N`stçtrgan. Ogbcanfñogan.0885< :7(;;)=518-4.:. @krklkt Akr`kffn P, ct kf. Cmcragagn eésgan jurkbtc cfci`krkzn y su rcfkagñb anb fns tgcipns jc fks ctkpks jcf

pkrtn. Xrnorkik N`stçtrgan Ogbcanfñogan. 0883< :4(0)=5;-4.3. GBQDZ. Jgrcatrgacs pkrk fk cvkfukagñb jc rgcsons y prn-tcaagñb jc fk iktcrbgjkj cb cf trk`kmn GBQDZ. Ikjrgj.5. GBQDZ. Bntks Zçabgaks jc Xrcvcbagñb rcfkagnbkjks anbfk prninagñb jc fk skfuj cb cf trk`kmn= BZX 7;:= Ci`k-rkzn, fkatkbagk y trk`kmn= prninagñb jc fk skfuj.?. Xrntnanfns jc QCON. Icracjcs Ikrtébcz @cbkvgjcs.Ekauftktgvn cspcagkfgstk jc Ërck jc N`stctrgagk y Ogbcan-fnoék. Dnspgtkf Sbgvcrsgtkrgn Ugrocb Ikakrcbk jc Qcvgffk.08;8.

4. Xrntnanfns jc QCON= Ouék prëatgak jc urocbagks cbn`stctrgagk y ogbcanfnoék. Ikjrgj. 0884.7. Fcy 1;/73, jc 4 bnvgci`rc, jc Xrcvcbagñb jc PgcsonsFk`nrkfcs. Krtéaufn 05= Jcrcadn k fk prntcaagñb jc fk ik-tcrbgjkj.;8. P.J.047/0887, jc 5 ikrzn, injgegakjn pnr P.J.17/7?= kpfgakagñb jc icjgjks pkrk prninvcr fk scourgjkjjc fk trk`kmkjnrk ci`krkzkjk.;;. PJ :45/7? sn`rc jgspnsgagnbcs iébgiks jc scourgjkjy jc skfuj cb fns fuokrcs jc trk`kmn.;0. NGZ. Krtéaufn ;33= Qcourgjkj y skfuj jc fns trk`kmk-jnrcs cb cf icjgn ki`gcbtc jc trk`kmn.



0;

0;

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 0;-0?PcjkaagñbBkbntcabnfnoék, bkbnpkrtéaufks y tnxgagjkj

Enrikagñb anbtgbukjk

Bkbntcabnfnoék, bkbnpkrtéaufks y tnxgagjkjKutnrcs

Pcjkaagñb

Gbtrnjuaagñb

Cb ;737 cf eésgan Pgadkrj Ecybkib jcafkrñ quc fks

fcycs jc fk eésgak pcrigtékb fk ikbgpufkagñb y cf anbtrnfjc fk pnsgagñb jc ëtnins y infçaufks jc ikbcrk gbjgvg-jukf, sgigfkr k fns `fnqucs jc anbstruaagñb jc tgpn Fcon,y quc cstk pnsg`gfgjkj k`rék fk pucrtk k ub bucvn iubjn‖gbegbgtkicbtc pcqucûn’ jcbnigbkjn iës tkrjc bkbn-iubjn n bkbnagcbagk.K anbtgbukagñb sc cxpnbcb ubk scrgc jc anbacptns jc gb-tcrçs=

Bkbntcabnfnoék= anbsgstc cb cf jgscûn, akrkatcrgzkagñb, prnjuaagñb y kpfgakagñb jc cstruaturks, jgspnsgtgvns y sgs-

tciks icjgkbtc cf anbtrnf jcf tkikûn y fk enrik k ubk cs-akfk bkbniçtrgak (;8-7 ictrns).Bkbñictrn= ubgjkj jc fnbogtuj cqugvkfcbtc k ubk igffn-bçsgik jc igféictrn (;8-7 i). Qu séi`nfn cs bi.

Egourk ;. Gikocb jc ub ak`cffn duikbn vgstk kf ig-arnsanpgn. Qu jgëictrn cs jc 48.888 bi

Bkbnagcbagk= cs cf cstujgn jc fns ecbñicbns y fk ikbg- pufkagnb jc iktcrgkfcs k csakfk ktñigak, infcaufkr y ik-arninfcaufkr.Bkbncsakfk= tcbcr ubk n iës jgicbsgnbcs jcf nrjcb jc;88 bi n icbns.Bkbnpkrtéaufk= pkrtéaufks anb ubk n iës jgicbsgnbcsjcf nrjcb jc ;88 bi n icbns.

Bkbniktcrgkfcs= iktcrgkf anb ubk n iës jgicbsgnbcs cx-tcrbks n ubk cstruaturk gbtcrbk k bkbncsakfk.Bkbncstruaturk= cstruaturk anb ubk n iës jgicbsgnbcscb fk bkbncsakfk.

Bkbnanipucstns= anipucstns cb fns quc kf icbns ubk

jc fks ekscs tgcbc ubk jgicbsgñb jc fk bkbncsakfk.

Egourk 0. Csakfk bkbniçtrgak

Cb cf iubjn bkturkf dky iuadns cmcipfns jc cstrua-turks quc cxgstcb anb fks jgicbsgnbcs jcf bkbñictrn,anin snb fks infçaufks cscbagkfcs jcf aucrpn duikbn(KJB, prntcébks, ensenfépgjns, fépgjns, açfufks, cta.), fnsanipnbcbtcs jc fns kfgicbtns, vgrus, cta., kubquc sñfnjcsjc cstc ýftgin aukrtn jc sgofn dk sgjn pnsg`fc, jc ik-bcrk jcfg`crkjk, injgegakr fks infçaufks y cstruaturks

jcbtrn jc cstc rkbon jc tkikûn.Qcoýb cf nrgocb jc fks bkbnpkrtéaufks, çstks pucjcbafksgegakrsc cb=

;. Bkbnpkrtéaufks jc nrgocb bkturkf. Kfoubks snb jcnrgocb `gnfñogan anin vgrus, `katcrgks, cta., y ntrks snbjc nrgocb igbcrkf n icjgnki`gcbtkf anin cf pnfvn jc fkkrcbk jcf jcsgcrtn, bgc`fks y duins jcrgvkjns jc fk katg-vgjkj vnfaëbgak n jc fns eucons enrcstkfcs, cta.0. Bkbnpkrtéaufks ocbcrkjks pnr fk katgvgjkj duikbk.Xucjcb scr ocbcrkjks jc jns enriks=

k) Jc ikbcrk gbvnfubtkrgk= kqucffks prnjuagjks cb agcrtns prnacsns gbjustrgkfcs anin pnr cmcipfn pgrnfgsgs, ani- `ustgñb jc jgcscf n akr`ñb, n`tcbagñb jc pgoicbtns, fg`c-



00

00

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 0;-0?Pcjkaagñb

Bkbntcabnfnoék, bkbnpkrtéaufks y tnxgagjkj

rkjks cb `kr`kanks n pnr cf akfcbtkigcbtn jc kacgtcs, cta.

`) Jc ikbcrk jcfg`crkjk= k trkvçs jc fks ffkikjks bkbn-tcabnfnoéks. Qnb cmcipfns jc cffks fks bkbnpkrtgaufks jc-rgvkjks jc fk kragffk pkrk rcenrzkr y kuicbtkr fk rcsgstcbagkjcf pfëstgan, fks utgfgzkjks cb fk ek`rgakagñb jc rcsgbks pkrkkak`kjns jcf cxtcrgnr jc vcdéaufns, y fks quc injgegakb prnpgcjkjcs ñptgaks jc kfoubns iktcrgkfcs quc sc utgfgzkbcb ansiçtgak.

Afksgegakagñb

Cb eubagñb jcf býicrn jc jgicbsgnbcs k csakfk bkbn-

içtrgak, fns bkbniktcrgkfcs sc pucjcb afksgegakr cb=n Zrcs jgicbsgnbcs k csakfk bkbniçtrgak= bkbnargstkfcs,euffcrcbns y pubtns auëbtgans.n Jns jgicbsgnbcs k csakfk bkbniçtrgak= bkbntu`ns y fnsbkbndgfns.n Sbk jgicbsgñb k csakfk bkbniçtrgak= cstruaturks quc scutgfgzkb cb fns rcau`rgigcbtns jc supcregagcs n pcféaufksegbks cb fns quc sñfn su ornsnr cs jc nrjcb bkbniçtrgan.

EuffcrcbnsQnb cstruaturks acrrkjks enrikjks pnr ëtnins jc akr-

`nbn jgspucstns cb enrik jc pcbtëonbns y dcxëonbns kinjn jc ‖bkbn`kfnbcs’ jc eut`nf. Cbtrc sus prnpgcjkjcseésgaks jcstkak quc snb akpkacs jc rcsgstgr prcsgnbcs cx-trciks y rcaupcrkr su enrik nrgogbkf aukbjn acsk fk prc-sgñb. Qc uskb anin fu`rgakbtcs, aktkfgzkjnrcs,sciganbjuatnrcs, gbjustrgk ekrikanfñogak, cta.

Xubtns auëbtgansQnb ub anbmubtn jc iktcrgkfcs cbtrc fns 0 k ;8 bi,

quc pucjcb cstkr anipucstns jc ictkfcs, ñxgjns ictëfg-ans n iktcrgkfcs sciganbjuatnrcs, quc nercacb prnpgcjk-jcs cfcatrñbgaks, ñptgaks, ikobçtgaks y aktkfétgaks. Sbk

akrkatcréstgak prgbagpkf jc fns pubtns auëbtgans cs fk akpkagjkj quc tgcbcb pkrk jkr fuokr k jgecrcbtcs anfnrcs jcfuz, fns aukfcs sc fnorkb injgegakbjn cf tkikûn jc fns bk-bnargstkfcs gbjgvgjukfcs. Cstk prnpgcjkj pcrigtc quc scutgfgacb cb tçabgaks pkrk cf ikrakjn efunrcsacbtc cb kpfg-akagnbcs `gniçjgaks.

Bkbntu`ns jc akr`nbnXucjcb jcsarg`grsc anin ub tu`n auyk pkrcj cs ubk

ikffk jc koumcrns dcxkonbkfcs. Qnb iuy jcstkak`fcs sus prnpgcjkjcs cfçatrgaks y icaëbgaks. Qnb orkbjcs supcr-

anbjuatnrcs, akpkacs jc rcsgstgr cf pksn jc anrrgcbtcs cfc-vkjésgiks, jc jcbsgjkjcs jc anrrgcbtc jc dkstk igfigffnbcs jc kipcrgns pnr ictrn aukjrkjn, y, pnr ntrk pkrtc

su rcsgstcbagk icaëbgak, cs scscbtk vcacs supcrgnr kf

kacrn< k su vcz snb fgocrns y efcxg`fcs, yk quc su pcsn cs- pcaéegan cs iës jc scgs vcacs gbecrgnr k fk jc fns icbagn-bkjns kacrns. Zki`gçb cs jc jcstkakr fk cstk`gfgjkj jc sus prnpgcjkjcs tçrigaks y quéigaks.

Fns bkbntu`ns enrikb pkrtc jc fks pkbtkffks jc tcfc-vgsgñb sustgtuycbjn k fks katukfcs jc FAJ, jkbjn fuokr kicmnrcs rcsnfuagnbcs y akfgjkj jc gikocb, `ksëbjnsc cbfk prnpgcjkj jc fns bkbntu`ns jc cigtgr fuz.

BkbndgfnsQnb tki`gçb cstruaturks kfkrokjks quc jcstkakb pnr

sus prnpgcjkjcs anin anbjuatnrcs n sciganbjuatnrcs. Qcdkb n`tcbgjn jc jgvcrsns iktcrgkfcs anin sgféagn, an`kftn,nrn y an`rc. Qus kpfgakagnbcs iës gipnrtkbtcs pcrtcbcacbkf akipn jc fk bkbncfcatrñbgak.

OrkecbnCb cf orkecbn fns ëtnins jc akr`nbn sc ubcb cb fëig-

bks pfkbks jc ub ëtnin jc cspcsnr, enrikbjn ub pkbcf jck`cmks dcxkonbkf (anb ub ëtnin cb akjk vçrtgac).Cf orkecbn cs ub sciganbjuatnr quc pucjc npcrkr k csakfkbkbniçtrgak y k tcipcrkturk ki`gcbtc, anb prnpgcjkjcsquc bgboýb ntrn sciganbjuatnr nercac.

Bkbncspuiks jc akr`nbnQnb cstruaturks sñfgjks enrikjks pnr orupns jc ëtnins

jc akr`nbn, auyn tkikûn bn cxacjc fns ;8 bi, fgokjnscbtrc cffns jc ikbcrk kfcktnrgk rcsuftkbjn ub anbofnic-rkjn fgocrn y cspnbmnsn, cbtrc auyks akrkatcréstgaks jcs-tkak fk jc tcbcr prnpgcjkjcs ikobçtgaks tcipnrkfcs.

Kpfgakagnbcs y usns jc fk bkbntcabnfnoék

Fks bkbnpkrtéaufks pucjcb anbtrg`ugr k fk n`tcbagñb

jc supcregagcs y sgstciks iës eucrtcs, iës fgocrns, iësfgipgns y iës ‖gbtcfgocbtcs’. Qc gbjgakb kfoubn jc fnsscatnrcs gbvnfuarkjns cb fk ek`rgakagñb y usn jc fks bkbn- pkrtéaufks, bkbntu`ns, bkbnanipucstns, cta., y pnr fntkbtn, jnbjc fns trk`kmkjnrcs pnjrékb cstkr cxpucstns k bk-bnpkrtéaufks.



0: Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 0;-0?Pcjkaagñb


0:

Pgcson jc cxpnsgagñb k bkbnpkrtéaufksDky jns tgpns jc cxpnsgagnbcs naupkagnbkfcs=

k) Xrnacsns auyn n`mctgvn bn cs fk prnjuaagñb jc bkbn-n`mctns bg fk kpfgakagñb jc çstns, pcrn jurkbtc jgadns prnacsnssc pucjcb ocbcrkr pkrtéaufks uftrkegbks (XSE). Fks XSE snb cigtgjks gbvnfubtkrgkicbtc cb kfoubns prnacsns gbjus-trgkfcs, cspcagkficbtc jurkbtc fns prnacsns icaëbgans y tçrigans n jurkbtc fk ani`ustgñb.

Zk`fk 0. Eucbtcs jc cigsgñb scaubjkrgk jc XSE

`) Fk cxpnsgagñb jurkbtc fk ek`rgakagñb y cf usn gbtcbagnbkf jc bkbn-n`mctns y bkbniktcrgkfcs= Bkbnpkrtéaufks ocbc-

rkjks jcfg`crkjkicbtc icjgkbtc fks bkbntcabnfnoéks. Cb cstc aksn fk cxpnsgagñb sc pucjc jkr cb tnjks fks ctkpks jc prnjuaagñb. Jcsjc fk rcacpagñb y kfikacbkigcbtn jc iktcrgks prgiks dkstk cf cbvkskjn y trkbspnrtc jc prnjuatnstcrigbkjns.

Zk`fk 1. Eucbtcs jc cxpnsgagñb naupkagnbkf k bkbniktcrgkfcs



03Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 0;-0?PcjkaagñbBkbntcabnfnoék, bkbnpkrtéaufks y tnxgagjkj

03

Znxgagjkj jc fk bkbnpkrtéaufksFks prnpgcjkjcs jc fns bkbniktcrgkfcs, tkfcs anin cf ërck jc fk supcregagc, anipnsgagñb quéigak, tkikûn, enrik

n akrok, tgcbcb ubk gbefucbagk gipnrtkbtc cb sus prnpgcjkjcs tnxganfñogaks. Xnr tkbtn, cstns bkbniktcrgkfcs pucjcbscr goukf n iës pcrmujgagkfcs quc fks pkrtéaufks n eg`rks jc csakfk bn bkbniçtrgak jcf igsin iktcrgkf.

Fk vék cbtrkjk iës aniýb cs fk vék gbdkfktnrgk, cspcagkficbtc sg sc trktk jc ub iktcrgkf pnan snfu`fc, kubquc bndky quc jcsakrtkr fk jçrigak y fk gbocstgñb.

Uék gbdkfktnrgkFns bkbniktcrgkfcs gbdkfkjns, jcpcbjgcbjn jc su tkikûn, enrik y anipnsgagñb quéigak, snb akpkacs jc pcbctrkr

y jcpnsgtkrsc cb fns jgecrcbtcs anipkrtgicbtns jcf kpkrktn rcspgrktnrgn, cb fk rcogñb cxtrktnrëagak gbafuycbjn fk nak,ensks bkskfcs, fk fkrgboc y fk ekrgboc< fk rcogñb trkqucn`rnbqugkf< y fk rcogñb kfvcnfkr quc aniprcbjc fns `rnbqugnfnsy fns kfvçnfns.

Fks pkrtéaufks jc kfrcjcjnr jc 188 bi snb fks quc sc jcpnsgtkb icbns. K pkrtgr jc cstc vkfnr fk jcpnsgagñb arcacjc ikbcrk sgobgegaktgvk sgcbjn fk jgeusgñb cf ecbñicbn prcjnigbkbtc. Fks XSE supcrgnrcs k ;8 bi sc jcpnsgtkb ik-

ynrgtkrgkicbtc cb fk rcogñb kfvcnfkr y fks gbecrgnrcs k ;8 bi sc jcpnsgtkb prgbagpkficbtc cb fk rcogñb cxtrktnrëagak ycb ubk icbnr akbtgjkj cb fk rcogñb trkqucn`rnbqugkf.

Egourk 1. Erkaagnbcs jc cbtrkjk pnr vék gbdkfktnrgk jc fks bkbnpkrtéaufks

Uék jçrigak Bn sc dkb jcsargtn cecatns cspcaéegans pkrk fk skfuj rcfkagnbkjns anb fk cxpnsgagñb jçrigak k XSE, kubquc dky

cstujgns quc suogcrcb quc cstc tgpn jc pkrtéaufks pucjcb pcbctrkr k trkvçs jc fns enféaufns pgfnsns, jnbjc fns anbstg-tuycbtcs jc fks pkrtéaufks pucjcb jgsnfvcrsc cb anbjgagnbcs kaunsks y pcbctrkr k trkvçs jc fk pgcf. Xnr ntrn fkjn, dkyquc tcbcr cb aucbtk quc, jkjn quc fk pcbctrkagñb jgrcatk k trkvçs jc fk pgcf dk cstkjn jcsargtk pkrk pkrtéaufks anb ubjgëictrn jc ;888 bi (; ³i), cs rkznbk`fc pcbskr quc fks bkbnpkrtéaufks pcbctrkrëb anb ikynr ekagfgjkj.

Uék jgocstgvkZkipnan sc dkb jcsargtn cecatns cspcaéegans pkrk fk skfuj rcfkagnbkjns anb fk gbocstgñb jc bkbnpkrtéaufks jc`gjn

k ikfks prëatgaks dgogçbgaks jurkbtc cf ikbcmn jc bkbniktcrgkfcs n tki`gçb k trkvçs jc fk jcofuagñb jc fks rctcbgjkscb fks véks kftks jc sgstcik rcspgrktnrgn.

Cecatns pkrk fk skfujFns rgcsons pntcbagkfcs pkrk fk skfuj jc ubk sustkbagk cstëb ksnagkjns k fk ikobgtuj y jurkagñb jc fk cxpnsgagñb,



05 Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 0;-0?Pcjkaagñb


05

k fk pcrsgstcbagk jcf iktcrgkf cb cf nrokbgsin, k fk tnxgag-jkj gbtrébscak jcf iktcrgkf y k fk susacptg`gfgjkj n cstkjnjc skfuj jc fk pcrsnbk.

Jkjn quc fk bkbntcabnfnoék cs ub akipn cicrocbtc,cxgstc gbacrtgjui`rc sn`rc fns rgcsons jc fns bkbniktc-rgkfcs ikbuekaturkjns sn`rc fk skfuj jc fns trk`kmkjnrcs.Kubquc sc pnjrék gbjgakr cb tçrigbns ocbcrkfcs, y scoýbfns cstujgns cpgjcignfñogans, cb kbgikfcs y cb auftgvnsacfufkrcs rckfgzkjns quc fk cxpnsgagñb k bkbnpkrtéaufks scrcfkagnbk anb prnacsns n rcspucstks gbefkiktnrgks (quc cbkfoubns aksns pucjc scr ubk rcspucstk gbefkiktnrgk ocbc-rkfgzkjk, gbefkikagñb koujk, gbefkikagñb pufinbkr, cta.),enrikagñb jc cspcaéicbcs rckatgvns anb cf nxéocbn quc

pucjcb jkr fuokr k cstrçs nxgjktgvn acfufkr y jkûn tgsufkr.Znjn cffn pkrcac cstkr rcfkagnbkjn anb fk ikynr katgvgjkj `gnfñogak jc fks bkbnpkrtéaufks gbjuagjk pnr sus prnpgc-jkjcs n akrkatcréstgaks eésgaks y quéigaks= tkikûn, ërcksupcregagkf, snfu`gfgjkj, enrik, cstruaturk argstkfgbk, akrok,katgvgjkj aktkfétgak y quéigak.

Xnr cmcipfn, cstujgns cpgjcignfñogans rckfgzkjns cbtrk`kmkjnrcs cxpucstns k kcrnsnfcs, gbafuycbjn pkrtéaufksegbks y bkbnpkrtéaufks, iucstrkb jgsigbuagñb jc fk eub-agñb pufinbkr, sébtniks rcspgrktnrgns kjvcrsns, cbecric-jkj pufinbkr n`struatgvk arñbgak y eg`rnsgs.

Ntrns cstujgns cb kbgikfcs y cb auftgvns acfufkrcs ik-bgegcstkb quc fns bkbntu`ns jc akr`nbn jc pkrcj scbagffk prnjuacb cecatns kjvcrsns anin gbefkikagñb koujk, gbg-agn prcanz y prnorcsgvn jc eg`rnsgs y orkbufniks pufin-bkrcs. Fns bkbntu`ns jc akr`nbn jkjk fk cxtrcikjkrcfkagñb fnbogtuj/jgëictrn jc fns bkbntu`ns gbjgvgjukfcs, mubtn anb su `kmk snfu`gfgjkj pntcbagkf cb fns pufinbcs pnjrék anbjuagr k icakbgsins tñxgans kbëfnons k fns n`-scrvkjns cb ntrks pkrtéaufks eg`rnsks anin cf kigkbtn yfks eg`rks jc vgjrgn sgbtçtgaks. Qgb ci`kron, k jgecrcbagkjcf kigkbtn, fns bkbntu`ns jc akr`nbn jc pkrcj sgipfc

rkrk vcz sc cbaucbtrkb anin eg`rks sucftks, yk quc sc prn-juacb bnrikficbtc anin dkacs cbrcvcskjns jc bkbntu- `ns jc jgëictrn cbtrc 08 y 38 bi quc enrikb orupnsanipfcmns y kofnicrkjns (jc tkikûn cbtrc ;88 igarks y; ii) anb ntrks bkbnaucrjks y akr`nbnsns quc cstçb prc-scbtcs, pnr fn quc jc inicbtn bn dky rkznbcs quc suogc-rkb quc fns bkbntu`ns jc`kb trktkrsc anin fks eg`rks jckigkbtn k fk dnrk jc cvkfukr fk cxpnsgagñb k cffns.

Zki`gçb, kfoubns cstujgns dkb cbanbtrkjn bgvcfcs cfc-vkjns jc aëbacr jc pufiñb cbtrc trk`kmkjnrcs cxpucstnsk agcrtks bkbnpkrtéaufks (pnr cmcipfn, pkrtéaufks cigtgjks pnr intnrcs jgcscf y duins jc snfjkjurk).

Xnr ntrk pkrtc, cstujgns cpgjcignfñogans cb fk pn`fk-agñb ocbcrkf dkb instrkjn rcfkagñb cbtrc fk anbtkigbk-agñb jcf kgrc pnr pkrtéaufks y cf kuicbtn jc fk inr`gfgjkj

y inrtkfgjkj pnr cbecricjkjcs rcspgrktnrgks y akrjgnvks-aufkrcs.

Cvkfukagñb y akrkatcrgzkagñb jc fk cxpnsgagñb

Xkrk akrkatcrgzkr fk cxpnsgagñb fk`nrkf k bkbnpkrtéau-fks, sc jc`crëb scougr fns sgougcbtcs pksns=;. Jctcrigbkr cf tgpn jc prnacsn jnbjc pucjkb cxgstgr bk-bnpkrtéaufks (prnacsns kkftks tcipcrkturks, ani`ustgñb, prnacsns icaëbgans, ik-bgpufkagñb jc bkbnpkrtéaufks, bkbntcabnfnoék, cta.).0. Gjcbtgegakr fks eucbtcs jc cigsgñb prgbagpkfcs.1. Jcegbgr fk tnxgagjkj.

:. Jctcrigbkr fk cxpnsgagñb/anbacbtrkagñb cb cf ki`gcbtc.

Qc pucjc akrkatcrgzkr fk cxpnsgagñb cb tçrigbns jciksk, ërck supcregagkf y býicrn (cb iksk cxgstc cf prn- `fcik jc quc bn sc ffcouc kf féigtc jc jctcaagñb jcfcqugpn jc icjgagñb). Fk icjgagñb jc fk cxpnsgagñb k bk-bnkcrnsnfcs, ýbgakicbtc cb tçrigbns jc anbacbtrkagñb cbiksk, bn cs suegagcbtc pkrk cvkfukr cf rgcson pntcbagkf pkrk fk skfuj.

Xrcvcbagñb

Fk kaagñb prcvcbtgvk ercbtc k fns rgcsons jcrgvkjns jcfks bkbnpkrtéaufks k`nrjk jns kspcatns= fk prcvcbagñb jcgbacbjgns y cxpfnsgnbcs, quc sc jcrgvk jc su anbjgagñb jc pkrtéaufks iktcrgkfcs cb cf ki`gcbtc jc trk`kmn< y fk vgb-aufkjk k su pnsg`fc tnxgagjkj.

Fks icjgjks jc prcvcbagñb y prntcaagñb sc cstk`fcacbk pkrtgr jc fk cvkfukagñb jc rgcsons y cb iuadns aksnsscrëb fks igsiks quc fks quc sc pnjrékb utgfgzkr pkrk cfanbtrnf jc fk cxpnsgagñb k kcrnsnfcs.

Cbtrc fks icjgjks tçabgaks sc cbaucbtrkb=

k) Qustgtuagñb jc fks sustkbagks, prnacsns y cqugpns. `) Kgsfkigcbtn n cbacrrkigcbtn jcf prnacsn.a) Cxtrkaagñb fnakfgzkjk. Xkrk fns bkbniktcrgkfcs, fks cs- pcagegakagnbcs y fk akfgjkj jc cstns sgstciks jc cxtrkaagñbjc`cb scr sgigfkrcs k kqucffns quc sc utgfgacb pkrk okscs,vkpnrcs y kcrnsnfcs (anb egftrn jc pkrtéaufks jc kftk ceg-agcbagk DCXK, SFXK n QSFXK). Fks npcrkagnbcs jc fgipgczk jc`cb rckfgzkrsc icjgkbtc kspgrkagñb.j) Pcagraufkagñb jcf kgrc y egftrkagñb. Jc`c tcbcrsc cbaucbtk quc fns egftrns DCXK prcscbtkb ubk cegakagk supc-

rgnr kf 77,7?% pkrk pkrtéaufks jc ub tkikûn icjgn jc 8,1³i, fns egftrns SFXK prcscbtkb ubk cegagcbagk jc 77,777%y fns QSFXK jc 77,7777%.



0?Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 0;-0?PcjkaagñbBkbntcabnfnoék, bkbnpkrtéaufks y tnxgagjkj

0?

Zk`fk :. Cvkfukagñb jc fk cxpnsgagñb k bkbnpkrtéaufks

Pcecrcbagks

• Fk scourgjkj y skfuj cb fk cxpnsgagñb k bkbnpkrtéaufks. Gbstgtutn Pgnmkbn jc Qkfuj Fk`nrkf. 08;;• BZX ?7?. Pgcsons ksnagkjns k fk bkbntcabnfnoék. GBQZD. 0884• Zgblfcss ct kf. Qlgb ks k rnutc ne cxpnsurc kbj scbsgtgzktgnb gb adrnbga cryffgui jgscksc. 0881. Cbvgrnb Dckftd Xcrs- pcat ;;;(7)=;080-;084.• Kgtlcbrm, Arccfyls, Zrkbaf. Bkbnpkrtgafcs= kb naaupktgnbkf dyogcbc rcvgcw. Pcsckrad Pcpnrt 0?:, SL Dckftd kbjQkecty Cxcautgvc www.dsc.onv.ul/rcsckrad/rrdti/rr0?:.dti.• Fcs bkbniktçrgkux. GBPQ. Erkbac. 08;0



04

04

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 04-07Pcjkaagñb

Fk gbdkfkagñb jc bkbnpkrtéaufks jc akr`nbn bcorn korkvk fk gbefkikagñb pufinbkr cb rktnbcs

Pcscûks jc Qkfuj Fk`nrkf

Fk gbdkfkagñb jc bkbnpkrtéaufks jcakr`nbn bcorn korkvk fk gbefkikagñbpufinbkr cb rktnbcs

Kutnrcs

Pcjkaagñb

Jcvgbk Qkputrk, Mgb-dk Wnnb, Dyubmu Xkrl, Wnbomu Dcn,Dynscnb Wkbo, Cub Mg Fcc,Qkbomgb Fcc, Adkbo-_nn Qnbo kbj Lyudnbo Fcc

Gbdkfktgnb Znxganfnoy Acbtcr, Lnrck Gbstgtutc ne Znxganfnoy, Mcnb`ul, Lnrck

Znxganfnoy kbj Xdkrikanfnoy, Lnrck Sbgvcrsgty ne Qagcbac kbj Zcadbnfnoy, Jkcmcnb, Lnrck

Gbstgtutc enr Naaupktgnbkf Dckftd, Wnbscg Sbgvcrsgty Anffcoc ne Icjgagbc, Qcnuf, Lnrck

Gbtrnjuaagñb

Pcagcbtcicbtc, fk prcnaupkagñb pnr fns rgcsons jc gb-

dkfkagñb jc pkrtéaufks uftrkegbks (XSE) sc dk gbarcicb-tkjn, jkjn su kipfgk utgfgzkagñb cb ërcks anin fk quéigak,fk cfcatrñbgak y fk gbjustrgk ekrikaçutgak y içjgak, bkbn-tcabnfnoéks. Kf igsin tgcipn, fk akbtgjkj jc XSE cb fkktiñsecrk cstë kuicbtkbjn pnan k pnan, gbarcicbtëbjnscfk cxpnsgagñb cb fk pn`fkagñb ocbcrkf.

Fks XSE snb pkrtgaufkricbtc prcnaupkbtcs jkjn su pcqucûn tkikûn, quc ocbcrkficbtc cqugvkfc k ub ërck jcsupcregagc cecatgvk iës orkbjc y jc ikynr tnxgagjkj. Fkgbdkfkagñb jc bkbnpkrtéaufks sc dk rcfkagnbkjn anb gbefk-ikagñb, eg`rnsgs, ocbntnxgagjkj, y akragbnocbgagjkj. Cf

jgñxgjn jc tgtkbgn y cf bcorn jc akr`nbn snb jns tgpns jcXSE quc sc dkb utgfgzkjn dk`gtukficbtc pkrk cvkfukr cfrgcson jc gbdkfkagñb jc bkbnpkrtéaufks.

Cf bcorn jc akr`nbn cs ub tgpn jc XSE jc akr`nbn,anipnbcbtc prgbagpkf jcf dnfféb, ocbcrkjn pnr ani`us-tgñb gbanipfctk. Zki`gçb cs ub anipnbcbtc acbtrkf jciuadns anbtkigbkbtcs anin fks cigsgnbcs jc jgcscf. Qcutgfgzk anicragkficbtc anin ub pgoicbtn pkrk fk tgbtkbcork, pgbturk, pfëstgan, y anin ub kocbtc jc rceucrzn pkrk bcuiëtgans y ntrns krtéaufns jc akuadn. Xnr jcsork-agk, fks cigsgnbcs jc bcorn jc akr`nbn cb fk ktiñsecrkdkb scougjn kuicbtkbjn, y cb anbscaucbagk, fk cvkfuk-agñb jc fns rgcsons pkrk fk skfuj duikbk jc fks cigsgnbcsjc bcorn jc akr`nbn cs akjk vcz iës arétgak.

Xkrk cvkfukr fk tnxgagjkj jc fns anbtkigbkbtcs gbdk-

fkjns sc pucjc gipfcicbtkr ub jgscûn jc gbvcstgokagñb

cb rktnbcs, jnbjc fk eg`rnsgs pufinbkr cs gbjuagjk pnr fkkjigbgstrkagñb jcf kbtg`gñtgan `fcnigagbk (@FI). Cb fnsscrcs duikbns, fk @FI pucjc gbjuagr fcsgnbcs rcspgrktn-rgks orkvcs, gbafuycbjn fk eg`rnsgs pufinbkr.

Cf n`mctgvn jcf prcscbtc cstujgn cs cvkfukr fks anipfg-akagnbcs jc fk pktnfnoék rcspgrktnrgk akuskjk pnr bkbnpkr-téaufks jc akr`nbn bcorn (A@BXs) k pkrtgr jc ub injcfncxpcrgicbtkf jc eg`rnsgs pufinbkr gbjuagjk pnr @FI.

Iktcrgkf y içtnjns

Znjns fns cxpcrgicbtns eucrnb kprn`kjns pnr cf An-igtç jc Augjkjn y Ssn jc Kbgikfcs y sc ffcvkrnb k ak`njc anbenrigjkj anb fks jgrcatrgacs gbtcrbkagnbkfcs cstk- `fcagjks pnr fk Ksnagkagñb pkrk fk Cvkfukagñb y Karcjgtk-agñb jc Augjkjn jc Kbgikfcs jc Fk`nrktnrgn.

Fks A@BX‗s eucrnb ocbcrkjks pnr ub sgstcik jc jcs-akrok jc kran cfçatrgan uskbjn ub ocbcrkjnr jc akr`nbn.Cf ocbcrkjnr jc akr`nbn utgfgzk ubk jcsakrok cfçatrgakcbtrc jns cfcatrnjns jc orkegtn pkrk ocbcrkr pkrtéaufks jcbcorn jc akr`nbn uftrkegbn quc snb trkbspnrtkjks pnr ubefumn jc kroñb dkstk ub anbjcbskjnr.

Jgscûn cxpcrgicbtkf. Pktnbcs jc nadn scikbks jc

cjkj eucrnb jgvgjgjns cb 1 orupns jc 5 rktnbcs aninsgouc= Orupn anbtrnf (snfuagñb skfgbk + kgrc fgipgn), orupnanbtrnf trktkjn anb @FI (@FI + kgrc fgipgn), y cf orupn



07

07

A@BX-cxpucstns. Cb cf jék ;, tnjns fns rktnbcs eucrnb

kbcstcsgkjns anb gsnefurkbn y sc kjigbgstrkrnb ubk jnsgsjc 38 if gbtrktrkquckf jc snfuagñb skfgbk (orupn ;) n @FI; io / lo (orupns 0 y 1). K pkrtgr jcf jék 3, fns rktnbcs sccxpusgcrnb k kgrc fgipgn n A@BXs jurkbtc : dnrks. Cb cfjék ?, fns rktnbcs sc skargegakrnb, y sc rcanogcrnb iucstrksjc pufiñb y féqugjn jc fkvkjn `rnbankfvcnfkr (F@K). Kfn fkron jcf cstujgn, fns sébtniks afébgans y fk inrtkfgjkjsc rcogstrkrnb jgkrgkicbtc. Fns pcsns anrpnrkfcs sc rcogs-trkrnb cb cf inicbtn jc fk aniprk, cf jék jc fk korupk-agñb, kbtcs jc fk gbstgfkagñb gbtrktrkquckf, kbtcs jc fkcxpnsgagñb pnr gbdkfkagñb, y kbtcs jc fk bcarnpsgk.

Pcsuftkjns

Fns rktnbcs k fns quc sc fcs kjigbgstrñ @FI instrkrnbjgsigbuagñb cb fk okbkbagk jc pcsn anrpnrkf cb anipk-rkagñb anb cf orupn anbtrnf. Jcspuçs jc fk gbdkfkagñb jckgrc fgipgn cb cf orupn anbtrnf y cf orupn jc anbtrnf @FI,tki`gçb jcspuçs jc fk gbdkfkagñb jc akr`nbn bcorn cb rk-tnbcs @FI gbaufakjn, tnjns fns orupns instrkrnb jgsig-buagñb jc pcsn anrpnrkf.

Cf gipkatn jc eg`rnsgs pufinbkr cb rktnbcs cxpucstns

A@BX‗s y @FI gbaufakjn sc igjgñ icjgkbtc fk cvkfuk-agñb dgstnpktnfñogak. Qc n`scrvkrnb gbegftrkagñb sgobgeg-aktgvk jc açfufks gbefkiktnrgks c dgpcrpfksgk jc fks açfufkscpgtcfgkfcs cb iucstrks jc pufiñb, tkbtn pkrk cf orupn@FI anbtrnf y cf orupn cxpucstn-A@BX @FI (@FI +A@BXs). Qc n`scrvñ gbegftrkagñb sgobgegaktgvk jc bcutrñ-egfns, ikarñekons, y açfufks inbnbuafckrcs kfrcjcjnr jcfns `rnbqugnfns y cb fns cspkagns pcrgvcbufkrcs y kfvcn-fkrcs. Cb ocbcrkf, cf orkjn jc gbefkikagñb y fk dgpcrpfksgkeuc iébgik k injcrkjk, pcrn fk cxtcbsgñb jc fns sébtnikseuc sgobgegaktgvkicbtc ikynr cb cf orupn @FI cxpucstk

cb anipkrkagñb anb cf orupn jc anbtrnf @FI.Anbafusgnbcs

Qc dk cvkfukjn ub injcfn pkrk fk aniprcbsgñb jc fktnxgagjkj pnr gbdkfkagñb jc XSE jc bcorn jc akr`nbn cbubk gbvcstgokagñb jc eg`rnsgs pufinbkr gbjuagjk pnr @FIcb rktnbcs. Cf injcfn @FI gbjuagjn cb cstc cstujgn ins-trñ ubk rcspucstk gbefkiktnrgk pufinbkr anb ; io / lo jc@FI anin ubk jnsgs ñptgik.

Fns rktnbcs anb @FI gbaufakjk instrkrnb jgsigbu-agñb cb cf pcsn anrpnrkf cb anipkrkagñb anb cf orupn anb-trnf. Znjns fns orupns tki`gçb instrkrnb jgsigbuagñb jc pcsn anrpnrkf jcspuçs jc fk gbdkfkagñb jc kgrc fgipgn nA@BX.

Cf cstujgn cvgjcbagñ quc fks A@BX‗s korkvkb fk gb-

efkikagñb pufinbkr c gbjuacb eg`rnsgs pufinbkr cb rktn-bcs anb @FI kjigbgstrkjn.

Fns rcsuftkjns suogcrcb quc XSE pnjrék cipcnrkr fkgbefkikagñb pufinbkr cb fns scrcs duikbns, pkrtgaufkr-icbtc cb pcrsnbks susacptg`fcs anb cbecricjkjcs pufin-bkrcs arñbgaks gbafuycbjn eg`rnsgs. Cs prn`k`fc quc cfcecatn scrék kýb iës sgobgegaktgvn aukbjn fk cxpnsgagñb k pkrtéaufks sck arñbgak.

Cstns rcsuftkjns su`rkykb fk bcacsgjkj jc ffcvkr kak`n ubk cvkfukagñb igbuagnsk y anbtgbuk jc fk cxpnsg-agñb k XSE sn`rc fk skfuj rcspgrktnrgk.

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 04-07PcjkaagñbFk gbdkfkagñb jc bkbnpkrtéaufks jc akr`nbn bcorn korkvk fk gbefkikagñb pufinbkr cb rktnbcs



18

18

Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 18-11Pcjkaagñb

Içtnjn jc Gbjgakjnrcs Afkvc (IGA) pkrk tkrcks jc ikbgpufkagñb jc akroks

Cf içtnjn dk sgjn jcskrrnffkjn pnr cf Gbstgtutn Ecjcrkf pkrk fk Qcourgjkj y fk Qkfuj cb cf Zrk`kmn (@KuK) y cfAnigtç jc fns Fkcbjcr pkrk fk Qcourgjkj y fk Qkfuj cb cfZrk`kmn (FKQG) jc Kfcikbgk, cb cstrcadk anfk`nrkagñb

anb prnecsgnbkfcs, rcprcscbtkbtcs jc scourgjkj, ciprcsk-rgns y ksnagkagnbcs jc cipfckjns, kscourkjnrks c gbstgtu-tns agcbtéegans.

Qc pu`fgañ ub prnycatn cb ;775, jcspuçs jc rckfgzkr ub prnorkik agcbtéegan y aniprn`kjn anb fns usukrgns jcagban kûns jc jurkagñb.Fks vcrsgnbcs egbkfcs sc pu`fgakrnb cb 088; y 0880.

Fk cvkfukagñb jc rgcson sc `ksk cb ub injcfn jnsgeg-akjn= fk jurkagñb iuftgpfgakjk pnr fk gbtcbsgjkj. Zgcbc cbaucbtk kspcatns `gnicaëbgans, ictk`ñfgans c gbjgvgjuk-fcs. Cf igsin prgbagpgn sc kpfgak k tnjk afksc jc akroks eé-sgaks jc trk`kmn.

Fns Içtnjns jc fns Gbjgakjnrcs Afkvc (IGA) pkrknpcrkagnbcs jc fcvkbtkigcbtn, sumcagñb, trkbspnrtc, ci- pumc y trkaagñb snb pkrtc jc ub sgstcik jc IGA pkrk tnjksfks afkscs jc akroks eésgaks jc trk`kmn (sc cstëb jcskrrn-ffkbjn ntrks scaagnbcs quc au`rcb prnacskigcbtn ikbukfrcpctgtgvn, kftks eucrzks jc kaagñb, pnsturks fgigtkjks yinvgigcbtn anrpnrkf sgb ikbgpufkagñb ikbukf jc akroks).

Fns IGA pucjcb scr gbtcorkjns cb tcabnfnoék y jgrca-agñb ciprcskrgkf jc scourgjkj y skfuj cb cf trk`kmn y puc-jcb scr utgfgzkjns pkrk cstujgns tki`gçb cb cf ëi`gtnciprcskrgkf.

Fk cvkfukagñb cs rckfgzkjk `ësgakicbtc pkrk tkrcks jcikbgpufkagñb ikbukf y jc`c rcecrgrsc k ub jék jc trk`kmn.Qg aki`gkb fns pcsns jc fks akroks n fks pnsturks jcbtrn

jc ubk katgvgjkj gbjgvgjukf, jc`crëb akfaufkrsc vkfnrcsicjgns. Qg surocb jcbtrn fk katgvgjkj ocbcrkf vkrgks tkrcksjc ikbgpufkagñb ikbukf anb ubk jgecrcbagk sustkbagkf jcikbgpufkagnbcs jc fk akrok, jc`cb scr cstgikjks y jnau-

icbtkjks pnr scpkrkjn.Cb fk cvkfukagñb sc bcacsgtkb fns sgougcbtcs 1 pksns=;. Jctcrigbkagñb jc fk pubtukagñb jcf cfcicbtn tgcipn.0. Jctcrigbkagñb jc fk pubtkagñb jc fns gbjgakjnrcs afkvc.1. Cvkfukagñb.

Xksn ;½= Jctcrigbkagñb jc fk Xubtukagñb jcf cfcicbtnZgcipn

Fk pubtukagñb jcf tgcipn sc jctcrigbk dkagcbjn rc-ecrcbagk k fk tk`fk, scpkrkjkicbtc pkrk trcs pnsg`fcs enr-iks jc ikbgpufkagñb jc akrok=- Xkrk tkrcks jc ikbgpufkagñb ikbukf akrkatcrgzkjks pnr fk rcpctgagñb rcoufkr jc npcrkagnbcs anrtks jc fcvkbtk-igcbtn, jcsacbsn n jcspfkzkigcbtn, cf býicrn jc npcrk-agnbcs cs ub jctcrigbkbtc jc fk pubtukagñb quc sc ntnrokkf tgcipn.- Xkrk tkrcks jc ikbgpufkagñb ikbukf akrkatcrgzkjks pnr fk sumcagñb jc fks akroks sc tnik fk jurkagñb tntkf jc fknpcrkagñb jc sumcagñb (jurkagñb tntkf 9 býicrn jc npcrk-agnbcs jc sumcagñb x jurkagñb jc ubk ýbgak npcrkagñb jcsumcagñb)- Xkrk tkrcks jc ikbgpufkagñb ikbukf akrkatcrgzkjks pnr

cf trkbspnrtc jc ubk akrok, sc tnik fk jgstkbagk tntkf au- `gcrtk anb fk akrok. Fk vcfnagjkj icjgk kf akigbkr sc akf-aufk quc cs jc : li/d ! ; i/s.

Xrcvcbagñb ofn`kf

Içtnjn jc Gbjgakjnrcs Afkvc (IGA) pkrktkrcks jc ikbgpufkagñb jc akroksKutnrcs

Pcjkaagñb

Zk`fk ;. Jctcrigbkagñb jc fk pubtukagñb jcf cfcicbtn tgcipn



Xksn 0½= Jctcrigbkagñb jc fk pubtukagñb jc fk Akrok, fkXnsturk y fks Anbjgagnbcs jc Zrk`kmn

0.; Xcsn jc fk Akrok- Fk pubtukagñb jc fk akrok sc jctcrigbk cb fk tk`fk jcenrik scpkrkjk pkrk cf dni`rc y fk iumcr.- Qg igcbtrks sc cvkfýk fk tkrck jc ikbgpufkagñb ikbukf,sc ikbgpufkb jgecrcbtcs akroks, pucjc enrikrsc ub vkfnr icjgn cb cf quc fk akrok ýbgak ikynr bn supcrc pkrk fnsdni`rcs fns :8 lo y pkrk fks iumcrcs fns 03 lo. Xkrk egbcsanipkrktgvns, tki`gçb pucjcb utgfgzkrsc vkfnrcs iëxginsjc fk akrok. Cb csc aksn, fk ercaucbagk rcjuagjk jc csns

vkfnrcs iëxgins jc`c tnikrsc anin `ksc y jc bgboubkenrik fk ercaucbagk tntkf.

- Cb aksn jc katgvgjkjcs jc fcvkbtkigcbtn/sumcagñb/trkbspnrtc/jcsacbsn, jc`c tnikrsc fk akrok cecatgvk. Fk ikskjc fk akrok cecatgvk cb cstc aksn cs fk eucrzk jcf pcsn quccf cipfckjn jc`c anipcbskr rckficbtc. Xnr anbsgougcbtc,fk akrok bn cs sgciprc goukf kf pcsn jcf n`mctn. Aukbjnubk akrok sc gbafgbk, sñfn sc katýk sn`rc cf 38 % jcf pcsnjc fk akmk.- Aukbjn sc cipumk y sc cstgrk jc ubk akrok, sc bcacsgtkbcvkfukagnbcs scpkrkjks.

1;Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 18-11PcjkaagñbIçtnjn jc Gbjgakjnrcs Afkvc (IGA) pkrk tkrcks jc ikbgpufkagñb jc akroks

1;

Zk`fk 0. Jctcrigbkagñb jc fks pubtukagnbcs jc iksk, prcagsgñb jc fk pnsgagñb, vcfnagjkj, pnsturk yanbjgagnbcs jc trk`kmn



10 Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 18-11Pcjkaagñb

Içtnjn jc Gbjgakjnrcs Afkvc (IGA) pkrk tkrcks jc ikbgpufkagñb jc akroks

0.0 XnsturkFk pubtukagñb jc fk pnsturk sc jctcrigbk anb rcecrcbagk k fns pgatnorkiks jc fk tk`fk. Fks pnsturks akrkatcréstgaks

jurkbtc fk ikbgpufkagñb jc akroks jc`cb utgfgzkrsc pkrk fk katgvgjkj gbjgvgjukf. Qg sc kjnptkb jgstgbtks pnsturks k ic-jgjk quc prnorcsk cf trk`kmn, pucjc enrikrsc ub vkfnr icjgn jc fks pubtukagnbcs pkrk cf cfcicbtn pnsturk quc sc anb-acjcb pkrk fk tkrck jc ikbgpufkagñb ikbukf quc cstë sgcbjn cvkfukjk.

Zk`fk 1. Xubtukagñb scoýb fk pnsgagñb jcf trnban jurkbtc cf ikbcmn jc fk akrok

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0.1 Anbjgagnbcs jc trk`kmnXkrk jctcrigbkr fk pubtukagñb jc fks anbjgagnbcs jc trk`kmn, jc`cb uskrsc fks anbjgagnbcs jc trk`kmn quc prcjnigbkbfk ikynr pkrtc jcf tgcipn. Bn sc tcbjrë cb aucbtk fk gbaninjgjkj naksgnbkf quc bn sck sgobgegaktgvk pkrk fk scourgjkj.Fns gbjgakjnrcs rcfcvkbtcs pkrk fk scourgjkj jc`cb jnauicbtkrsc cb fk aksgffk ‖Cs bcacskrgn anbtrnfkr cf fuokr jc trk- `kmn pnr ntrks rkznbcs".

Zk`fk 1. Xubtukagñb scoýb fks anbjgagnbcs jc trk`kmn

Xksn 1½= Cvkfukagñb

Akjk tkrck cs cvkfukjk pkrtgcbjn jc ubk pubtukagñb jc rgcson rcfkagnbkjk anb fk katgvgjkj (aëfaufn suikbjn fk pubtukagñb jc fns gbjgakjnrcs afkvc y iuftgpfgakbjn pnr fk pubtukagñb jcf tgcipn).

• Fk `ksc jc fk cvkfukagñb aniprcbjc icakbgsins `gnicaëbgans jc kaagñb ani`gbkjns anb injcfns jnsgegakjns.Kqué sc tgcbc cb aucbtk quc fk tcbsgñb gbtcrbk sn`rc fk znbk fui`kr jc fk anfuibk jcpcbjc dkstk ub cxtrcin aruagkfjc fk icjgjk cb quc cf trnban sc kpnyk dkagk jcfkbtc y jcf pcsn jc fk akrok y jc quc kuicbtc cf agtkjn pcsn, kani-



pkûkjn anb ub arcagigcbtn jc fk jurkagñb n fk ercaucbagk jc fk akrok, jc ubk gbafgbkagñb n jc ubk tnrsgñb.• Fks cvkfukagnbcs rcsuigjks snb jgeéagfcs anb ub býicrn jc tkrcks jc ikbgpufkagñb ikbukf, pnrquc vkb iës kffë jcf

kfakbac gbenriktgvn jc cstc kbëfgsgs jc nrgcbtkagñb. Bnrikficbtc rcqugcrcb prnacjgigcbtns iës cxtcbsns jc kbëfgsgs

jcf trk`kmn pkrk n`tcbcr ubk cvkfukagñb jc rgcson.

• Bcacsgjkjcs jc jgscûn quc pucjcb jcjuagrsc. Jc cstk cstgikagñb jc rgcson sc jcjuac gbicjgktkicbtc fk cxgstcbagk

jc bcacsgjkjcs y cbenqucs jc jgscûn. @ësgakicbtc, jc`cb cfgigbkrsc fks akusks jc fks kftks pubtukagnbcs. Cs pcaéeg-akicbtc, sc trktk jc bnriks jc nrokbgzkagñb aukbjn cxgstcb pubtukagnbcs kftks cb cf cfcicbtn tgcipn, jc rcjuaagñb

jcf pcsn jc fk akrok n jcf usn jc cfcicbtns kuxgfgkrcs jc fcvkbtkigcbtn jc akroks cb cf aksn jc pubtukagnbcs kftks jcf

cfcicbtn akrok n jc fk icmnrk jc fks anbjgagnbcs cronbñigaks cb cf aksn jc pubtukagnbcs kftks jcf cfcicbtn pnsturk.

Zk`fk :. Cvkfukagñb egbkf

11Cbecricrék jcf Zrk`kmn 08;3< 3= 18-11PcjkaagñbIçtnjn jc Gbjgakjnrcs Afkvc (IGA) pkrk tkrcks jc ikbgpufkagñb jc akroks

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Enfermería del Trabajo, volumen 5, número 1

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