El Español Unidad 2 CAPÍTULOS 3 Y 4

Overview

In this unit we will study the following material:

The numbers 101-3.000.000

Possesive Adjectives

Other expressions with ¨Tener¨

Miembros de la Familia

The present tense of stem changing verbs

Direct Objects, the personal –a, and the direct object pronouns

Describing yourself and others

Pointing out people and things to others

Not…so ….fast…!!! A short review from last week

Use the right definite article (the) with the following. (remember the

number and gender match in most cases).

___ casa/___ casas

___ bolsa/___bolsas

___ pluma/___ plumas

___carro /____carros

___libro/____libros

___termómetro/___ termómetros

Las Respuestas / Answers

La casa / las casas

La bolsa / las bolsas

La pluma / las plumas

El carro / los carros

El libro / los libros

El termómetro / los termómetros

* Remember: el, la, los, las refer to specific things! They are DIRECT.

Indirect Object Pronouns

Change the following indefinite (a/some) articles and nouns to the

plural form:

Una inyección /_______ inyeccion____. (ends in a consonant! So

what?)

Una clínica / _________clinica_____.

Un termómetro / ______termómetro___.

Las Respuestas

Unas inyecciones (no accent over the –o in the plural form, it ends in

an -n so we add an –es, it ends with –cion so we know it is feminine )

Unas clínicas

Unos termómetros

* Indirect pronouns refer to nonspecific things.

You have 5 minutes to type the

answers BUT DON´T SEND YET! : )

What are these body parts in Spanish?

¿Cuáles son estos partes del cuerpo en el español?

¿De qué color es? / What color is it

¿Qué hora es? / What time is it?

Las Respuestas

Son las tres y media.

Es la una.

Son las dos menos cuarto.

Great Job!!! Let´s Move ON!

¡Muy Bién! Well done! Vámonos! / Let´s Go!

Unidad 2: Capítulos 3 y 4

Los Numeros: 101-3.000.000

101 ciento uno/a 800 ochocientos/as

200 doscientos/as 900 novecientos/as

300 trescientos/as 1.000 mil

400 cuatrocientos/as 4.000 cuatro mil

500 quinientos/as 100.000 cien mil

600 seiscientos/as 1.000.000 un millón (de)

700 setecientos/as 3.000.000 tres millones

Los Numeros: Rules to Know

In Spain and in most of Latin America, thousands are marked by a

period and decimals by a comma.

Ex:

Spain/Latin America United States/Canada

$1.000 $1,000

$2,50 $2.50

$10.450, 35 $10,450.35

Los Numeros: Los Años / Years

In Spanish, the year is always expressed in thousands.

mil novecientos noventa y dos 1992

dos mil once 2011

The plural of millón is millones, and when followed immediately by a

noun, both take the preposition de.

un millón de pesos

dos millones de dólares

How would you write out this year, 2015, in Spanish?

Vocabulary Words to Know

La librería – bookstore la bilblioteca – Library

¿Dónde está? – Where is….. al lado (de) – beside, next to

A la derecho (de) – to the right (of) a la izquierda (de)- to the left

Cerca (de) – close to (near by) delante (de) – in front (of)

Detrás (de) – behind entre (de) – between

Enfrente (de) – facing, across (from) lejos (de) – far (from)

Casi – almost siempre – always

solo – only estar – to be

hacer – to do: to make ir – to go

Actividad: ¿Dónde está?

To the left

To the right

In front

Behind

Beside

Close by

Far from

Between

Las Respuestas

A la derecho de

A la izquierda de

Enfrente de

Detrás de

A lado de

Cerca de

Lejos de

Entre

Possessive Adjectives (ownership)

In Spanish, two factors determine the form of a possessive adjective:

the possessor and the entity or thing possessed. Possessive

adjectives agree in number with the nouns they modify, not the

possessor. Note that nuestro/a and vuestro/a are the only

possessive adjectives that show both gender and number

agreement.

mi libro my book mis libros my books

nuestra universidad our university

nuestras universidades our universities

Possessive Adjectives

See how many P.A’s you can find

Soy Pedro estudiante del Tec de Monterrey. Mi carrera es ingeniería

eléctrica. Tengo clases por la mañana y trabajo por la tarde. Vivo

en un apartamento cerca de la universidad, pero voy a mi casa los

fines de semana. Mi familia vive en Guanajuato. Mis clases de

informática y estadística son más difíciles que las otras. El profesor de estadística tiene su doctorado de una universidad

norteamericana. Este año voy a ser un estudiante de intercambio

(exchange) en Canadá donde voy a estudiar francés, también. Mi

novia (girlfriend) es de Quebec. Voy a conocer (meet) a su familia y a sus amigos.

Las Respuestas

Soy Pedro estudiante del Tec de Monterrey. Mi carrera es ingeniería

eléctrica. Tengo clases por la mañana y trabajo por la tarde. Vivo

en un apartamento cerca de la universidad, pero voy a mi casa los

fines de semana. Mi familia vive en Guanajuato. Mis clases de

informática y estadística son más difíciles que las otras. El profesor

de estadística tiene su doctorado de una universidad

norteamericana. Este año voy a ser un estudiante de intercambio (exchange) en Canadá donde voy a estudiar francés, también. Mi

novia (girlfriend) es de Quebec. Voy a conocer (meet) a su familia

y a sus amigos.

Just to make sure we´ve got it…

Turn to page 33 in your manual and let’s do it together!

Vámonos hacerlo juntos!

Activity number 2!

¨Tener¨Expressions

Tener….años – to be …years old

Tener calor – to be hot, warm

Tener cuidado – to be careful

Tener frío – to be cold

Tener ganas (de) – to feel like

Tener hambre – to be hungry

Tener miedo – to be afraid

Tener prisa – to be in a hurry

Tener razón – to be right or correct

Tener sed – to be thirsty

Tener sueño – to be sleepy

Translate from Spanish to English

and English to Spanish

Conjugations for reference on the middle of page 21 of your

manual.

Tengo…I have Tu tienes….you have Ud. Tiene….you have

Tener expressions on p. 25 of your manual :

I am cold. ______________________________

Are you thirsty? _______________________________

Yo tengo sueño. _______________________________

¡Tienes cuidado! ________________________________

¨Tener que¨

Tener que is an expression you will use often to show that you have

to do something.

The rule goes as follows:

Tener que + infinitive (ar, ir er) to express obligation or to have to.

Ex: Tengo que estudiar el español. / I have to study Spanish.

Tienes que tomar la medicina. / You have to take your medicine.

Hacer and Ir

Both of these verbs are irregular. Hacer is a ‘go verb’ and is only

irregular in the yo form and follows a normal present tense

conjugation.

Ir is very irregular and it does not follow a normal conjugation pattern.

ir (to go)

Singular Plural

yo voy nosotros/as vamos

tú vas vosotros/as vais

Ud. va Uds. van

él/ella va ellos/ellas van

Actividad con ¨Hacer¨

¿Qué hacen? Figure out what the following people do in the specified places using the verb hacer.

amigos la comida ejercicios la lección la tarea el trabajo

1. En la biblioteca, yo __________________________________.

2. En clase, nosotros __________________________________.

3. En el gimnasio, tú __________________________________.

4. En la oficina, los secretarios _________________________________.

5. En el restaurante, el chef __________________________________.

6. En una fiesta, todos nosotros ________________________________.

Las Respuestas

En la biblioteca, yo hago la tarea.

2. En clase, nosotros hacemos la lección.

3. En el gimnasio, tú haces ejercicios.

4. En la oficina, los secretarios hacen el trabajo.

5. En el restaurante, el chef hace la comida.

6. En una fiesta, todos nosotros hacemos amigos.

Estar

The verb estar is the equivalent of ‘to be’ in English. Estar is used to

indicate location of specific objects, people, and places. It is also

used to express feelings, emotions, and condition.

estar (to be)

Singular Plural

yo estoy nosotros/as estamos

tú estás vosotros/as estáis

Ud. está Uds. están

él/ella está ellos/ellas están

Adjectives with Estar aburrido/a bored

enojado/a angry

cansado/a tired

nervioso/a nervous

casado/a (con) married (to)

ocupado/a busy

contento/a happy

preocupado/a worried

enamorado/a (de) in love (with)

triste sad

enfermo/a sick

Ser v. Estar: both mean ¨to be¨ and YOU have

to know when to use them.

Description

Origin (the preposition de is used)

Characteristics (nationality,

religion, color…)

Time/date

Occupation

Relationships

Impersonal expressions

SER

Condition

Location

Feelings/emotions

Ing (this is the present progressive

tense) Example: Estoy hablando -

This will be learned in a later

chapter.

How you feel and where you are is

when you use the verb estar.

ESTAR

Ser = permanent / Estar = changes

Adjective ser (traits) estar (states)

aburrido/a to be boring to be bored

bonito/a to be pretty to look pretty

feo/a to be ugly to look ugly

guapo/a to be handsome to look handsome

listo/a to be clever to be ready

malo/a to be bad/evil to be ill

rico/a to be rich to taste good (food)

verde to be green (color) to be green (not ripe)

vivo/a to be smart, cunning to be alive

Conjugate and put the right word

Yo ___________ casado /– a.

Tú ___________ enamorada de Marco.

El Sol __________ un restaurant muy popular aquí.

¿De dónde ____________ Ud. originalmente?

_____________ muy bien. Gracias.

¡Yo _________ una enfermera espectácular!

¿ Tú ____________ una amiga de Luisa, no?

Las Respuestas

Estoy

Estas

Es

Es

Estoy

Soy

Eres

Personal - a

When the direct object is a definite person or persons, an ‘a’ precedes the noun in Spanish.

This is known as the personal ‘a’. However, the personal ‘a’ is usually omitted after the verb tener. The personal ‘a’ is not used with a direct object that is an unspecified or indefinite person.

The preposition ‘a’ is followed by the definite article el contracts to form al.

When the interrogative quién(es) requests information about the direct object, the personal a precedes it.

The personal ‘a’ is required before every specific human direct object in a series.

Personal A activity

Personal ‘A’

Fill in the blanks with ‘a ’or leave it blank if no ‘a’ is required:

Mi amiga Selena va a ayudar______ mi mamá.

No compré _______ un marcador.

No veo _______su hijo. ¿Dónde está?

Vamos a invitar ________ todos nuestros amigos.

¿No ves _________Ramón? Me tiene que ayudar.

Tengo que hacer _________ la comida.

Busco _______ los libros de español.

Busco _______ Rafael para cocinar la carne.

¿Quién trae _______ la ensalada?

Me gusta escuchar_______ la música española durante mis fiestas.

También me encanta escuchar ________ Teresa cuando canta porque es muy talentosa.

Veo _______ María. Viene temprano.

¿Visitas _______ el médico?

Demostrative Adjectives and

Pronouns Singular Plural Related adverbs

Masculine este estos this/these (close to me) aquí (here)

feminine esta estas

masculine ese esos that/those (close to you allí (there)

feminine esa esas

masculine aquel aquellos that/those (over there) allá (over there)

feminine aquella aquellas away from both of us)

Demonstrative adjectives are usually placed before a modified noun and agree with them in number and gender.

Demonstrative adjectives are usually repeated before each noun in a series.

The neutral forms esto, eso, and aquello are used to point out ideas, actions, or concepts, or to refer to unspecified objects or things.

Miembros de la Familia

Cultural Facts about Hispanic /

Latino American Families A Collectivist Culture With Strong Family Values (Familismo)

Latinos tend to be highly group-oriented. A strong emphasis is placed on family as the major source of one’s identity and protection against the hardships of life. This sense of family belonging is intense and limited to family and close friends. People who are not family or close friends are often slow to be given trust. The family model is an extended one; grandparents, aunts, cousins, and even people who are not biologically related may be considered part of the immediate family. The term Latinos use to describe their supreme collective loyalty to extended family is familismo. Financial support of the family by the individual and vice versa is important and expected. The decisions and behavior of each individual in the extended family are based largely on pleasing the family; decisions are not to be made by the individual without consulting the family. Failure of the clinician to recognize familismo can potentially lead to conflicts, non-compliance, dissatisfaction with care and poor continuity of care. Familismo can delay important medical decisions because extended family consultation can be time consuming. To gain the trust and confidence of the Latino patient/parent, it is important to solicit opinions from other family members who may be present and give ample time for the extended family to discuss important medical decisions.

La Familia continued….

Hispanic/Latino American children learn early the importance of (1) a

deep sense of family responsibility, (2) rigid definitions of sex roles, (3)

respectful and reverent treatment of the elderly, and (4) the male's

position of respect and authority in the family. Although some of the

male's authority appears to be relaxing as the woman's role is

redefined, women in the Hispanic/Latino American culture continue to

occupy a subordinate position. Fathers have prestige and authority,

and sons have more and earlier independence than do daughters.

Hispanic/Latinos value the extended family structure and interaction in

their daily lives. Parents often arrange for godparents or "companion

parents" for the child, demonstrating the value Hispanic/Latinos place

on adults other than the immediate parents. These compadres also

have a right to give advice and correction and should be responsive to

the child's needs.

Hierarchy in Latino Families

Hierarchy in Latino Families

Latino families are often stratified based on age and sex. Generational hierarchy is expected – grandparent, child, grandchild. The oldest male (direct relative) holds the greatest power in most families and may make health decisions for others in the family. Latino men traditionally follow the ideal of machismo. They are expected to be providers who maintain the integrity of the family unit and uphold the honor of family members. Many Latino females, at least publically, are expected to manifest respect and even submission to their husbands, though this compliance varies by individual and is affected by acculturation in the U.S. Women follow the ideal of marianismo which refers to the high value Latino women place on being dedicated, loving and supportive wives and mothers. They are responsible for teaching Latino children culture and religion and for being ready to help those in need both in the family and community. It bears repeating that upward mobility, education and other societal factors are changing the above, but in isolated communities and among new immigrants, little has changed.

Typical Doctor’s Visit

Healthcare providers, and doctors especially, are viewed as authority figures. Thus, Latino patients/parents will tend to demonstrate respecto in healthcare encounters. They may be hesitant to ask questions or raise concerns about a doctor’s recommendations, being fearful that doing so might be perceived as disrespectful. They may nod to demonstrate careful listening and respect when a doctor is talking, rather than agreement about treatment. Respecto is also expected on a reciprocal basis by Latinos when dealing with healthcare professionals. This is especially the case when a young doctor is treating an older Latino patient. It is important to approach Latino patients/parents in a somewhat formal manner, using appropriate titles of respect (Senor [Mr.] and Senora [Mrs.] and appropriate greetings [good morning or good afternoon]. This is especially true with older Latinos. U.S. Americans are recognized the world over as being highly informal. We jump to a first name basis with strangers almost immediately, signaling a collapse of status differences by doing so. Good intentions aside, people from many traditional cultures will not appreciate this informality. It will make them uncomfortable and may even be seen as rude behavior in certain situations.

Good to Know

It makes sense that a culture tolerant of uncertainty tends to have a relaxed attitude towards time. Many Latinos definitely treat time as flexible and do not value punctuality the way their healthcare providers may expect them to. In fact, within the Latino community, not being on time is a socially accepted behavior. This explains a tendency for Latino patients/parents to show up late for healthcare appointments fully expecting to be able to see their provider. Similarly, Latinos are more accepting of certain levels of chaos and don’t expect orderly processes. The western medical model, with its focus on data gathering and tracking, and its insistence on adhering to specific appointment procedures, may seem unduly regimented to less acculturated Latinos, especially those who are new immigrants.

Definitions: Latino vs. Hispanic Definitions: Latino vs. Hispanic

The term Latino denotes all persons living in the United States whose

origins can be traced to the Spanish-speaking regions of Latin

American, including the Caribbean, Mexico, Central American, and

South America. ( Flores 2000) The term Hispanic was created by the

U.S. federal government in the early 1970s in an attempt to provide a common denominator to a large and highly diverse population

with connection to the Spanish Language. It is often considered a

somewhat narrow indicator by those who prefer the term Latino.

Interestingly, “Hispanics” are a race to the United States Department of Justice when it enforces provisions of the civil rights laws, but

Hispanics are not a race to the Bureau of the Census

How this applies to You

Task vs. Relationship/Simpatia and Personalismo

If U.S. Americans are time and task-oriented, Latinos tend to be more focused on relationship. The word simpatia means “kindness” and refers to an emphasis on politeness and pleasantness even in the face of stress. Latinos expect that healthcare providers demonstrate simpatia and personalismo which translates into “formal friendliness.” Latinos may read the neutral or businesslike affect of western doctors as negative. If the physician seems hurried, detached and aloof, the Latino patient/parent may experience resentment and be dissatisfied with care. This of course reduces the likelihood of compliance with the doctor’s recommendations for treatment and follow-up. A physician should be attentive, take their time, show respect, and if possible communicate in Spanish. Physical gestures such as handshakes or even placing a hand on the shoulder help to communicate warmth. Latinos also expect their healthcare provider to exhibit confidence.