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N`m{ uc{famt ycuc mb }tf nm ^z`~~mu dfgf

hmuucg`ma~c ma bc dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc p mbmd~fucb

^ma umctfat lfu ^z`~~mut }tm b`om ~ffb `a yfb`~`dcb

can mbmd~fucb dfgg}a`dc~`fa

Ufemu~f Ufnuj}m{ Canut

N`umd~fu nm Dfg}a`dcd`a nmb Ju}yf Cggc" yuflmtfu ctfd`cnf nm bc ]a`|mut`ncn Yfa~`l`d`c nm

Dfg`bbct (@DCNM) m `a|mt~`jcnfu tfeum dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc p mbmd~fucb!

uufnu`j}m{Icggc!mtIufeVufnu`j}m{Vc

Nca`mb ]umc ]dmnc

Tfd`f'N`umd~fu nm GCT Dfat}b~`aj Juf}y" yuflmtfu nm bc ]a`|mut`ncn Yfa~`l`d`c nm Dfg`bbct

(@DCNM) p dffun`acnfu nmb C}bc nm B`nmuc{jf Yeb`df!

n}umacIgctdfat}b~`aj!mt

Inca`mb}umac

UMT]GMA; (gx`gf 399 ycbceuct); ^z`~~mu tm hc dfa|mu~`nf ma }ac nm bct umnmt tfd`cbmt dfa

gcpfu `gycd~f ma bft b~`gft ~`mgyft! Dfa d`luct nm }t}cu`ft s}m c}gma~ca nc c nc nm lfugc|mu~`j`aftc" tm hc jmamucnf ma~um bc dfg}a`ncn cdcng`dc p yuflmt`facb }a lu}d~lmuf nmec~m

cdmudc nm bct yf~mad`cb`ncnmt nm mt~m gmn`f dfgf hmuucg`ma~c ycuc bc dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc p

mbmd~fucb" ct dfgf ycuc gmkfucu bc umbcd`a ma~um yfb~`dft p d`}ncncaft! Ma mb gcudf nm mt~m

nmec~m" ma mb yumtma~m cu~d}bf tm ~uc~cua nm dfanmatcu ma lfugc nm nmdbfjf bct yu`ad`ycbmt

cyfu~cd`famt nm ^z`~~mu ma mt~m ge`~f!

YCBCEUCT DBC\M; ^z`~~mu p Yfb~`dc" @a~muam~ p Yfb~`dc" Dfg}a`dcd`a Yfb~`dc" Dcgycct

Mbmd~fucbmt" A}m|ct ~mdafbfjct!

Nmtnm hcdm cft" tfeum ~fnf c ycu~`u nm gmn`cnft nm bft 09 nmb t`jbf yctcnf" mt }ac

dfat~ca~m ma dud}bft cdcng`dft p yuflmt`facbmt bc umlbmx`a cdmudc nmb yfnmu s}m mt~

cns}`u`manf @a~muam~ dfgf hmuucg`ma~c nm dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc p mbmd~fucb (Tmbafz" 3008?

Lcuumbb" Ofbfnap , Gmn|`d" 5993? Zmet~mu" 5993? T~m`a" 5994? Obf~{" 599>? Hmanu`dot , Oc`n"

5939)! Pc af tm dfad`em }ac dcgycc t`a mb }tf ybca`l`dcnf p t`t~mg~`df nm mt~m gmn`f p

a`aja dcan`nc~f s}`mum s}mncutm cb gcujma nm bct a}m|ct yft`e`b`ncnmt dfg}a`dc~`|ct s}m

eu`anc bc Umn!

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P nm ma~um ~fnct mt~ct yft`e`b`ncnmt" t`a n}nc bct s}m gt `gycd~f mt~a dfeucanf ma bft

b~`gft cft tfa bct s}m yufy`d`ca bct umnmt tfd`cbmt c bc hfuc nm `a~mucd~}cu dfa bft

d`}ncncaft" dumcu dfg}a`ncnmt p mt~cebmdmu }a gfnmbf nm dfg}a`dcd`a e`n`umdd`facb ma mb

s}m s}`mamt bca{ca bft gmatckmt pc af tbf tmca bft yfb~`dft t`af s}m bft `a~muac}~ct y}mnca

~cge`a hcdmu fu t} |f{!

Nm ~fnct mt~ct umnmt" ^z`~~mu mt bc s}m cd~}cbgma~m gt umbm|cad`c hc cns}`u`nf ma~um bc dbctm

yfb~`dc p ymu`fnt~`dc! Ma ycbceuct nm Y`td`~mbb`" tm hc dfa|mu~`nf ma }af nm bft gmdca`tgft nm

dfg}a`dcd`a gt yfnmuftft nm bc h`t~fu`c (5933; 3=)! P tmja Fu`h}mbc" hc dcge`cnf bc umn

p hc dfgybm~cnf mb j`uf tfd`cb s}m `a`d`cufa bft ebfjt c l`acbmt nm bft cft af|ma~c (5933; 53)!

Dumcnc ma 599< yfu Kcdo Nfutmp" c}as}m yfy}bcu nmtnm gcu{f nm 599:" p dfa gt nm 599

g`bbfamt nm }t}cu`ft ma ~fnf mb g}anf" mt~c umn nm g`dufebfjj`aj cbemujc dcnc nc d`ma~ft nm

g`bbfamt nm gmatckmt" dfanmatcnft ma }a gx`gf nm 3>9 dcucd~mumt! Bc eum|mncn mt" yfu

~ca~f" k}a~f dfa bc ucy`nm{ ma bc mg`t`a p umdmyd`a nm mt~ft ~mx~ft" }ac nm bct d}cb`ncnmt

yu`ad`ycbmt nm mt~c umn" c bc s}m g}dhft |c~`d`acufa yfdf x`~f ma t}t `a`d`ft p s}m" g}p cb

dfa~ucu`f" mt~ cbdca{canf df~ct nm yfy}bcu`ncn m `gycd~f `alfugc~`|f hct~c chfuc

nmtdfafd`nct ma f~uft gmn`ft p tfyfu~mt nm dfg}a`dcd`a (@tbct" 5939)!

Ma tmg`acu`ft" dfajumtft p mad}ma~uft yuflmt`facbmt tm |`mam nmec~`manf g}dhf ma bft

b~`gft gmtmt cdmudc nmb `gycd~f nm ^z`~~mu ma bc dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc! Tm hc hcebcnf nm t}t

yf~mad`cb`ncnmt p ~cge`a nm t}t u`mtjft! Tm hc cacb`{cnf mb }tf s}m Fecgc bbm| c dcef nm

mt~c umn nm lfugc y`famuc ma bc dcgycc yumt`nmad`cb nm 5998 (Hculf}th" 5939? Hmanu`dot ,

Nma~fa 5939? Emct" 5933) p t} yft~mu`fu mgybmf ma f~uct mbmdd`famt (Cggcaa" 5939?

Z`bb`cgtfa" 5939? K}ajhmuu" 5939? Gccumo" 5933? Hfbf~mtd}" J}~}" Jufttmdo , Euca" 5933)! P

ma gmn`f nm mt~m nmec~m" ma mb yumtma~m cu~d}bf tm ~uc~cu nm dfanmatcu ma lfugc nm

nmdbfjf bct yu`ad`ycbmt uc{famt yfu bct s}m ma~manmgft s}m bft yfb~`dft" t` af mt~a pc"

nmemuca ybca~mcutm lfugcu ycu~m nm bc dfg}a`ncn ~}`~muc" cacb`{canf cb g`tgf ~`mgyf bct

yu`ad`ycbmt yf~mad`cb`ncnmt p emaml`d`ft s}m mt~c umn y}mnm cyfu~cu c bc dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc

p mbmd~fucb p" ma b~`gf ~ug`af" cb nmtcuufbbf nmb yufdmtf nmgfdu~`df!

3!' ^z`~~mu cyfu~c (~fnc|c) `gcjma nm gfnmua`ncn

Y}mnm umt}b~cu }a cuj}gma~f t}ymul`d`cb" ymuf bc umcb`ncn mt s}m g}dhct |mdmt bft yfb~`dft tm

t}gca c c|cadmt ~mdafbj`dft yfu mb gmuf hmdhf nm af s}mncutm c~ut dfa umtymd~f c bf s}m

tm dfat`nmuc `aaf|cnfu ma bc tfd`mncn f c bf s}m pc tm mt~ hcd`manf ma f~uft yctmt" ma f~uft

tmd~fumt f yfu ycu~m nm bc dfgym~mad`c! Mt~cgft yfus}m hcp s}m mt~cu mt bc luctm s}m c

gma}nf tm mtd}dhc ma~um dfat}b~fumt p" tfeum ~fnf" ma~um yfb~`dft" p gt ca ma bft

gfgma~ft `a`d`cbmt nm d}cbs}`muc nm mt~ct a}m|ct hmuucg`ma~ct" d}canf ~fnc|c af tm ~`mam

}ac ymutymd~`|c yumd`tc nm bf s}m y}mnma cyfu~cu umcbgma~m!

Ma mt~m dfa~mx~f k}mjc }a ycymb nm~mug`aca~m mb mlmd~f dfa~cj`f s}m tm yufn}dm ma g}dhft

yctmt nmb g}anf dfa umtymd~f c bct ~da`dct p yufdmn`g`ma~ft nm dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc s}m tm

matcpca dfa dcud~mu y`famuf ma Mt~cnft ]a`nft p s}m" yfdf nmty}t" cdceca bbmjcanf cb umt~f

nm acd`famt" }a mlmd~f s}m hc t`nf nmafg`acnf cdcng`dcgma~m dfgf nm cgmu`dca`{cd`a

nm bct dcgycct mbmd~fucbmt (Gcad`a`" 300=? ^h}uemu , Ambtfa" 300=? Tzcatfa , Gcad`a`"

300

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bf gt yufecebm mt s}m" yfdf ~`mgyf nmty}t" cdcem cyb`danftm ~cge`a ma f~uft yctmt p

mtf mt bf s}m hc yctcnf dfa ^z`~~mu p" ma jmamucb" dfa ~fnf bf s}m `ad}gem c @a~muam~!

Dfgf hc nmtdu`~f Nc|`t (3000)" bc Umn bbmj ybmacgma~m c bc dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc

mt~cnf}a`nmatm c gmn`cnft nm bc ndcnc nm bft 09 nmb t`jbf yctcnf p" nmtnm ma~fadmt" dcnc

a}m|f yctf ma bc m|fb}d`a nm mt~m gmn`f hc mt~cnf cdfgyccnf nmb `a~ma~f nm bft yfb~`dftyfu mt~cu yumtma~mt ma b! Cb `a`d`f nm mt~m yufdmtf" yfu mkmgybf" p hcebcanf nmb dctf mtycfb"

~fnft bft ycu~`nft tm bca{cufa c ~mamu t} yufy`c yj`ac zme ma bc dcgycc nm 300< p gt

~cunm |`a`mufa bft ebfjt (Jfa{cbf" 5990) p ~cge`a bct d}ma~ct ma Lcdmeffo p Pf}~}em" umnmt

s}m |`|`mufa t} gcn}um{ ma bft dfg`d`ft nm 5998 (Ymp~`e`" Ufnuj}m{ , J}~`uum{' U}e" 5998?

Ncnmu" 5990? Gugfb" 5933)! Bc b~`gc gfnc ma mt~c t}dmt`a dufafbj`dc" pc ma ~`mgyft

gt umd`ma~mt" hc t`nf ma~ucu nm bbmaf ma ^z`~~mu! P mt s}m" c}as}m ma 5998 h}ef cbj}act

mxymu`mad`ct t`geb`dct p ect~ca~m c`tbcnct" bct yu`gmuct mbmdd`famt jmamucbmt ma bct s}m tm hc

}~`b`{cnf ybmacgma~m mt~c umn hca t`nf bct nm af|`mgeum nm 5933" t` e`ma pc ca~mt tm hceca

`nf mxymu`gma~canf t}t yf~mad`cb`ncnmt ma bct mbmdd`famt g}a`d`ycbmt p c}~fag`dct nm gcpf

nm mtm g`tgf cf p ~cge`a ma bct c}~fag`dct nm Dc~cb}c (5939)" Jcb`d`c (5990) p Yct\ctdf (5990)" ct dfgf ma bct m}ufymct nm 5990!

Ma bct yu`gmuct lctmt ma bct s}m }a ycu~`nf f }a dcan`nc~f tm ybca~mca hcdmu }tf nm }ac a}m|c

hmuucg`ma~c dfgf ^z`~~mu" f d}cbs}`mu f~uc" t}mbm tmu dfga madfa~ucu d`mu~f maluma~cg`ma~f

ma~um yfb~`dft p ctmtfumt! G`ma~uct mt~ft b~`gft s}`muma `adfuyfucu ~fnct bct af|mncnmt s}m

tm |cpca yufn}d`manf" bft yu`gmuft" mtymd`cbgma~m t` ~`mama pc }ac d`mu~c mncn" t}mbma tmu

gt umcd`ft" tfeum ~fnf yfus}m g}dhft y`matca s}m bct mbmdd`famt tm t`j}ma jcacanf dfgf

~fnc bc |`nc p" cnmgt" yfus}m c |mdmt tm g}mt~uca ~mgmuftft ca~m mt~ct a}m|ct ~mdafbfjct"

cb af dfgyumanmu nmb ~fnf t} l}ad`facg`ma~f p" ma nml`a`~`|c" |`manf gt bft u`mtjft s}m bct

fyfu~}a`ncnmt (]umc" 5933)! Mt~f y}mnm mt~cu fd}uu`manf ~cge`a ma ^z`~~mu! C ymtcu nm s}mbc dbctm yfb~`dc mtycfbc tm hc `nf mgecudcanf ma mt~c umn tfd`cb nm lfugc yufjumt`|c" bf s}m

tm |m yfu mkmgybf ma mb `adumgma~f nm n`y}~cnft s}m |ca ceu`manf d}ma~ct (b|cum{" 5933?

Gmn`ac" 5933)" ~fnc|c tfa g}dhft bft s}m umdmbca nm mbbc!

T}ujm ma~fadmt bc yumj}a~c; mt~cu f af mt~cu ma ^z`~~mu6! Aft madfa~ucgft cs} dfa

fy`a`famt n`|mujma~mt" c}as}m dcnc |m{ tfa gt gcpfu`~cu`ct bct s}m tm nmdca~ca yfu bc

yu`gmuc fyd`a! Ct" t` e`ma hcp c}~fumt dfgf Mdhm|cuuc p U`func (5939) s}m n`dma s}m t` af

hcp acnc `a~mumtca~m s}m nmd`u" af hcp s}m nmd`u acnc! Af mt feb`jc~fu`f ~mamu ^z`~~mu ycuc

acn`m" `adb}t`|m ycuc bft yfb~`dft" f~uft tft~`mama bc amdmt`ncn nm s}m bft yfb~`dft mt~a" t f

t" ma mt~c umn! Mt mb dctf nm Cbdc~" ycuc s}`ma bct umnmt tfd`cbmt" c}as}m mt~a nm gfnc" aftfa }ac gfnc ()! Bct ymutfact s}m s}`muca `alb}`u" cnmgt nm gca~mamu bc umbcd`a n`umd~c p

ymutfacb" ~manua s}m mt~cu" bf s}`muca f af" ma bct umnmt tfd`cbmt (5933; 33:)! P ~cge`a nm

]umc" s}m tft~`mam s}m mb n`bmgc ycuc ycu~`nft p dcan`nc~ft af mt t` cy}mt~ca f af yfu bc

~mdafbfjc" t`af d}anf bf hcua (5933; 43)! Ma mt~m nmec~m" ycumdm dcnc |m{ gt ct}g`nf

s}m" ma bc cd~}cb`ncn" bft yfb~`dft af y}mnma ncu bc mtycbnc c }a lmagmaf ~ca `gyfu~ca~m ma

yfb~`dc dfgf mt ^z`~~mu" dfgf tm hc |`t~f ma bct b~`gct mbmdd`famt!

P ma~um bft s}m pc mt~a" tm yfnuc nmd`u ~cge`a s}m bft hcp yfu dfa|`dd`a p f~uft" yfu gmuc

dfa|ma`mad`c! Bft yu`gmuft hca ct}g`nf nmtnm mb `a`d`f bct |ma~ckct s}m mt~m gmn`f y}mnm

umyfu~cubmt ma bc dfg}a`dcd`a dfa bft d`}ncncaft! Bft tmj}anft" ma dcge`f" tm ybca~mca t`a

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gt af ncu `gcjma nm s}m mt~a nmtlctcnft f ckmaft c bc m|fb}d`a nm bct ~mdafbfjct f

t`gybmgma~m tm `a~ufn}dma ma ^z`~~mu yfus}m s}`muma ~fdcu ~fnft bft ycbft n}uca~m bc

dcgycc mbmd~fucb!

Ymuf dceuc hcdmu cs} }ac b~`gc y}a~}cb`{cd`a" umbcd`facnc dfa bf s}m tm cdcec nm mxyfamu!

Ma ^z`~~mu" dfgf ma f~uct umnmt tfd`cbmt" hcp s}m mt~cu e`ma yfus}m" t` af" mt gmkfu af mt~cu!Af ect~c dfa ceu`u }a ymul`b p nmn`dcutm c umdfbmd~cu cg`jft" umd}munc Dcbnm|`bbc (5990; 4=)!

Hcp s}m ~mamu cd~`|`ncn" cd~}cb`{cu dfa~ma`nft" umtyfanmu c bft d`}ncncaft" tmu dfat~ca~mt ma

mb ~`mgyf!!! Yfu mkmgybf" hcp s}`ma }tc g}dhf mt~ct umnmt ca~mt nm }act mbmdd`famt p b}mjf af

|}mb|m c hcdmubf hct~c bct t`j}`ma~mt" bf s}m nmaf~c }a dbcuf `a~mut mbmd~fucb`t~c! Mtf tm |`f

ma bft dfg`d`ft c}~fag`dft nmb 55 nm gcpf nm 5933" ma bft s}m" dfgf mxyb`dca ^fu`e`f m

@em{ (5933)" bc juca gcpfuc nm bft dcan`nc~ft t}d}ge`mufa c bc gfnc nm ~mamu }a ymul`b ma

mt~c umn nm g`dufebfjj`aj" ymuf cdcecnc bc dcgycc" cn`t c mtf nm ~}`~mcu! P cbjf t`g`bcu

fd}uu` ~uct bct mbmdd`famt jmamucbmt nm af|`mgeum nm mtm g`tgf cf!

Ct" }af nm bft yu`gmuft yu`ad`y`ft s}m nmema ~mamutm ma d}ma~c ma mt~m dcgyf mt s}m bft

ycu~`nft nmema hcdmu dcgycc dfa ^z`~~mu" ymuf nmty}t hca nm jfemuacu f hcdmu fyft`d`a

(tmja mb umt}b~cnf nm bct }uact) ~cge`a dfa mt~c umn t` af s}`muma nmkcu cb nmtd}e`mu~f s}m

t}t `a~mad`famt cb hcdmu }tf nm mt~c hmuucg`ma~c muca gmucgma~m fyfu~}a`t~ct (]umc"

5933e)! Dfgyfu~cutm nm mt~c lfugc yfnuc jucakmcubmt du~`dct t` nmty}t nm mt~cu `acd~`|ft

n}uca~m bc bmj`tbc~}uc" |}mb|ma c ~}`~mcu d}canf tm cdmudca bct t`j}`ma~mt mbmdd`famt!

5!' Ymug`~m bc dfa|mutcd`a dfa mb d`}ncncaf

]ac nm bct jucanmt |ma~ckct nm ^z`~~mu" p s}`{ t} gcpfu |`u~}cb`ncn" mt lc|fumdmu bc

dfg}a`dcd`a" mb dfa~cd~f n`umd~f p mb n`bfjf dfa bft d`}ncncaft! Bc dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc

~ucn`d`facb dfat`t~c ma s}m mb ycu~`nf f mb dcan`nc~f mbcefuceca t}t gmatckmt p bft n`l}anca c~uc|t nm bft gmn`ft" dfgf bc yumatc" bc ucn`f f bc ~mbm|`t`a! Mt~m gfnmbf" yfu ~ca~f" tm

t}t~ma~cec ma }a ~`yf nm dfg}a`dcd`a yumlmuma~mgma~m }a`n`umdd`facb" nfanm mb s}m hcebcec

muc mb yfb~`df p bc c}n`mad`c mtd}dhcec f bmc bft gmatckmt bca{cnft p cd~}cec ma

dfatmd}mad`c" ymuf t`a ~mamu cymact fyfu~}a`ncn nm ycu~`d`ycu!

^z`~~mu" cb `j}cb s}m f~uft gmn`ft nm @a~muam~" hc |ma`nf c ufgymu mt~ct ecuumuct cb lc|fumdmu

s}m bc dfg}a`dcd`a tmc e`n`umdd`facb p s}m tm yufn}{dc }a lmmnecdo ma~um mb yfb~`df p bft

d`}ncncaft s}m ca~mt af mx`t~c f tm ncec tbf ma dfa~cnct fdct`famt! P mt s}m ^z`~~mu" dfgf

cl`ugc Fu`h}mbc" gt cbb nm bc ~mdafbfjc" tfa bct ymutfact s}m bf }~`b`{ca" bft gmatckmt s}m

tm dfgycu~ma" bct dfa|mutcd`famt s}m tm gca~`mama p bct umbcd`famt s}m tm mt~cebmdma ma~um

t}t }t}cu`ft (5933; 44)!

Mt~c afd`a nm e`n`umdd`facb`ncn ma bc dfg}a`dcd`a ma~um `at~`~}d`famt p d`}ncncaft pc l}m

mtef{cnc c gmn`cnft nmb t`jbf yctcnf yfu ~mu`dft nm bct Umbcd`famt Yeb`dct dfgf Emuacpt"

D}~b`y p Dma~mu! T`a mgecujf" tmuca c}~fumt yft~mu`fumt" dfgf Ju}a`j p H}a~ (308>)" s}`mamt

yufl}an`{cufa ma mt~m dfadmy~f" `ad`n`manf ma t} yf~mad`cb`ncn ycuc gmkfucu bc dfgyumat`a

g}~}c ma~um bc fujca`{cd`a p bft yeb`dft" tmu gt ~ucatycuma~mt" n`ag`dft p yux`gft c bct

nmgcanct nm bft d`}ncncaft!

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P ma mt~m gcudf" tm ma~`manm s}m ^z`~~mu af mt tbf hcebcu t`af ~cge`a mtd}dhcu" umtyfanmu p

nmec~`u! Ma ycbceuct nm ]umc" bct umjbct nmb k}mjf hca dcge`cnf" chfuc mb dfadmy~f dbc|m mt

bc dfa|mutcd`a! Mb |f~ca~m pc af tbf mtd}dhc" t`af s}m ~cge`a hcebc (5933; 43)!

Mt~c l}ad`facb`ncn nm ^z`~~mu yumtma~c `an}ncebmt emaml`d`ft ycuc bft d`}ncncaft! Ymuf

~cge`a bft ~`mam ycuc bft yfb~`dft! Yfus}m mt~c umn tfd`cb" cb `j}cb s}m mb umt~f nmhmuucg`ma~ct s}m eu`anc bc Umn" yfnuc s}meucu mb yu`ad`y`f nm dfg}a`dcd`a gmn`cnc s}m

mx`t~c hct~c chfuc! Bft yfb~`dft" t` tm s}muca n`u`j`u c bft d`}ncncaft" nmeca hcdmubf dct` nm

lfugc a`dc c ~uc|t nm bc gmn`cd`a nm bft gmn`ft nm dfg}a`dcd`a p" yfu ~ca~f" t} gmatckm

nmec tmu umd`e`nf" `a~muyum~cnf p l`b~ucnf yfu bft ymu`fn`t~ct" s}m muca s}`mamt nmd`nca t`

l`acbgma~m muc n`l}an`nf" dfa s} umbm|cad`c f mtycd`f `alfugc~`|f p dfa s} ~uc~cg`ma~f

mn`~fu`cb" af t`mgyum nmb j}t~f nm bft yfb~`dft! Ma mt~m gfnmbf" hcec g}p yfdct yft`e`b`ncnmt

nm hcdmu bbmjcu n`umd~cgma~m mb gmatckm cb d`}ncncaf" tcb|f c ~uc|t nm dcu~ct" lfbbm~ft f ma

g~`amt f um}a`famt yumtmad`cbmt" c bct s}m yfnc cd}n`u }ac c}n`mad`c g}p mtdctc ma

dfgycucd`a dfa mb ~f~cb nm bc fy`a`a yeb`dc! Bct a}m|ct hmuucg`ma~ct nm dfg}a`dcd`a s}m

hc y}mt~f tfeum bc gmtc @a~muam~ ymug`~ma ufgymu mt~ct ecuumuct" y}mt~f s}m bft yfb~`dfty}mnma n`u`j`utm n`umd~cgma~m c }a juca agmuf nm ymutfact t`a ~mamu s}m dfa~cu dfa bft

ymu`fn`t~ct dfgf `a~mugmn`cnfumt! Mb gmatckm mt mg`~`nf n`umd~cgma~m yfu mb yfb~`df p bbmjc

t`a a`aja ~`yf nm l`b~uf hct~c mb d`}ncncaf!

Ma mt~m dfa~mx~f tm y}mnm nmd`u s}m bct umnmt tfd`cbmt" p ma~um mbbct ^z`~~mu nm }ac lfugc

mtymd`cbgma~m nmt~cdcnc" hca |ma`nf c nmgfduc~`{cu bct |ct nm dfg}a`dcd`a ma~um bft

d`}ncncaft p bft yfb~`dft! Ca~mt" tbf bft ymu`fn`t~ct yfnca ~mamu mb yu`|`bmj`f nm hcebcu dfa

t~ft b~`gft p yumj}a~cubmt! Chfuc" mt~c yft`e`b`ncn mt~ cb cbdcadm nm ~fnft! D}cbs}`mu

d`}ncncaf y}mnm dfa~ufbcu mb ~uceckf nm bft yfb~`dft p ybca~mcubmt du~`dct" t}jmumad`ct f

n}nct" cbjf s}m" t`a n}nc" lc|fumdm bc ~ucatycumad`c (GdAc`u" 5933; :4':>)! P mt~f tm cyb`dc aftbf ma ymu`fnft mbmd~fucbmt" t`af s}m mt t}gcgma~m `gyfu~ca~m ~cge`a n}uca~m bc cdd`a nm

jfe`muaf! Nm hmdhf" mt pc g}p dfga fu hcebcu nm Fyma'Jf|muagma~ f Jfe`muaf Ce`mu~f"

yfu mkmgybf" s}m umtyfanm yumd`tcgma~m c mt~m yu`ad`y`f nm ycu~`d`ycd`a p n`bfjf dfa bc

fy`a`a yeb`dc c bc hfuc nm bbm|cu c dcef mt~c bcefu (Dcbnmua , Bfuma{f" 5939? Bc~hufy ,

U}gc" 5939)" ct dfgf f~uct mxyumt`famt ycuc umlmu`utm c mt~m g`tgf dfadmy~f" dfgf bc nm

d`emunmgfducd`c (Ncnmu" 5994? Nmb Ump Gfuc~" 599:)! @adb}tf tm hcebc ~ cge`a nm s}m

mt~ft gmn`ft mt~a yufy`d`canf bc |}mb~c c bft nmec~mt yeb`dft s}m tm |`|ca ma bft fujmamt

nm bc nmgfducd`c ma bct jfuct nm bc Jumd`c dbt`dc (Emct" 5933)!

]a mkmgybf yud~`df nm mt~m ~`yf nm nmec~mt tm yufn}kf mb < k}b`f nm 5933" d}canf mbyumt`nma~m Fecgc dfadmn` }ac ma~um|`t~c y`famuc c ^z`~~mu" s}m t`ja`l`dc~`|cgma~m l}m

ec}~`{cnc dfa mb afgeum nm ^fzahcbb p mt~}|f `aty`ucnc ma bft ~ucn`d`facbmt mad}ma~uft ma~um

yfb~`dft p d`}ncncaft s}m tfbca dmbmeucutm ca~`j}cgma~m ma bft cp}a~cg`ma~ft cgmu`dcaft!

C bc hfuc nm k}t~`l`dcu mt~c ma~um|`t~c" bc Dctc Ebcadc mxyb`d s}m tm magcudcec ma }ac a}m|c

mt~uc~mj`c ycuc yfnmu hcebcu bf gt n`umd~cgma~m yft`ebm dfa mb y}mebf nm Mt~cnft ]a`nft!

Hmgft ma~ucnf ma }ac muc nm bc `alfugcd`a n`lmuma~m mxyb`dcec Nca Ylm`llmu" n`umd~fu nm

Dfg}a`dcd`a nm Fecgc' ma bc s}m bc jma~m cddmnm c bct af~`d`ct nm gcamuc n`lmuma~m c dfgf

bf hcdc ma mb yctcnf! Pc af mt t}l`d`ma~m nmymanmu nm bft gmn`ft nm dfg}a`dcd`a

~ucn`d`facbmt! T`mgyum mt~cgft e}tdcanf a}m|ct gcamuct nm ~mamu }ac `a~mucdd`a yufn}d~`|c

dfa mb yeb`df (Bc \caj}cun`c" < nm k}b`f nm 5933)!

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9!999 (Bc \caj}cun`c" 3 nm cjft~f nm 5933)!

P bf ycucnk`df nm ~fnf mt~f mt s}m" tce`manf s}m dfgyfu~cutm nm mt~c gcamuc yuf|fdc mb

umdhc{f nm bft }t}cu`ft" ca tfa g}dhft bft yfb~`dft s}m t`j}ma }~`b`{canf bct umnmt eckf mt~m

malfs}m gmucgma~m yufycjcant~`df! Nmtjucd`cncgma~m cl`ugca Cbfatf p Cnmbb' bc gcpfuc

nm bft dcan`nc~ft }tca bct umnmt tfd`cbmt dfgf Lcdmeffo p ^z`~~mu dfgf t`gybmt gmn`ft ycuc

um~ucatg`~`u bc `alfugcd`a s}m s}`muma hcdmu bbmjcu cb mbmd~fucnf (5933; >0)! Nmtnm mb y}a~f

nm |`t~c lfugcb" }a yfb~`df s}m af t`j}m c acn`m f c g}p yfdct ymutfact c ~uc|t nm t} d}ma~c

ma ^z`~~mu f s}m tbf ~}`~mc ycuc mg`~`u t}t fy`a`famt f t} cjmanc nm cd~ft" t`a bbm|cu c dcef

`a~mucdd`a dfa }t}cu`ft" nmkc ma~um|mu pc s}m t} `a~mut af mt ~ca~f mb mtd}dhcu f nmec~`u dfa

bft d`}ncncaft t`af" gt e`ma" bca{cu nm lfugc }a`n`umdd`facb t}t gmatckmt!

Ma nml`a`~`|c" ^z`~~mu t}yfam yctcu nmb gfabfjf cb n`bfjf" }a n`bfjf ma mb s}m bct nft ycu~mt

ycu~`d`yca~mt ~`mama bct g`tgct yft`e`b`ncnmt nm `a~mucd~}cu! P mt~f mt yumd`tcgma~m bf s}m

jmamuc um~`dmad`ct ma~um cs}mbbft yfb~`dft s}m tm g}mt~uca umdmbftft nm ^z`~~mu (Lmuaanm{"

5933)! Ma mb lfanf" ~mgma s}m c ~uc|t nm mt~c |c y}mnca tmu du`~`dcnft" t`a ncutm d}ma~c nm

s}m mtft c~cs}mt s}`{t tm mt~a yufn}d`manf `j}cbgma~m c}as}m mbbft af mt~a! @adb}tf

y}mnm s}m cbj}`ma hcpc dumcnf }ac d}ma~c lcbtc dfa t} afgeum p tm mt~ nmn`dcanf c

t}ybca~cu t} `nma~`ncn ma ~faf dct` t`mgyum `ua`df f amjc~`|f!

Bc t`admu`ncn nm d}cbs}`mu n`bfjf mt~ yumd`tcgma~m ma af tcemu dgf |c c ~mug`acu mb

yufdmtf" t`manf dfatd`ma~mt nm s}m ~} fy`a`a `a`d`cb y}mnm tmu `adb}tf dcge`cnc c bc |`t~c nmbf s}m ~m mxyfam bc f~uc ycu~m" f ma af s}mumu ~mamubf ~fnf c~cnf nmtnm mb `a`d`f" dfgf t}mbm

fd}uu`u ma bct ma~um|`t~ct f nmec~mt ~mbm|`tcnft" nfanm bft ycu~`nft ycd~ca yum|`cgma~m hct~c

mb gt ga`gf nm~cbbm!

Mt~f af dcem ma ^z`~~mu" nfanm bft }t}cu`ft ~`mama dfgybm~c b`emu~cn ycuc n`u`j`utm ma yu`gmuc

ymutfac cb yfb~`df! P yumd`tcgma~m d}cbs}`mu `a~ma~f nm dmudmacu mtc b`emu~cn nmty`mu~c nm

lfugc c}~fg~`dc a}gmuftft umdmbft p du~`dct! Mt bf s}m fd}uu` ma Mj`y~f" d}canf mb

yumt`nma~m G}ecuco dfu~ mb cddmtf c ^z`~~mu p f~uct umnmt tfd`cbmt ycuc lumacu bct um|}mb~ct

s}m cdcecufa l`acbgma~m dfa t} gcanc~f! P }a `a~ma~f t`g`bcu l}m ca}ad`cnf ma cjft~f nm

5933 yfu mb yu`gmu g`a`t~uf eu`~a`df Nc|`n Dcgmufa" d}canf t}j`u` bc yft`e`b`ncn

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(yft~mu`fugma~m nmtdcu~cnc) nm ebfs}mcu bct umnmt ma dctft dfgf bft n`t~}ue`ft s}m tm

|`|`mufa ma mtct lmdhct ma Bfanumt p f~uct d`}ncnmt nmb yct (Mb G}anf" 35 nm cjft~f nm 5933)!

4!' Bft }t}cu`ft nm z`~~mu tfa bnmumt nm fy`a`a ma t}t ma~fuaft

D}canf }a yfb~`df tm g}mt~uc umdmbftf nm @a~muam~" t}mbm tcdcu c dfbcd`a s}m mt~m gmn`f

~fnc|c af umam bc c}n`mad`c nm bft ~ucn`d`facbmt p s}m" yfu ~ca~f" mt gmkfu af ymunmu g}dhfmb ~`mgyf ma cbjf s}m af ~`mam nmgct`cnf `gycd~f a}gu`dcgma~m hcebcanf! Mt~m cuj}gma~f"

clfu~}acncgma~m dcnc |m{ gmaft }t}cb c}as}m ca yumtma~m tfeum ~fnf ma ge`~ft bfdcbmt"

af nmkc nm ~mamu ycu~m nm uc{a" c}as}m bc ucy`nm{ dfa bc s}m m|fb}d`faca bct d`luct hcdm s}m

af tmc g}p cdfatmkcebm dfgf mt~uc~mj`c c tmj}`u!

Yfu d`~cu cbj}aft nc~ft" ma Mt~cnft ]a`nft mb

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P }ac b~`gc d}mt~`a ma umbcd`a c mt~m ymul`b nm }t}cu`f mt s}m pc af y}mnm dfat`nmucutm"

dfgf hcdm }aft cft" s}m mt~mgft tbf ca~m jma~m kf|ma! C}as}m bft ymul`bmt s}m

yumnfg`aca hfp nc ma mt~c umn tfa bft majbfecnft ma~um bft 5= p bft >9 cft" bc mxycat`a nmb

}tf nm @a~muam~ tm mt~ jmamucb`{canf pc ma ~fnft bft ~ucgft nm mncn" `adb}tf ma~um bft

gcpfumt nm ==" cbjf s}m `u c}gma~canf ma mb l}~}uf (]umc" 5933)!

>!' Mt }ac hmuucg`ma~c nm dfg}a`dcd`a `a~muac p jmamuc dfg}a`ncn

Bft ycu~`nft y}mnma }~`b`{cu ~cge`a ^z`~~mu dfgf |c nm dfg}a`dcd`a `a~muac dfa t}t

yufy`ft g`b`~ca~mt" t`gyc~`{ca~mt p tmj}`nfumt" s}m |ma dgf dfa mt~c hmuucg`ma~c y}mnma

tmu ca g}dhf gt yuf~cjfa`t~ct nm bc cdd`a yfb~`dc p s}m bft ycu~`nft bmt amdmt`~ca p

d}ma~ca dfa mbbft ycuc mb nmtcuufbbf nm bct dcgycct! P" t`a n}nc" mt~f bmt gf~`|c p bmt `gy}btc

ca gt ma t} bcefu" c bc |m{ s}m uml}mu{c t} tma~`g`ma~f nm `nma~`l`dcd`a dfa mb ycu~`nf p nm

`a|fb}ducutm cd~`|cgma~m c bc hfuc nm dfatmj}`u t}t fekm~`|ft!

^z`~~mu" yfu mkmgybf" y}mnm tmu|`u dfgf dcacb ycuc `adma~`|cu cyfu~cd`famt mdfag`dct ycuc

bct dcgycct" cbjf s}m Fecgc h`{f pc ma 5998" p ~cge`a mt mtymd`cbgma~m ~`b ycucn`tmg`acu p n`l}an`u bft gmatckmt dbc|m n}uca~m bct g`tgct p jmamucu dfuu`ma~mt nm fy`a`a!

^ucn`d`facbgma~m" bct lfugcd`famt yfb~`dct tfbca umg`~`u c t}t dcan`nc~ft gca}cbmt nm

dcgycc ma bft s}m nm~cbbceca bft cuj}gma~ft s}m yfnca }~`b`{cu n}uca~m bct mbmdd`famt! Dfa

bc bbmjcnc yu`gmuf nmb lcx" b}mjf nmb dfuumf mbmd~ua`df m `adb}tf ~cge`a nm bft gmatckmt

TGT" mt~c bcefu nm n`l}t`a nm gmatckmt jca ma `agmn`c~m{" ymuf mt~ct cdd`famt ca tm

n`u`jca c }a agmuf umn}d`nf nm nmt~`ac~cu`ft" jmamucbgma~m tbf bft dcan`nc~ft f cb~ft

dcujft! Dfa ^z`~~mu" mt~c bcefu nm n`l}t`a tm cgybc nm lfugc mxyfamad`cb" bbmjcanf hct~c mb

b~`gf g`b`~ca~m" s}m y}mnm umd`e`u mtft gmatckmt" }~`b`{cubft ma t}t ma~fuaft m" `adb}tf" hcdmu

bcefu nm yuftmb`~`tgf dfa t}t yufy`ft tmj}`nfumt ma mt~c umn c ~uc|t nmb um~}`~mf"

jmamuanftm }a mlmd~f dctdcnc s}m y}mnm bfjucu }ac cgyb`c yufycjcd`a ma g}p yfdf

~`mgyf" dfa }ac ucy`nm{ s}m tmuc `gymatcebm c ~uc|t nm d}cbs}`mu f~uf gmn`f! Dfgf cl`ugca

Dfajft~f" Lmuaanm{ p Gfuf" dcnc }t}cu`f ~`mam }ac dcycd`ncn nm yufycjcd`a yufyfud`facb

c t} agmuf nm tmj}`nfumt (lfbbfzmut)" ymuf mb gmatckm y}mnm tmu um~ucatg`~`nf (U^) yfu bft

lfbbfzmut nm t}t lfbbfzmut t`a a`aj}ac b`g`~cd`a" bf s}m hcdm nm ^z`~~mu }ac nm bct gcpfumt

l}ma~mt nm yufycjcd`a nm bc `alfugcd`a ma ~`mgyf umcb (5933; 35)!

Yfu ~ca~f" ^z`~~mu t`u|m ycuc gca~mamu `alfugcnft c bft yufy`ft g`b`~ca~mt p ycuc s}m t~ft" c

t} |m{" cd~ma dfgf dfuumc nm ~ucatg`t`a nm bft gmatckmt" c}gma~canf ct t} n`l}t`a p

ml`dcd`c! P mt~m yufdmtf af amdmtcu`cgma~m nmem tmu }a`n`umdd`facb" yfus}m }a dcan`nc~f f }a

ycu~`nf y}mnma ~cge`a um~}`~mcu bft dfgma~cu`ft nm t}t tmj}`nfumt!

Yfu f~uf bcnf" mt~ft amxft s}m tm dumca jucd`ct c mt~c umn y}mnma dfalfugcu ~cge`a

dfg}a`ncnmt ma~um bft yufy`ft tmj}`nfumt" jmamuanftm ct }ac gcpfu `a~mudfamx`a p

umbcd`a ma~um mbbft s}m tm ~ucn}dm `j}cbgma~m ma }ac gcpfu dcycd`ncn nm gf|`b`{cd`a" t` e`ma

tfeum mt~m y}a~f hcp c}~fumt s}m dumma s}m bft |ad}bft s}m tm dumca ma bct umnmt tfd`cbmt tfa

g}p ne`bmt p s}m" yfu ~ca~f" af ~`mama ~ca~f yfnmu gf|`b`{cnfu m `alb}mad`c dfgf bft s}m tm

jmamuca ma bc |`nc umcb (Jbcnzmbb" 5939)!

Ma d}cbs}`mu dctf" p tmja }a mt~}n`f tfeum mb }tf nm ^z`~~mu ma bct mbmdd`famt m}ufymct nm

5990" ycumdm s}m mt~ct l}ad`facb`ncnmt ycuc gf|`b`{cu c t}t t`gyc~`{ca~mt tfa }tcnct ma

gcpfu gmn`nc" cb gmaft ma mtft dfg`d`ft" yfu bft ycu~`nft nm `{s}`munc s}m yfu bft

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dfatmu|cnfumt p ~cge`a gt yfu s}`mamt mt~a ma bc fyft`d`a ma dfgycucd`a dfa s}`mamt

jfe`muaca (\mujmmu" Hmugcat , Tcgt" 5939)! Mt~f b~`gf tm dfgyufe ~cge`a ma }a `alfugm

nm Ymz tfeum bct mbmdd`famt ycud`cbmt cgmu`dcact nm 5939" ma bct s}m bc fyft`d`a umy}eb`dcac

l}m gt cd~`|c ma mb }tf nm ^z`~~mu s}m bft nmgduc~ct nmb yumt`nma~m Fecgc (CED" 5: nm

mamuf nm 5933)!

=!' ^z`~~mu mt pc mb gmn`f gt ymjcnf c bc cd~}cb`ncn

Cnmgt nm lc|fumdmu mb dfa~cd~f n`umd~f p mb n`bfjf dfa bft d`}ncncaft" ^z`~~mu ~`mam ~cge`a

}a dfgyfama~m `alfugc~`|f s}m bm dfal`mum g}dhf |cbfu ma ~ug`aft nm mt~uc~mj`c yfb~`dc p

mbmd~fucb!

P mt s}m mt~c umn tm hc dfa|mu~`nf ycuc g}dhft nm t}t }t}cu`ft ma }a gmn`f c ~uc|t nmb d}cb

mt~cu `alfugcnft nm bc cd~}cb`ncn! G}dhc jma~m umdfafdm pc s}m tm ma~muc nm bct af~`d`ct

ca~mt yfu ^z`~~mu s}m yfu d}cbs}`mu f~uf gmn`f nm dfg}a`dcd`a! Nm hmdhf" n`dm Fu`h}mbc s}m

~fnct bct af~`d`ct nm cbdcadm nm bft b~`gft cft hca cycumd`nf `a`d`cbgma~m ma ^z`~~mu

(5933; 0:)! P nm mbbf mt e}ma mkmgybf dgf }a ~}`~muf yco`t~ca" t`a tmu dfatd`ma~m nm bf s}mfd}uuc umcbgma~m" l}m mb yu`gmuf ma `alfugcu nm bc fymucd`a nmb mkud`~f mt~cnf}a`nmatm s}m

cdce dfa bc |`nc nm Ftcgc E`a Bcnma! Ymuf mt~m mkmgybf |c g}dhf gt cbb" yfus}m bc

umcb`ncn mt s}m d}cbs}`mu d`}ncncaf y}mnm dfa|mu~`utm ma acuucnfu nm hmdhft af~`d`ftft nm bft

s}m mt~ t`manf ~mt~`jf c ~uc|t nm ^z`~~mu p" dcnc |m{ dfa gt lumd}mad`c" dfat`j}ma

cnmbca~cutm ct c bft yufy`ft gmn`ft nm dfg}a`dcd`a c bc hfuc nm ncu bct mxdb}t`|ct!

Mt~c l}ad`a `alfugc~`|c mt~cec pc g}p yumtma~m ma~um bft yufy`ft dumcnfumt nm bc umn! Pc ma

5990" t} l}ancnfu" Kcdo Nfutmp" nmdc nm mbbc s}m af mt }ac umn tfd`cb" t`af }ac hmuucg`ma~c

nm dfg}a`dcd`a (J}~`uum{'U}e" 5933)! ]a `alfugm nm bc dfat}b~fuc JCN4" ncnf c dfafdmu

ma k}b`f nm 5933" chfancec ~cge`a ma mt~c yf~mad`cb`ncn" cb gft~ucu s}m }a ~f~cb nm ="=g`bbfamt nm mtycfbmt t`j}ma bft gmn`ft nm dfg}a`dcd`a c ~uc|t nm umnmt tfd`cbmt dfgf

Lcdmeffo (dct` 4 g`bbfamt) p ^z`~~mu (5">)" s}m mt bc umn s}m gt hcec dumd`nf ma mtm b~`gf

cf! Mt~ct d`luct ~`mama ca g}dhf umdfuu`nf" yfus}m bc umcb`ncn mt s}m" c ymtcu nm bft c|cadmt

mxymu`gma~cnft ma bft b~`gft cft" Mtycc mt ca }af nm bft yctmt dfa a`|mbmt gt eckft nm

ets}mnc nm `alfugcd`a yfb~`dc c ~uc|t nm @a~muam~ (Can}`{c" Dca~`kfdh , Du`t~cadhf" 5939)!

Ymuf t` nmd`gft s}m ~`mam ca umdfuu`nf mt c bc |`t~c nm bf s}m mt~ fd}uu`manf ma Mt~cnft

]a`nft" nfanm @a~muam~ hc t}ymucnf pc c bc yumatc ma 5939 dfgf yu`ad`ycb l}ma~m nm

`alfugcd`a ycuc bft d`}ncncaft (Mb Yct" 3> nm gcu{f nm 5933)" }ac ~manmad`c s}m yfnuc

dfatfb`ncutm ma Mtycc ~cge`a ma eum|m!

]ac nm bct |ma~ckct nm ^z`~~mu dfgf hmuucg`ma~c nm `alfugcd`a mt s}m ymug`~m tcb~cutm bct

ecuumuct s}m `gyfaca bft yufn}d~ft `alfugc~`|ft ~ucn`d`facbmt! Af hcdm lcb~c dfgyucu }a

ymu`n`df f n`tyfamu nm }a umdmy~fu nm ucn`f f nm ~mbm|`t`a ycuc dfafdmu bct af~`d`ct! A`

t`s}`muc tm amdmt`~c pc }a funmacnfu! Mb }tf nm mt~c umn tfd`cb tm hcdm nm lfugc yumlmuma~m c

~uc|t nm bft ~mblfaft g|`bmt" bf s}m ymug`~m bc dfat}b~c ma d}cbs}`mu gfgma~f p ma

d}cbs}`mu b}jcu! P" ma mt~m gcudf" mt t`ja`l`dc~`|f umdfuncu s}m bft mtycfbmt madcem{ca mb

cddmtf c umnmt tfd`cbmt c ~uc|t nmb g|`b ma M}ufyc (Mb Yct" 35 nm gcpf nm 5939)!

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^z`~~mu mt ~cge`a }a dc}dm ycuc jcacu yumtmad`c ma bft gmn`ft nm dfg}a`dcd`a ~ucn`d`facbmt

p jmamucu af~`d`ct" bf s}m af nmkc nm tmu f~uf lcd~fu ycuc ~mamubf ma d}ma~c ma bct mt~uc~mj`ct

nm dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc! Nme`nf c bc umymud}t`a dfa bc s}m d}ma~c ma bc cd~}cb`ncn" bft

gmn`ft yumt~ca g}dhc c~mad`a c ~fnf bf s}m tm n`dm ma ^z`~~mu" `adb}tf dfa tmdd`famt a}m|ct

dumcnct ycuc hcdmu mt~m tmj}`g`ma~f" yufn}d`anftm }a mlmd~f cb~c|f{ f umef~m" pc s}m

mtft gmn`ft cdceca y}eb`dcanf f mg`~`manf bf s}m t}dmnm ma bc Umn! Dcnc |m{ mt gt

lumd}ma~m" yfu mkmgybf" |mu af~`d`ct ectcnct ma bct nmdbcucd`famt nm }a yfb~`df c ~uc|t nm

t} d}ma~c nm ^z`~~mu!

Mt~c n`gmat`a yeb`dc nm bft ~}`~t" n`lmuma~m c bc yu`|cd`ncn nm bft gmatckmt s}m dcucd~mu`{c c

f~uct umnmt tfd`cbmt" dfgf yfu mkmgybf Lcdmeffo" hcdm s}m ~fnf bf s}m tm n`jc cs} tmc

~ucatg`~`nf dfgf t` tm hcebcuc ma |f{ cb~c ycuc s}m ~fnf mb g}anf bf f`jc (Dfajft~f"

Lmuaanm{ , Gfuf" 5933; 35)! Yfu mtf bft yfb~`dft hca nm ~mamu yumtma~m s}m bf s}m mtdu`ema

ma mt~m gmn`f y}mnm tmu y}eb`dcnf f mg`~`nf yfu bft ymu`fn`t~ct p s}m" yfu ~ca~f" af nmem

hcemu dfalb`d~ft ma~um t} fy`a`a ymutfacb p bc l}ad`a umyumtma~c~`|c s}m ft~ma~ca! Cb `j}cb

s}m ma }ac u}mnc nm yumatc ca~m bft gmn`ft nmema gmn`u t}t nmdbcucd`famt" bf g`tgf hceuanm hcdmu ma ^z`~~mu! Mt |muncn s}m mt~f y}mnm umt~cu ycu~m nm t`admu`ncn cb n`bfjf ce`mu~f

ma~um yfb~`dft p d`}ncncaft" ymuf bc umymud}t`a `alfugc~`|c s}m ~`mama bft ~}`~t hcdm

umdfgmancebmt d`mu~ct nft`t nm yu}nmad`c!

Mt~f mt mtymd`cbgma~m `gyfu~ca~m d}canf tm nmd`nm dfa~uc~cu c cbj}`ma ycuc bbm|cu }ac d}ma~c

nm }a yfb~`df f nm }a ycu~`nf" tce`manf s}m mt~c dfa~uc~cd`a nmem tmu umcb`{cnc

d}`ncnftcgma~m" yfus}m mtc ymutfac |c c tmu bc madcujcnc nm ~uctbcncu bc |f{ nm mtm yfb~`df

f nm mtm ycu~`nf c ~uc|t nm mt~m gmn`f p t}t muufumt tmua ct`g`bcnft uy`ncgma~m yfu mbbft

(C`uc" 5933)! ^cge`a hcp s}m tmu mtymd`cbgma~m d}`ncnftft c bc hfuc nm ma{cu{cutm ma

n`td}t`famt c ~uc|t nm mt~m gmn`f! C }a yfb~`df" yfu mkmgybf" kcgt tm bm fd}uu`uc `at}b~cu c}a d`}ncncaf f }a ymu`fn`t~c t`manf dfatd`ma~m nm s}m hcp }ac dgcuc nm ~mbm|`t`a jucecanf

bc mtdmac! P" t`a mgecujf" mt~f tm yufn}dm c |mdmt ma ^z`~~mu" dfgf bm fd}uu` cb yumt`nma~m nm

Ycacg" U`dcunf Gcu~`ambb`" d}pft `at}b~ft c }a ~}`~muf s}m bm hcec du`~`dcnf cdcecufa t`manf

af~`d`c ma ~fnf mb g}anf (Bc Mt~umbbc" 30 nm k}b`f nm 5933)! F ~cge`a cb dcan`nc~f T~}cu~

GcdBmaaca nmb Ycu~`nf Bcefu`t~c nm Mtdfd`c" s}m cuu}`a t} dcuumuc yfb~`dc cb y}eb`dcu |cu`ft

gmatckmt dfa bmaj}ckm flmat`|f ma ceu`b nm 5939" }a my`tfn`f s}m n`f fu`jma yumd`tcgma~m c bc

mxyumt`a t}`d`n`f ma ^z`~~mu (Fu`h}mbc 5933; 5=0)!

Mtymd`cb d}`ncnf nmema yumt~cu ~cge`a c bft yft`ebmt muufumt s}m tm dfgm~ma ma mt~c umn!

G}dhct |mdmt" bc ucy`nm{ `ahmuma~m c mt~m gmn`f hcdm s}m tm dfgm~ca lcb~ct nm fu~fjuclc"nmty`t~mt p muufumt s}m y}mnma jmamucu ma g}p yfdft g`a}~ft }ac dctdcnc nm dfgma~cu`ft

du~`dft s}m yfnuca m|`~cutm t` tm bmpmuca ga`gcgma~m bft ~}`~t ca~mt nm bca{cubft (Ymcutfa ,

FDfaambb" 5939? ]umc" 5933e)! G}dhft lcgftft hca t}lu`nf mt~f" ymuf ~cgyfdf bft yfb~`dft

mt~a mxma~ft! Mb cbdcbnm nm Tm|`bbc" K}ca @jacd`f [f`nf" mt }a mkmgybf nm mbbf! Mb 55 nm k}a`f nm

5933" ma umty}mt~c c }ac yumj}a~c tfeum bct ecanmuct s}m y}mnma fanmcu ma mb cp}a~cg`ma~f"

p ~uct t} amjc~`|c c s}m bf h`d`muc bc nmb gf|`g`ma~f jcp" dfgf t}dmnc ma bft gcanc~ft nmb

cbdcbnm tfd`cb`t~c ca~mu`fu" umtyfan`; Y}mnmt dumu~mbf" pf tfp hfglfef! Mb ms}`yf nm

[f`nf umcdd`fa uy`ncgma~m mxyb`dcanf s}m tm hcec fb|`ncnf nm mtdu`e`u AF nmbca~m nm

hfglfef" ymuf bc gmdhc pc mt~cec madman`nc! Bc umcdd`a nm bft ~}`~muft l}m `agmn`c~c p tm

nmtc~cufa a}gmuftft dfgma~cu`ft nm du~`dc! Cbjf t`g`bcu fd}uu` ~cge`a bft yu`gmuft nct nm

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bc d}ma~c IdfaU}ecbdcec" d}canf tm dfbcufa |cu`ft ~}`~t dfa lcb~ct nm fu~fjuclc" s}m bbm|cufa

c s}m ~}|`muca s}m n`td}bycutm yeb`dcgma~m" cdhcdcanf mtft lcbbft c bft amu|`ft nmb `a`d`f!

Ma mt~m g`tgf ge`~f" af tm nmem fb|`ncu ~cgyfdf bc yft`e`b`ncn s}m eu`anc mt~m gmn`f nm

gmkfucu bc umbcd`a dfa bft ymu`fn`t~ct! G`dhcmb Nfbbmp" ctmtfu nm dcgycc nm Nc|`n Dcgmufa"

dfat`nmuc s}m ^z`~~mu ~fnc|c cb`gma~c tbf cb |`bbckm yfb~`df; bft ymu`fn`t~ct t`j}ma c bftyfb~`dft" p bft ymu`fn`t~ct tm t`j}ma ma~um mbbft (CED" 5 nm k}a`f nm 5933)! Mt }ac umcb`ncn s}m"

hfp yfu hfp" ma mt~c umn hcp }ac cb~c dfadma~ucd`a nm yfb~`dft p dfg}a`dcnfumt p s}m"

yumd`tcgma~m yfu mt~m dcud~mu ytm}nf'manfjg`df" g}dhct nm bct dfa|mutcd`famt tm

gca~`mama ma~um mbbft! Af hcp gt s}m umdfuncu mb gf|`g`ma~f $t`ayumj}a~ctafdfemu~}uc"

s}m bfju gf|`b`{cu c }ac juca dca~`ncn nm ymu`fn`t~ct p s}m feb`j c bft yfb~`dft c yumtd`an`u

nm bct dfa|fdc~fu`ct t`a yumj}a~ct s}m ~ca hce`~}cbmt tm mt~ceca hcd`manf ma~um bft ycu~`nft

mtycfbmt!

T` tm ~uceckc e`ma" mt~c cb~c yumtmad`c nm `alfugcnfumt ma ^z`~~mu y}mnm ~cge`a umyfu~cu

emaml`d`ft" yfus}m lfgma~cu mb n`bfjf lb}`nf ma~um yfb~`dft p ymu`fn`t~ct c ~uc|t nm mt~c umn

bmt y}mnm dfalmu`u }ac `gcjma nm gcpfu ~ucatycumad`c p dmudcac! P mt~f mt cbjf s}m nmem

cyb`dcutm `j}cbgma~m c bft n`umd~fumt nm dfg}a`dcd`a p kmlmt nm yumatc nm ycu~`nft f

`at~`~}d`famt" s}m y}mnma ~mamu ma mt~m gmn`f f~uc |c ycuc gca~mamu mb dfa~cd~f p bc umbcd`a

dfa bft `alfugcnfumt" cbjf s}m mt l}ancgma~cb ma t} ~uceckf n`cu`f (Ufnuj}m{ Canut ,

]umc" 5998)!

Ymuf mt~m }tf nm ^z`~~mu" tmja c}~fumt dfgf Gmn|`d" y}mnm ma~uccu ~cge`a cbj}aft

u`mtjft" tfeum ~fnf d}canf bft yfb~`dft mgybmca mt~c umn tfd`cb gt ycuc umbcd`famt dfa bc

yumatc s}m ycuc dfg}a`dcutm dfa bft |f~ca~mt (5933; :8)!

:!' Cp}nc c bft yfb~`dft c ymatcu p hcebcu ma ~`~}bcumt p" yfu ~ca~f" c tmu gmkfumtyfu~c|fdmt

]af nm bft yu`gmuft dfatmkft s}m bft n`umd~fumt nm dfg}a`dcd`a" dfat}b~fumt p ctmtfumt

~ucatg`~ma c t}t t}ymu`fumt" e`ma tmca yfb~`dft f mgyumtcu`ft" mt bc amdmt`ncn nm tcemu

~uctbcncu t}t gmatckmt nm bc lfugc gt mlmd~`|c yft`ebm! P ma~um mtct umjbct nm fuf s}m

`gymuca ma bc dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc cd~}cb mt~ bc eum|mncn" mb hmdhf nm dfanmatcu ma yfdft

tmj}anft bct `nmct yu`ad`ycbmt s}m tm s}`muma bca{cu" mb hcebcu ma ~`~}bcumt" luctmt eum|mt"

dfad`tct p n`umd~ct s}m t`u|ca ycuc }a dfu~m nm ~mbm|`t`a f ucn`f f ycuc }a ~`~}bcu nm ymu`n`df

(Ufnuj}m{ Canut , ]umc" 5998)!

P ma mt~f ^z`~~mu mt }a mxdmbma~m dcgyf nm yu}mect ycuc bft yfb~`dft! Bc amdmt`ncn nm hcebcut`j}`manf bc dbt`dc mt~u}d~}uc nm t}km~f" |muef p yumn`dcnf" t`a lbfu`~}uct n`cbd~`dct p t`a

ufnmft `aamdmtcu`ft" p m|`~canf bmaj}ckmt maum|mtcnft f nmgct`cnf e}ufdu~`dft" mt cbjf s}m

hcp s}m yfamu ma yud~`dc ma ^z`~~mu" nfanm bc b`g`~cd`a nm bft 3>9 dcucd~mumt yfu gmatckm mt

}ac ecuumuc `alucas}mcebm s}m feb`jc c bft yfb~`dft c hcebcu nm mt~c gcamuc!

]a mkmgybf dfadum~f nm mt~f mt dgf mtm bg`~m s}m `gyfam ^z`~~mu tm dfuumtyfanm g}p e`ma

dfa bc n}ucd`a s}m ~`mama hfp nc bft tf}an'e`~mt f dfu~mt nm nmdbcucd`famt ma bft

`alfugc~`|ft nm ucn`f p ~mbm|`t`a! T` mt~ft lucjgma~ft" ma bft cft

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yf~mad`c mb s}m bft yfb~`dft cyumanca c hcebcu ma ~`~}bcumt ycuc dcy~cu bc c~mad`a nm bft

gmn`ft!

Ma bc dfg}a`ncn cdcng`dc c |mdmt tm hc du`~`dcnf s}m mt~c eum|mncn s}m `gymuc hfp nc ma mb

n`td}utf yfb~`df" nmu`|cnc ma e}mac gmn`nc nm bc l}mu{c nm bc ~mbm|`t`a" ~`mam mlmd~ft

amjc~`|ft yfus}m bf t`gyb`l`dc ma mxdmtf (Yft~gca" 3003? Nmb Ump Gfuc~" 300:)! P tm yfnucma~manmu s}m mt~c du~`dc tmuc cyb`dcebm ~cge`a c ^z`~~mu! Ymuf af hcp s}m fb|`ncu s}m mt~m

gmn`f y}mnm tmu|`u dfgf y}mu~c nm ma~ucnc c f~uct ybc~clfugct" y}mt~f s}m bft ~}`~t y}mnma

dfa~mamu mabcdmt c yj`act zme" ebfjt" lf~fjuclct f |nmft nfanm bct `nmct dfanmatcnct ma

mtft dcucd~mumt c gfnf nm ~`~}bcu tfa nmtcuufbbcnct dfa gcpfu yufl}an`ncn! P s}m mt~c

yf~mad`cb`ncn mt dcnc |m{ gt }tcnc tm dfgyu}mec cb |mu dgf bct umnmt tfd`cbmt tfa pc" ~uct

bft gf~fumt nm ets}mnc" bc yu`ad`ycb l}ma~m nm ~ul`df nm |`t`~ct hcd`c bct yj`act zme (Ncat"

5933)!

^z`~~mu t}yfam ~cge`a }a b~`gf dcge`f ma bc lfugc nm dfat~u}`u mb gmatckm yfb~`df" s}m

~`mam s}m |mu dfa mb ymtf s}m tm dfadmnm c bct `gjmamt p c bct ycbceuct c bc hfuc nm n`u`j`utm c

bft d`}ncncaft ycuc ymn`u mb |f~f! Dfa lumd}mad`c" bft dfat}b~fumt yfb~`dft cymbca c bct

`gjmamt" tfeum ~fnf yfu t} yfnmu mgfd`facb" dfgf bc |c gt mlmd~`|c ycuc bbmjcu c bc jma~m m

`alb}`u ct ma t} dfgyfu~cg`ma~f" ma~man`manf s}m t~m ~fgc t}t nmd`t`famt gt dfa mb

dfuc{a s}m dfa bc dcem{c! Nm mt~c lfugc" bc cymbcd`a c bft tma~`g`ma~ft tm hc dfa|mu~`nf ma

hce`~}cb tfeum ~fnf ma mb gmn`f ~mbm|`t`|f" ma nfanm bct `gjmamt hca t}t~`~}`nf c bct ycbceuct

dfgf yu`ad`ycb |mhd}bf nm bc dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc (Tcu~fu`" 3008)!

Ymuf" dfgf cl`ugc Yum{ Bc~um (5939)" hcp pc s}`ma dfat`nmuc s}m ^z`~~mu p" ma jmamucb" bct

umnmt tfd`cbmt" mt~a ymug`~`manf |fb|mu ma d`mu~c gmn`nc c mtc d}b~}uc nm bc ycbceuc mtdu`~c"

ma bc gmn`nc ma s}m mt~ft gmn`ft tm t}t~ma~ca ma mb nmec~m" c}as}m tfa dfatd`ma~mt nm s}m

ca af hca dfatmj}`nf nfebmjcu c bc d}b~}uc |`t}cb `gy}mt~c yfu bc ~mbm|`t`a! Ma bc gmn`nc ma

s}m @a~muam~ |cpc jmamucb`{anftm p c}gma~m t} agmuf nm }t}cu`ft" mt~m mlmd~f yfnu tmu

ca g}dhf gt nmt~cdcnf p tm yfnuc `u" yfu ~ca~f" c }a gfnmbf nm dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc ma

mb s}m af tbf `gymuma bct `gjmamt c bc hfuc nm ~uctbcncu bft gmatckmt p yufy}mt~ct c bft

d`}ncncaft!

8!' H}gca`{c c bft yfb~`dft p c}gma~c bc mgyc~c hcd`c mbbft

Bc bbmjcnc nm bc ~mbm|`t`a t}y}tf }a dcge`f ~uctdmanma~m ma bc lfugc ma bc s}m bft d`}ncncaft

dfat`nmuceca c bft yfb~`dft! Ca~mt" bc yfb~`dc muc cbjf cet~ucd~f! G}p yfdct ymutfact dfafdca

c bft bnmumt nm bct `at~`~}d`famt f bft ycu~`nft! Dfa bc `uu}yd`a nmb gmn`f ~mbm|`t`|f" bc yfb~`dc

tm ymutfacb`{" y}mt~f s}m bft bnmumt yctcufa c ~mamu uft~uf p bc jma~m dfgma{ c

lcg`b`cu`{cutm dfa mbbft (Tdhzcu~{maemuj" 30:8)!

Ma mt~m dfa~mx~f" bft ctmtfumt mgym{cufa c |mu s}m bc ymutfacb`{cd`a nm bc yfb~`dc `gyfac

a}m|ct lfugct nm ~uctbcncu bft gmatckmt p s}m bc `gcjma f mb dcu`tgc nm bft bnmumt muc }a

lcd~fu s}m dfa~u`e}c ~cge`a c bc mt~uc~mj`c nm dcgycc p c }a yft`ebm un`~f ma bct }uact

(Emuufdcb" 5994)! P ct" hfp nc" ma }ac yfdc nfg`acnc ca yfu bc yu`gcdc nm bc ~mbm|`t`a"

dfa~cu dfa }a bnmu dmudcaf" dfa e}mac `gcjma" s}m ~ucatg`~c dfal`ca{c p dfa mb s}m bc jma~m

tm y}mnc `nma~`l`dcu mt }a |cbfu g}p dfat`nmucnf!

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Mb bnmu pc af mt tbf }ac jmt~`a" f }act `nmct f }a yufpmd~f yfb~`df! Mb bnmu mt ~cge`a }ac

`gcjma ymutfacb p" yfu mt~m gf~`|f" ncu c dfafdmu nm~cbbmt nm t} |`nc yu`|cnc p lcg`b`cu mt }a

umd}utf dcnc |m{ gt }tcnf" p af tbf ma Mt~cnft ]a`nft! Dfafdmgft t}t cl`d`famt" t}t

hfee`mt" t} `alcad`c Bmt |mgft cdfgyccnft nm t}t ycumkct p nm t}t h`kft f yucd~`dcanf t}t

nmyfu~mt lc|fu`~ft Aft mxyfama nm~cbbmt nm t} yctcnf" tfeum ~fnf t` mt hmuf`df f mkmgybcu"

s}m aft cp}nca c yufpmd~cu }ac tmatcd`a mgfd`facb nm mgyc~c

Yfu ~ca~f" dfgf tcema e`ma bft dfat}b~fumt" ma bc dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc cd~}cb tm lfgma~c mb

dfafd`g`ma~f nm bft bnmumt af tbf dfgf yfb~`dft t`af ~cge`a dfgf ymutfact! P mt~f g`tgf

y}mnm tmu ~uctyctcnf c ^z`~~mu" nfanm bft yfb~`dft gt tmj}`nft" yfu mkmgybf" af tm b`g`~ca c

hcebcu tbf nm yfb~`dc t`af s}m nmkca ma~um|mu fy`a`famt p ctymd~ft nm t} |`nc ymutfacb s}m

cdceca t`manf nmb `a~mut nm bft ~}`~muft (Ymcutfa , FDfaambb" 5939)! Bc yumt`nma~c cujma~`ac

Du`t~`ac Lmuaanm{ nm O`udhamu" yfu mkmgybf" n`f c dfafdmu c ~uc|t nm ^z`~~mu ma k}b`f nm 5933

s}m `ec c tmu ce}mbc" }ac af~`d`c s}m cdce t`manf ^uman`aj ^fy`d c a`|mb g}an`cb ma g}p

yfdct hfuct! Mb |mam{fbcaf H}jf Dh|m{ hc `nf nm~cbbcanf ~cge`a ma ^z`~~mu mb nmtcuufbbf nm

t} ~uc~cg`ma~f dfa~uc mb dadmu! F~uft umdfg`manca b`euft f ymbd}bct" hcebca nm b}jcumt fgfa}gma~ft s}m hca |`t`~cnf" dfgma~ca t}t cl`d`famt f hcdma eufgct p dh`t~mt" ~cb dfgf

umdfgmancec mb YTFM ma mb nmdbfjf tfeum mb }tf nm ^z`~~mu s}m n`l}an` ma~um t}t dcan`nc~ft

ma bct mbmdd`famt g}a`d`ycbmt p c}~fag`dct nm 5933 (Mb Yct" 5= nm ceu`b nm 5933)!

Nm mt~c lfugc" ^z`~~mu lc|fumdm s}m bft yfb~`dft y}eb`d`~ma mt~c tmu`m nm nm~cbbmt s}m

dfa~u`e}pma c h}gca`{cubmt p c ycumdmu gt dmudcaft" cbjf mtymd`cbgma~m `gyfu~ca~m ma }ac

yfdc ma bc s}m mt~a ~ca gcb |cbfucnft yfu bc fy`a`a yeb`dc p hcp }ac dumd`ma~m nmtclmdd`a

hcd`c mbbft!

Ncu c dfafdmu s} hcdma bft yfb~`dft umtyfanm l`mbgma~m c bc lfug}bcd`a nm bc yumj}a~c s}m

nml`ac ma t}t fujmamt c mt~c umn tfd`cb (Zhc~ cum pf} nf`aj6 S} mt~t hcd`manf6)! Mt~c

|`t`a tm ck}t~c c }ac nm bct l}ad`famt nm ^z`~~mu cy}a~cnct yfu FUm`bbp p G`bt~m`a (5990)" s}m

nmafg`aca dfgf lcg`b`cu`ncn cge`ma~cb! Tmja mt~c l}ad`a" ^z`~~mu ymug`~m cddmnmu c

nm~cbbmt nm bc |`nc df~`n`cac nm }a gfnf s}m hct~c chfuc muc `gymatcebm" lcd`b`~canf c bft

tmj}`nfumt cbdca{cu }a a`|mb nm mgyc~c s}m yfnuc ct`g`bcutm" tmja t} fy`a`a" cb nm bct

mxymu`mad`ct s}m tm dfgycu~ma ma bc |`nc umcb" ymuf dfa bc |ma~ckc nm bbmjcu c }a |fb}gma nm

ymutfact s}m tmuc `gymatcebm lt`dcgma~m! Ma ycbceuct nm Ncat" mb lmagmaf ^z`~~mu tfbf

y}mnm tmu ma~man`nf yfu cs}mbbft s}m bf hca yufecnf; nm ma~ucnc" bc `nmc nm mtdu`e`u bf s}m

}af mt~ hcd`manf ma }a gx`gf nm 3>9 dcucd~mumt t}mac ecacb" `adb}tf cet}unf ycuc g}dhc

jma~m" ucpcaf ma mb mxh`e`d`fa`tgf! T`a mgecujf" cns}`mum ybmaf tma~`nf d}canf tm yufn}dmma dfgycc nm f~uft; nm umyma~m" bct umbcd`famt ma~um ymutfact yctca c cns}`u`u }ac

tmatcd`a nm yufx`g`ncn cetfb}~c" `adb}tf d}canf tm nmtcuufbbca c g`bmt nm o`bgm~uft nm

n`t~cad`c (5939; 53:)!

Mt~f umceum }af nm bft gt dbt`dft nmec~mt s}m hcp ma ^z`~~mu ma ~fuaf c bct d}ma~ct nm bft

yfb~`dft! Nmema tmu mbbft g`tgft s}`mamt bct gca~majca ycuc jcuca~`{cu mtc tmatcd`a nm

yufx`g`ncn p mgyc~c6 Tmja Fu`h}mbc" t~m mt }af nm bft yu`ad`ycbmt nmtclft c bft s}m tm

maluma~ca bft yfb~`dft c bc hfuc nm bca{cutm c mt~c umn (5933; 09)! T`a mgecujf" dummgft s}m

af tm nmem nmgfa`{cu" dfgf c |mdmt tm hcdm" s}m hcpc }a ms}`yf nm ctmtfumt nm~ut nmb

^z`~~mu nm }a dcan`nc~f! Mt cbjf s}m af nmemuc tmu du`~`dcnf" dfgf ~cgyfdf bf mt" yfu

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mkmgybf" s}m af tmca mbbft g`tgft s}`mamt mbcefuma t}t n`td}utft f yumycuma t}t cu~d}bft! Ma

mt~m dctf bf gt uc{facebm mt s}m tm tmc t`admuf dfa bft d`}ncncaft p s}m" t` af mt }ac d}ma~c

ymutfacb" tm umdfaf{dc ma mb yufy`f ymul`b s}m mt ~ca~f nmb yfb~`df dfgf nm t} ms}`yf (]umc"

5933e)! Fecgc" yfu mkmgybf" dum }a dn`jf mtymd`cb ma bc yumdcgycc nm bct mbmdd`famt nm

5935 ycuc s}m bft ~}`~muft umdfafd`muca d}anf mtdu`ec b ymutfacbgma~m" yfa`manf cb l`acb

nmb ~}`~ bct `a`d`cbmt nm t} afgeum E!F! Bf g`tgf h`{f mb dcan`nc~f nmb YTFM Cblumnf Yum{

U}ecbdcec dfa t} d}ma~c ma bc dcgycc nm bct mbmdd`famt nm 5933 (ma mt~m dctf" l`ugcec dfa

UeDe) p ~cge`a mb yfy}bcu Gcu`caf Uckfp (dfa GU)!

Bf s}m tm nmema m|`~cu ma mt~ft dctft tfa bft cacdufa`tgft f s}m ~m y`bbma ma }a uma}ad`f! Mt

nmd`u" af y}mnm fd}uu`u s}m nmt bc `gcjma nm s}m mumt ~ ymutfacbgma~m s}`ma gca~`mam bc

d}ma~c p b}mjf dfgm~ct muufumt s}m ymug`~ca c bc jma~m dfgyufecu s}m af mt ct! Mt~f bm

t}dmn` c bc bnmu nm ]YpN" Uftc Nm{" d}canf mt~canf ma n`umd~f ma }ac ma~um|`t~c ma ^\M t}

d}ma~c nm ^z`~~mu tmj}c bca{canf gmatckmt" ma ~mfuc mtdu`~ft yfu mbbc! Cbj}`ma tm ymudc~ p

ma g}p yfdft g`a}~ft tm jmamu }ac juca cd~`|`ncn ma mt~m gmn`f yfa`manf cb nmtd}e`mu~f

mt~m hmdhf (Lmuaanm{" 5933)!

0!' Mt }a ~muggm~uf tfd`cb

T}mbm tmu }a b}jcu dfga nmd`u s}m bft yfb~`dft af ~`mama ma d}ma~c bct amdmt`ncnmt umcbmt nm

bc jma~m p" cb ~`mgyf" s}m }~`b`{ca bft tfanmft ycuc ~fgcu tbf cs}mbbct nmd`t`famt s}m bmt

jucakmma mb gmafu umdhc{f yft`ebm ma~um bft mbmd~fumt! P mt ct dgf tm hc hcebcnf ma n`|mutct

fdct`famt nm bc ~`ucac nm bct mad}mt~ct ycuc nml`a`u mt~c t`~}cd`a ma bc s}m bft yfb~`dft

t}t~ma~ca t}t yu`ad`ycbmt gmn`nct ma mb a`|mb nm umtycbnf yfy}bcu s}m ~manua c bc |`t~c nm bf

s}m n`jca bft tfanmft (@aamucu`~p" 599

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mt~c umn ycuc yumnmd`u yft`ebmt n`t~}ue`ft p yfnmu ca~`d`ycutm c mbbft (Bc \caj}cun`c" 33 nm

cjft~f nm 5933)! P ma mb ge`~f dfadum~f nm bct dcgycct mbmd~fucbmt" tm hca bbm|cnf c dcef pc

n`|mutft mt~}n`ft mgyu`dft s}m cl`ugca s}m bc d`ud}bcd`a nm gmatckmt p gmad`famt ma

^z`~~mu y}mnm yumnmd`u bft umt}b~cnft nm }act mbmdd`famt dfa }ac l`ce`b`ncn t`g`bcu c bc nm bft

tfanmft ~ucn`d`facbmt" t` e`ma mt~c bamc nm ~uceckf mt ca g}p `ad`y`ma~m p hceu s}m mtymucu c

l}~}uft cab`t`t ycuc dfuufefucu mt~m yfnmu (B`|am" T`ggfat" Cncu , Cncg`d" 5933? ^}gctkca"

Tyumajmu" Tcanamu , Zmbym" 5939? Jcpf'C|mbbf" Gm~cxct , G}t~clcuck" 5933)!

Bc |f{ nm bc dcbbm nm bc s}m |ma`gft hcebcanf y}mnm cdcecu t`manf umlbmkcnc ma ^z`~~mu ma

lfugc nm Hcth~cjt f ^uman`aj ^fy`dt (^^)" s}m y}mnma hcdmu |mu c bft ycu~`nft hcdc nanm tm

n`u`jm bc fy`a`a yeb`dc (Gccac" 5933)! Cnmgt" p dfgf tm d`~ ca~mu`fugma~m" af hcp s}m

fb|`ncu s}m" ~ma`manf ma d}ma~c bc c~mad`a gmn`~`dc s}m hcp tfeum ^z`~~mu" mt~ft

gf|`g`ma~ft nm fy`a`a cdceca bbmjcanf g}dhct |mdmt c bft gmn`ft ~ucn`d`facbmt" dfa bf s}m

t} umymud}t`a c}gma~c ca gt! Ma mb lfanf" tm yfnuc nmd`u s}m mt~c umn mt~ dfa~u`e}pmanf

~cge`a c bft yft~}bcnft nm bc dfuu`ma~m nmafg`acnc ymu`fn`tgf d|`df" s}m nmtnm hcdm

cft ~uc~c nm um`|`an`dcu s}m bc dfemu~}uc `alfugc~`|c nm bct mbmdd`famt p" ma jmamucb" nm bcyfb~`dc" mt~ gt dma~ucnc ma bft ~mgct s}m umcbgma~m `a~mumtca c bft d`}ncncaft ma |m{ nm

ma bft ct}a~ft f ma bct cjmanct s}m s}`muma `gyfamu bft ycu~`nft (Mdhcu~ , Dcamb" 5999)!

]a e}ma mkmgybf nmb cb~c|f{ gmn`~`df s}m t}yfam ^z`~~mu nm mtm tma~`u yfy}bcu bf

madfa~ucgft ma bct um|}mb~ct nm ^am{" Mj`y~f" T`u`c f B`e`c" ma bct yuf~mt~ct dfa~uc

Chgcn`amkcn ~uct bct mbmdd`famt `ucamt nm 5990 f dfa~uc Y}~`a ma bct u}tct nm 5933" ma mb

gf|`g`ma~f nmb 3=G ma Mtycc" ma bct um|}mb~ct nm bc dfg}a`ncn }a`|mut`~cu`c nm Dh`bm" bft

`an`jacnft nm @tucmb f ma bft n`t~}ue`ft nm Bfanumt ma cjft~f nm 5933 (Dhc~`bbcun" 5933)! P

~cge`a dgf bc yumt`a c ~uc|t nm mt~m gmn`f h`{f s}m bft ycu~`nft n`muca gcudhc c~ut ma

t} nmd`t`a nm s}m bft m}ufn`y}~cnft t`j}`muca |`ckcanf ma yu`gmuc dbctm ma gmn`f nm bc du`t`tmdfag`dc" }ac gmn`nc s}m nmtymu~ }ac c}~a~`dc um|fb}d`a ~}`~muc eckf mb hcth~cj nm

$m}ufn`y}~cnftdcucn}uct! F ma dgf mb Jfe`muaf nm Kft B}`t Ufnuj}m{ [cyc~muf mdh c~ut

bc Bmp T`anm yfu ~mgfu c bc umcdd`a nm bft `a~muac}~ct! C gfnf nm cadnf~c" tm y}mnm ccn`u c

mt~c b`t~c s}m" nm hcemu fd}uu`nf ma bc cd~}cb`ncn" bc gf|`b`{cd`a nm gmatckmt TGT s}m tm

yufn}kf mb nc nm umlbmx`a nm bct mbmdd`famt mtycfbct nm 599>" ~uct bft c~ma~cnft nmb 33G" tm

h}e`muc ~uctbcncnf hfp nc dct` dfa ~fnc tmj}u`ncn c ^z`~~mu!

Fu bc |f{ nm bc dcbbm mt cbjf s}m bft yfb~`dft nmema `a~mu`fu`{cu dfgf amdmtcu`f ycuc tmu

gmkfumt jmt~fumt" c}a d}canf c |mdmt bmt bbm|m c ~mamu s}m umd~`l`dcu! Dfa lumd}mad`c" g}dhft

jfemuaca~mt t}mbma ufnmcutm nm dcgcu`bbct s}m af hcdma t`af cn}bcubmt p nmd`ubmt c ~fnf s}mt! Mb lcgftf tanufgm nm bc Gfadbfc nmb s}m ~ca~ct |mdmt tm hc hcebcnf ma a}mt~uf yct mt

}ac e}mac g}mt~uc nm mbbf! Bct umnmt tfd`cbmt dfgf ^z`~~mu ymug`~ma c bft yfb~`dft tmu gt

dmudcaft c bct nmgcanct umcbmt nm bc jma~m p mtd}dhcu umcbgma~m s} mt bf s}m y`matca nm

mbbft p nm t} ~uceckf! P" nm hmdhf" dcnc |m{ mt gt lumd}ma~m |mu c yfb~`dft s}m ~}`~mca

yufy}mt~ct f ybcamt s}m ~`mama ymatcnf mkmd}~cu ycuc s}m bft d`}ncncaft bmt ma|ma t}t

y}a~ft nm |`t~c p t}jmumad`ct" dumcanf ct }a juca euc`at~fug`aj ma mb s}m dfa~cu dfa bc

ycu~`d`ycd`a nm bc fy`a`a yeb`dc ma bc ~fgc nm nmd`t`famt!

39!' Cp}nc c jcacu mbmdd`famt6

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3)! C yfb`~`dcb dcgyc`ja gmttcjm a 3>9 dhcucd~mut fu bmtt; ~hm }tm fl z`~~muep ]!T! Tmac~m Dcan`nc~mt `a 5939! Tfd`cb Td`madm Umtmcudh Am~zfuo! Mx~ucnf mb 5 nm tmy~`mgeum" 5933 nm;h~~y;&&ttua!dfg&cet~ucd~73:5=>::!

Can}`{c" M!" Dca~`kfdh" G! , Du`t~cadhf" D! (5939)! Bft d`}ncncaft p mb }tf nm @a~muam~ ma bc dcgyccmbmd~fucb! Ma Gfa~muf" K!U! p Bcjf" @! (Mnt!)" Bct mbmdd`famt jmamucbmt nm 5998 (yy! 354'3>5)! Gcnu`n; D@T!

Emct" N! (5933)! Bc um`a|mad`a nm bc yfb~`dc; Fecgc" @a~muam~ p bc a}m|c mtlmuc yeb`dc! Ecudmbfac; Ymaat}bc!Emuufdcb" T! (5994)! Bc ymutfacb`{cd`a ma bc yfb~`dc! Ma Emuufdcb" T! (Dffun!)" Dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc ma

~mbm|`t`a p a}m|ft gmn`ft (yy! ==':0)! Ecudmbfac; Cu`mb!Efzbmu! T! , Lcuumbb" N! (5999)! ^hm a~muac~`facb`{c~`fa fl dcgyc`ja dfat}b~cadp! Ma h}uemu" K!C! , Ambtfa" D!

(Mnt!)" Dcgyc`ja zcuu`fut; yfb`~`dcb dfat}b~ca~t a mbmd~`fat (yy! 3=4'3:>)! Zcth`aj~fa; Euffo`ajt @at~`~}~`faYumtt!

Dcbnmua" D! , Bfuma{f" T! (Dffun!) (5939)! Fyma jf|muagma~" Jfe`muaf ce`mu~f! Cbdcb bc Umcb; Cbja!Dcbnm|`bbc Nfgaj}m{" N! (5990)! Nmgfducd`c 5!9; bc yfb~`dc tm `a~ufn}dm ma bct umnmt tfd`cbmt! Ymatcu bc

Y}eb`d`ncn" @@@" 5" 43'>8!Dhc~`bbcun" J! (5933" Cjft~f 39)! ^}`~muft nm ~fnf mb g}anf" }aft# Mb G}anf!Dfajft~f" G!B!" Lmuaanm{" G! , Gfuf Mj`nf" M! (5933)! ^z`~~mu p Yfb~`dc; @alfugcd`a" Fy`a`a p

Yumn`dd`a6 D}cnmuaft nm Dfg}a`dcd`a M|fdc" > (Dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc 5!9)" lmeumuf " 39'3=!Ncnmu" K!B! (5994)! D`emunmgfducd`c p dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc |`u~}cb! Ma Emuufdcb Jfa{cbf" T! (Mn!)"

Dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc ma ~mbm|`t`a p a}m|ft gmn`ft (yy! 490'4>5)! Ecudmbfac; Cu`mb!Ncnmu" K!B! (5990)! D`emuyfb~`dc ma bft zmet`~mt nm ycu~`nft yfb~`dft; bc mxymu`mad`c nm bct mbmdd`famt nm

5998 ma Mtycc ca~m bct ~manmad`ct ~ucatacd`facbmt! Um|`t~c nm Tfd`fbfj`c m Yfb~`dc" 3:" 4>" >='

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Lmuaanm{" B! (5933" Gcpf nmcjft~f" 5933 nm; h~~y;&&ebfjt!bc`alfugcd`fa!dfg&~z`~~mu'ebfj&5933&9=&9Jcpf'C|mbbf" N!" Gm~cxct" Y!^! , G}t~clcuck" M! (5933)! B`g`~t fl mbmd~fucb yumn`d~`fat }t`aj ^z`~~mu! Ma

Yufdmmn`ajt fl ~hm L`lh~ @a~muac~`facb Dfalmumadm fa Zmebfjt can Tfd`cb Gmn`c (yy! >09'>04)!Zcth`aj~fa N!D!; CCC@ Yumtt!

Jbcnzmbb" G! (5939" Fd~}eum >)! Tgcbb dhcajm; zhp ~hm um|fb}~`fa af~ em ~zmm~mn! ^hm Amz Pfuomu"Mx~ucnf mb 3= nm tmy~`mgeum" 5933 nm;h~~y;&&zzz!amzpfuomu!dfg&umyfu~`aj&5939&39&9>&39399>lcVlcd~Vjbcnzmbb6d}uuma~Ycjm7cbb

Jfa{cbf" G! C! (5990)! T`~}cd`a nm bc ebfjftlmuc ycubcgma~cu`c! Um|`t~c nm bct Dfu~mt Jmamucbmt" :)! ^hm yfb`~`dt fl @a~muam~ dfgg}a`dc~`fa! Bcahcg; Ufzgca , B`~~bml`mbn Y}eb`thmut!Bcofll" J! (599:)! Af y`matmt ma }a mbmlca~m; bmaj}ckm p nmec~m yfb~`df ! Gcnu`n; Mn! Dfgyb}~matm!Bc~hufy" N! , U}gc" B! (Mnt!) (5939)! Fyma Jf|muagma~! Tmect~fyfb; FUm`bbp!B`|am" C!" T`ggfat" G!Y!" Cncu" M! , Cncg`d" B!C! (5933)! ^hm ycu~p `t f|mu hmum; t~u}d~}um can dfa~ma~ `a

~hm 5939 mbmd~`fa! Ma Yufdmmn`ajt fl ~hm L`lh~ @a~muac~`facb Dfalmumadm fa Zmebfjt can Tfd`cb Gmn`c (yy! 593'598)! Zcth`aj~fa N!D!; CCC@ Yumtt!

Gccumo" Y! K! (5933)! Dcgyc`ja Dfgg}a`dc~`fa can Yfb`~`dcb Gcuom~`aj ! Fxlfun; Kfha Z`bmp can Tfat!Gcad`a`" Y! (300=)! Cgmu`dca`{cd`a p gfnmua`{cd`a; eum|m h`t~fu`c nm bc dcgycc mbmd~fucb! Ma G}f{

Cbfatf" C! , Ufty`u" K!@! (N`u!)" Dfg}a`dcd`a yfb~`dc (yy! 3>3'3

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Yum{ Bc~um" L!K! (5939)! Bct a}m|ct umnmt tfd`cbmt; gfnc f um|fb}d`a6 A}mt~uf ^`mgyf" mamuf&lmeumuf"=5' nm cjft~f" 5933 nm;

2h~~y;&&zzz!}fd!mn}&`ny&:&n~&mty&ymp~`e`Vufnu`j}m{Vj}~`muum{!ynl1Y`td`~mbb`" C! (5933)! Yubfjf; ^z`~~mu" bc um|fb}d`a p bft malfs}mt a`'a`! Ma Fu`h}mbc" K!B!" G}anf ^z`~~mu

(yy! 3='59)! Ecudmbfac; Cb`ma~c!Ybcttmu" L! (5999)! Cgmu`dca dcgyc`ja ~mdha`s}mt zfubnz`nm! Yumtt&Yfb`~`dt" =" >" 44'=>!Yft~gca" A! (3003)! N`|mu~`utm hct~c gfu`u; mb n`td}utf yeb`df ma bc muc nmb thfz e}t`amtt! Ecudmbfac;

Mn`d`famt nm bc ^mgymt~cn!Ufnuj}m{ Canut" U! , ]umc" N! (5998)! Bft jce`am~mt nm yumatc nm `at~`~}d`famt yfb~`dct dfgf

dfal`j}ucnfumt nm bc cjmanc gmn`~`dc! Ma K}ucnf Gcu~a" G! , Dcu|ckcb Yu`m~f" G! (Mnt!)" Bc cus}`~md~}uc nmbc alfugcd`a (yy! 3::'38=)! G}ud`c; NG!

Tcu~fu`" J! (3008)! Hfgf |`nmat! Gcnu`n; c}u}t!Tdhzcu~{maemuj" U!J! (30:8)! Mb thfz yfb`~`df; matcpf tfeum" p dfa~uc" mb t~cu'tpt~mg ma yfb~`dc! Ecudmbfac;

Nfymtc!

Tmbafz" J!Z! (3008)! Mbmd~ufa`d zh`t~bm't~fyt; ~hm `gycd~ fl ~hm @a~muam~ fa Cgmu`dca yfb`~`dt! Zmt~yfu~;Yucmjmu!

T~m`a" T!N! (5994)! Yfb`~`dt fa ~hm zme! Hcubfz; Yuma~`dm Hcbb!Tzcatfa" N!B! , Gcad`a`" Y! (Mnt!) (300