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Microchip:

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as IC, chip, or microchip) is an electronic

circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of

semiconductor material. Additional materials are deposited and patterned to form interconnections between

semiconductor devices.

Batteries:

An electrical battery is one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical

energy.[1] Since the invention of the first battery (or "voltaic pile") in 1800 by Alessandro Volta and especially

since the technically improved Daniell cell in 1836

Single-wire transmission line:

A single-wire transmission line (or single wire method) is a method of supplying electrical power through a

single electrical conductor.

Communications protocol:

A communications protocol is a system of digital message formats and rules for exchanging those messages

in or between computing systems and in telecommunications. A protocol may have a formal description.

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SMBus:

The System Management Bus (abbreviated to SMBus or SMB) is a single-ended simple two-wire bus for the

purpose of lightweight communication. Most commonly it is found in computer motherboards for

communication with the power source for ON/OFF instructions.

Battery charger:

A battery charger is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by forcing an

electric current through it.

Smart Battery System (SBS);

Smart Battery System (SBS) is a specification for determining accurate battery capacity readings. It allows

operating systems to perform power management operations based on remaining estimated run times.

State of charge(SoC):

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State of charge (SOC) is the equivalent of a fuel gauge for the battery pack in a battery electric vehicle (BEV),

hybrid vehicle (HEV), or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The units of SOC are percentage points (0% =

empty; 100% = full).

State-of-health:

Indicates the status of the ability to save energy in the battery, after it has been used, or if the battery has

some damage

Calibration:

Calibration is a comparison between measurements one of known magnitude or correctness made or set

with one device and another measurement made in as similar a way as possible with a second device.

Bluetooth:

Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using

short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 24002480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices.

C++:

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C++ (pronounced "cee plus plus") is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose

programming language. It is regarded as an intermediate-level language, as it comprises a combination of

both high-level and low-level language features