Consonantes Indoeuropeas y Su Reflejo en Las Lenguas Derivadas

8/15/2019 Consonantes Indoeuropeas y Su Reflejo en Las Lenguas Derivadas

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Consonantes indoeuropeas y su reflejo en las lenguas derivadas

Tr

ad

.

PI

E

PIE

glotal

Sánscri

toAvéstico O.C.S. Lituano Arenio Al!ano

Tocari

o"itita #riego Lat$n

Antiguo

irlandés

Proto

ger.Espa%ol

* p

*p⁽ʰ⁾ p [p] p [p] p [p] p [p] h [h] ;

w[w] 1 p [p] p [p] p [p] p [p] p [p]

Ø; ch [x] 2

*f ; * β 3;*p 4

p [p] ; b [b, β] 8

*t *t ⁽ʰ⁾ t [t] t [t] t [t] t [t] t ʽ [t ] ʰ t [t] t [t] ;c[c]

5t ; z 5 t [t] t [t]

t [t] ; t h [θ] 8

*θ ; * ð 3;*t 4

t [t] ; d [d,δ]8

* k

* k ⁽ʰ⁾

ś [ ] ɕ s [s] s [s] š [ ] ʃ s [s] th [θ] ; k [k] 9

k ; ś [ ] ɕ 9

k [k] k [k] k [k] c [k] ;ch [x]

8

*x ; * ɣ 3;k 4

c [k] , [θ] ;g [g, γ] 8

* k

*k ⁽ʰ⁾

k [k] ;c[c] 5

k [k] ;c [ ] ʧ 5

k [k] ; č [ ] ʧ 5; c [ ʦ

] 10k [k] k ̒ [k ] ʰ

k [k]

* k ʷ

*k ̫ ⁽ʰ⁾

k [k] ; s[ s] 5; q [

c] 10ku[k

] ʷ p; t 5; k 6

qu [k ] ʷ ; c [ k] 7

c [k] ;ch [x]

8

*x ̫ ;* ɣʷ,*w3; kʷ 4

qu, c [k] ;c u [kw] ,gu [

γw] 8

* b

*p’ b [b] b [b] b [b] b [b] p [p] b [b] p [p] p [p] b [b] b [b] b [b] *p b [b] , [β] ;

Ø 8

* d

*t’ d [d] d [d] d [d] d [d] t [t] d [d] ; d

h[ð] 8

ʦ [ ] ʦ ;

ś[ ] ɕ 5

t [t] d [d] d [d] d [d] ;dh [ð]

8*t

d [d] , [] ;Ø 8

* ĝ

* ’ k ! [ ] ɟ z [z] z [z] " [ ] ʒ c [ ] ʦ dh [ð] ;g 9

k [k] ;ś[ ] ɕ

9

k [k] g [g] g [g] g [g] ;gh [ ] ɣ

8*k

g [g] , [γ] ,[x] ; Ø 8

* g

*k’ g [g] ;

! [ ] ɟ 5g [g] ; ! [ ] ʤ 5

g [g] ; " [ ] ʒ 5; dz [

] ʣ 10

g [g] k [k] g

* g ʷ

*k ’ ʷ g [g] ; z [z] 5; g! [

] ɟ 10

ku[k ] ʷ

b [b] ; d [ d] 5; g [g]

u [w] ; gu [ g ] ʷ 15

b [b] ;#,

bh[w]

*k ̫ u [w] ; gu[g ] ʷ

http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADa_glotal&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADa_glotal&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1nscritohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1nscritohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av%C3%A9sticohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguo_eslavo_eclesi%C3%A1sticohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_lituanahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_armeniahttp://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lengua_albana&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocariohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocariohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_hititahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_griegahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADnhttp://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antiguo_irland%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antiguo_irland%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protogerm%C3%A1nicohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protogerm%C3%A1nicohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1nscritohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1nscritohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av%C3%A9sticohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguo_eslavo_eclesi%C3%A1sticohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_lituanahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_armeniahttp://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lengua_albana&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocariohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocariohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_hititahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_griegahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADnhttp://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antiguo_irland%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antiguo_irland%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protogerm%C3%A1nicohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protogerm%C3%A1nicohttp://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADa_glotal&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADa_glotal&action=edit&redlink=1


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6 8

* bʰ

*b⁽ʰ⁾ &*pʰ

bh [b ] ʱ

b [b] b [b] b [b] b [b] ;

w[w] 8 b [b] p [p] p [p] ph [p ] ʰ f [f] ; b 8

b [b] ;#,

bh[#,w] 8

*βb [b, β] ; $,

f [b, β,f] ;Ø 8

* d ʰ

*d ⁽ʰ⁾ &*t h

dh [d ] ʱ

d [d] d [d] d [d] d [d] d [d] t [t] ;c[c]

5t [t] th [t ] ʰ

f [f] ; d 8; b [b] 14

d [d] ;dh [ð]

8*ð

f [f] ; Ø 8; b[b, β]

* ĝ ʰ

*ĝ ⁽ʰ⁾ &* k ʰ

h [ ] ɦ z [z] z [z] " [ ] ʒ ! [ ] ʣ ;

z[z] 8dh [ð] ;d[d] 9

k [k] ;ś[ ] ɕ 5

k [k] ch [k ] ʰ h [h] ; h [h]

/ g[g] 9g [g] ;gh [ ] ɣ

5* ɣ

h,Ø [%] ; g[g,γ, x] , Ø8

* g ʰ

*g ⁽ʰ⁾ &*k h

gh [g ] ʱ ; h[ ] ɦ 5

g [g] ; ǰ [ ] ʤ 5

g [g] ; " [ ] ʒ 5; dz [

]] ʣ 10g [g]

g [g] ;[ ] ǰ ʤ 5

g [g]

* g ʷ ʰ

*g ̫ ⁽ʰ⁾ & * k ̫ ʰ

g [g] ; z [z] 5; g! [

] ɟ 10ku[k

] ʷ

ph [p ] ʰ ; t h[t ] ʰ 5; ch

[k ] ʰ 6

f [f] ; g [g] /u[w] 8; gu [

g ] ʷ 15g [g] * ɣʷ

f [f] / b [b, β] ; u [w] ,g

u [g ] ʷ

*

s

*ss [s] ;s &[ ] ʂ 1

1

h [h, x] ; s[s

] 2

; š [ ] ʃ 11

s [s] ; x [

x] 11

s [s] ;

š[ ] ʃ 11

h [h] ;s[s] 2;

[%] 8

sh [ ] ʃ ; g

![ ] ɟ 12

s [s] ;

s &[ ] ʂ š [s]

h [h] ; s [

s] 2

; [%] 8 s [s] ; ' [']

8 s [s] *s; *

z 3

s [s] ; ' [', '

(]

* m

*m # [#

] # [#]

# [#] ; ) [] 13

# [# ] ;+ [+ ] 13

# [#] ;+[+] 13

# [#] ;Ø13

# [ #] ;Ø 13

# [# ] ;+ [+

] 13# [#] ; +

[+] 13 # [#]

b [b] ;#,

bh[#,w] 8; + [

+] 13

*#;Ø 13

# [#]

*

n

*n + [+] + [+] + [+] + [+] + [+] + [+] + [+] ; [

] ɲ

+ [+] + [+] + [+] + [+] *+ + [+]

*l *l ' ['] (dial. -

[-] )' ['] - [-] - [-]

- [-] , ɫ [ . ] ɫ ɣ

- [-] ; -- [ ɫ ] 8

- [-] - [-] - [-] - [-] - [-] *- - [-]

* r

*r ' ['] ' ['] ' ['] ' ['] ' [ ] ɹ ' [ ] ɾ ' ['] ' ['] ' ['] ' ['] ' ['] *' ' [', '(]


3/16

* i * i / [!] / [!] ! [!] ! [!] Ø g! [ ] ɟ ; Ø / [!] / [!]

z [0zd1 ʣ.

z] / h [h] ;Ø8

2 [!] ; Ø 8 Ø *! / [!] ; ! [x]

* u

* u $ [ ] ʋ $ [w] $ [$] $ [ ] ʋ g [g] /

w[w] $ [$]

w [w ]

w [w ]

w . h 1 Ø [w .

h 1 %]

u [w . $] f [f] ;

Ø / w

[w] 8

*w $ [b, β]

PI

E

Tr

ad

.

PIE

#lotal

Sánscri

toAvéstico A. E. E. Lituano Arenio Al!ano

Tocari

o"itita #riego Lat$n

Irlandés

antiguo

Proto

ger.Espa%ol

Notas:

•1 !s"#$s d! %o&al.

•2 't! #a "losi%a ( p, t, k ).

•3 't! #a %o&al o ti&a (!+ d! !-!- ).

•4 -as #a -i&ati%a ("-oto!-i&a) (s, f ).

•5 't! #a %o&al at!-io- ("-otoido!#-o"!a) (2, ).

• 6 't!s o t-as #a %o&al () u.

•7 't!s o t-as las %o&al!s () , u.

•8 t-! %o&al!s.

•9 't! #a -!soat!.

•10 't! %o&al!s s!da-ias at!-io-!s ( ta-do).

•11 -as ', u, k, 2 ().

•12 't! %o&al ti&a.

•13 'l ial d! "ala-a.

•14 -as u, ' o at! ', - .

•15 -as +.

http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ley_de_Verner&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ley_de_Verner&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonora_(sonido)&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonora_(sonido)&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonora_(sonido)&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_del_sonido_Rukihttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_del_sonido_Rukihttp://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ley_de_Verner&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonora_(sonido)&action=edit&redlink=1http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_del_sonido_Ruki


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'ocales y consonantes silá!icas!dita- ]

vocales y consonantes silá!icas protoindoeuropeas( y su reflejo en las lenguas derivadas

Antigua

rec.

)ueva

rec.Sánscrito Avéstico A. E. E. Lituano Arenio Al!ano Tocario "itita #riego Lat$n

Irlandés

ant.#*t

*e

*e

5 5

!, 2,

,2 ; !5 12

6 , 2 2 ; 52

*h₁e

*a

+*a ,-

5

5 h5, 5 7 h5,

5 5 5 5

5

*h₂e

*o

*h₃e

, 5

5

5, 5

*o 5, 7 4 5, 7 4

*ə

*h₁

2 2, Ø

Ø Ø

5, Ø 7

5

5 5 5,*h₂ h 5

*h₃

*-

*h₁

Ø Ø

8509

Ø Ø

5 89

Ø Ø Ø*h₂ 5 h5 5

*h₃ 5 5,

h5

*ē *ē 7 7 : 2 , u5 51


5/16

*ā

+*ā ,-

5

5 51< 5,

5h 7 . < 7 7

7

*eh₂

*ō

*ō

u u 517< 8 5 ? ? 7; > 8

*eh₃

*i *i 2 2 @ 2

2

2 ; 10 6

2

2 2 2 2

*ī

*ih₁

= =

2

/

2

2 =

= =

2 [

*ih₂

2 o- 8!95< 7 /7

= o- 8!97< 7

*ih₃ = o- 8!9?< 7

*ei

*ei

< ?2 , 5


6/16

*āi *eh₂ei : 72 . > / > / ; 2 8

u >

> > >*uh₂

u o- 8w95< 7 w7

> o- 8w97< 7

*uh₃ > o- 8w9?< 7

*eu

*eu

? uə , 5 4

!u 25u

/

u

u

u

>

>5; ? 9

2u

*h₁eu

*ou

*ou

u u 5 , 5u

u

5u

*h₃eu

*au

+*au ,-

5w 5u 5u

*h₂eu

*ēu *ēu

7u 7u

u 25u >< 5u

*ōu *ōu ?

* m * m 5 5

C

2# D ; u# D 14

5# 5 6# 5# 5 # #,

5#

u#* m

*mH

7 7 E#; F# 14 5#5 #7 #


7/16


8/16

•9 't! %!la-!s + toa.

•10 't! #a 7 ! la slaa si#i!t!.

•11 't! #a 2 ! la slaa si#i!t!.

•12 slaa &!--ada.

•13 &!-&aa d! laial!s.

•14 &!-&aa d! laio%!la-!s.

ProtoIndoEuropean consonants and t/eir refle0es in selected IndoEuropean daug/ter languages

PIE S1r. Av. O.C.S. Lit/. Al!. Ar. "itt. Toc/. #ree1 #ree123j4 LatinOld

Iris/#ot/ic Englis/

5p "; "D16 "; 17 "D;

w1" "t "

E;

&D =]2;

F]3;

%, 8

5sp o-al d!%!lo"!t o /s/G/"/ o-al d!%!lo"!t o /s/G/"/ s"

5t t; tD16 t; H17 t t ʿtI]t;

J ts]5t;

& &]5t

s; tt/ss1

tt;

tD H]8

K H];

d L];3

t4

tD;

d;3

t4

5t2t 3tst

4tt; ttD16 st; sH17< st s s< Jt tst] ss< st ss ss o- st

5st o-al d!%!lo"!t o /s/G/t/sDt I

t]o-al d!%!lo"!t o /s/G/t/ st

516 M I] s I]tD H];

k9s

k

k;

M I]9

k & k]

& k];

&D =]8D;

I]3

D;

E;8

+3

51 k; & tI];5

kD16k; & tI];

5

=17

k;

O tI];5

& ts]10

k k k ʿkI]

51ʷ k; k# "; P# kI]; I I]; wD;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocharian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocharian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Language


9/16

s;5

P &]10t;5

k6& k]7 w, w3 w3

5s16 QD; QQD1 s< sk < D


10/16

5g7

D ];ɡʱ

D ]ɦ 5

; @ d ];ʒ5

U18

;

T ];ʒ 5

dJ10

;

ǰ d ]ʒ 5

5g77

;

J;5

@ ] ɟ 1

0

k#

"D " ];ʰ

tD t ];ʰ 5

&D k ]ʰ 6

;21

/

# w];8

# ]ɡʷ 15

;

;21

w;8

w15

;

;21

w8

5s

sD D, =];

s2s

sD ] ʃ

;

@ ]; ɟ12

D;

s;2

E8 s]

s;

s V ]ʂ

D;21

s;22, 13

E;8

W]23

is;

- 8s s];

D]8s;

J3s;

- 3

s V ]ʂ 11 ] ʃ 11 = =]11 ] ʃ

11

5 i ];

w X]8

58, Y Z] E [[ E

5n ;

Y Z]13

;

\ ] ɲ i

5l - (dial. l) - l

l;

ll ]ɫ 8

l /

ɫ ɫA ]ɣ

l il l

5r - - ];ɾ

-- -]8- i- -

5i + @] @ @]@ ]; ɟ

EE + @]

J Jd A dJ A

J] /

D;

E 8


11/16

•1 't!- a %ow!l.

•2 >!o-! a "losi%! (", t, k).

•3 ollowi a #st-!ss!d %ow!l (!-!-^s law).

•4 't!- a () sto" o- s.

•5

>!o-! a () -ot %ow!l (i, !).

•6 >!o-! o- at!- a () #.

•7 >!o-! o- at!- a () o, #.

•8 >!tw!! %ow!ls.

•9 >!o-! a soo-at.

•10 >!o-! s!&oda-+ ("ost[) -ot[%ow!ls.

•11 't!- -, #, k, i (#ki so#d law).

•12 >!o-! a st-!ss!d %ow!l.

•13 't tD! !d o a wo-d.

•14 't!- #, - o- !o-! -, l.

•15 't!- .

•16 >!o-! a o-iial la-+!al.

•17 >!o-! a &osoat o- o-iial la-+!al.

•18 _o#!- '%!sta, at!- a %ow!l.

•19 't!- -, l, , , t, d, "ossil+ otD!- &osoats<

•20 't!- (C-!!k) tD.

•21 't tD! !ii o a wo-d.

•22 >!o-! o- at!- a ost-#!t (", t, k, !t&.; s).

•23 >!o-! o- at!- a -!soat (-, l, , ).

•24 >!tw!! %ow!ls, o- !tw!! a %ow!l ad -, l (o !itD!- sid!).

Vowels and syllabic consonants!dit]

ProtoIndoEuropean vo9els and sylla!ic consonants( and t/eir refle0es in t/e IndoEuropean daug/ter languages

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verner's_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verner's_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruki_sound_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruki_sound_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indo-European_sound_laws&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verner's_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruki_sound_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indo-European_sound_laws&action=edit&section=2


12/16

Trad.

PIELaryng. PIE S1r. Av. O.C.S. Lit/. Ar. Al!. Toc/. "itt. #ree1 Latin8:

Proto

Celtic#ot/ic8;

Old Englis/8:

noral ulau

5e 5e( 5/₁e

a

!

@!,

i!, !,

i; @a12` !, i ! i; a ]ɛ 2 !; !o21 i; i!

5a +5a,-( 5/₂e

o a

a Da, a Da,

aa

a

b; a;22 !a21 !; i!

5o

5/₃e

o, a

a

a, ! a o

5o a; 4

5>8?

5/₁8?

i i, E

E

a, E

a !

a a, E5/₂8? D a

5/₃8? o

5

5/₁8@

E

! (a


13/16

5i 5i i i

i

i; !10 `

i

i i; a ]ɛ 2 i

5D

5i/₁

f

i

+ i ]ː

i

i f

f !i i ]ː f 5i/₂

i

o- (@)a


14/16

5u 5u

#

# ia# ! h< i# eo

5u 5u a g # ea

57mmmmmmmmmmm 57mmmmmmmmmmm a

i X ; # X14

a

a

` a a !

!,

a

# # +577mmmmmmmmmmm

5/₁

m; n14 aa

e

5/₂ A

e15

5/₃ g

57

mmmmmmmmmmm 57

mmmmmmmmmmm a /j i; #14 a a ! a

5n7nnnnnnnnnnn 5n

7nnnnnnnnnnn a

i\; #\14 a ` a a ! !, a

# # +5n77nnnnnnnnnnn

5n/₁

m; n14 aa

e

5n/₂ A e 15

5n/₃ g

5n7

nnnnnnnnnnnn 5n7

nnnnnnnnnnnn a /j i\; #\14 a a ! a

5l7lllllllllll 5l

7lllllllllll - V -

l/lj

il X; #l X14 alil, li;

#l, l#`l al la ol li

#l #l; ol23 +l

5l7

7lllllllllll

5l/₁

f-; h- 13 a- ml; nl14 ala al l

le

l5l/₂ l A le15

5l/₃ lg


15/16

5l7llllllllllll 5l

7llllllllllll i-; #- 13 a- l/jl il; #l14 al, la al !l al

5r 7rrrrrrrrrrr 5r

7rrrrrrrrrrr - V -

-/-j

i- X; #- X14 a- i-, -i;

#-, -#`- a- -a o- -i

a- -]ɔ #-; o- 23 +-5r 77rrrrrrrrrrr

5r/₁

f-; h- 13 a- m-; n- 14 a-a -a -

-e

-5r/₂ - A -e15

5r/₃ -g

5r 7

r rrrrrrrrrrr 5r 7

r rrrrrrrrrrr i-; #- 13 a- -/j- i-; #- 14 a- a- a- a-

Trad.

PIELaryng. PIE S1r. Av. O.C.S. Lit/. Ar. Al!. Toc/. "itt. #ree1 Latin8:

Proto

Celtic#ot/ic8;

noral ulau

Old Englis/8:

)otes

•1 >!o-! w5.

•2 >!o-! ', h. CotDi&, #t ot otD!- C!-ai& la#a!s, !-!s /!/ ad /i/.

•3 D! !=ist!&! o o[allo"Doi& 5 is dis"#t!d.

•4 o"! s+llal!s (>-#a^s law).

•5 d!- st-!ss.

•6 >!o-! "alatal &osoats.

•7 D! so[&all!d -!aki is dis"#t!d (t+"i&al !=a"l!s a-! *"-oti[D₃k o[ʷ A !d. p'Ht=k5# B Ck. pqrpuv; * iDʷ ₃ o[u A !d. !=$H% B

'-. k5+kP , Ck. rx; *d#D₂-o[ A !d. d>'H% B '-. 'k5' , Ck. δyqrx)

•8 a ial s+llal!.

•9 >!o-! %!la-s ad #st-!ss!d

•10 >!o-! 7 i tD! ollowi s+llal!.

•11 >!o-! 2 i tD! ollowi s+llal!.

•12 a &los!d s+llal!.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocharian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Celtichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Celtichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-umlauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugmann's_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_breakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_breakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocharian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Celtichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Celtichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-umlauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugmann's_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_breaking


16/16

•13 tD! !iDo#-Dood o laials.

•14 tD! !iDo#-Dood o laio%!la-s.

•15 7 A !o-! 2 , = , o- /@/ i tD! !=t s+llal! i -oto[C!-ai& (2 [#la#t).

•21 >!o-! h, w , o- !o-! ', - "l#s a &osoat (z-!akiz).

•22 >!o-! a a&k %ow!l i tD! !=t s+llal! (5 -!sto-atio).

•23 >!o-! a o[DiD %ow!l i tD! !=t s+llal! (5[#tatio).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-umlauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-umlauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_phonology#Breaking_and_retractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_phonology#Breaking_and_retractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_brightening#A_restorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_brightening#A_restorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_brightening#A_restorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_a-mutationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_a-mutationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_a-mutationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_a-mutationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-umlauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_phonology#Breaking_and_retractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_brightening#A_restorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_a-mutation

Consonantes Indoeuropeas y Su Reflejo en Las Lenguas Derivadas

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