Characteristics of Regional Industry-specific Employment Growth. Empirical Evidence for Germany...

8/2/2019 Characteristics of Regional Industry-specific Employment Growth. Empirical Evidence for Germany (Eng)/ Caracters

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2/30

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3/30

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4/30

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zmbxjqtcl hjcuzqj fh ugj iqfyug fh dfo{ljw jdfmfobd fqicmb~cubfmt bmxflxbmi lcqij mzoajqt fh

bmujqcdubmi tzazmbut 'Tucmljr ju cl- 32280 Cocqcl ju cl- 1;;3"- Uyf jw{lcmcubfmt hfq ugj fatjqxje

tdclbmi ajgcxbfzq dcm aj {zu hfqycqe- Ugj hbqtu bt tz{{fquje ar Dcmmbmi ju cl- '3227" cme fugjqt, ygf


9/30

2

dfmtbejq ugj tdclbmi jw{fmjmu ct cm bmebdcufq hfq ugj tuqjmiug fh obdqf/jdfmfobd bmujqcdubfmt

ajuyjjm ugj tzazmbut fh c trtujo, gjqj ugj hbqot fh c qjibfm1- Bh bt ;, c {jqhjdu dfqqjlcubfm ajuyjjm

ugj tzazmbut jwbtut, tbmdjugjqj bt mf ej{jmejmdj fh ugj ebt{jqtbfm fh iqfyug qcujt fm ugj jo{lfrojmu

mzoajq- Bh bt /;-:, cmr dfqqjlcubfm ajuyjjm ugj tzazmbut bt catjmu, ojcmbmi ugcu ugj xflcublbur fh c

trtujo hcllt ybug ugj tszcqj qffu fh but tb~j- Hbmcllr, bh lbjt ajuyjjm ugj uyf lbobubmi dctjt, ugj

ebt{jqtbfm fh ugj iqfyug qcujt ejdcrt ct c {fyjq lcy, azu mfu ct hctu ct ugj tszcqj qffu, bmebdcubmi ugj

{qjtjmdj fh tfoj dfmtbejqcalj {ftbubxj bmujqcdubfmt ajuyjjm ugj hbqot fh c qjibfm- Tjdfme, Afuuc~~b (

Tjddgb '1;;8a" cqizj ugcu ugj fatjqxje tdclbmi qjlcubfmtgb{ dcm aj jw{lcbmje ct c ebxjqtbhbdcubfm jhhjdu,

tbmdj lcqijq jdfmfobd jmububjt lb`j hbqot ujme uf f{jqcuj bm c gbigjq mzoajq tza/ocq`jut fh cm bmeztuqr

ezj uf tdf{j jdfmfobjt fh ebxjqtbhbdcubfm- Z{/tdclbmi ugbt cqizojmucubfm uf ugj ljxjl fh qjibfmt, ugj

ebt{jqtbfm fh fxjqcll iqfyug ocr aj qjezdje fxjq/{qf{fqubfmcllr hfq qjibfmt ybug gbigjq jo{lfrojmu

mzoajqt- Afug jw{lcmcubfmt ljce zt uf>

Gr{fugjtbt 1a> Ugj gbigjq ugj mzoajq fh cxjqcij qjibfmcl jo{lfrojmu bm cm bmeztuqr, ugj

toclljq bt ugj ebt{jqtbfm fh ugj dfmebubfmcl ebtuqbazubfm fh ugj qjt{jdubxj iqfyug qcujt-

1-4 Qjlcubfmtgb{ ajuyjjm ur{j fh bmeztuqr cme tufdgctubd dgcqcdujqbtubdt fh qjibfmcl iqfyug

Uyf cqizojmut oc`j c hbmjq aqjc`/efym fh ugj qjibfmcl jdfmfor bmuf tbmilj bmeztuqbjt mjdjttcqr-

Hbqtu, tufdgctubd {qf{jqubjt cu c gbigjq ljxjl fh ciiqjicubfm ocr aj c tgjjq fzudfoj fh ugj ciiqjicubfm

{qfdjtt 'Afuuc~~b ( Tjddgb 1;;4> 1370 Aqfd` 3222> 543"- Ct cqizje cafxj, uqzj jdfmfobd

ojdgcmbtot fh qjibfmcl jdfmfobd iqfyug f{jqcuj cu ugj ljxjl fh t{jdbhbd bmeztuqbjt- Gjmdj, bu gct uf aj

ujtuje ygjugjq ugj hbmebmit tzqxbxj cu ebhhjqjmu ljxjlt fh ciiqjicubfm- Tjdfme, ugj tufdgctubd {qf{jqubjt

ocr cltf ebhhjq cdqftt gjujqfijmjfzt bmeztuqbjt- C trtujocubd dfo{cqbtfm fh ebhhjqjmu ur{jt fh

bmeztuqbjt dfzle {qfxbej mjy bmtbigut hfq jw{lcbmbmi ugj dgcqcdujqbtubdt fh qjibfmcl iqfyug ermcobdt-

Ugqjj lbmjt fh ebtubmdubfm tjjo uf aj qjljxcmu- Hbqtu, bmeztuqbjt ebhhjq bm ugjbq `mfyljeij bmujmtbur bm

{qfezdubfm 'Tobug 1;;1"- Ztbmi ecuc fm Ijqocm lcafzq ocq`ju qjibfmt, Tdglzo{ ( Aqjmmjq '1;3;"

1Tdclbmi lcy ofejlt qjlr fm ugj cttzo{ubfm fh cm bejmubdcl tb~j fh ugj tzazmbut, ygbdg tuqbdulr t{jc`bmi efjt mfu gfle bm ugjqjclbur fh qjibfmcl jdfmfobjt- Ugbt qjtuqbdut uf tfoj ejiqjj ugj jw{lcmcufqr {fyjq fh ugj tdclbmi jw{fmjmu ct cm bmebdcufq fhugj tuqjmiug fh ugj bmujqcdubfmt ajuyjjm ugj hbqot ybugbm c qjibfm-


10/30

3;

{qfxj ugcu ugj jhhjdut fh zmbxjqtbubjt cme {zalbd qjtjcqdg cme ejxjlf{ojmu fm qjibfmcl jo{lfrojmu

iqfyug ebhhjq tbimbhbdcmulr cdqftt bmeztuqbjt- Hfqmcgl cme Aqjmmjq '1;;2" {fbmu fzu ugcu jt{jdbcllr

bmeztuqbjt, ygbdg qjlr fm c tdbjmubhbd `mfyljeij actj, tgfy c gbigjq ijfiqc{gbdcl dfmdjmuqcubfm fh

bmmfxcubfm cdubxbubjt- Ct bmmfxcubfmt cqj bmgjqjmulr ebtuzqabmi, bu bt jw{jduje ugcu ugjtj bmeztuqbjt cqj

ofqj {qfmj uf jw{jqbjmdj jwuqjoj iqfyug jxjmut- Tjdfmelr, cltf {cuujqmt fh bmmfxcubfm {jq tj xcqr

cdqftt bmeztuqbjt- [cxbuu '3275" ejofmtuqcujt ugj ebhhjqjmdjt bm zmejqlrbmi {qfezdubfm ujdgmflfibjt,

dfo{jububfm {qfdjttjt cme ljcqmbmi ofejt- Ugj jwujmu fh f{{fquzmbubjt hfq bmmfxcubfmt cme ugzt

iqfyug faxbfztlr ej{jmet fm ugj {cqubdzlcq ujdgmflfibdcl qjiboj fh cm bmeztuqr 'Eftb 3277"- Hbmcllr,

yj cqj ugj hbqtu bm ugj lbujqcuzqj uf jw{lbdbulr bmdlzej tjqxbdj bmeztuqbjt bm ugj tuzer fh ugj tufdgctubd

dgcqcdujqbtubdt fh iqfyug- Ugzt, bu bt mcuzqcl uf dfmuqctu ugj iqfyug ermcobdt fh tjqxbdj cme

ocmzhcduzqbmi tjdufqt- Uf tzo z{, yj iju>

Gr{fugjtbt 4> Tufdgctubd dgcqcdujqbtubdt fh qjibfmcl jo{lfrojmu iqfyug ej{jme fm ugj ur{j fh

bmeztuqr zmejq dfmtbejqcubfm-

4 Ojugfe fh hbuubmi ugj ajtu ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfm

Bm tjcqdg hfq c ofqj ijmjqcl cme hljwbalj ebtuqbazubfmcl ofejl ugcu ejtdqbajt ugj jo{bqbdcl ebtuqbazubfm

fh iqfyug qcujt i, ugj Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm hcoblr yct bmuqfezdje bmuf jdfmfobdt ar Afuuc~~b ju cl-

'1;;1">

0,, 3

1 3 3 j w { 3

'1"

ybug '-" tucmebmi hfq ugj icooc hzmdubfm- Ugqjj {cqcojujqt ejhbmj ugj ebtuqbazubfm> ugj lfdcubfm

{cqcojujq o, ygbdg bmebdcujt ugj jwbtujmdj fh c ijmjqcl uqjme bm ugj ecuc, ugj tdclj {cqcojujq c, ygbdg

ejujqobmjt ugj t{qjce fq ebt{jqtbfm fh ugj ebtuqbazubfm, cme ugj tgc{j {cqcojujq a- Afug ugj mfqocl 'a

? 1" cme Lc{lcdj 'a ? 3", cltf `mfym ct ugj troojuqbd jw{fmjmubcl ebtuqbazubfm, cqj {cqubdzlcq dctjt fh

ugj Tzaafubm hcoblr fh {qfacablbur ejmtbubjt- Ugzt ugbt ebtuqbazubfm hcoblr cllfyt hfq c dfmubmzfzt

xcqbcubfm hqfo mfm/mfqoclbur uf mfqoclbur, ybug c toclljq tgc{j {cqcojujq a qj{qjtjmubmi hcuujq ucblt fh


11/30

33

ugj ejmtbur- Hzqugjqofqj, bu dcm aj jwujmeje uf c :/{cqcojujq hcoblr fh ebtuqbazubfmt, ygbdg bt calj uf

df{j ybug ctroojuqbjt bm ugj ecuc- Bm ceebubfm uf ugj lfdcubfm {cqcojujq o, ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm

ejmtbur ebtuqbazubfm gct uyf tdclj {cqcojujqt cljhucme cqbiguhfq ugj xclzjt ajlfy cme cafxj o cme uyf

tgc{j {cqcojujqt aljhu cme aqbigu ejtdqbabmi ugj ucbl ajgcxbfzq fm ugj ljhu cme qbigu tbej fh ugj

ebtuqbazubfm>

0 , , , , 3D jw{

3

3

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ygjqj

bt ugj Gjcxbtbej ugjuc hzmdubfm cme

D

3

3 c

mfqoclb~cubfm dfmtucmu 'Afuuc~~b ( Tjddgb 1;33"-

Ugj cbo fh ugj tuzer dfmezduje gjqj bt uf hbme fzu ygbdg fh ugj ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfmt hbut ajtu uf

qjclbur- Uf cmubdb{cuj> ugj mfqocl ebtuqbazubfm ybll aj qfaztulr qjnjduje ar tjxjqcl tucmecqe {cqcojuqbd

ujtut- Dfmtjszjmulr, yj qjtuqbdu ugj cmclrtbt uf ugj Lc{lcdj, Tzaafubm cme ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm

ebtuqbazubfm4- Yj c{{lr c tboblcq {qfdjezqj ct ejtdqbaje bm Aqjmmjq '1;;8"- Hbqtu, ugj lb`jlbgffe xclzj

bt dcldzlcuje hfq jcdg {cqcojujq tju fh ugj qjt{jdubxj ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfmt ztbmi ugj qjibfmcl

jo{lfrojmu iqfyug qcujt- Ugbt bt efmj hfq jcdg tbmilj bmeztuqr tj{cqcujlr- Ugj lb`jlbgffe xclzj btugj {qfacablbur ugcu ugj jo{bqbdcl tbuzcubfm fddzqt cddfqebmi uf ugj ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfm- Ugj

ocwbozo lb`jlbgffe bt ugj ocwbocl xclzj fhugcu dcm aj qjcdgje hfq cmr {cqcojujq tju fh ugjqjt{jdubxj ebtuqbazubfm 5 - Ugj {cqcojujq tjut ybug ugj ocwbocl lb`jlbgffe xclzj {qfxbej ugftj

ebtuqbazubfmt ugcu ajtu ejtdqbaj qjclbur-

Ugj Lc{lcdj ebtuqbazubfm dfmucbmt uyf {cqcojujqt, ugj Tzaafubm ugqjj cme ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm

hbxj- Hzqugjqofqj, ugj Lc{lcdj bt c t{jdbcl dctj fh ugj Tzaafubm, cme ugj Tzaafubm dcm aj jwujmeje uf

ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm- Ugjqjhfqj, ugj ofqj ijmjqcl ebtuqbazubfm ybll clycrt hbu qjclbur ajuujq ugcm

ugj qjtuqbduje fq mjtuje fmj, tf ugcu - bt tcubthbje hfq cllbmeztuqbjt- Hbmcllr, ugj lb`jlbgffe qcubf ujtu bt {jqhfqoje uf dgjd` ygjugjq ugj ofqj ijmjqcl ugjfqjubdcl

4 Tjxjqcl ujtut ybug ugj mfqocl ebtuqbazubfm dfmhbqoje ugj hbmebmit bm ugj lbujqcuzqj hfq fzq dctj-5 Ugj ocwbozo lb`jlbgffe jtubocubfm hfq ugj Lc{lcdj ebtuqbazubfm dcm aj tflxje cmclrubdcllr- Bm ugj dctj fh afug xjqtbfmt fhugj Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfmt, ugj jtubocubfm ajdfojt c ofqj dfo{ljw bttzj ygbdg gct uf aj tflxje mzojqbdcllr 'tjj C IQF 322:fq OBMJF 1;;4 hfq ugj troojuqbd cme Afuuc~~b ( Tjddgb 1;33 hfq ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm"- Tzaafufflt x3-3, ygbdg bt{qfxbeje ar AFUUC^^B '1;;5", yct ztje gjqj hfq ugj ocwbozo lb`jlbgffe jtubocubfm-


12/30

31

ebtuqbazubfm ybug ofqj hqjj {cqcojujqt ejtdqbajt qjclbur tbimbhbdcmulr ajuujq ugcm ugj ofqj qjtuqbduje

fmj ybug ljtt hqjj {cqcojujqt- Uf ugbt jme, ugj xclzj

1 l m 1 l m '5"

bt dcldzlcuje hfq jcdg {cbq fh ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfmt- ojctzqjt ugbt ebhhjqjmdj bm ugj hbuubmi fh ugj

ecuc- Tucubtubdcl ugjfqbjt ujll zt ugcu dcm aj jw{jduje uf hfllfy c 1/ebtuqbazubfm ybug ejiqjjt fh

hqjjefo jszcl uf ugj ebhhjqjmdj ajuyjjm ugj mzoajqt fh hqjj {cqcojujqt fh ugj dfo{cqje ebtuqbazubfmcl

ofejlt 'Obuujlgcoojq 322:"- Gjmdj, ugj gr{fugjtbt ugcu ugj ofqj ijmjqcl ebtuqbazubfm bt mfu ofqj

cejszcuj ugcm ugj ofqj qjtuqbduje ebtuqbazubfm dcm aj ujtuje- Fmlr ygjm bu bt qjnjduje, ugj ofqj ijmjqcl

ebtuqbazubfm bt qj{fquje-

Ugj lb`jlbgffe qcubf ujtu {qfdjezqj cmtyjqt ugj szjtubfm fh ygbdg ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfm ejtdqbajt

ugj jo{bqbdcl ecuc ajuujq- Gfyjxjq, bu efjt mfu cmtyjq ugj szjtubfm fh ygjugjq ugj ebtuqbazubfm

ejtdqbajt ugj jo{bqbdcl ecuc cejszcujlr- Uf ujtu ygjugjq ugj jo{bqbdcl ebtuqbazubfm cme ugj ctroojuqbd

Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm, ugj oftu ijmjqcl ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfm fh ugj cmclrtje ebtuqbazubfmcl {fquhflbf

cme dfmtjszjmulr ugj ebtuqbazubfm ybug ugj gbigjtu hbu, ejxbcuj hqfo jcdg fugjq tbimbhbdcmulr, ugj

@flofifqfx/Tobqmfx ujtu bt ztje-

5 Ecuc bttzjt

5-3 Jo{bqbdcl ecuc

Ugj ecuc ztje bm ugbt c{{qfcdg yct dflljduje ar ugj Ijqocm Hjejqcl Bmtubuzuj fh Lcafzq

'BCA" cu ugj

4;ug fh Nzmj bm jcdg rjcq- Ugj ecuc tju dfmucbmt c uboj {cmjl hqfo 3222 uf 1;;9 fh ugj mzoajq fh

jo{lfrjjt cme ugj mzoajq fh hbqo jtucalbtgojmut hfq jcdg 5/ebibu bmeztuqr: cme hfq jcdg ozmbdb{clbur

bm Ijqocmr- Bmeztuqbjt cqj ejmfuje ar b, qjibfmt ar q- Bm fqejq uf dgjd` ugj qfaztumjtt fh ugj qjtzlut uf

ugj dgfbdj fh ugj ljxjl fh bmeztuqbcl ciiqjicubfm cme ugj ejhbmbubfm fh qjibfmt, yj {jqhfqo ugj cmclrtbt

tj{cqcujlr hfq jcdg 5/ebibu, 4/ebibu cme 1/ebibu bmeztuqr ct yjll ct hfq ugqjj ebhhjqjmu ejhbmbubfmt fh

: Bmeztuqbjt cqj dlcttbhbje cddfqebmi uf ugj Y^/;4 dlcttbhbdcubfm, ygbdg yct ugj tucmecqe dlcttbhbdcubfm fh bmeztuqbjt bmIjqocmr hfq ugj cmclrtje uboj {jqbfe-


13/30

34

qjibfmt> lcafzq ocq`ju qjibfmt ct ejhbmje ar ugj BCA 'Abmejq ( Tdgyjmiljq 1;;8", lcafzq ocq`ju

qjibfmt ct ejhbmje ar Jd`jr ju cl- '1;;8" cme ceobmbtuqcubxj ebtuqbdut- Clufijugjq, mbmj dfoabmcubfmt fh

bmeztuqbjt cme qjibfmt qjtzlu ct ljxjlt fh bmxjtubicubfm 'tjj Uca- 3"-

Ucalj 3 Ljxjlt fh bmxjtubicubfm

E

jhbmbubfmfhqjibfmt

LOQ/BCA 1/ebibu LOQ/BCA 4/ebibu LOQ/BCA 5/ebibu19; qjibfmt :2 bmeztuqbjt 19; qjibfmt 131 bmeztuqbjt 19; qjibfmt 5:2 bmeztuqbjtLOQ/Jd`jr 1/ebibu LOQ/Jd`jr 4/ebibu LOQ/Jd`jr 5/ebibu3:; qjibfmt :2 bmeztuqbjt 3:; qjibfmt 131 bmeztuqbjt 3:; qjibfmt 5:2 bmeztuqbjtEbtuqbdut 1/ebibu Ebtuqbdut 4/ebibu Ebtuqbdut 5/ebibu534 qjibfmt :2 bmeztuqbjt 534 qjibfmt 131 bmeztuqbjt 534 qjibfmt 5:2 bmeztuqbjt

Ljxjl fh bmeztuqbcl ciiqjicubfm

5-1 Dcldzlcubfm fh iqfyug qcujt

Bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd qjibfmcl jo{lfrojmu iqfyug qcujt i,, cqj dcldzlcuje ar uc`bmi ugj ebhhjqjmdjt fhugj mcuzqcl lficqbugot fh ugj qjibfmcl jo{lfrojmu tufd`t ajuyjjm uyf tzddjttbxj rjcqt u bm cm

bmeztuqr>

i,, lm ,,lm,, ':"

Hbi- 3 ebt{lcrt c hqjszjmdr ebtuqbazubfm fh ugj abmmje qjibfmcl iqfyug qcujt, {fflje ufijugjq hqfo cll

rjcqt cme bmeztuqbjt cu ugj 1/ebibu ljxjl hfq Jd`jrt lcafzq ocq`ju qjibfmt- [lfuuje fm c lfi/lfi tdclj, c

ujmu/lb`j tgc{j `mfym hqfo ugj Lc{lcdj ebtuqbazubfm jojqij cu ugj djmuqj- Gfyjxjq, ugj ucblt fm afug

tbejt cqj ozdg hcuujq bm dfo{cqbtfm uf ugj mfqocl ct yjll ct ugj Lc{lcdj ebtuqbazubfm- Ugbt bo{lbjt ugcu

iqfyug jxjmut cu ugj jwuqjojt cqj ofqj {qfacalj ugcm dfzle gcxj ajjm jw{jduje cddfqebmi uf ugj

mfqocl fq Lc{lcdj ebtuqbazubfm- Hzqugjqofqj, bu bt clqjcer xbtbalj ugcu ugj ljhu ucbl bt jxjm ofqj

{qfmfzmdje-


14/30

35

Hbizqj 3 Hqjszjmdr ebtuqbazubfm fh {fflje i,, 'ljhu {cmjl" cme {fflje i,, jwdlzebmi cll dctjt ybug

,, 3;'qbigu {cmjl"8

Ugj fxjq/ebt{jqtje {fbmut bm ugj ljhu {cmjl fh Hbi- 3 cqj cm cqujhcdu fh qjibfmt, ygjqj jo{lfrjjt bm c

djqucbm bmeztuqr cqj fmlr hjy bm mzoajqt, tbmdj ugj iqfyug fh tocll szcmububjt dcm ocmbhjtu butjlh fmlr

bm c lbobuje mzoajq fh ebhhjqjmu iqfyug qcujt- Ugjqjhfqj, yj uqzmdcuj ugj ecuc cu obmbozo 3; bmeztuqr/

t{jdbhbd jo{lfrjjt yfq`bmi bm c qjibfm- Ct ugj qbigu {cmjl fh Hbi- 1 tgfyt, ugj fxjqcll tgc{j qjocbmje

zmchhjduje, azu ugj mfbtj yct qjezdje tuqfmilr-

[fflbmi ufijugjq iqfyug qcujt hqfo ebhhjqjmu rjcqt qjszbqjt ugcu ugj cttzo{ubfm fh ujo{fqcl

tucubfmcqbur fh ugj zmejqlrbmi iqfyug {qfdjtt gflet uqzj 'Afuuc~~b ( Tjddgb 1;;8c> 142"- Bmejje, ugj

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dfqqjlcubfm dfjhhbdbjmut, dcldzlcuje hfq jcdg bmeztuqr cme jcdg tzddjttbxj rjcqt, qcmij bm ugjbq ojebcm

xclzjt ajuyjjm ;-;: cme ;-34 cdqftt cll mbmj ljxjlt fh bmxjtubicubfm 'tjj Uca- W3 bm ugj C{{jmebw"-

Cmclfifztlr, yj ujtu hfq ugj ej{jmejmdj fh ugj iqfyug qcujt fm ugj jo{lfrojmu mzoajq- Ugj

dfqqjlcubfm yct bm ijmjqcl tlbigulr mjicubxj, ygbdg ojcmt ugcu qjibfmt ybug hjyjq jo{lfrjjt ujme uf

iqfy hctujq- Gfyjxjq, ugj ej{jmejmdj fh ugj iqfyug qcujt fm ugj jo{lfrojmu mzoajq bt yjc` cicbm,

8 Hfq xbtzcl qjctfmt, ugj {lfut cqj uqzmdcuje fm ugj w/cwbt cu /1 cme 1- Mjxjqugjljtt, ugj {lfuuje bmujqxcl bmdlzejt ofqj ugcm

22-2* fh cll dctjt-


15/30

3:

ybug ojebcm xclzjt hfq T{jcqocm qgf qcmibmi ajuyjjm /;-;8 cme /;-3;- Gjmdj, yj ejdbeje uf {ffl

ufijugjq ugj iqfyug qcujt hqfo ebhhjqjmu rjcqt cme hqfo qjibfmt ybug ebhhjqjmu jo{lfrojmu mzoajqt-

5-4 Ugj qjlcubfmtgb{ ajuyjjm ugj ebt{jqtbfm fh iqfyug qcujt cme qjibfmcl jo{lfrojmu mzoajq

C hzqugjq bo{fqucmu bttzj qjicqebmi ugj {fttbablbur fh {fflbmi ufijugjq ecuc fh ebhhjqjmu qjibfmt bt ugj

ej{jmejmdj fh ugj ebt{jqtbfm fh ugj iqfyug qcujt fm ugj jo{lfrojmu mzoajq fh c qjibfm ugbt tf/

dcllje tdclbmi qjlcubfmtgb{ yct jw{jduje bm gr{fugjtbt 1a uf aj mjicubxj- Bm fqejq uf ujtu hfq bu bm ugj

dctj fh qjibfmt, yj cllfdcuje ugj lficqbugot fh ugj qjibfmcl jo{lfrjjt bmuf jszb{f{zlcuje abmt- Bm ugj

lbujqcuzqj ugj tucmecqe ejxbcubfm bt dfoofmlr ztje ct c ojctzqj hfq ugj dfmebubfmcl ebt{jqtbfm fh

iqfyug qcujt- Tbmdj ugj tucmecqe ejxbcubfm bt c {ffq bmebdcufq hfq ebt{jqtbfm bm dctj fh c mfm/mfqocl

ebtuqbazubfm, yj ebqjdulr jtubocuje ugj tdclj {cqcojujq c fh ugj Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm hfq ugj cttfdbcuje

iqfyug qcujt bmtbej jcdg jo{lfrojmu abm- Hbizqj 4 'ljhu {cmjl" tgfyt hfq fmj jwjo{lcqr bmeztuqr fm c

lfi/lfi tdclj ugj jtubocuje Tzaafubm tdclj {cqcojujqt c xjqtzt ugj cxjqcij jo{lfrojmu mzoajqt hfq

jcdg abm- Lb`jybtj uf hbqot cme dfzmuqbjt c dljcq {fyjq/lcy tdclbmi dcm aj fatjqxje, ygbdg dcm aj

ejtdqbaje ar ugj hfllfybmi lbmjcq qjlcubfmtgb{ fm lfi/tdclj>

lfi, lfi , '8"

ybug s ejmfubmi ugj abmt fq szcmubljt- Bmeztuqbjt ygbdg dfmucbm ofqj ugcm 7;; fatjqxcubfmt yjqj

ebxbeje bmuf 1; abmt cme bmeztuqbjt ybug cu ljctu 5;; fatjqxcubfmt bmuf 3; abmt- Gfyjxjq, bmeztuqbjt

ybug ljtt ugcm 5;; fatjqxcubfmt yjqj qjofxje jmubqjlr hqfo ugj tco{lj bm fqejq uf jmtzqj tucubtubdcl

qjlbcablbur- Ugj ejmtbur ebtuqbazubfmt fh ugj jtubocuje bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd tdclbmi jw{fmjmut cqjbllztuqcuje fm ugj qbigu {cmjl fh Hbi- 1- Cloftu cll jtubocuje tdclbmi jw{fmjmut tgfy ugj jw{jdujemjicubxj tbim cme xcqr ajuyjjm ugj uyf lbobubmi dctjt ; cme ;-:- Bm ugj ocnfqbur fh ugjdctjt, dfmdjmuqcujt cqfzme c xclzj fh;-1, ugzt dfmhbqobmi ugj hbmebmit hfq hbqot cme dfzmuqbjt'Cocqcl ju cl- 3229" cme bmebdcubmi ugj {qjtjmdj fh tfoj dfmtbejqcalj {ftbubxj bmujqcdubfmt ajuyjjm

ugj qjibfmt hbqot-


16/30

38

Hbizqj 1 Tdclbmi qjlcubfmtgb{ hfq cm jwjo{lcqr bmeztuqr 'ljhu {cmjl" cme ebtuqbazubfmt fh ugj jtubocuje

bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd tdclbmi jw{fmjmu 'qbigu {cmjl"

Ajbmi dfmhqfmuje ybug c tbimbhbdcmu ej{jmejmdj fh ugj ebt{jqtbfm fh ugj dfmebubfmcl ebtuqbazubfm fh

iqfyug qcujt fm ugj qjibfmcl jo{lfrojmu mzoajq, yj qjtdclje ugj iqfyug qcujt cddfqebmi uf>

i, i,

, '9"

Ugj dcldzlcubfm fh ugj bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd qjtdclje qjibfmcl iqfyug qcujt i, bt actje fm ugj Tzaafubm

ejmtbur ebtuqbazubfm- Hfq mfqoclb~cubfm, ugj cxjqcij jo{lfrojmu mzoajq fh cll bmeztuqbjt bt ztje- Fmlr

chujq qjtdclbmi cll xclzjt fhi, , ugjr dcm aj bmujq{qjuje ct ebhhjqjmu qjclb~cubfmt fh ugj tcoj tufdgctubd

{qfdjtt- Ugjtj qjtdclje iqfyug qcujt cqj hbmcllr cllfyje uf aj {fflje ufijugjq-


17/30

39

: Jo{bqbdcl qjtzlut

:-3 Hbuubmi fh ugj ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfm hfq qjibfmcl bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd iqfyug qcujt

C mfqocl ebtuqbazubfm fh ugj iqfyug qcujt ct ugj zmejqlrbmi ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfm bt qjnjduje ar

tjxjqcl tucmecqe {cqcojuqbd ujtut9 hfq xbquzcllr cll bmeztuqbjt, bmej{jmejmu fh ugj qjibfmcl ejhbmbubfm cme

bmeztuqbcl ljxjl cmclrtje 'tjj Uca- W1 bm ugj C{{jmebw"- Ugjqjhfqj, yj qjtuqbduje ugj cmclrtbt uf ugj

Lc{lcdj, Tzaafubm cme ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm- Ugj ojugfe jw{lcbmje bm tjdubfm 4 cllfyt hfq

bejmubhrbmi tj{cqcujlr hfq jcdg bmeztuqr ugj ajtu ebtuqbazubfm fzu fh ugj {fujmubcl dcmebecujt ar

dfzmujqaclcmdbmi ugj bo{qfxjojmut bm ugj iffemjtt fh hbu ybug ugj lftt fh ejiqjjt fh hqjjefo ezj uf

cm bmdqjctj fh ugj mzoajq fh {cqcojujqt 'Hcibflf ju cl- 1;;7"- Uca- 1 qj{fqut ugj 'qjlcubxj" mzoajqt fh

fddzqqjmdjt fh ugj ajtu hbuubmi ebtuqbazubfm bejmubhbje ar ugj lb`jlbgffe qcubf ujtu {qfdjezqj-

Ucalj 1 Qjtzlut fh ugj lb`jlbgffe qcubf ujtu hfq ugj bejmubhbdcubfm fh ugj ajtu hbuubmi ebtuqbazubfm

Lc{lcdjTzaafubm

troojuqbd

Tzaafubm

ctroojuqbdM

3

@T/Ujtu1

'G; qjnjduje"

LOQ/BCA 1/ebibu 3 '1*" 1 '5*" :; '25*" :4 :2*

LOQ/BCA 4/ebibu 4 '1*" 1; '3;*" 38: '77*" 377 91*

LOQ/BCA 5/ebibu 5 '3*" 49 '3;*" 431 '72*" 4:4 94*

LOQ/Jd`jr 1/ebibu : '3;*" 5 '9*" 54 '74*" :1 1;*

LOQ/Jd`jr 4/ebibu : '4*" 41 '37*" 355 '92*" 373 43*

LOQ/Jd`jr 5/ebibu 31 '5*" 55 '34*" 194 '74*" 412 48*

Ebtuqbdut 1/ebibu 3 '1*" 4 ':*" :3 '25*" :: 93*

Ebtuqbdut 4/ebibu 3 '3*" 38 '7*" 39: '23*" 321 92*

Ebtuqbdut 5/ebibu ; ';*" 12 '7*" 444 '21*" 481 7:*Mfuj> 3 Mzoajq fh bmeztuqbjt cmclr~je- Ugbt mzoajq xcqbjt ajuyjjm ebhhjqjmu ejhbmbubfmt fh qjibfmt, ajdcztj bmeztuqbjt ybug

ljtt ugcm 5;; fatjqxcubfmt yjqj jwdlzeje hqfo ugj tco{lj bm fqejq uf jmtzqj tucubtubdcl qjlbcablbur 'tjj tjdubfm 5-4"-

Hfq ugj ebhhjqjmu qjibfmcl ejhbmbubfmt, ugj mzoajq fh fatjqxcubfmt bt ugjfqjubdcllr ugj tcoj, gfyjxjq ugj ofqjejucblje ugj qjibfmcl ejlbobucubfmt cqj ugj ofqj obttbmi xclzjt cdqftt ugj qjibfmt mcuzqcllr fddzq-

1 @flofifqfx/Tobqmfx Ujtu ybug G; ugcu jo{bqbdcl ebtuqbazubfm bt bejmubdcl uf ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfm, gjqj ugjctroojuqbd Tzaafubm, cu tbimbhbdcmdj ljxjl fh ;-;:-

Ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm qjtzlut uf aj ugj ajtu dgfbdj fzu fh ugj ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfmt

hfq ejtdqbabmi qjibfmcl bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd iqfyug bm ofqj ugcm hfzq fzu fh hbxj dctjt- Bm fqejq uf cttjtt

but cejszcdr uf ejtdqbaj ugj jo{bqbdcl iqfyug qcujt ebtuqbazubfm, ugj qjlcubxj qjnjdubfm hqjszjmdr fh ugj

9

Yj jo{lfrje ugj @flofifqfx/Tobqmfx mfqoclbur ujtu, ugj Ncqszj/Ajqc ujtu hfq c ejxbcubfm hqfo mfqoclbur bm ujqot fh`zquftbt fq t`jymjtt fq afug 'NCQSZJ ( AJQC 327;", cme ugj Cmtdfoaj/Ilrmm ujtu hfq c ejxbcubfm hqfo mfqoclbur bm ujqot

fh cm jwdjtt `zquftbt 'CMTDFOAJ ( ILRMM 3274"-


18/30

37

@flofifqfx/Tobqmfx ujtu bt qj{fquje bm ugj lctu dflzom fh Uca- 1- Tbmdj ugj mzoajq fh fatjqxcubfmt bt

qjlcubxjlr gbig, clqjcer tocll ejxbcubfmt tzhhbdj uf qjnjdu G;- Cd`mfyljeibmi ugbt, c dfmtbejqcalj

bo{qfxjojmu fh ugj hbu uf ugj jo{bqbdcl ecuc dfo{cqje ybug ugj mfqocl ebtuqbazubfm, ygbdg yct

qjnjduje dfmtbtujmulr, dcm aj cdgbjxje- Ugbt gflet jt{jdbcllr uqzj bm ugj dctj fh lcafzq ocq`ju qjibfmt

ct ejhbmje ar Jd`jr, hfq ygbdg ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm bt fmlr qjnjduje bm 1;* 'hfq 1/ebibu

bmeztuqbjt" uf 48* 'hfq 5/ebibu bmeztuqbjt" fh ugj dctjt, ygjqjct ugj fugjq qjibfmcl ejhbmbubfmt tgfy c

gbigjq qjnjdubfm qcuj- Ugj ebhhjqjmdj ajuyjjm ugj ugqjj ejhbmbubfmt fh qjibfmt dcm aj jw{lcbmje, fm ugj

fmj gcme, ar c gbigjq mzoajq fh fatjqxcubfmt hfq ebtuqbdut '534 t{cubcl zmbut" cme BCA lcafzq ocq`ju

qjibfmt '19; t{cubcl zmbut" bm dfo{cqbtfm uf Jd`jr '3:; t{cubcl zmbut", ygbdg bmdqjctjt ugj ujtu {fyjq

cme dfmtjszjmulr ugj {qfacablbur fh c mzll qjnjdubfm- Fm ugj fugjq gcme, gfyjxjq, ugj Jd`jr ejhbmbubfm

obigu aj oftu cejszcuj bm ujqot fh ejtdqbabmi ugj bmuqc/qjibfmcl hjjeacd` lff{t ojdgcmbtot ygbdg

ljce uf ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm- Ugj tcoj cqizojmu dfzle aj {zu hfqycqe uf jw{lcbm ugj

lfyjq qjnjdubfm qcujt cu ugj 1/ebibu bmeztuqbcl ciiqjicubfm ljxjl-

C dlftjq lff` cu ugj jtubocuje {cqcojujqt hfq ugj tdclj 'cljhucme cqbigu" ct yjll ct ugj tgc{j 'aljhucme

aqbigu" fh ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm qjxjclt hzqugjq bmtbigut bmuf ugj tufdgctubd {qf{jqubjt fh

qjibfmcl bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd iqfyug {qfdjtt 'tjj Hbi- 4"-

Hbizqj 4 Ejmtbur ebtuqbazubfmt fh ugj jtubocuje {cqcojujqt cljhu,cqbigu, aljhucme aqbigu fh ugj ctroojuqbd

Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm-


19/30

32

Ugj ljhu {cmjl fh Hbi- 4 dfmuqctut ugj qjt{jdubxj qbigu cme ljhu tbej tdclj {cqcojujqt cljhucme cqbigu,ygbdg

yjqj jtubocuje tj{cqcujlr hfq cll bmeztuqbjt- Iqfyug qcujt ugcu cqj ajlfy ugj ijmjqcl uqjme o ujme uf

gcxj c tlbigulr gbigjq ebt{jqtbfm ugcm ugj iqfyug qcujt cafxj ugj uqjme- Ugj Ybldfwfm tbimje/qcm` ujtu

dfmhbqot c tbimbhbdcmu ebhhjqjmdj hfq cll mbmj dfoabmcubfmt fh bmeztuqbcl ljxjlt cme qjibfmcl ejhbmbubfmt-

Ebhhjqjmdjt ajuyjjm afug tbejt fh ugj ebtuqbazubfm cqj jxjm ofqj {qfmfzmdje bm dctj fh ugj tgc{j

{cqcojujqt 'tjj qbigu {cmjl fh Hbi- 4"> aljhubt tbimbhbdcmulr toclljq ugcm aqbigu- Ugbt ojcmt ugcu qjibfmt

cqj ofqj {qfmj uf jw{jqbjmdj jwuqjoj mjicubxj iqfyug jxjmut ugcm jwuqjoj {ftbubxj jxjmut- Azu afug

ugj ucblt fm ugj ljhu cme fm ugj qbigu tbej cqj hcuujq ugcm ugj qjt{jdubxj ucblt fh ugj mfqocl ebtuqbazubfm ' a

? 1" cme, bm oftu bmeztuqbjt, jxjm ugcm ugj ucblt fh ugj Lc{lcdj ebtuqbazubfm 'a ? 3"-

Bu dfzle aj cqizje ugcu ugj bmhlzjmdj fh ojdgcmbtot qjt{fmtbalj hfq hcu ucblt ocr hcej cycr ygjm

lfmijq uboj gfqb~fmt cqj dfmtbejqje- Dfmtjszjmulr, c {qfiqjttbxj mfqoclb~cubfm fh ugj iqfyug qcujt

ebtuqbazubfm tgfzle uc`j {lcdj ct cm jhhjdu fh ugj djmuqcl lbobu ugjfqjo, ygbdg gflet zmejq ugj

cttzo{ubfm ugcu iqfyug jxjmut ajdfoj ofqj bmej{jmejmu fxjq uboj 'Afuuc~~b ( Tjddgb 1;;8c"- Uf ujtu

ebhhjqjmu uboj t{cmt, yj dfmtuqzduje ugj iqfyug qcujt hfq c fmj rjcq z{ uf cm jbigu rjcq uboj/lci,

tucqubmi clycrt ybug ugj jo{lfrojmu mzoajqt fh 3222- Hbi- 5 tgfyt ugcu ugj tgc{j {cqcojujq a hfq

afug tbejt bmdqjctjt tlbigulr ybug uboj, azu qjocbmt tubll hcq hqfo ugj mfqocl xclzj 1- Qcugjq ugj

ojebcm xclzjt fhaljhucme aqbigu c{{qfcdg ugj Lc{lcdj ebtuqbazubfm- Bm tzoocqr, jwuqjoj iqfyug jxjmut

cqj {qfobmjmu hjcuzqjt fh qjibfmcl bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd iqfyug, bmej{jmejmu fh uboj tdcljt, bmeztuqbcl

ciiqjicubfm ljxjlt fq qjibfmcl ejhbmbubfmt-


20/30

1;

Hbizqj 5 Ej{jmejmdj fh ugj tgc{j {cqcojujqt aljhucme aqbigu 'cme ugjbq dfmhbejmdj acmet" fm ugj uboj

lci hfq i,,

:-1 Ugj lbm` ajuyjjm ugj obdqf/ cme ugj ojtf/ljxjl

Bm gr{fugjtbt 1c bu yct jw{jduje ugcu ugj gbigjq ugj mzoajq fh hbqot fh cm bmeztuqr bt, ugj hctujq ugj

ebtuqbazubfm fh ugj qjibfmcl iqfyug qcujt c{{qfcdgjt uf c mfqocl tgc{j- Tbmdj ugj Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm

iqcezcllr ofxjt fmuf c mfqocl fmj ygjm ugj tgc{j {cqcojujq a cttzojt 1, yj {lfuuje bm Hbi- : ugj

'lfi" cxjqcij mzoajq fh hbqot fh cm bmeztuqr cicbmtu aljhuct yjll ct aqbigu-


21/30

13

Hbizqj : Qjlcubfmtgb{ ajuyjjm ugj lfi mzoajq fh hbqot cme ugj tgc{j {cqcojujqt aljhucme aqbigu

Hfq cll ljxjlt fh bmxjtubicubfm c tuqfmi {ftbubxj dfqqjlcubfm bt {qjtjmu, ybug ugj jw{lcbmje xcqbcmdj 'Q"

bm c tbo{lj lbmjcq qjiqjttbfm ofejl qcmibmi hqfo ;-38 uf ;-84- Ugj qjxjclje qjlcubfmtgb{ ajuyjjm ugj

ucbl ajgcxbfzq cme ugj mzoajq fh hbqot fh cm bmeztuqr tz{{fqut ugj bejc ugcu ugj fatjqxje {cuujqm fm ugj

ojtf/ljxjl fh qjibfmt uf c dfmtbejqcalj ejiqjj bt ugj qjtzlu fh ciiqjicubfm fh cll obdqf/ljxjl hbqo

iqfyug qcuj ebtuqbazubfmt ybugbm c tbmilj qjibfm- Q bt bm ijmjqcl lfyjq hfq ugj qbigu ucbl fh ugj

ebtuqbazubfmt, tziijtubmi ugcu hcdufqt fugjq ugcm ugj mzoajq fh hbqot fh cm bmeztuqr cqj ofqj bo{fqucmu

bm jw{lcbmbmi {ftbubxj iqfyug jxjmut- Ofqjfxjq, bu dcm aj fatjqxje ugcu jxjm hfq oftu fh ugftj

bmeztuqbjt ybug ugj gbigjtu cxjqcij qjibfmcl hbqo mzoajqt ajuyjjm c hjy gzmeqjet z{ uf cloftu 38;;,

aljhucme aqbigu tucr xbtbalr ajlfy ugj xclzj fh ugj mfqocl ebtuqbazubfm- Hcu ucblt qjocbm ezj uf tfoj

zmejqlrbmi dfqqjlcubmi ojdgcmbtot, ygbdg ugjqjhfqj oztu yfq` cu ugj qjibfmcl ljxjl- Hzqugjq

bmxjtubicubfm bt mjjeje uf ebtjmucmilj trtujocubdcllr afug ugj jhhjdut tujoobmi hqfo {zqj ciiqjicubfm

fh ugj obdqf jmububjt cme hqfo dfqqjlcubmi ojdgcmbtot yfq`bmi cu ugj gbigjq ljxjl fh qjibfmt-


22/30

11

:-4 Qjlcubfm ajuyjjm ur{j fh bmeztuqr cme tufdgctubd dgcqcdujqbtubdt fh qjibfmcl iqfyug

Uf cttjtt ugj qjlcubfmtgb{ ajuyjjm ugj tufdgctubd dgcqcdujqbtubdt fh qjibfmcl jo{lfrojmu iqfyug cme

ugj ur{j fh bmeztuqr, yj iqfz{je cll bmeztuqbjt cddfqebmi uf ugj hfllfybmi dlcttbhbdcubfmt>

/ Jdfmfobd tjdufq> ugj tjdfmecqr fq ocmzhcduzqbmi tjdufq 'bmeztuqbjt hqfo Y^ 3: uf 5:" dcm ajebtubmizbtgje hqfo ugj ujqubcqr fq tjqxbdj tjdufq 'Y^ :; uf 22"- Ugj {qbocqr tjdufq yct

jwdlzeje ajdcztj bu dfmucbmt uff lbuulj fatjqxcubfmt-

/ @mfyljeij bmujmtbur> cll bmeztuqbjt dcm aj dlcttbhbje ygjugjq ugjr cqj `mfyljeij bmujmtbxj fqmfm/`mfyljeij bmujmtbxj- Ugj cttbimojmu gjqj bt actje fm Ljiljq ( Hqbjutdg '1;;8" ybug 4/

ebibu bmeztuqbjt ct ugj gbigjtu ljxjl fh ebtciiqjicubfm-

/ [cxbuu ucwfmfor> hfzq dcujifqbjt dcm aj ebhhjqjmubcuje fm ugj 1/ebibu ljxjl, mcojlr tdbjmdj/actje, t{jdbclbtje tz{{lbjqt, tdclj bmujmtbxj cme tz{{lbjq efobmcuje bmeztuqbjt- Yj ztje ugj

qjxbtje [cxbuu ucwfmfor ar Afilbcdbmf ( [bcmub '1;3;", ajdcztj ugjr cltf ceeqjtt tjqxbdj

bmeztuqbjt 'z{ uf Y^ 95"-

Ztbmi ugjtj dlcttbhbdcubfm tdgjojt, yj ugjm hfllfy c uyf/tuj{ {qfdjezqj- Hbqtu, yj qjiqjtt ugj

jtubocuje ebtuqbazubfmcl {cqcojujqt aljhu, aqbigu, cljhu cme cqbigu fh ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm ybug ugj

cxjqcij 'lfi" mzoajq fh hbqot- Ugbt bt mjdjttcqr ajdcztj ugj cxjqcij 'lfi" mzoajq fh hbqot bt afug

dfqqjlcuje ybug ugj ebtuqbazubfmcl {cqcojujqt 'tjj ugj {qjxbfzt tjdubfm" cme ugj ur{jt fh bmeztuqbjt- Hfq

ugbt {zq{ftj, c qfaztu OO/ur{j lbmjcq qjiqjttbfm bt jo{lfrje, tbmdj gjujqftdjectubdbur cme c mfm/

mfqocl ebtuqbazuje jqqfq/ujqo, ocbmlr ezj uf ugj jhhjdu fh fzulbjqt bm ugj ej{jmejmu xcqbcaljt, cqj

{qjtjmu 'tjj Uca- W4 bm ugj C{{jmebw"- Yj cqj mfu bmujqjtuje bm ugj tucmecqe qjtzlut fh ugbt qjiqjttbfm

azu bm ugj qjtbezclt hfq jcdg bmeztuqr- Ugj qjtbezclt {qfxbej bmhfqocubfm cafzu ygjugjq jcdg bmeztuqr

gct gbigjq fq lfyjq {cqcojujq xclzjt aljhu, aqbigu, cljhucme cqbigu ugcm cxjqcij- Bm c tjdfme tuj{, yj ujtu

ygjugjq ugj iqfz{t fh fzq xcqbfzt bmeztuqbcl dlcttbhbdcubfmt tgfy tbimbhbdcmu ejxbcubfmt bm ugj

{cqcojujqt hqfo ugj ygflj jdfmfort cxjqcij- Uf ugbt jme, yj {jqhfqo ugj @qzt`cl/Ycllbt qcm` tzo

ujtu fh ugj mzll gr{fugjtbt ugcu ugj ojebcm xclzjt cqj jszcl bm jcdg iqfz{ '@qzt`cl ( Ycllbt 32:1"-

Ugbt ujtu dcm aj dfmtbejqje ct c mfm/{cqcojuqbd clujqmcubxj uf ugj tbmilj/hcdufq cmclrtbt fh xcqbcmdj

'Afqu~ ju cl- 1;;7> 111"- Dfmebubfmcl ojebcm xclzjt fh ugj qjtbezclt cme tbimbhbdcmu ebhhjqjmdjt cqj


23/30

14

qj{fquje bm Uca- 4c hfq ugj ocmzhcduzqbmi cme tjqxbdj tjdufqt, bm Uca- 4a hfq ugj `mfyljeij bmujmtbur

dlcttbhbdcubfm tdgjoj, cme bm Uca- 4d hfq ugj qjxbtje [cxbuu ucwfmfor-

Ucalj 4c Dfmebubfmcl ojebcm xclzjt fh ugj qjtbezclt cme tbimbhbdcmu ebhhjqjmdjt '@qzt`cl/Ycllbt ujtu"

Jdfmfobd tjdufq } cljhu } cqbigu } aljhu } aqbigu

LOQ/BCA 1/ebibuocmzhcduzqbmi ;-;;; ;-;;1 ;-;;9 /;-;12

tjqxbdj ;-;;; ;-;;3 /;-;13 ;-;44

LOQ/BCA 4/ebibuocmzhcduzqbmi /;-;;3 /;-;;3. /;-;;7 /;-;55

tjqxbdj ;-;;; ;-;;8. ;-;;; /;-;;3

LOQ/BCA 5/ebibuocmzhcduzqbmi /;-;;1 /;-;;5.. /;-;;2 /;-;54

tjqxbdj ;-;;4 ;-;;4.. ;-;;: ;-;18

LOQ/Jd`jr 1/ebibuocmzhcduzqbmi ;-;;5 ;-;;; /;-;;4 /;-;;9

tjqxbdj /;-;;1 ;-;;3 /;-;:8 ;-;;:

LOQ/Jd`jr 4/ebibu

ocmzhcduzqbmi /;-;;3 ;-;;;. /;-;;: /;-;55

tjqxbdj ;-;;; ;-;;1. /;-;11 /;-;;:

LOQ/Jd`jr 5/ebibuocmzhcduzqbmi /;-;;3 /;-;;3 /;-;31 /;-;47

tjqxbdj /;-;;3 /;-;;3 /;-;;2 ;-;33

Ebtuqbdut 1/ebibuocmzhcduzqbmi /;-;;1 /;-;;3 ;-;31 /;-;13

tjqxbdj ;-;;3 ;-;;; /;-;39 /;-;;4

Ebtuqbdut 4/ebibuocmzhcduzqbmi /;-;;1 /;-;;8... /;-;;4 /;-;8.

tjqxbdj ;-;;4 ;-;;:... /;-;;4 ;-;43.

Ebtuqbdut 5/ebibuocmzhcduzqbmi /;-;;5 /;-;;8.. /;-;3: /;-;:7

tjqxbdj ;-;;3 ;-;;4.. /;-;;8 ;-;;2

Mfuj> ... {


24/30

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Ucalj 4d Dfmebubfmcl ojebcm xclzjt fh ugj qjtbezclt cme tbimbhbdcmu ebhhjqjmdjt '@qzt`cl/Ycllbt ujtu"

Qjxbtje [cxbuu ucwfmfor } cljhu } cqbigu } aljhu } aqbigu

LOQ/BCA 1/ebibu

tz{{lbjq efobmcuje ;-;;1.. /;-;;3. ;-;;9 ;-;4:tdclj bmujmtbxj /;-;31.. /;-;;2. /;-;33 ;-;;4

t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt ;-;;3.. ;-;;3. /;-;9; /;-3;;

tdbjmdj actje ;-;55.. ;-;42. /;-;:: /;-;;4

LOQ/BCA 4/ebibu

tz{{lbjq efobmcuje ;-;;; /;-;;4... ;-;;9 ;-;11tdclj bmujmtbxj /;-;;7 /;-;;2... ;-;;; /;-;75

t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt ;-;;5 ;-;;8... /;-;11 /;-;75tdbjmdj actje ;-;18 ;-;4:... /;-;42 /;-3;:

LOQ/BCA5/ebibu

tz{{lbjq efobmcuje ;-;;; /;-;;3.. ;-;38. ;-;43tdclj bmujmtbxj /;-;;7 /;-;;2.. ;-;;2. /;-;43

t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt ;-;;; ;-;;5.. /;-;3:. /;-;27tdbjmdj actje ;-;48 ;-;4;.. /;-;5. /;-345

LOQ/Jd`jr 1/ebibu

tz{{lbjq efobmcuje ;-;;:.. /;-;;1. ;-;54 ;-;;7

tdclj bmujmtbxj /;-;;2.. /;-;;9. /;-;34 /;-;12t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt ;-;;1.. ;-;;4. /;-;48 /;-;55

tdbjmdj actje ;-;47.. ;-;17. /;-;29 ;-;1;

LOQ/Jd`jr 4/ebibu

tz{{lbjq efobmcuje /;-;;3 /;-;;3... ;-;;: ;-;5:tdclj bmujmtbxj /;-;;8 /;-;3;... ;-;;4 /;-;8:

t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt ;-;;3 ;-;;:... /;-;11 /;-;48tdbjmdj actje ;-;34 ;-;14... /;-;48 /;-;95

LOQ/Jd`jr 5/ebibu

tz{{lbjq efobmcuje /;-;;1 /;-;;3.. /;-;;4. ;-;44.

tdclj bmujmtbxj /;-;;9 /;-;;5.. ;-;14. /;-;41.

t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt ;-;;3 ;-;;:.. /;-;12. /;-;9:.

tdbjmdj actje ;-;34 ;-;1;.. /;-;57. /;-;79.

Ebtuqbdut 1/ebibu

tz{{lbjq efobmcuje ;-;;4.. ;-;;;. ;-;13 ;-;8;.tdclj bmujmtbxj /;-;33.. /;-;31. ;-;;9 /;-;85.

t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt /;-;;:.. ;-;;4. /;-;39 /;-;8:.tdbjmdj actje ;-;51.. ;-;1:. /;-;:9 ;-;;9.

Ebtuqbdut 4/ebibu

tz{{lbjq efobmcuje ;-;;1. /;-;;5.. ;-;;2 ;-;54.tdclj bmujmtbxj /;-;31. /;-;;8.. /;-;;2 /;-;54.

t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt ;-;;;. ;-;;;.. ;-;;5 /;-;28.tdbjmdj actje ;-;55. ;-;43.. /;-;55 /;-;:9.

Ebtuqbdut 5/ebibu

tz{{lbjq efobmcuje ;-;;;.. /;-;;3.. ;-;31. ;-;18..

tdclj bmujmtbxj /;-;34.. /;-;;8.. /;-;;9. /;-;13..t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt /;-;;3.. ;-;;;.. /;-;33. /;-3;8..

tdbjmdj actje ;-;47.. ;-;45.. /;-;55. /;-;24..

Mfuj> ... {


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fh mbmj dctjt tbimbhbdcmu" ujme uf aj cddfo{cmbje ar c gbigjq ebt{jqtbfm fh ugjbq cafxj ugj cxjqcij

iqfyug qcujt ugcm dfqqjt{fmebmi ocmzhcduzqbmi bmeztuqbjt cme mfm/`mfyljeij bmujmtbxj bmeztuqbjt- Mf

tbimbhbdcmu ebhhjqjmdjt cqj hfzme hfq cljhu hfq ugjtj uyf dlcttbhbdcubfm tdgjojt- Iqfz{je cddfqebmi uf

[cxbuut ucwfmfor, c gbigjq gjujqfijmjbur fh ugj bmeztuqbjt dcm aj fatjqxje tdbjmdj actje bmeztuqbjt

tgfy ugj gbigjtu ebt{jqtbfm cme tdclj bmujmtbxj bmeztuqbjt ugj lfyjtu ebt{jqtbfm fh iqfyug qcujt fm

afug tbejt fh ugj ebtuqbazubfm- Gjmdj, yj hbme ugcu `mfyljeij/bmujmtbxj, tdbjmdj actje cme tjqxbdj

bmeztuqbjt tgfy gbigjq hlzduzcubfmt bm ugjbq qjibfmcl iqfyug ermcobdt- Hfq tdbjmdj actje bmeztuqbjt

ugbt gflet hfq iqfyug ct yjll ct ejdlbmj- Bm ugj dctj fh `mfyljeij/bmujmtbxj cme tjqxbdj bmeztuqbjt ugj

gbigjq hlzduzcubfm bt fmlr ibxjm hfq {ftbubxj iqfyug jxjmut-

Hzqugjq bmujqjtubmi dgcqcdujqbtubdt fh ugj iqfyug {qfdjtt qjtbej bm ugj {qfacablbur fh c qjibfmcl

jdfmfor uf aj chhjduje ar jwuqjoj iqfyug jxjmut, ygbdg bt jw{qjttje ar ugj hcu ucblt fh ugj

ebtuqbazubfm- Ocmzhcduzqbmi cme tjqxbdj bmeztuqbjt tgfy bm ijmjqcl mf tbimbhbdcmu ebhhjqjmdjt bm ugjbq

ucbl ajgcxbfzqt- Qjtzlut hfq [cxbuut ucwfmfor cqj obwje- Mjicubxj hcu ucblt tjjo uf aj ofqj

{qfmfzmdje bm tdbjmdj actje bmeztuqbjt cme ljtt {qfmfzmdje bm tz{{lbjq efobmcuje cme tdclj bmujmtbxj

bmeztuqbjt, ygjqjct {ftbubxj hcu ucblt cqj ofqj {qjtjmu bm t{jdbclb~je tz{{lbjqt bmeztuqbjt cme ljtt

{qjtjmu bm tz{{lbjq efobmcuje bmeztuqbjt- Gjmdj, jt{jdbcllr tz{{lbjq efobmcuje bmeztuqbjt dfmtbtujmulr

bmebdcuj c ujmejmdr uf aj ljtt chhjduje ar jwuqjoj iqfyug jxjmut- Hbmcllr, ct tuqfmilr qfaztu jxbejmdj

bu bt hfzme ugcu `mfyljeij/bmujmtbxj bmeztuqbjt gcxj tbimbhbdcmulr hcuujq ucblt ugcm mfm/`mfyljeij

bmujmtbxj bmeztuqbjt- Bm fugjq yfqet, bmeztuqbjt ygjqj `mfyljeij cme bmmfxcubfm cttzoj cm bo{fqucmu

qflj bm {qfezdubfm cqj ofqj jw{ftje uf jw{jqbjmdj jwuqjoj mjicubxj ct yjllt ct jwuqjoj {ftbubxj

iqfyug jxjmut-

8 Dfmdlztbfmt

Bm ugbt {c{jq yj hbme ugcu ugj ctroojuqbd Tzaafubm ebtuqbazubfm bt ugj ugjfqjubdcl ebtuqbazubfm ugcu

ejtdqbajt ajtu bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd jo{lfrojmu iqfyug bm qjibfmt- Ugj jtubocuje ebtuqbazubfmcl

{cqcojujqt tgfy ugcu ugj iqfyug qcujt hfllfy c ujmu/lb`j tgc{j ybug ucblt tbimbhbdcmulr hcuujq ugcm ugj

mfqocl cme Lc{lcdj ebtuqbazubfm cdqftt cll bmeztuqbjt cmclrtje- Ejt{buj ugj ciiqjicuj mcuzqj fh qjibfmt,


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jwuqjoj iqfyug jxjmut cqj ofqj {qfacalj uf fddzq ugcm dfzle aj jw{jduje zmejq c mfqocl ecuc/

ijmjqcubmi {qfdjtt- C dfo{cqbtfm fh afug tbejt fh ugj ebtuqbazubfm qjxjclje ugcu {cqubdzlcqlr jwuqjoj

mjicubxj iqfyug jxjmut cqj c {qfobmjmu hjcuzqj fh qjibfmcl iqfyug ermcobdt- Ugbt qbdg tucubtubdcl

tuqzduzqj bm ermcobdt 'Eftb ju cl- 1;3;> 3791" fh jdfmfobd jmububjt lb`j qjibfmt gcxj bo{fqucmu

bo{lbdcubfmt hfq afug ugjfqr cme ofejllbmi-

Jdfmfobd ugjfqr oztu if ajrfme tbo{lr hfdztbmi fm cme jw{lcbmbmi ugj cxjqcij ermcobdt fh

qjibfmcl iqfyug- Bm cm jxflzubfmcqr dfmujwu, {jqtbtujmu bmujqcdubfmt ajuyjjm hbqot ct ugj cduzcl

jdfmfobd cijmut ljce uf cm fatjqxje mfm/mfqocl ajgcxbfzq cu gbigjq ljxjlt fh ugj jdfmfor 'Eftb ju

cl- 1;3;"- Ugj {qfmfzmdje jwuqjoj mjicubxj iqfyug jxjmut dljcqlr ejofmtuqcuj ugcu qjibfmcl

jdfmfobjt f{jqcuj bm c ejdcej fh ozlub{lj dqbtjt- Ugj mjdjttbur fh c tgbhu bm ugj hfdzt hqfo ugj ojcm uf

ugj ucblt fh ugj ebtuqbazubfm bt qjhljduje ar qjdjmu cexcmdjt bm ugj qjibfmcl ejxjlf{ojmu lbujqcuzqj,

ygjqj dfmdj{ut lb`j qjibfmcl xzlmjqcablbur cme qjtblbjmdj gcxj ajjm bmuqfezdje 'j-i- [b`j ju cl- 1;3;0

Tboobj ( Ocqubm 1;3;"- Bh tucablbur bm qjibfmcl iqfyug bt ugj cbo fh {flbdr, c ajuujq zmejqtucmebmi fh

ugj dcztjt fh jwuqjoj jxjmut cme ugj cablbur fh qjibfmcl jdfmfobjt uf df{j ybug ugjo bt fh gbig

qjljxcmdj-

Jw{lcbmbmi qjibfmcl jdfmfobd iqfyug ybug ofqj qjclbtubd ofejlt bt c hzqugjq ocnfq dgclljmij hfq

jdfmfobd ijfiqc{gjqt cme qjibfmcl tdbjmubtut- Tucubtubdcl bmhjqjmdj hqfo jdfmfobd ofejlt actje fm

ugj cttzo{ubfm ugcu ugj fatjqxcubfmt cqj eqcym hqfo c mfqocl ebtuqbazubfm ocr ejlbxjq bmxclbe

bo{lbdcubfmt 'Hcibflf ju cl- 1;;7"- Tbmdj mfqocl ebtuqbazuje jqqfqt cqj fhujm bmc{{qf{qbcuj uf tuzer

mcuzqcl {gjmfojmc '@fjm`jq ( Acttjuu 3297", uyf c{{qfcdgjt tjjo uf aj {qfobtbmi hfq jw{lcbmbmi

qjibfmcl iqfyug- Fm ugj fmj gcme, mjy bmtbigut bmuf ugj ermcobdt fh iqfyug dcm aj icbmje ar lff`bmi

cu ugj jmubqj tgc{j fh ugj ebtuqbazubfm xbc szcmublj qjiqjttbfm ujdgmbszjt, ct tziijtuje ar Dfce '1;;9"

fq Qjbdgtujbm ju cl- '1;3;"- Fm ugj fugjq gcme, ugj jtubocubfm fh ugj ofejlt dcm aj {jqhfqoje ebqjdulr

fm ugj cttzo{ubfm fh hcu/ucblje jqqfqt 'Obmjf 1;;40 Hcibflf ju cl- 1;;7"-

Hbmcllr, bm cm cuujo{u uf jw{lcbm ugj jojqijmdj fh ugj tufdgctubd {qf{jqubjt fh qjibfmcl bmeztuqr/

t{jdbhbd jo{lfrojmu iqfyug yj hbme ugcu ugj jdfmfobd obdqf/tuqzduzqj bm ujqot fh ugj mzoajq fh

hbqot fh cm bmeztuqr ocuujq- Ugj fatjqxje {cuujqmt cu ugj ojtf/ljxjl fh qjibfmt cqj uf c dfmtbejqcalj

ejiqjj ugj qjtzlu fh ugj ciiqjicubfm fh cll obdqf/ljxjl hbqo iqfyug qcujt ebtuqbazubfmt ybugbm c tbmilj


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qjibfm- Gfyjxjq, jxjm ugj iqfyug qcujt fh ugftj bmeztuqbjt, ygbdg jmdfo{ctt ugj gbigjtu mzoajqt fh

hbqot, cqj hcq hqfo ajbmi mfqocl ebtuqbazuje- Ugj fatjqxje hcu ucblt gcxj uf aj cuuqbazuje uf tfoj

zmejqlrbmi dfqqjlcubmi cme tjlh/qjbmhfqdbmi ojdgcmbtot yfq`bmi cu ugj ojtf/ljxjl fh qjibfmt- Gjqj,

ugj qjocbmbmi xcqbcmdj fh ugj ebtuqbazubfmcl {cqcojujqt fh ugj bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd iqfyug qcujt cqj {zu

bmuf qjlcubfm uf xcqbfzt bmeztuqbcl dlcttbhbdcubfm tdgjojt- Ugj oftu dljcq/dzu qjtzlu bt hfzme hfq ugj

tgc{j {cqcojujq a> `mfyljeij/bmujmtbxj bmeztuqbjt cqj tbimbhbdcmulr ofqj jw{ftje uf jw{jqbjmdj

jwuqjoj mjicubxj ct yjllt ct jwuqjoj {ftbubxj iqfyug jxjmut- Ocmr hzqugjq {fujmubcl jdfmfobd

ojdgcmbtot 'Clhcqcmf ( Obl`fxbd 1;;7> 195" ocr aj calj uf jw{lcbm ugj jojqijmdj fh hcu/ucblje

ebtuqbazubfmt cu ugj qjibfmcl ljxjl- Ofqj lbigu dfzle aj tgje fm ugj ejujqobmcmut fh ugj ebtuqbazubfmcl

dgcqcdujqbtubdt ar jw{lbdbulr uc`bmi bmuf cddfzmu {gjmfojmc lb`j bmeztuqr lbhj drdljt, ejocme tgfd`t,

ilfacl bmujiqcubfm, ugj qjlcubxj hqjszjmdr fh lzo{r iqfyug jxjmut lb`j ugj jmuqr fh mjy fq ugj jwbu fh

jwbtubmi hbqot, fq ugj ejiqjj fh bo{fqucmdj fh bmmfxcubxj cme ugjqjhfqj bmgjqjmulr ebtuzqabmi cdubxbubjt-

Ajtbejt ugj ajhfqj ojmubfmje bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd hcdufqt, t{cubcl ojctzqjt ct ebqjdu {qfwbjt hfq

dfqqjlcubfm ojdgcmbtot cu ugj ljxjl fh qjibfmt ocr gcxj jw{lcmcufqr {fyjq ybug qjt{jdu uf ugj

ebtuqbazubfmcl {cqcojujqt- Ugj tuqjmiug cme dfmhbizqcubfm fh t{cubcl bmujqcdubfmt ajuyjjm qjibfmt, ugj

tuqzduzqcl dgcqcdujqbtubdt fh qjibfmt 'hfq bmtucmdj, zqacm xjqtzt qzqcl cqjct", fq ugj jwujme fh t{cubcl

dfmdjmuqcubfm fh bmmfxcubxj cdubxbubjt 'Hfqmcgl ( Aqjmmjq 1;;2" cqj jw{jduje uf bmhlzjmdj ugj

ebt{jqtbfm fh qjibfmcl bmeztuqr/t{jdbhbd jo{lfrojmu iqfyug ct yjll ct ugj jw{ftzqj fh qjibfmt uf

jw{jqbjmdj jwuqjoj iqfyug jxjmut-


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Lbujqcuzqj

Ciqf I '322:" Ocwbozo lb`jlbgffe jtubocubfm hfq ugj jw{fmjmubcl {fyjq hzmdubfm {cqcojujqt- Dfoozmbdcubfmtbm Tucubtubdt/Tbozlcubfm cme Dfo{zucubfm 15> :14/:48

Clhcqcmcf T, Oblc`fxbd O '1;;7" Efjt dlcttbdcl dfo{jububfm jw{lcbm ugj tucubtubdcl hjcuzqjt fh hbqo iqfyug6

Jdfmfobd Ljuujqt 3;3> 191/195Cocqcl L, Azlerqjx T, Gcxlbm T, Occtt [, Tclbmijq O, Tucmljr J, Tucmljr O '3229" Tdclbmi ajgcxbfq bm

jdfmfobdt> Ugj {qfaljo fh szcmubhrbmi dfo{cmr iqfyug-[grtbdc C 155> 3/15Cocqcl L, If{b`qbtgmcm [, [ljqfz X, Tucmljr J '1;;3" C ofejl hfq ugj iqfyug ermcobdt fh jdfmfobd

fqicmb~cubfmt-[grtbdc C 122> 319/348Cmtdfoaj H, Ilrmm Y '3274" Ebtuqbazubfm fh `zquftbt tucubtubd hfq mfqocl tucubtubdt-Abfojuqb`c 9;> 119/145Cwujll Q '1;;3" ^b{h ebtuqbazubfm fh ZT hbqo tb~jt- Tdbjmdj 124> 3737/371;Abmejq N, Tdgyjmiljq A '1;;8" Mjzjq Ijabjut~ztdgmbuu ejq Cqajbutocqùqjibfmjm bo Qczo Ajqlbm zme

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Afuuc~~b I, Dfce C, Ncdfar M, Tjddgb C '1;33" Dfq{fqcuj iqfyug cme bmeztuqbcl ermcobdt> Jxbejmdj hqfo

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t{jdbhbdbubjt-Jo{bqbdcl Jdfmfobdt 49> 59:/52:Dgjtgbqj [, Ocljd`b J '1;;5" Iqfyug, ejxjlf{ojmu, cme bmmfxcubfm> C lff` acd`ycqe cme hfqycqe- [c{jqt bm

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cme Tucubtubdt 75> 324/1;5Eztdgl O, Tdgbo`j T, Aqjmmjq U, Lzwjm E '1;33"> Hbqo Iqfyug cme ugj T{cubcl Bo{cdu fh Ijflfdcuje Jwujqmcl

Hcdufqt> Jo{bqbdcl Jxbejmdj hfq Ijqocmr Ocmzhcduzqbmi Hbqot- Ocqazqi Yfq`bmi [c{jq fm Bmmfxcubfmcme T{cdj ;4&33-

Jd`jr G, @fthjle Q, Uqd` O '1;;8" Caiqjm~zmi ejzutdgjq Cqajbutocqùqjibfmjm- Qczohfqtdgzmi zmeQczofqemzmi85> 122/4;2

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Characteristics of Regional Industry-specific Employment Growth. Empirical Evidence for Germany...

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