BOLETIN NO. 5, NOVEDADES EDITORIALES DE BANCO MUNDIAL (Agosto 2007)

El presente Boletín es un número especial que contiene las nuevas adquisiciones obtenidas por la Biblioteca, en calidad de donación, gracias al convenio de colaboración que se estableció con la Oficina del Banco Mundial en México a través de su Centro de

Información Pública. Todos los títulos contenidos en este Boletín son publicaciones editadas por el Banco y se encuentran disponibles en la Biblioteca “Enrique González Aparicio” y, en el caso que se indique, pueden ser consultadas en versión digital (vía

Internet).

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO

Juan Ramón de la Fuente

Rector

Enrique del Val Blanco Secretario General

Daniel Barrera Pérez

Secretario Administrativo

José Antonio Vela Capdevilla Secretario de Servicios a la Comunidad

Rosaura Ruiz Gutiérrez

Secretaria de Desarrollo Institucional

Jorge Islas López Abogado General

FACULTAD DE ECONOMÍA

Roberto Escalante Semerena Director

José Antonio Ibarra Romero

Secretario General

Hortensia Lobato Reyes Coordinadora de Bibliotecas

Responsables del Boletín: Carolina Franco Pérez

Miguel Ángel Hernández Valdés Saúl Herrera Aguilar

saulh@economia.unam. Tel. 5622-2187

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Título Pag Global economic prospects: managing the next wave of globalization, 2007 2 Aid that works : successful development in fragile states 2 When instability increases the effectiveness of aid projects 3 Improving investment climates: an evaluation of World Bank Group assistance

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Measuring the pro-poorness of income growth within and elasticity framework

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Hacia la institucionalización de los sistemas de monitoreo y evaluación en América Latina y el Caribe: actas de una conferencia del Banco Mundial/Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo

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Bolivia: por el bienestar de todos 5 Fostering higher growth and employment in the Kingdom of Morocco 5 Diaspora networks and the international migration of skills: how countries can draw on their talent abroad

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Reforma y reestructuración de los sistemas de pensiones: evaluación de la asistencia prestada por el Banco Mundial

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Duration of unemployment benefits and quality of post-unemployment jobs : evidence from a natural experiment

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Delivering on the promise of pro-poor growth : insights and lessons from country experiences

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People and power: electricity sector reforms and the poor in Europe and Central Asia

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Liberalizing trade in services : a survey 8 Assessing World Bank support for trade, 1987-2004: an IEG evaluation 9 The basic analytics of access to financial services 9 Transforming microfinance institutions: providing full financial services to the poor

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Financial Sector Assessment Program: IEG review of the joint World Bank and IMF initiative

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Increasing impact : the year in review 2006 11 Ayuda del Banco Mundial en favor del comercio, 1987-2004: evaluación del IEG

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Engaging with fragile states: an IEG review of World Bank support to low-income countries under stress

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World Bank-civil society engagement: review of fiscal years, 2005 and 2006 12 Fiscal and social impact of a nominal exchange rate devaluation in Djibouti 13 The Role of parliament in curbing corruption 13 Takeover laws and financial development 14 The World Bank legal review 14 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 15 From schooling access to learning outcomes, an unfinished agenda: an evaluation of World Bank support to primary education

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Economic growth, education, and AIDS in Kenya: a long-run analysis 16 At loggerheads?: agricultural expansion, poverty reduction, and environment in the tropical forests

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Manejo del agua y restauración productiva en la región indígena mixteca de Puebla y Oaxaca : resultados de los estudios y recomendaciones..

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HC59.69 G55 2007 Global economic prospects: managing the next wave of globalization, 2007Washington, D.C.: Banco Mundial, c2007. 180 p. Materia: Economía; Países en desarrollo; Economía Globalización. ISBN 0821367277 9780821367278 Over the next 25 years developing countries will move to center stage in the global economy. Global Economic Prospects 2007 analyzes the opportunities - and stresses - this will create. While rich and poor countries alike stand to benefit, the integration process will make more acute stresses already apparent today - in income inequality, in labor markets, and in the environment.

HC59.72E44 A53 Manor, James (ed.) Aid that works : successful development in fragile states Washington, D.C.: Banco Mundial, c2007, 301 p. Serie: ( Directions in development ) Materia: Desarrollo económico; Proyectos de. ISBN 0821362011 9780821362013 Presented in this study are nine development initiatives in six less developed countries - Afghanistan, Cambodia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Timor Leste and Uganda. The cases show that development initiatives, which engage local communities and local level governments, are often able to have significant impact. However, for more substantial improvements to take places, localized gains need to be scaled up either horizontally (other localities) or vertically (to higher levels). Given the advantages of working at the local level and the difficulty of working through mainstream bureaucratic agencies at higher levels in these countries, donors often prefer to create 'parallel-agencies' to reach out to larger numbers of beneficiaries. However, this may in the long run weaken the legitimacy of mainstream government institutions, and donor agencies may therefore choose to work as closely as possible with government officials from the beginning to build trust and demonstrating that new initiatives are non-threatening and help prepare the eventual mainstreaming of 'parallel agencies'.

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HC60 G855 Guillaumont, Patrick When instability increases the effectiveness of aid projects Washington, D.C.: Banco Mundial, Independent Evaluation Group, Office of the Director, 2006. 29 p. Serie: (Policy research working paper ; 4034) Materia: Ayuda económica; Estabilización económica; Países en desarrollo; Países en desarrollo. The authors assess the effect of economic instability on the success of projects funded by the World Bank using the outcome of the projects, which is a notation of their overall success determined by the Bank ' s Independent Evaluation Group. It has been argued in macroeconomic studies that aid effectiveness is higher in vulnerable countries because it dampens the negative effects of shocks. The authors show that this finding is not inconsistent with the observation that the success of the projects is lower in an unstable environment. Instability, in particular the instability of exports, harms aid projects as it harms the rest of the economy, while the success of projects decreases when the total amount of aid received increases, due to absorptive capacity limitations. But this decrease is slower when instability is higher, showing a positive effect of aid through its stabilizing impact.

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HC60 I5583 Kristin Hallberg (et al.) Improving investment climates: an evaluation of World Bank Group assistance Washington, D. C.: World Bank, 2006. 321 p. Materia: Asistencia económica; Ayuda económica. ISBN 0-8213-6282-8 The quality of a country's investment climate is determined by the risks and transaction costs of investing in and operating a business, which in turn are determined by the legal and regulatory framework, barriers to entry and exit, and conditions in markets for labor, finance, information, infrastructure services, and other productive inputs. The WBG supports improvements in investment climates by working with both the public and private sectors. Through its lending and non-lending services, the Bank (IBRD/IDA) supports the broad policy environment (macroeconomic stability and openness) as well as microeconomic policies and institutions. IFC influences the investment climate through its Technical Assistance and Advisory Services (TAAS) to both the public and private sectors, and through its investment operations - directly by increasing the quantity and quality of infrastructure and financial and social sector services, and indirectly through the demonstration effects of investment projects in all sectors. MIGA influences the investment climate through political risk guarantees, technical assistance to investment promotion intermediaries for capacity building, information dissemination tools, and mediation services.

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HC79.P6 E77 Essama-Nssah, Boniface1949- Measuring the pro-poorness of income growth within and elasticity framework Washington, D.C.: Banco Mundial, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network, Poverty Reduction Group, 2006 31 p. Serie: Policy research working paper ; 4035 Materia: Pobreza; Ingresos; Elasticidad (Economía);Desarrollo económico; Política económica This paper follows the elasticity approach to propose a measure of pro-poorness defined as a weighted average of the deviation of a growth pattern from the benchmark case. The measure can help assess pro-poorness both in terms of aggregate poverty measures, which are members of the additively separable class, and at percentiles. It also lends itself to a decomposition procedure, whereby the overall pattern of income growth can be unbundled, and the contributions of income components to overall pro-poorness identified. An application to data for Indonesia in the 1990s reveals that the amount of poverty reduction achieved over that period remains far below what would have been achieved under distributional neutrality. This conclusion is robust to the choice of a poverty measure among members of the additively separable class, and can be tracked back to changes in expenditure components.

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HC130.P83 H33 Hacia la institucionalización de los sistemas de monitoreo y evaluación en América Latina y el Caribe: actas de una conferencia del Banco Mundial/Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Washington, D. C.: Banco Mundial, 2006, 103 p. Materia: Inversiones públicas. Durante la conferencia de junio del 2005 se hizo evi-dente que un número creciente de países de LAC está ini-ciando esfuerzos para fortalecer y sistematizar sus funciones de M&E. Los funcionarios de alto nivel de los once países representados en la conferencia encontraron sumamente va-lioso el compartir sus experiencias nacionales al institucio-nalizar el M&E. Se quedaron asombrados del gran progreso logrado en varios países de LAC en este campo. Como consecuencia del interés en tener mecanismos que permitan intercambiar experiencias y conocimiento de manera más sistemática, durante la conferencia se propuso crear una red regional formada por las partes clave interesadas en el tema, para centrarse en la institucionalización del M&E Y para facilitar el aprendizaje "de Sur a Sur" en toda la región.

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HC182 B652 Vicente Fretes-Cibils [et al.] Bolivia: por el bienestar de todos Washington, DC: Banco Mundial, c2006, 567 p. Materia: Bolivia ISBN 0-8213-6660-2 (rústica) 9780821366608 (rústica) El propósito de este libro es contribuir al debate sobre cómo encarar los retos que enfrenta Bolivia. Está conformado por un conjunto de estudios sobre la realidad boliviana, en cuya elaboración participaron expertos nacionales e internacionales en la formulación de políticas públicas. Estos estudios contienen un diagnóstico por sector, un recuento de los principales desafíos y una serie de sugerencias de política pública que podrían ayudar a encarar los problemas centrales.

HC810 F67 Fostering higher growth and employment in the Kingdom of Morocco Washington, D.C.: Banco Mundial, c2006, 107 p. + 1 disco óptico láser para computadora. Serie: A World Bank country study Materia: Marruecos. ISBN 9780821367964 082136796X (rústica) Recurso electrónico: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0618/2006025730.html This book identifies the binding constraints to growth of Morocco. It applies an innovative procedure known as "growth diagnostic" and has a central finding. The Moroccan economy suffers from a too slow process of structural transformation for achieving higher growth, especially for its exports that face unfavorable external shocks arising from competitor countries in the main markets for Moroccan exports. This process of so-called "productive diversification" requires that Morocco enhance its competitiveness.

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HD6300 D53 Kuznetsov, Yevgeny (ed.) Diaspora networks and the international migration of skills: how countries can draw on their talent abroad Washington, D C: World Bank, c2006. 237 p. Serie: WBI development studies Materia: Trabajo de extranjeros; Capital humano; Emigración de profesionales y técnicos. ISBN 0821366475 9780821366479 Network diasporas are but the latest bridge connecting developing economy insiders, with their risk-mitigating knowledge and connections, to outsiders in command of technical know-how and investment capital. This book examines the interaction of expatriate talent with institutions in expatriates' countries of origin in an attempt to make the potential of diasporas and their knowledge a reality. The question of how to trigger and sustain such a virtuous cycle is a central concern of this book. The focus is on the "how to" details of how to design effective diaspora networks and transform brain drain into brain gain.

HD7091 A5418 Andrews, Emily S. Reforma y reestructuración de los sistemas de pensiones: evaluación de la asistencia prestada por el Banco Mundial Washington, D.C.: Banco Mundial, 2006, 156 p. Serie: Operations evaluation studies Materia: Pensiones ISBN 0-8213-6637-8 978-0-8213-6637-0 Este informe contiene la primera evaluación integral e independiente de la participación del banco en la reforma de los sistemas de pensiones y, con este, se analiza la estrategia del Banco en esta esfera y los resultados en términos de desarrollo de su asistencia durante el período, el banco ayudó a 68 países a reformar sus sistemas de pensiones mediante el otorgamiento de más de 200 préstamos y créditos. En este informe se analiza la asistencia del banco con el fin de determinar si la estrategia era pertinente y si fue aplicad. Específicamente, en la evaluación se procura determinar si las operaciones de reforma de los sistemas de pensiones obedecieron a las directrices sobre prácticas óptimas desde las etapas iniciales, y sí las reformas lograron sus objetivos sociales, macroeconómicos y financieros. Por último, en la evaluación se resumen estas comprobaciones y se formulan recomendaciones específicas para el futuro.

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HD7096.E56 O87 Ours, Jan C. van Duration of unemployment benefits and quality of post-unemployment jobs : evidence from a natural experiment [Washington, D.C.]: Banco Mundial, South Asia Region, Human Development Sector Unit, [2006]. 33 p. Serie Policy research working paper; 4031 Materia: Seguro contra el desempleo; Desempleo; Empleo, Búsqueda de Empleo; Previsión de. This paper investigates how the potential duration of unemployment benefits affects the quality of post-unemployment jobs. It takes advantage of a natural experiment introduced by a change in Slovenia's unemployment insurance law that substantially reduced the potential benefit duration. Although this reduction strongly increased job finding rates, the quality of the post-unemployment jobs remained unaffected. The paper finds that the law change had no effect on the type of contract (temporary versus permanent), the duration of the post-unemployment job, or the wage earned in the job.

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HD75 D45 Timothy Besley and Louise J. Cord, editors Delivering on the promise of pro-poor growth : insights and lessons from country experiences Basingstoke [Inglaterra]: Palgrave Macmillan; Washington D.C.: Banco Mundial, c2007, 253 p. Materia: Desarrollo económico; Pobreza. ISBN 0821365150 x 082136670X (empastado) 9780821365151 Recurso electrónico: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0704/2006042196.html. Delivering on the Promise of Pro-Poor Growth contributes to the debate on how to accelerate poverty reduction by providing insights from eight countries that have been relatively successful in delivering pro-poor growth: Bangladesh, Brazil, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Tunisia, Uganda, and Vietnam. It integrates growth analytics with the microanalysis of household data to determine how country policies and conditions interact to reduce poverty and to spread the benefits of growth across different income groups. Delivering on the Promise of Pro-Poor Growth is a useful resource for policy makers, donor agencies, academics, think tanks, and government officials seeking a practical framework to improve country-level diagnostics of growth-poverty linkages.

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HD9685.E85 L35 Lampietti, Julian A. People and power: electricity sector reforms and the poor in Europe and Central Asia Washington, DC: Banco Mundial, c2007, 227 p. Serie: Directions in development. Energy and mining Materia: Empresas eléctricas; Hogares. ISBN 0821366335 9780821366332 9780821366332 Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions.

HD9980.6 H64 2006 Hoekman, Bernard M.,1959- Liberalizing trade in services : a survey Washington: Banco Mundial: CEPR, 2006. 62 p. Serie Policy research working paper ; 4030 Materia: Industrias de servicios; Comercio internacional; Libre comercio. This paper investigate the determinants of international trade and investment in services, the potential gains from greater trade (and liberalization), and efforts to cooperate to achieve such liberalization through trade agreements. It concludes that there is increasing evidence that services liberalization is an important source of potential welfare gains, but relatively little research has been done that can inform the design of international cooperation-both trade agreements and development assistance-so as to more effectively promote development objectives.

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HF1413 T75 Tsikata, Yvonne M. Assessing World Bank support for trade, 1987-2004: an IEG evaluation Washington, D. C.: World Bank, 2006. 246 p. Materia: Países en desarrollo; Países en desarrollo. Recurso electrónico: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0610/2006044713.htmlISBN 0-8213-6591-6 9780821365915 The comprehensive appraisal, Assessing World Bank Support for Trade, 1987-2004, analyzes the Bank's contribution to freer trade in developing countries and makes concrete recommendations on how to boost trade opportunities to better alleviate poverty in the future. Between 1987 and 2004, 8.1 percent of total Bank commitments (US$ 38 billion) went to 117 countries to help them become better integrated into the global economy. The evaluation was carried out by the Bank's Independent Evaluation Group (IEG), an autonomous body reporting directly to the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank to assess the effectiveness of the Bank's development efforts.

HG173 B43 Beck, Thorsten The basic analytics of access to financial services [Washington, D.C.]: Banco Mundial, Development Research Group, Finance Team, and Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Office of the Regional Chief Economist, [2006]. 57 p. Serie Policy research working paper ; 4026 Materia: Industria de servicios financieros. Access to financial services, or rather the lack thereof, is often indiscriminately decried as a problem in many developing countries. The authors argue that the "problem of access" should rather be analyzed by identifying different demand and supply constraints. They distinguish between payment and savings services and fixed intermediation costs, on the one hand, and lending services and different sources of credit risk, on the other hand. The analysis helps identify bankable and banked population, the binding constraint to close the gap between the two, and policies to prudently expand the bankable population. This new conceptual framework can inform the debate on adequate policies to expand access to financial services and can serve as the basis for an informed measurement of access.

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HG178.33D44 L43 Ledgerwood, Joanna Transforming microfinance institutions: providing full financial services to the poor Washington, D. C.: World Bank, c2006. 517 p. Materia: Microfinanzas; Ayuda económica interna; Pobreza. ISBN 0-8213-6615-7 Recurso electrónico: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0703/2006045423.html Transforming Microfinance Institutions provides guidelines for regulators to license and regulate microfinance providers, and for transforming MFIs to meet the demands of two major new stakeholders -regulators and shareholders. As such, it focuses on developing the capacity of NGO MFIs to mobilize and intermediate voluntary savings. Drawing from worldwide experience, it outlines how to manage the transformation process and address major strategic and operational issues inherent in transformation including competitive positioning, business planning, accessing capital and shareholders, and how to "transform" the MFI's human resources, financial management, MIS, internal controls, and branch operations. Case studies then provide examples of developing a new regulatory tier for microfinance, and how a Ugandan NGO transformed to become a licensed financial intermediary.

HG195 C48 Chu, Lily L. Financial Sector Assessment Program: IEG review of the joint World Bank and IMF initiative Washington, D. C.: World Bank, 2006. 70 p. Materia: Finanzas; Finanzas internacionales. ISBN 0-8213-6652-1 The Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) is a major initiative, undertaken jointly by the World Bank and the IMF, in response to the financial crises of the late 1990s. The ultimate objectives of the program are (i) the identification and resolution of financial sector vulnerabilities and their macroeconomic stability implications; and (ii) fostering financial sector development and its contribution to economic growth. In addition, the FSAP was expected to help the Bank, Fund, and other institutions design appropriate assistance to address issues identified by the FSAP. The evaluation found that the FSAP is a good quality diagnostic tool. Joint Bank-Fund cooperation has allowed an integrated approach towards financial sector vulnerabilities and development needs, and has expanded the depth and quality of the skills base. The assessments, however, fall short in prioritizing recommendations and integrating the findings and recommendations of the assessments into its overall programs.

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HG3881.5I56 C66 Corporación de Finanzas Internacionales . Increasing impact : the year in review 2006 Washington, D.C.: International Finance Corporation,2006. 78 p. + 1 disco óptico láser para computadora (4 3/4 plg. Materia: Finanzas ISBN 0821368133 9780821368138 En colaboración con sus socios comerciales, la CFI invierte en empresas privadas sostenibles en los países en desarrollo sin aceptar garantías públicas. En los últimos 50 años, ha comprometido más de US $56.000 millones de sus propios fondos y organizado préstamos mediante consorcios por más de US $25.000 millones para más de 3.500 empresas en 140 países en desarrollo. En los últimos 20 años, también ha llevado a cabo programas de asistencia técnica y de asesoría por valor de más de US $1.000 millones, financiados principalmente gracias a la generosidad de las naciones donantes.

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HG3881.5W57 A98 Ayuda del Banco Mundial en favor del comercio, 1987-2004: evaluación del IEG Washington, D. C.: Banco Mundial, 2006, 109 p. Materia: Desarrollo económico, Proyectos de, Ayuda económica, Países en desarrollo. ISBN 0-8213-6641-6 En esta evaluación se formulan tres recomendaciones principales. La primera es procurar que el asesoramiento del Banco sobre temas comerciales esté en consonancia con la misión de la institución de reducir la pobreza. El Banco debe también emprender un programa de investigación más sistemático sobre el ajuste a nivel microeconómico de las políticas comerciales, que tenga en cuenta a las empresas, los hogares y las personas físicas. En segundo lugar, se recomienda reforzar la aplicación: es posible que el Banco deba reconsiderar el equilibrio entre el programa mundial y los programas nacionales y reforzar los vínculos operacionales sobre cuestiones comerciales. Por último, en la presente evaluación se recomienda también que el Banco redoble los esfuerzos de gestión de los conocimientos

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HG3881.5W57 C37 Carvalho, Soniya Engaging with fragile states: an IEG review of World Bank support to low-income countries under stress Washington, D.C. : Banco Mundial, 2006. 184 p. Serie: Independent Evaluation Group Study series Materia: Desarrollo económico; Ayuda económica. Recurso electrónico: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip073/2006034735.htmlISBN 9780821368473 0821368478 During fiscal 2003 05, World Bank lending and administrative budgets to fragile states amounted to $4.1 billion and $161 million, respectively. This report assesses the effectiveness of this Bank support. The report finds that the Bank and the donor community have improved their operational readiness to engage with fragile states, and made substantial progress on donor coordination at the international policy level. Significant challenges remain, however. Donor agendas have been overly ambitious and need to be made more selective, the effectiveness of donor programs needs to be improved after the immediate post conflict phase in war ravaged countries when structural change is needed, and donors need to develop transparent aid allocation criteria that ensure that fragile states will be neither under nor over aided. The report makes recommendations to overcome these challenges and distills lessons for the Bank and other donors.

HG3881.5W57 W66 World Bank-civil society engagement: review of fiscal years, 2005 and 2006 Washington, D. C. : Banco Mundial, c2006, 106 p. Materia: Sociedad civil, Participación política, Desarrollo económico, Proyectos de países en desarrollo, Pobreza. During fiscal years 2002-2004, Bank-civil society relations continued to expand and deepen, bringing new opportunities as well as new challenges. This Review summarizes the varied ways in which the Bank has engaged civil society organizations (CSOs) at the global, regional, and national levels during this period. In a separate paper entitled Issues and Options for Improving Engagement Between the World Bank and CSOs, prepared during this same period, the Bank looks more in depth at the nature and quality of its engagement with CSOs, analyzes the evolving characteristics of global civil society, highlights trends, and recommends ways the Bank can improve its civil society outreach and engagement efforts.

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HJ1461 A56 Anós Casero, Paloma Fiscal and social impact of a nominal exchange rate devaluation in Djibouti [Washington, D.C.]: Banco Mundial, Middle East and North Africa Region, Social and Economic Development Group, [2006]. 42 p. Serie: Policy research working paper ; 4028 Materia: Política fiscal; Cambio internacional; Djibouti Using macroeconomic and household level data, the authors quantify the impact of a devaluation of the nominal exchange rate on fiscal savings, real public sector wages, real income, and poverty under various hypothetical scenarios of exchange-rate pass-through and magnitude of devaluation. They find that a currency devaluation could generate fiscal savings in the short-term, but it would have an adverse effect on poverty and income distribution. A 30 percent nominal exchange rate devaluation could generate fiscal savings amounting between 3 and 7 percent of GDP. At the same time, a 30 percent nominal devaluation could cause nearly a fifth of the poorest households to fall below the extreme poverty line and pull the same fraction of upper middle-income households below the national poverty line. However, the absence of formal social safety nets limits the government's readiness to provide well-targeted and timely social transfers to the poor.

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JF1525.C66 R65 Stapenhurst, Rick (ed.) The Role of parliament in curbing corruption Washington, D. C.: World Bank, c2006. 263 p. Serie: WBI development studies Materia: Corrupción política; Cuerpos legislativos; Desarrollo económico ISBN 0-8213-6723-4 9780821367230 0-8213-6724-2 (electrónico) Recurso electrónico: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0617/2006023024.html In most countries, parliament has the constitutional mandate to both oversee government and to hold government to account; often, audit institutions, ombuds and anti-corruption agencies report to parliament, as a means of ensuring both their independence from government and reinforcing parliament's position at the apex of accountability institutions. At the same time, parliaments can also play a key role in promoting accountability, through constituency outreach, public hearings, and parliamentary commissions.

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K1362 N45 Nenova, Tatiana Takeover laws and financial development[Washington, D.C.]: Banco Mundial, Corporate Governance Department, Finance and Private Sector Development, [2006]. 52 p. Serie Policy research working paper ; 4029 Materia: Consolidación y fusión de sociedades mercantiles; Sociedades anónimas. The study makes a first attempt to analyze takeover regulations in a comparative context across 50 countries. It proposes a methodology to create a detailed index on the most salient features of capital market laws, and illustrates the approach on the case of takeover legislation. Specifically, the framework permits the exploration of the effects of individual regulations, their substitutability and interplay, as well as the overall extent of friendliness of the laws to investors, or particular groups thereof (such as minority shareholders), and the links of specialized regulation with the overall legal system. Finally, the study explores the effect of the investor-friendliness of takeover laws on stock market development.

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K3823.A15 W67 V.2 The World Bank legal review Washington, D.C.: Banco Mundial; The Hague: Kluwer Law International, c2003 Materia: Derecho y desarrollo económico; Justicia. ISBN 0821368311 (rústica) The World Bank Legal Review, Volume 2 is a publication for policy makers and their advisers, attorneys, and other professionals engaged in the field of international development. It offers a combination of legal scholarship, lessons from experience, legal developments, and recent research on the many ways in which the application of the law and the improvement of justice systems promote poverty reduction, economic development, and the rule of law. In keeping with the theme of the World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development, and following the success of the World Bank Group's Legal Forum on "Law, Equity, and Development" in December 2005, this volume of The World Bank Legal Review focuses on issues of equity and development. The volume draws together some of the key ideas of the Legal Forum, including articles by many of its distinguished participants, and explores the role of equity in the development process, highlighting how legal and regulatory frameworks and equitable justice systems can do much to level the playing field in the political, economic, and sociocultural domains, as well as how they can reinforce existing inequalities.

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K3830.4 M85 2006 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. 2006 Annual report Washington, D. C.: MIGA, [2006]. 126 p. Materia: Inversiones extranjeras; Seguros de inversión. The study’s results reflect a wide spectrum of performance. There were encouraging performances by some IPAs in nearly all developing regions, although all regions still lagged behind global best practices. The developing-economy IPAs scored considerably better in the web site assessment than in the two inquiry-handling exercises. Overall, the results suggest that at least half of the surveyed developing-economy IPAs are not yet providing the levels of service and information that investors expect. Most would benefit from a focus on improving both the systems and skills used in interfacing with investors and the quantity and quality of information provided.

LC2608 N54 Nielsen, H. Dean From schooling access to learning outcomes, an unfinished agenda: an evaluation of World Bank support to primary education Washington, D. C.: World Bank, c2006. 127 p. Materia: Educación elemental; Educación; Asistencia pedagógica. ISBN 9780821367926 (papel alcalino) Recurso electrónico: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0619/2006025727.html For the evaluation, IEG reviewed over 700 primary education projects from 1990 onward. According to IEG, 69 percent of World Bank projects designed to improve access to education succeeded in achieving their expansion goals. During the past 15 years, net enrollment rates increased in developing countries from about 82 percent of the relevant age group to about 86 percent. Enrollment expansion has generally come through supply-side interventions such as new schools and classrooms within easy walking distance, hiring more teachers, and activating community support. Governments have also increased demand by eliminating school fees and providing girls scholarships.

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RA643.86K45 B45 Bell, Clive Economic growth, education, and AIDS in Kenya: a long-run analysis Washington, D.C.: Banco Mundial, Development Economics, Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, [2006]. 47 p. Serie Policy research working paper; 4025 Materia: SIDA (Enfermedad); Infecciones por VIH; Economía Kenia. The AIDS epidemic threatens Kenya with a long wave of premature adult mortality, and thus with an enduring setback to the formation of human capital and economic growth. To investigate this possibility, the authors develop a model with three overlapping generations, calibrate it to the demographic and economic series from 1950 until 1990, and then perform simulations for the period ending in 2050 under alternative assumptions about demographic developments, including the counterfactual in which there is no epidemic. Programs that subsidize post-primary education and combat the epidemic are both socially profitable-the latter strikingly so, due to its indirect effects on the expected returns to education - and a combination of the two interventions profits from a modest long-run synergy effect.

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SD418.3T76 C46 Chomitz, Kenneth M. [et al.] At loggerheads?: agricultural expansion, poverty reduction, and environment in the tropical forests Washington, D.C. : Banco Mundial, 2007, 284 p. Serie: World Bank policy research report Materia: Deforestación; Política forestal; Agricultura. ISBN 9780821367353 0821367358 Recurso electrónico: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip072/2006032118.html At Loggerheads seeks to describe ways to reconcile pressures for agricultural expansion in the tropics with the urgent needs for both forest conservation and poverty alleviation. It diagnoses the causes and impacts of forest loss and the reasons for the association of forests and poverty. It looks at how policies - modulated by local conditions - act simultaneously on deforestation and poverty, creating tradeoffs or complementarities, depending on the situation. The report brings to the surface problems that impede adoption of favourable policies, describing institutional and technological innovations that might help overcome these impediments.

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TD195.W3 M35 Altieri, Miguel [et al.] Manejo del agua y restauración productiva en la región indígena mixteca de Puebla y Oaxaca : resultados de los estudios y recomendaciones... Washington, DC; México: Banco Mundial, 2006. 103 p. Materia: Agua; Abastecimiento de agua en agricultura; Desarrollo sustentable. El estudio que realizaron los autores se llevó a cabo en dos momentos durante el segundo semestre del 2005 en la Mixteca de Puebla y Oaxaca, en coordinación con la Delegación Federal de SEMARNAT en Oaxaca, la Delegación de CONAFOR, las organizaciones Ñuu Savi y CEDICAM y representantes comunitarios de las diferentes localidades de la Mixteca. La región Mixteca ha sufrido un serio deterioro ambiental continuo desde hace aproximadamente 500 años, que se ha visto acelerado durante las últimas cuatro décadas. En la Mixteca las lluvias son escasas y variables, las laderas de las montañas han perdido su cobertura vegetal y la erosión acarrea enormes cantidades de tierra hacia las partes bajas de los ríos y arroyos. Por estas y otras causas la Mixteca se encuentra entre las regiones rurales más pobres de México. Sus jóvenes, hombres y mujeres en edad y condiciones de trabajar, emigran en grandes números cada año, en busca de oportunidades para mantener a sus familias; sin embargo, su gente, en su mayoría de origen mixteco, realizan labores encomiables para la recuperación de la fertilidad de sus tierras y de su capacidad de retener agua, almacenarla y promover su infiltración al subsuelo.

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