AOP Engineering Laboratory 1/18 Enginyeria de Processos d'Oxidació Avançada Santiago Esplugas...
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Transcript of AOP Engineering Laboratory 1/18 Enginyeria de Processos d'Oxidació Avançada Santiago Esplugas...
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Enginyeria de Processos d'Oxidació Avançada
Santiago Esplugas
Departament Enginyeria Química Universitat de Barcelona
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Barcelona June 2nd, 2010
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Structure of the Presentation
- Research Group
-- Research fields
- Projects in development
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Our research group
Professors:
Santiago Esplugas
Jaime Gimenez
Carme Sans
Esther Chamarro
Assistant Professor
Bernardi Bayarri
Renato Falcao Dantas
Óscar González
Pilar Marco
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Our research groupResearchers
Ana Justo
Simone Vendramel
PhD candidates
Angel Cruz
Natalia de la Cruz
Antonella de Luca
Bruno Domenjoud
Maria del Mar Mico
Ywann Penru
Joao Pereira
Violette Romero
Bruno Santos
Ramiro Vallejo
Master Thesis
Final Project
Anna Barrabida
Marco Bonadies
Raquel Santos
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Research fields
-Water reuse
-Micro-pollutants removal
-Coupling AOP-Biological treatment
-Biomass characterization
-Solar Photo-catalysis applied to environment
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Projects in development
-Advanced Oxidation as pos-treatment for water reuse (Consolider)
-Advanced oxidation for organic matter control in effluents from WWTP(Cenit)
-Advanced oxidation for organic matter control in Sea Water(Cenit)
-Coupled AOP-Biological reactors for pesticides removal in greenhouses (Cenit)
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-Removal of Emerging Pollutants by advanced oxidation processes (CICYT 2009-SPAIN)
-Engineering of Advanced Oxidation Processes (CIRIT 2009-SPAIN)
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Projects in development
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CollaborationsUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Brazil
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela – Spain
Wageningen Univ & Research – Netherlands
EPFL, Lausanne – Switzerland
University of Salerno – Italy
North Carolina State Unievrsity - USA
Colorado State University – USA
University of Porto – Portugal
INTEC - Argentina
…………………Companies:
-Acciona agua – Spain
-Suez Degremont – France
-AGBAR - Spain
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AOPREMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS FROM WATER
*PHYSICAL METHODS (non destructive ):Mechanical separationSedimentationFiltrationAdsorption and ion exchangeReverse osmosis
*CHEMICAL METHODS (destructive ):PrecipitationIon exchangeChemical Oxidation (and reduction):
biochemical oxidationchlorinehydrogen peroxideozonehydroxyl radical (OH •) AOPs
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•Oxygen: moderate oxidant with small solubility in water that needs high investments in installations, but its low operation costs may do the process attractive.•Chlorine: strong oxidant and cheap. Possibility of producing chlorinated organic compounds, more toxic than the initial ones. It has good enough solubility in water.•Permanganate: strong enough oxidant, but expensive. It is selective, no easy to handle and not desirable manganese is added to the treated water. •Hydrogen peroxide: multipurpose oxidant soluble in water that could be applied directly or with a catalyst (without it some organic compounds are not attacked).•Ozone: strong oxidant that as oxygen and hydrogen peroxide does not introduce new ions to the medium. It is more soluble in water than oxygen. Its difficult handling. Necessary to generate it on-site. Process, normally, is controlled by mass transfer.
Classical Oxidants
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OH• Characteristics (redoxpotential)
Fluorine 2.23 Hydroxyl radical 2.06 Atomic Oxygen (singlet) 1.78 Ozone 1.52 Hydrogen peroxide 1.31 Perhydroxyl radical 1.25 Permanganate 1.24 Hypobromous acid 1.17 Chlorine dioxide 1.15 Hypochlorous acid 1.10 Hypoiodous acid 1.07 Chlorine 1.00 Bromine 0.80 Iodine 0.54
* very powerful oxidation compound (F2 > OH• > O3 > ........)
* oxidation power related to chlorine (Eº = 1.36 V)Rate constants of °OH radical with organics: 1-1000 x 107 mol-1 L s-1
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OH• Characteristics (no especific oxidant)
Compounds that can be oxididez by OH radicals
Acids Formic, gluconic, lactic, malic, propionic, tartaric
Alcohols Benzyl, tert-butyl, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, isopropanol, methanol, propenediol
Aldehydes Acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, formaldehyde, glyoxal, isobutyraldehyde, trichloroacetaldehyde
AromaticsBenzene, chlorobenzene, chlorophenol, creosote, dichlorophenol, hydroquinone, p-nitrophenol, phenol, toluene, trichlorophenol, xylene, trinitrotoluene
AminesAniline, cyclic amines, diethylamine, dimethylformamide, EDTA, propanediamine, n-propylamine
Dyes Anthraquinone, diazo, monoazo
Ethers tetrahydrofuran
Ketones Dihydroxyacetone, methyl ethyl ketone
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OH• Characteristics (no especific oxidant)
Compounds that can not be oxidized by hydroxyl radicals
Acetic acid Acetone Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Maleic acid Malonic acid Methylene chloride Oxalic acid n-paraffins Tetrachloroetane Trichloroetane
Brigda,J., Chem.Eng.Proc. (Dec 1995) pp 62-66
Scavenger effect (at high concentration)
Inorganic ions: Sulfate, chloride, carbonate,..
Alcohols: methanol, terbutanol,..
Hydrogen Peroxyde
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AOP classics
homogeneous heterogeneous
Radical ·OH
O3/UV TiO2/UV Fe+3/UV/H2O2 Photolysis
electrolysis
sonolysis
(light conditions) atmospheric pressure and room temperature
O3 O3/H2O2
radiation UV
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Photochemical Oxidation Processes
PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES WAVELENGTH
UV (photolysis) < 190 nm
H2O2/UV < 300 nm
O3/UV < 320 nm
O3/H2O2/UV < 320 nm
TiO2/UV (photocatalysis) < 400 nm
Fe+2/H2O2/UV (photoFenton) < 550 nm
Fe+2/e-/UV (photoelectroFenton)
< 550 nm
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Biodegradability enhancement by AOPs
Garcia-Molina et al., 2002. Liakou and Lyberatos, 1996.
Beltran et al., 1999a. Bertanza et al., 2000.
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pulp&paper
Fenton
textil
O3
dyes
O3
surfactants
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BOD
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TOC[Cont]
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* COD removal
* BOD increase
* contaminants removal
* TOC removal
WASTEWATER CONTAMINANTS
AOPs