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FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
ESCUELA ACADEMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA INDUSTRIAL
PROYECTO DE TESIS
“UBICACION DE LAS ANTENAS DE TRANSMISION ELECTRO MAGNETICA EN
EL DISTRITO DE NUEVO CHIMBOTE EN EL PRIMER TRIMESTRE DEL AÑO
2015”
AUTORES:
ACUÑA LIZARRAGA ROBIN
CASTILLO ACEVEDO DEIVY
MONCADA MEZA JUNIOR
MINAYA PUELLES SAMIR
SILVA MARQUEZ PEDRO
VALDERA YSLA JUAN CARLOS
ASESORA:
CACHAY MONTOYA MARITZA
LINEA DE INVESTIGACIÓN
SOCIEDAD Y POLITICA AMBIENTAL
CHIMBOTE – PERU
“AÑO DE LA DIVERSIFICACION PRODUCTIVA Y DEL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA
EDUCACION”
1
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INDICE
I INTRODUCCION...............................................................................................3
11 REALIDAD PROBLEM!TICA......................................................................3
12 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA..........................................................61" OB#ETIVOS.................................................................................................6
1"1 O$%&'()* G&+&,-.:...............................................................................6
1"2 O$%&'()*/ E/&3*/:.......................................................................6
14 #USTIFICACION:.........................................................................................
15 ANTECEDENTES.........................................................................................
1 MARCO TEORICO.....................................................................................1!
11 RADIACIÓN........................................................................................1!
12 ANTENAS DE TRANSMISIÓN ELECTROMAGN6TICA:....................11
1" ESTACIÓN BASE................................................................................1"
17 MARCO LEGAL:........................................................................................1#
18 IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LAS ANTENAS DE RADIACIONELECTROMAGNETICAS EN LOS CASCOS HURBANOS DE NUEVO CHIMBOTE
1$A I9-'* A9$(&+'-.....................................................................................1$
B METODOLOGIAS DE EVALUACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL..............1%
C TIPO DE CONTAMINACION NO TRADICIONAL ;R-<(-(=+E.&',*9->+?'(-@...........................................................................................&!
D CLASIFICACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL............................................&!
E VARIABLES AMBIENTALES E IMPACTOS RELEVANTES..........................&1
E+ &. AIRE:..................................................................................................&1
E+ &. SUELO................................................................................................&1 E+ &. PAISA#E..............................................................................................&1
E+ .- SALUD................................................................................................&&
E+ .- ECONOMIA.........................................................................................&&
II MATERIAL Y M6TODOS.................................................................................&3
&
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21 TIPO DE INVESTIGACION.......................................................................&3
22 DISEÑO DE ESTUDIO..............................................................................&3
2" METODO...................................................................................................&3
24 POBLACION Y MUESTRA........................................................................&3
25 TECNICAS DE RECOLECCION DE DATOS..............................................&3
III RESULTADOS...............................................................................................&"
I INTRODUCCION
11REALIDAD PROBLEM!TICA
E'()(* M*+,( - +/* 0-(/* 2- B*2*)/* /(2* 4, -/*5-*, )* )+7*
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3
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5*,,( 2-) G,= > -) P,=,?. “H*,-' 82 ) /--*,( > / 4*,*,-'
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/,'*) ) @+- -8 4**/2 *@+:” *+* M*+,(.
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A2-' */+/(; +/* /+-0* 4,8-8* -8- & 2- 9-5,-, -/ -) 4+-5) 0-/
P,('-, 2- '*>. ;RPP NOTICIAS 201"@
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4*,@+- N*87*/ R-/5*7 -/ P+-5) L(5,-. S( 5(-/ -8 / ,4,-/2(; * )
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-/+-/8,* '+> -,* 2- 2 )-=( (/((*)- A, I,( > D(0(/ N( 2- )*
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;RM N1202005MTC0"@
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45)*(;/ -/ ,-* 2- U P5)( > 2-</- ' “,-* 2- U P5)(” *
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-/(5)- * ) *'4 -)-8,'*=/?8( 4+2(-/2 -, C)-=( 2- E2+*(;/ I/((*) P,('*,(* > S-+/2*,(* H4(8*)- C-/8, 2- S*)+2 > C):/(*
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,=*/(*(;/ '+/2(*) 2- )* *)+2 OMS )- 2- ) )-=( 74(8*)-
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) ):'(8- (/8-,/*(/*)- ,-'-/2*2 4, )* C'((;/ I/8-,/*(/*) /8,*
)* R*2(*(/- N (/(*/8- ;ICNIRP@ > ) ):'(8- 4-,+*/ 4*,*
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C*+/&%* N-(*+-. <&. M&<(* A9$(&+'& ;CONAM. E) INICTEL 7* ,-*)(*2
2 *'4*/* 2- '-2((/- * /(0-) /*(/*) > ) 0*),- '(' '-2(2
4*,* )* -8*(/- 5*- -8/ -/ -) ,2-/ 2-) 1# 2- )*
,-'-/2*(/- '-/(/*2*. E) INICTEL ' (/8(8+(;/ 2-2(*2* * )*(/0-8(=*(;/ 2- )* ,*2(*(/- / (/(*/8- /8(/+* '/(8,-*/2 )
,-+)8*2 2- )* (/0-8(=*(/- ,-*)(*2* 4, )* O,=*/(*(;/ M+/2(*) 2- )*
S*)+2 OMS > -) I/8(8+8 2- I/=-/(-, E)-8,((8* > E)-8,;/( IEEE
4*,* *-=+,*, @+- ) -8/2*,- *248*2 4, -) P-, - '*/8-/=*/
*8+*)(*2.S(-/2 -) 4,(/(4*) 4,5)-'* )* 2-/<*/* 2- ) 45)*2,- 4, 9*)8* 2-
(/9,'*(;/ > -) 2-/('(-/8 ( )* ,*2(*(/- @+- -'(8-/ -8- 8(4 2-
*/8-/* 4+-2-/ *9-8*, * )* *)+2 2-5(2 * )* -,*/:* 2- )* */8-/* * ))+=*,- 45)*2.
12PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA
E ,,-8* )* +5(*(;/ 2- )* */8-/* 2- 8,*/'((;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(* -/
N+-0 C7('58- -/ -) 4,('-, 8,('-8,- 2-) &!1#
1"OB#ETIVOS
111 O$%&'()* G&+&,-.:
E0*)+*, )* +5(*(;/ 2- )* */8-/* 2- 8,*/'((;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(*
-/ -) 2(8,(8 2- /+-0 C7('58-.
112 O$%&'()*/ E/&3*/:
6
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I2-/8(<*, +5(*(;/ > */8(2*2 2- */8-/* 2- 8,*/'((;/
-)-8,'*=/?8(* (/8*)*2* -/ -) 2(8,(8 N+-0 C7('58-.
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2- 8,*/'((;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(* 2- *+-,2 )* O,2-/*/*
M+/((4*) N 1"&!13MDNCH.
A/*)(*, )* +5(*(;/ *8+*) 2- )* */8-/* / ,-4-8 * )*
O,2-/*/* M+/((4*) N 1"&!13MDNCH.
14#USTIFICACION:
S- ,-*)(* -8* (/0-8(=*(;/ 4*,* 0-,(<*, ( )* -'4,-* 2- 8-)-9/:* ';0()
,-4-8*/ )* /,'*8(0* 2- )* ,2-/*/* '+/((4*) N 1"&!13MDNCH
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* )* */8-/* > 4, -/2- * )* -4((;/ * + ,*2(*(/-.
15ANTECEDENTES
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%# 4, T-)-9;/(* */8- 2- )* )(5-,*)(*(;/ -9-8(0* 2- )*
8-)-'+/(*(/-. L *0*/- 2- )* 8-/)=:* 8*/8 2- */8-/* ' 2-
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*4*,-(-,*/ /+-0 * 2- /-, -,* (=/(<*8(0*'-/8- '*>, -/ )
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)* +*)- 7*5:*/ -8*2 4-,*8(0* 2-2- 1%%3 '4*,*2 / 8,
4*(-/8- @+- 7*5:*/ 0(0(2 ' *)-*2.
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@+- )* ,*2(*(/- -)-8,'*=/?8(* / 4,2+-/ /(/=/ 8(4 2-
-/9-,'-2*2- 4, ) @+- *) -8*, ' -,* 2- )* 45)*(;/ 5** )*
(/8-/(2*2 2- -*) 4-, (/ -'5*,= )* -/9-,'-2*2- @+- 4+-2-/ /
4,2+(, - 2-+5,-/ * )*,= 4)*.
A/2,-( T. &!13. RADIACIN ELECTROMAGNTICA DE TELEFONA CELULAR
AFECTA SALUD DE NIÑOS Y ADULTOS E/ 8*/8 +/ */)(( 2- ) :/8'* -/
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4, */*/( -/ *'5( 7*8* &!! '-8, - *=,-=*,/ :/8'* 2-
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-/+-/8,- +5(*2* )* */8-/* (/ 8*'5(?/ )* 9,-+-/(* @+- 8,*/'(8- )*
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82.
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*2-+*2*.
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+ -9* &.&',*9->+?'(* *&,-+<* *+'(+-9&+'& %+'* - //
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%
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1MARCO TEORICO
1!
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111RADIACIÓN
A R-<(-(=+ E.&',*9->+?'(-
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electromagnética en la vida diaria
Fuente: imagen extraída de Wikipedia
L *'4 -)-8,'*=/?8( 8,*/4,8*/ -/-,=:* - 2-(, -'(8-/
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S/ *@+-))* ,*2(*(/- / -/-,=:* +<(-/8- 4*,* *'5(*, )*
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112ANTENAS DE TRANSMISIÓN ELECTROMAGN6TICA:
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Figura 0!: Antena de Apertura
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A+'&+-/ P.-+-/ U/ 8(4 4*,8(+)*, 2-
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17MARCO LEGAL:
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16
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&%!&& “LEY PARA LA EPANSION DE INFRAESTRUCTURA EN
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CODI
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INFRACCION GRADUALID
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18IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LAS ANTENAS DE RADIACION
ELECTROMAGNETICAS EN LOS CASCOS HURBANOS DE NUEVO
CHIMBOTE
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/8*'(/*(;/ 2- +/ +-) ' /-+-/(* 2- @+- - 0*>*/
*+'+)*/2 4-8((2* + 8, 4,2+8 @+:'( 4 * 4 -/
-- )+=*,. O8, ('4*8 / (/'-2(*8 * ,8 4)* > *)=+/
/ ,:8( ' 4+-2- -, ,+(2 4, )* /7- -,* 2- +/ 74(8*).
P&,/(/'&+(-: S- 2(- @+- - 9+=* ( 2+,* '-/ 2- 1 *[ ( 2+,*
2- 1 * 3 * - 8-'4,*) > 4-,8(/* ( 2+,* 2- " * 2(- *. S( -
4*,* (-'4,- -,:* 4-,'*/-/8-. R&&,-(=+: S-=/ -* ' '-/ 9() 2- ,-4*,*, 2(8(/=+('
(,,-+4-,*5)- ,-0-,(5)- '(8(=*5)- ,-+4-,*5)- -8.S9- <& &K&'*/: A 0-- )* *)8-,*(;/ </*) *+*2* 4, +/
/+/8 2- ('4*8 - '*>, @+- )* +'* 2- 82 ) (/2(0(2+*)-
> - 7*5)* 2- -9-8 (/?,=(. A: 4, --'4) 2 *,,-8-,* 2-
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'/8** 4+-2-/ 8-/-, *2* +/* + ('4*8 4-, ( )+-= - 7*-
+/ 8-,-, 8,*' @+- *+/@+- -* ,8 +/- )* 2 > (,0- 4*,*
-/)**, 2 /* */8- *)-*2* -) -9-8 /+/8 4+-2- -, @+-
*+'-/8- '+7 -) 8,< 4, -) /+/8 2- )* 8,-. E -,:* +/
-9-8 (/?,=(. P&,(*<((<-<: D(8(/=+(' ( -) ('4*8 - /8(/+ ' +/*
*/8-,* 4, --'4)[ 2(/8(/+ ' +/* (/2+8,(* @+- 2- 0-
-/ +*/2 2-4,-/2- +8*/(* /8*'(/*/8- 4-,(;2(
(,,-=+)*, ' ) (/-/2( 9,-8*)-.
B METODOLOGIAS DE EVALUACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL
U/ E8+2( 2- I'4*8 A'5(-/8*) */*)(* +/ (8-'* '4)- /
'+7 9*8,- 2(8(/8 > / 9-/;'-/ @+- / '+> 2(9:()- 2-
+*/8(<*,. C;' <*, 5-8(0*'-/8- -) ('4*8 @+- +/* 4,-* 8(-/-
5,- )* *0- 5,- -) 4*(*- O C;' /,-8*, -/ /'-, -)
('4*8 2- +/* *,,-8-,* @+- 4** 4, +/ '/+'-/8 7(8;,( 4, +/
-(8-'* 2- -4-(*) (/8-,? P*,* 7*-, -8 -8+2( 7*> 0*,(
'?82 > - +*/ +/ + 8, -=/ )* *8(0(2*2 2- @+- - 8,*8- -)
,=*/(' @+- )* 7*=* -) @+- )* -(*.
C' --'4) 2- +/ 2- ) '?82 @+- - -'4)-*/ -/ -8 8,*5*
*/*)(*' )* ))*'*2* W'*8,( 2- L-4)2W @+- 9+- -) 4,('-, '?82
+8()(*2 4*,* 7*-, -8 -8+2( -/ 1%1 4, -) S-,0(( G-);=(
2- ) E8*2 U/(2.
E8- (8-'* +8()(* +/ +*2, 2- 25)- -/8,*2* '*8,(. E/ )*
)+'/* 4/- )* *(/- 7+'*/* @+- 4+-2-/ *)8-,*, -) (8-'* >
-/ )* <)* )* *,*8-,:8(* 2-) '-2( @+- 4+-2-/ -, *)8-,*2*. E/ -)
,(=(/*) 7*> 1!! *(/- > $$ 9*8,- *'5(-/8*)- *+/@+- / 82 -
+8()(*/ -/ 82 ) *.
C TIPO DE CONTAMINACION NO TRADICIONAL ;R-<(-(=+
E.&',*9->+?'(-@
L* ,*2(*(;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(* - +/ 8(4 2- *'4 -)-8,'*=/?8(
0*,(*5)- - 2-(, +/* '5(/*(;/ 2- *'4 -)?8,( > '*=/?8(
()*/8- @+- - 4,4*=*/ * 8,*0? 2-) -4*( 8,*/4,8*/2 -/-,=:*
2- +/ )+=*, * 8,.1 D- 7-7 )* ,*2(*(;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(* -8
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9,'*2* :/8-=,*'-/8- 4, /2* -)-8,'*=/?8(*. L* ,*2(*(;/
-)-8,'*=/?8(* 4+-2- '*/(9-8*,- 2- 2(0-,* '*/-,* ' *),
,*2(*2 )+ 0((5)- ,*> ,*> =*''*. A 2(9-,-/(* 2- 8, 8(4
2- /2* ' -) /(2 @+- /--(8*/ +/ '-2( '*8-,(*) 4*,*
4,4*=*,- )* ,*2(*(;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(* - 4+-2- 4,4*=*, -/ -)
0*:. E/ -) (=) I - 4-/*5* @+- -(8:* +/* +8*/(* (/2-8-8*5)-
))*'*2* ?8-, @+- +4*5* -) 0*: > -,0:* 2- '-2( 2- 4,4*=*(;/ 2-
)* /2* -)-8,'*=/?8(*. E) -8+2( 8-;,( 2- )* ,*2(*(;/
-)-8,'*=/?8(* - 2-/'(/* -)-8,2(/'(* > - +/ +5 *'4 2-)
-)-8,'*=/-8('.
D CLASIFICACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL
L ('4*8 *'5(-/8*)- 4+-2-/ -, )*(<*2 4, + -9-8 -/ -)
8(-'4 -/ " =,+4 4,(/(4*)-
I9-'* -9$(&+'-. I,,&)&,/($.&: E *@+-) ('4*8 +>*
8,*-/2-/(* -/ -) '-2( - 2- 8*) '*=/(8+2 @+- - ('4(5)-
,-0-,8(,) * + ):/-* 2- 5*- ,(=(/*). E-'4) M(/-,*)- * 8*
*5(-,8.
I9-'* -9$(&+'-. T&9*,-.: E *@+-) ('4*8 +>* '*=/(8+2
/ =-/-,* '*>,- /-+-/(* > 4-,'(8- *) '-2( ,-+4-,*,-
-/ -) ,8 4)* 7*(* + ):/-* 2- 5*- ,(=(/*).
I9-'* -9$(&+'-. R&)&,/($.&: E) '-2( 4+-2- ,-+4-,*,- *
8,*0? 2-) 8(-'4 >* -* * ,8 '-2(*/ )*,= 4)* /
/--*,(*'-/8- ,-8*+,/2- * )* ):/-* 2- 5*- ,(=(/*).
I9-'* -9$(&+'-. P&,/(/'&+'&: L* *(/- +-
4,*8(*2 *) '-2( *'5(-/8- / 2- (/+-/(* * )*,= 4)* >
-8-/(5)- * 8,*0? 2-) 8(-'4. E-'4) D-,,*'- -'*/*(/-
2- (-,8 @+:'( 4-)(=, 5,- *)=/ 5(84.
E VARIABLES AMBIENTALES E IMPACTOS RELEVANTES
E+ &. AIRE:E) /+/8 2- =*- @+- )* 9,'*/ )* 8(-,,* - /- ' *(,-
4*,8:+)* > '4+-8 @+:'( / -'(8(2 4, -) 7'5,- '
/-+-/(* 2- )* ,-*)(*(;/ 2- *8(0(2*2- 4,2+8(0* 4, -) +
2- 2-8-,'(/*2 '-2( 2- 8,*/4,8- > 4, )* /8*'(/*(;/. E/ )*
&&
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*8+*)(2*2 8*'5(?/ - 8'* -/ +-/8* )* /8*'(/*(;/ 4, ,*2(*(;/
)* +*) - '+7 ' 4,-+((* 4*,* )* *)+2 2- ) 45)*2,-
2/2- -8/ (8+*2* 2(7* */8-/* > @+- 5,- 82 @+- / -
4-,(5(, / )* 0(8*.L ('4*8 @+- 4+-2-/ +,,(, 4, )* ,*2(*(;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(* D-8-,(, -/ -) -(8-'* -/ )* 0-=-8*(;/ */('*)- *0- >
8, S- 5-,0*,:* )* *4*,((;/ 2- -/9-,'-2*2- 8+',- /-,
2-9,'*(/- -/ ) 5-5- > 8,. A+'-/8 -/ )* 8-'4-,*8+,* 2-) *'5(-/8- *(,-.
E+ &. SUELOE) +-) - --/(*) 4*,* )* 0(2* ' ) - -) *(,- > -) *=+* > +*/2
- +8()(*2 2- '*/-,* 4,+2-/8- 4+-2- -, /(2-,*2 ' +/
,-+, ,-/0*5)-. E +/ -)-'-/8 2- -/)*- -/8,- ) 9*8,- 5(;8(
> *5(;8( > - )- /(2-,* +/ 75(8*8 4*,* -) 2-*,,)) 2-)* 4)*/8*.L ('4*8 @+- +,,-/ -/ -) +-) 4, )* ,*2(*(;/
-)-8,'*=/?8(* /
A)8-,*(;/ 2- )* 5-))-* -?/(* A)8-,*(/- -/ -) 2-*,,)) )* 4)*/8*
E+ &. PAISA#EL* *)8-,*(;/ 0(+*) 2- )* ('*=-/ > </':* 2-) -/8,/ +,5*/ -
*+*2* 4, ,*2(*(;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(* -) '*/- (/*2-+*/2 2- )4*,'-8, 4*,* + +5(*(;/ ) @+- 4,0* @+- ?8 8-,'(/-/
*9-8*/2 -) -/8,/.L ('4*8 -/ -) 4*(*- 2-5(2 * )* ,*2(*(;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(* / D-8-,(, 2- )* 5-))-* 2- ) *,2(/- O*(/*,:* @+- )* -4-,*/* 2- 0(2* 2- )* *0- -* '-/, P,5)-'* -);=( *)8-,*(/- -/ )* 8-'4-,*8+,* 2-) *(,-
E+ .- SALUDL *'4 -)-8,'*=/?8( 4-/-8,*/ ) 8-(2 -4+-8 *
4,9+/2(2*2- @+- 2-4-/2-/ 2- )* 9,-+-/(* 7*8* +/ -/8:'-8, -/
-) * 2- )* 9,-+-/(* +8()(*2* 4, ) 8-)?9/ ';0()-. L*
-/-,=:* RF - *5,5(2* -/ -) +-,4 > 4,2+- *)-/8*'(-/8 4-, -)
4,- 7'-88( 8-,' ,-=+)*8,( /,'*) 2((4* -8- *),.
T2 ) -9-8 -8*5)-(2 2-5(2 * )* -4((;/ * )* RF -8/
,-)*(/*2 / -) *)-/8*'(-/8.
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L ('4*8 @+- +,,-/ -/ -) +-) 4, )* ,*2(*(;/
-)-8,'*=/?8(* / /-, 2- '*'* 9-'-/(/ > '*+)(/ *5,8 -4/8/- +((2( E)-,( )*8-,*) *'(8,<* -/9-,'-2*2 2- L+ G-7,(/= >
-/9-,'-2*2- *,2(0*+)*,- (/)+>-/2 (/9*,8 2-) '(*,2(.
E+ .- ECONOMIAL* 2-=,*2*(;/ *'5(-/8*) / - -) /( 9*8, @+- *9-8* )*
/2((/- 9+8+,* (/ 8*'5(?/ ) 2-*,,)) 8?/( > ) *'5(
@+- - ,-=(8,*/ -/ )* 7*5()(2*2- 7+'*/*L* ,*2(*(;/ -)-8,'*=/?8(* 4+-2- 8,*-, /(= =,*/2- ('4*8
' - D-4,-(*(;/ 2- )* 0(0(-/2* 2-/8, 2- 1! &!. R-2+(;/ 2- )* -/':*.
II MATERIAL Y M6TODOS
21 TIPO DE INVESTIGACION
I+)&/'(>-(=+ N* E&,(9&+'-.L* @+- - ,-*)(* (/ '*/(4+)*, 2-)(5-,*2*'-/8- 0*,(*5)-. E 2-(, - 8,*8*
2- (/0-8(=*(;/ 2/2- / 7*-' 0*,(*, (/8-/(/*2*'-/8- )* 0*,(*5)-
(/2-4-/2(-/8-.L @+- 7*-' -/ /+-8,* (/0-8(=*(;/ / -4-,('-/8*) - 5-,0*,
9-/;'-/ 8*) > ' - 2*/ -/ + /8-8 /*8+,*) 4*,* 2-4+?
*/*)(*,) -/ '4*,*(;/ * )* /,'*8(0* > ,2-/*/* '+/((4*)- 2-)
2(8,(8 2- /+-0 C7('58-.
22 DISEÑO DE ESTUDIOD&/,('()* S(9.&I/0-8(=*(/- 2-,(48(0* ('4)- ,-)-8*/ (/9,'*(;/ -/ 0*,(*
'+-8,* 5,- +/ '(' 9-/;'-/ 4*,* '4,*, ) 2*8 ,-=(2.E/ -8* (/0-8(=*(;/ ) (/0-8(=*2,- 5+*,-' > ,-=-,-'
(/9,'*(;/ 2-) '+/((4( * 8,*0? 2- )* 5-,0*(;/ > 2- 2(9-,-/8-
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9+-/8- 5(5)(=,<* -/ 9,'* 2(,-8* > *) </*) '4*,*,-' ) 2*8
58-/(2.
2" METODO
M?'*<* O$/&,)-(*+-.
I'4)(* *)=/ 8(4 2- (/9,'*(;/ =-/-,*)'-/8- - 7*5)* 2- '?82 2-0-,(<*(;/ 5-,0*(/*) +*/2 - (/8-/8* 0-,(<*, ,-*5*, 2*8 2- )*
,-*)(2*2 (/ (/8,2+(, /(/=/ 8(4 2- *,8(<( (/ --,-, +/ /8,) 5,- )*
0*,(*5)- (/2-4-/2(-/8-. Y -/ /+-8,* (/0-8(=*(;/ / 7*,-' /(/=+/* '*/(4+)*(;/ 2- /+-8,*
0*,(*5)- ) 0-,(<*,-' ( )* +5(*(;/ 2- )* */8-/* 2- ,*2(*(;/
-)-8,'*=/?8(* -/ /+-0 C7('58- - )* ,,-8* > ( -8* ,-4-8*/ )*
/,'*8(0* 4-,+*/*.
24 POBLACION Y MUESTRA
P*,* /+-8,* (/0-8(=*(;/ 8'*,-' /+-8,* '+-8,* *) 88*) 2- )*
45)*(;/ 4+-8 @+- -8* )8('* - 2- +/ 0*), ':/(' (-/2 ) -) 88*)
2- &! */8-/* -=/ +*2, N.
25 TECNICAS DE RECOLECCION DE DATOS
O58-/2,-' ) 2*8 * 8,*0? 2- )* 8?/(* 2- M?'*<* O$/&,)-(*+-. > CHEC\ LIST.
III RESULTADOS
S-=/ ) 2*8 58-/(2 2- )* 4,-=+/8* 2-) 7-] )(8
(r)*co +,01: "regunta +, 01
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F&+'&: E.-$*,-(=+ ,*(-
(r)*co +,02: "regunta +02
F&+'&: E.-$*,-(=+ P,*(-
(r)*co +,03: "regunta +,03
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F&+'&: E.-$*,-(=+ ,*(-
(r)*co +,0!: "regunta +,0!
F&+'&: E.-$*,-(=+ ,*(-
(r)*co +,0#: "regunta +,0#
&
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F&+'&: E.-$*,-(=+ ,*(-
IV DISCUSIÓN
S-=/ -) =,*< N !1 )* */8-/* @+- - -/+-/8,-/ +5(*2* * +/* 2(8*/(* 2-7*8* #!! '-8, )- 2- )-=( 74(8*)- -8. - 2-) # (-/2 +/**/8(2*2 2- 16 */8-/* '(-/8,* @+- -) "31& 2- )* */8-/* / 5-2--/ -8*/,'*8(0*
&$
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A/*)(*/2 -) =,*< N !& )* +5(*(;/ 2- */8-/* * */8-/* - -/+-/8,*/+5(*2* * +/* 2(8*/(* ':/('* 2- 3!! '-8, - 2-) 6$ (-/2 +/* */8(2*22- 1% */8-/* '(-/8,* @+- -) 3&% 2- )* */8-/* / 5-2--/ -8* /,'*8(0*
S-=/ -) =,*< N !3 )* */8-/* @+- - -/+-/8,* -/ *0-/(2* > /*'-,(*) / 2- +/ 36 (-/2 +/ 88*) 2- 1! */8-/* '(-/8,* @+- -) 6"1$2- )* ,-8*/8- / 5-2--/ * -8* /,'*8(0*.
S-=/ -) =,*< N !" )* */8-/* @+- - -/+-/8,*/ +5(*2* * +/* 2(8*/(*':/('* 2- 1#! '-8, 2- /* ,-(2-/(*)- - 2-) 36 (-/2 +/* */8(2*2 2-1! */8-/* '(-/8,* @+- -) 6" 1$2- )* */8-/* / 5-2--/ -8* /,'*8(0*.
S-=/ -) =,*< N !# )* */8-/* @+- - -/+-/8,*/ +5(*2* * +/* *)8+,* 2- #4( * ' / 2-) 6" (-/2 +/* */8(2*2 2- 1% */8-/* '(-/8,* @+- -) 3&% 2- )* */8-/* / 5-2--/ -8* /,'*8(0*.
D- *+-,2 * 82 ) 2*8 58-/(2 )* '*>,:* 2- */8-/* +5(*2* -/ -)
2(8,(8 2- /+-0 C7('58- / +'4)-/ / 82* )* /,'*8(0* -8*5)-(2 2-
)* '+/((4*)(2*2[ ( 5(-/ - (-,8 -(8-/ -'4,-* @+- +'4)- / 2 8,-
/,'* 2- )* ,2-/*/* '+/((4*) (-/2 -/ + '*>,:* )* 2-) A,8:+) # 2- )*
OM N 1"&!13MDNCH (/ -'5*,= / -(8- /(/=+/* -'4,-* @+- +'4)*/ )*
/,'* -/ + 88*)(2*2.
V CONCLUSIÓN
• S- 2-8-,'(/; @+- -/ -) D(8,(8 2- N+-0 C7('58- -(8- +/ 88*) 2- &$A/8-/* 2- T,*/'((;/ E)-8,'*=/?8(* > +5(*2* -/ +,5*/(*(/- >*0-/(2* -=/ -) */- N^
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• L 4*,'-8, @+- 8'* )* O,2-/*/* M+/((4*) 2-) A,8:+) # 2- )* OMN 1"&!13MDNCH / D-5- -//8,*,- -/ *0-/(2* > /8*, / /(<*(;/ '-,(*) -=/
) -8*5)-(2 -/ )* /,'* ,,-4/2(-/8-. S- -/+-/8,- +5(*2 -/ +/* '*/*/* 2/2- - 2-*,,))- /(*'-/8-
*8(0(2*2 '-,(*).
Q+- ) -2(<( 2/2- - (/8*)-/ 8-/=*/ 4, ) '-/ # 4( 2-
*)8+,*. D-5-,/ -//8,*,- +5(*2* * +/* 2(8*/(* / '-/, 2- 1#! '-8,
2- /* ,-(2-/(*)-. A2((/*)'-/8- * ) -4+-8 )* (/9,*-8,+8+,* 2-5- -//8,*,- * +/*
2(8*/(* ':/('* 2- 3!! '-8, 2- 8,* ('()*,. L* A/8-/* 2- T,*/'((;/ E)-8,'*=/?8(* 2-5-/ (/8*)*,- * +/*
2(8*/(* 2- 7*8* #!! '-8, 2- )-=( 74(8*)- -/8,
=-,(8,(.
• P2-' /)+(, @+- )* U5(*(/- *8+*)- 2- )* A/8-/* 2-/8, 2-)
D(8,(8 2- N+-0 C7('58- NO CUMPLEN / )* N,'* 2- (/8*)*(;/
-=/ )* O,2-/*/* M+/((4*) N 1"&!13MDNCH. L* /2* 8(-/-/ +/
,*2( 2- (/+-/(* -)-8,'*=/?8(* 2- 7*8* ' 2- #!! '-8,[ -8*
/2* / - 0-/ / - 7+-)-/ / (/0((5)- > - 2-4)** 4, -) -4*( (/
/--(2*2 2- *5)-. S-=/ -) D.S. N !3$&!!3MTC. S- *4,5; '
):'(8- '(' 4*,* ,*2(*(/- / (/(*/8- 2- 8-)-'+/(*(/-
7*8* #!! '-8,. A2-' )* O,=*/(*(;/ M+/2(*) 2- )* S*)+2 OMS
+=(-,- @+- L* */8-/* 2- 8-)-9/:* ';0() K -)+)*,- K 2-5-/ (/8*)*,- *
+/* 2(8*/(* 2- 7*8* #!! '-8, 2- ) )-=( 74(8*)- -8. E8+2(
(-/8:< +=(-,-/ @+- /( > */(*/ 4+-2-/ -, ) ' *9-8*2 4,
+/* -4((;/ /8(/+*2*. E8* 2(,-8,(- / - +'4)-/.O8, 4,5)-'* - @+- NO CUMPLEN / )* *)8+,* *2-+*2*[ + (/8*)*(;/
2- )* A/8-/* '(-/* 2-2- -) P,('-, 4( > / - '*>, * &! '-8, 2-
*)8+,*[ (/+,,(-/2 -/ +/* 9*)8* =,*0- -=/ )* O,2-/*/* M+/((4*) N 1"
&!13MDNCH.
S*5(-/2 -8 42-' 2-(, @+- )* 9*)8* 2- /('(-/8 2- )* 45)*(;/7*- @+- /8, '(' (/+,,*' -/ 9*)8* =,*0- 4, )* 4,('(2*2
@+- / +5(*' 4*,* 0(0(, *-,/2/ * A/8-/* @+- -8/ *)-*2*
2-) D(8,(8 ' - -) * 2- /* 2- !3 2- O8+5,- P-4*[ 2/2- )*
(/0*(/- 7* /))-0*2 * @+- ) ',*2,- +5(@+-/ + ** * )
3!
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8*2 2- )* */8-/* *) ,--, )* 45)*(;/ - /--*,( @+- -
/8,+>* )-=( > 4, -/2- )* 4,('(2*2 2- -)).