Post on 07-Aug-2021
CONCLUSIONES
En función a los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, es decir, el Desarrollo de un
Sistema de supervisión y Control para el Nivel de los Tanques de las Estaciones de Servicio
se concluyó que los procesos de automatización, permiten al proceso tener una eficiencia y
eficacia en el mismo, puesto que se traduce en su mejora y ahorro, aumentando la
comercialización en el mercado nacional.
En relación con las fases desarrolladas, reflejadas en los objetivos específicos, se llegó a
la las siguientes determinaciones:
Se realizó el estudio del actual proceso de medición de nivel y temperatura con la
finalidad de definir el problema existente en el mismo, así como de conocer las fortalezas y
definiciones de este. Por ello se consiguió alcanzar el primer objetivo específico de la
investigación, es decir, el estudio de la situación actual en el proceso de medición, el cual
representa un paso fundamental para el desarrollo de la investigación.
Por otra parte se lleva a cabo el estudio del funcionamiento del microcontrolador
PIC16C71 y de sus dispositivos periféricos con el propósito de relacionarse con los equipos
que allí interactúan y conocer mejor cada uno de sus aspectos, características y
especificaciones, de manera de poder trabajar mejor al comenzar el desarrollo de la
investigación.
Así mismo, se elaboraron una serie de planos eléctricos, diagramas de bloques y
descripción del sistema como tal, donde se plasma el prototipo en donde se indica la
interconexión de cada uno de los elementos, y así como sus respectivas señales de entrada y
salida.
Una vez culminada la elaboración del diseño del prototipo, procedió a realizar pruebas
con los distintos dispositivos que allí interactúan, como lo es la verificación de las señales
de entrada y salida, la alimentación de voltaje adecuada, así como la programación del
microcontrolador.
Con la configuración de cada uno de los elementos electrónicos permitió alcanzar todos
los objetivos específicos de la investigación.
Al cumplir con todos los objetivos queda culminada esta investigación, por lo que ahora
se puede contar con un sistema de supervisión y control electrónico, que servirá de modelo
para todas las Estaciones de Servicio que requieran de los modelos especificados en los
anexos, para así mejorar el proceso de medición de las variables antes mencionadas y de
esta manera haber encontrado los equipos idóneos para la disponibilidad de los procesos en
las mismas.
RECOMENDACIONES
Dado el análisis de la evaluación en caliente del sistema en su forma automática y los
resultados obtenidos se determinó en pro del mejoramiento continuo de las operaciones se
deben realizar una serie de recomendaciones descritas como son:
1. Se debe utilizar una arquitectura abierta al momento de comprar los equipos del
sistema de supervisión y control y de cualquier instalación ya que esto garantiza un mejor
aprovechamiento del hardware y software del mismo, evitándose actuaciones futuras y
teniendo la disponibilidad de conexiones entre varias marcas, lo cual genera ahorro de
dinero y tiempo.
2. Se recomienda tomar en cuenta los requerimientos funcionales y operacionales,
para adaptación del sistema.
3. Se recomienda tomar en cuenta este prototipo a la hora de construir una estación de
servicio para la implantación de los equipos involucrados.
4. Para ganar espacio en los pozos donde se encuentran los tanques de
almacenamiento se deben tomar en cuenta (tomar las provisiones necesarias), comprando
equipos de dimensiones más reducidas y de arquitectura abierta con el avance de la
tecnología.
5. Para lograr optimizar el proceso de medición de nivel , temperatura y el gas para
futuros estudios en los tanques y lograr disminuir los costos, es necesario que las estaciones
de servicio tomen en cuenta las siguientes recomendaciones:
- Instalar el sistema de supervisión y control de manera que queden especificados cuatro
tanques para un solo PIC ya que tiene solo cuatro canales de entrada analógica para las
variables.
- Instalar un dispositivo de medición de gas, con la finalidad de llevar un control de esta
variable que se libera a la atmósfera, todo esto para evitar incendios contraproducentes.
Los sensores a utilizar, deben ser confiables y de alta calidad, pues los mismos son los
encargados de tomar la información y llevarla a el dispositivo, de ocurrir una falla en los
sensores, el sistema no responderá de manera deseada.
Debe colocarse en las estaciones de servicio una alarma sonora para el nivel bajo y alto
la cual alertará a distancia la presencia de una falla en el sistema y para diversos niveles.
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS LIBROS:
- ANGULO, José M. Robótica Práctica, Segunda Edición, Caracas-Vzla, 1983.
- ANGULO, Ignacio. Diseño Práctico de Microcontroladores PIC. Aplicaciones/
Ignacio Angulo Martínez, José María Angulo Usategui. 2da Edición. España:
McGraw-Hill, 1997.
- BABARESCO DE PRIETO, Aura M. Proceso Metológico En la Investigación,
segunda Edición, Caracas-Vzla, 1994.
- CREUS, Antonio. Instrumentación Industrial, 5ta Edición, Alfaomega Grupo Editor,
S.A, 1995.
- DORF, Richard C. Sistemas Modernos de Control , Addison-Wesley, México 1986.
- DORF, Richard C. Sistemas de Control Moderno, Séptima Edición, 1995
- G. H. Hostetter. Sistemas de Control. McGraw Hill, 199.........
- KENDALL & KENDALL, Sistemas de Control. 1991
- KUO, Benjamín C. Sistemas de Control Automático, Séptima Edición, 1995.
- OGATA, Katsuhiko. Ingeniería de Control Moderna. Editado por Pretice- Hall
Hispanoamericana, S.A.
- MALONEY, T. Electrónica Industrial. Primera Edición. Editorial Prentice Hall.
- Microchip Tecnology Inc, Embedded Control Handbook. Microchip, 1994.
MANUALES:
- Edres + Hauser (1994). Multicap TDC 12 TE, DC 11/15/21/26 TEN, DC 11/16/21/26
TES, Level. Probes, Operating Instructions.
- SUÁREZ, Arturo M, y Correa. Controladores Lógicos Programables. Controladores
Lógicos Programables. Centro de Formación y Adiestramiento Petrolero (CEPET),
1988.
- DRAVO, Dino. Operadores de Producción. (1999)
REVISTAS:
- CEKIT. Electrónica y Computadores. 1999
Europe
Austria Endress+Hauser Ges.m.b.H.ViennaTel. (02 22) 8 8056-0, Fax (02 22) 8 8056-35
BelarusBelorgsintezGUS-220089 MinskTel. (0172) 26 3166, Fax (0172) 26 3111
Belgium / Luxembourg Endress+Hauser S.A./N.V.BrusselsTel. (02) 248 0600, Fax (02) 24805 53
BulgariaINTERTECH-AUTOMATIONBG-1164 SofiaTel. (02) 662 4869, Fax (02) 9631389
Croatia Endress+Hauser GmbH+Co.HR-10020 ZagrebTel. (01) 6601418, Fax (01) 6601418
CyprusI+G Electrical Services Co. Ltd.NicosiaTel. (02) 4847 88, Fax (02) 4846 90
Czech Republic Endress+Hauser GmbH+Co.CZ-17088 PragTel. (026) 6784200,Fax(026) 784179
Denmark Endress+Hauser A/SSøborgTel. (31) 6731 22, Fax (31) 6730 45
EstoniaElvi-AquaTartuTel. (07) 4227 26, Fax (07) 4227 27
Finland Endress+Hauser OyEspooTel. (90) 859 6155, Fax (90) 85960 55
France Endress+Hauser S.A.HuningueTel. 389 69 6768, Fax 38969 4802
Germany Endress+Hauser Messtechnik GmbH+Co.Weil am RheinTel. (0 7621) 975-01, Fax (0 7621) 975-5 55
Great Britain Endress+Hauser Ltd.ManchesterTel. (01 61) 2 865000, Fax (01 61) 9 981841
GreeceI & G Building Services Automation S.A.GR-17672 AthensTel. (01) 924 1500, Fax (01) 92217 14
HungaryMile Ipari-ElektroH-1104 BudapestTel. (01) 261 5535, Fax (01) 26155 35
IcelandVatnshreinsun HFIS-105 ReykjavikTel. (00354) 5619616, Fax (00354) 5619617
IrelandFlomeaco Company Ltd.KildareTel. (0 45 ) 8 68615, Fax (045) 868182
Italy Endress+Hauser Italia S.p.A.Cernusco s/N MilanoTel. (02) 9210 64 21, Fax (02) 92 107153
JugoslaviaMeris d.o.o.YU-11000 BeogradTel. (1) 14 44 2966 Fax (1) 11 43 0 043
LatviaRaita Ltd.LV-1063 RigaTel. (02)254795, Fax (02) 7258933
LithuaniaAgava Ltd.LT-3000 KaunasTel. (07) 202410, Fax (07) 2074 14
Netherlands Endress+Hauser B.V.NaardenTel. (0 35) 6 958611, Fax (0 35) 6 9588 25
Norway Endress+Hauser A/STranbyTel. (0 32) 85 10 85, Fax (032) 8511 12
Poland Endress+Hauser Polska Sp. z o.o.Warsaw, PL-05-090 RASZYNTel. (022)7201090 , Fa x (0 22 )72 01 08 5
PortugalTecnisis - Tecnica de Sistemas IndustriaisLinda-a-VelhaTel. (01) 417 26 37, Fax (1) 41852 78
RomaniaRomconseng SRLRO-77205 BucharestTel. (01) 410 16 34, Fax (01) 4 1016 34
Russia E+H Moscow Office123060 MoscowTel.: 007 095 158 7564 Fax:0070 951589871
Slovak RepublicTranscom Technik s.r.o.SK-82109 BratislavaTel. (07) 5213161, Fax (07) 5 21 31 81
Slovenia Endress+Hauser D.O.O.SLO-61117 LjubljanaTel. (061) 15922 17, Fax (061) 1 59 2298
Spain Endress+Hauser S.A.BarcelonaTel. (93) 48 03 36 6 , Fax ( 9 3 ) 4 7338 39
Sweden Endress+Hauser ABSollentunaTel. (08) 626 16 00, Fax (08) 6 2694 77
Switzerland Endress+Hauser AGReinach/BL 1Tel. (0 61) 7 156222, Fax (0 61) 7 1116 50
TurkeyINTEK Endüstriyel Ölcü ve Kontrol SistemleriIstanbulTel. (0212) 2 7513 55, Fax (02 12) 2 6627 75
UkraineIndustria UkraïnaUA-252006 KievTel. (044) 26852 13, Fax (044) 2 68 5213
Africa
EgyptAnasia Industrial AgenciesET-11361 Heliopolis/CairoTel. (02) 4179007, Fax (02) 417 9008
MoroccoOussama S.A.CasablancaTel. (02) 241338, Fax (02) 402 657
NigeriaJ.F. Technical Invest.Nig.Ltd.LagosTel.(1)62234546, Fax(1)62234548
South Africa Endress+Hauser Pty. Ltd.SandtonTel. (1) 4441386, Fax (1 ) 44 41 97 7
TunisiaControle, Maintenance et RegulationTunisTel. (01) 793077, Fax (01) 7885 95
America
E+H ArgentinaRA-1431 Buenos AiresTel. (1) 522 7970, Fax (1 ) 52 27 90 9
BoliviaTritec S.R.L.BOL-50981 CochabambaTel. (042) 5 6993, Fax (042) 509 81
Brazil Samson Endress+Hauser LtdaBR-04360-001 Sao PauloTel. (011) 5 3634 55, Fax (011) 536 3067
Canada Endress+Hauser Ltd.Burlington, OntarioTel. (90 5 ) 68 19 29 2 ,Fax ( 90 5 )6 81 94 44
ChileDIN Instrumentos Ltda.SantiagoTel. (02) 20501 00, Fax (02) 2 258139
ColombiaColsein Ltd.CO-A.A. 55479 Bogota D.C.Tel. (01) 23676 59, Fax (01) 6 104186
Costa RicaEURO-TEC S.A.CR-1000 San JoseTel.(0506) 29615 42, Fax(0506) 2 9615 42
EcuadorInsetec Cia. Ltda.QuitoTel. (02) 251242, Fax (03) 246 18 33
GuatemalaACISA Automatizacion y ControlGCA-01901 GuatemalaTel. (02) 3345985, Fax (02) 33 2 7 43 1
Mexico Endress+Hauser Instruments InternationalMexico City Office, Mexico D.F.Tel. (05) 568 9658 , Fa x (0 5 ) 56 8 4 18 3
ParaguayINCOEL S.R.L.AsuncionTel. (021) 213989, Fax (021) 2 26583
UruguayCircular S.A.ROU-11200 MontevideoTel. (02) 92 5785, Fax (02) 929151
USA Endress+Hauser Inc.Greenwood, IndianaTel. (0317) 535-71 38, Fax (0317) 535-14 89
VenezuelaH. Z. Instrumentos C.A.YV-1060-A CaracasTel. (02) 97988 13, Fax (02) 9 799608
Asia
China Endress+Hauser ShanghaiInstrumentation Co. LtdCN-200030 ShanghaiTel. (021) 64646700, Fax (02 1 )6 47 47 86 0
Hong Kong Endress+Hauser (H.K.) Ltd.Kowloon Hong KongTel.(0852) 2528 3120,Fax (0852) 2865 4171
India Endress+Hauser India Branch OfficeIND-400072 MumbaiTel. (022) 8 52 14 58 , Fax ( 02 2 )8 52 19 27
IndonesiaPT Grama BazitaJakartaTel. (021) 7 9750 83, Fax (021) 797 5089
Japan Sakura Endress Co., Ltd.TokyoTel. (422) 5406 11, Fax (422) 5502 75
Malaysia Endress+Hauser (M) Sdn. Bhd.Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul EhsanTel. (3) 733 48 48, Fax 03) 733 8800
PakistanSpeedy AutomationPAK-74400 KarachiTel. (021) 772 2953, Fax (021)773 6884
PhilippinesBrenton Industries Inc.Makati Metro ManilaTel. (2) 84306 61, Fax (2) 8 1757 39
Singapore Endress+Hauser (S.E.A.) Pte., Ltd.Singapore 609917Tel. ( 6 5 ) 56 68 222, Fax (65) 566 6848
South KoreaEndress+Hauser (Korea) Co Ltd..ROK Seoul 157-040Tel. (2) 658 7200, Fax (2) 659 2838
TaiwanKingjarl CorporationRC-10580 TaipeiTel. (02) 7 1839 38, Fax (02) 7 13 4190
Thailand Endress+Hauser Ltd.BangkokTel. (02)996 7811, Fax (02) 9967810
VietnamTan Viet Bao Co. Ltd.Ho Chi Minh CityTel. (08) 8 3352 25, Fax (08) 8 33 5227
IranTelephone Technical Services Co. Ltd.IR-15876 TehranTel. (021) 8 746750, Fax (021) 8 73 7295
IsraelInstrumetrics Industrial Control Ltd.IL-61131 Tel-AvivTel. (03) 6 4802 05, Fax (03) 6 47 1992
JordanA.P. Parpas Engineering S.A.AmmanTel. (06) 5539283, Fax (06) 5539205
Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaAnasia Industrial AgenciesSAU-21533 JeddahTel. (02) 6 71 00 14 , Fax ( 02 ) 6 72 59 29
KuwaitKuwait Maritime & Mercantile Co. K.S.C.KWT-13001 SafatTel. (05) 2 4347 52, Fax (05)24414 86
LebanonNetwork Engineering Co.JbeilTel. (01) 325 40 51, Fax (01) 99 440 80
Sultanate of OmanMustafa & Jawad Sience & Industry Co.L.L.C.OM-112 RuwiTel. (08)6020 09, Fax (08) 86070 66
United Arab EmiratesDescon Trading EST.UAE DubaiTel. (04) 35 9522, Fax (04) 35 9617
YemenYemen Company for Ghee and Soap IndustryTaizTel. (04) 230664, Fax (04) 212338
Australia + New Zealand
AustraliaAlsthom Australia LTD.Villawood NSW 2163Tel. (02)9722 4777, Fax (02) 97 22 48 88
New ZealandEMC Industrial InstrumentationNZ-0000 Glenfield Auckland 9Tel. (09)444 9229, Fax (09)444 1145
All other countries
Endress+Hauser GmbH+Co.- Instruments International -
Weil am Rhein, GermanyTel. (076 21) 9 75-02, Fax (076 21) 97 53 45e-mail: info@ii.endress.com
04. 10. 98/E+H II Members of the Endress+Hauser Group
Hauser+Endress
FCX-A-E
FXW
TRANSMISOR INTELIGENTE HIDROSTATICO DE NIVEL
COMUNICADOR PORTATIL HART
Instrumento que permite medir nivel en tanques tanto venteados como
presurizados (presión positiva o vacio) y genera una señal de salida bifilar de 4 - 20 mA, posee ademas protocolo HART. Amplia variedad de materiales mojados. Rangos disponibles desde 0 a 100 mm hasta 0 a 50.000 mm de columna de
agua.
Con este equipo se accede en forma remota a los parámetros de configuración
y calibración de los transmisores inteligentes FCX-A/C. Admite una
impresora térmica integral para registrar las características de cada instrumento.
TP-750-Nx
TP-740-Sx
TRANSMISOR HIDROSTATICO DE NIVEL
TRANSMISOR HIDROSTATICO SANITARIO DE NIVEL
Apto para la medición en tanques venteados a la atmósfera. Conexión con brida ANSI de 2", 3" o 4". Primario en
inoxidable AISI-316. Rangos de medición entre 0 a 500 mm y 0 a 25000 mm de
columna de agua. Señal de salida bifilar de 4 - 20 mA. Opcionalmente posee
indicador local digital.
Mide nivel en tanques venteados. Disponible con conexión tipo Union Doble
Sanitaria Danesa de 38 mm o Clamp según normas americanas de 1 1/2".
Primario construido en inoxidable AISI-316. Rangos de medición entre 0 a 500 y
0 a 25000 mm de columna de agua. Salida analógica bifilar de 4 - 20 mA.
TP-740-TSN
LTS-1610
TRANSMISOR HIDROSTATICO SUMERGIBLE DE NIVEL
TRANSMISOR CONTINUO MAGNETICO DE NIVEL
Especialmente apto para la medición de nivel de cisternas, pozos de agua, etc. De muy fácil instalación, el cuerpo hermético
se deja colgar del cable especial de conexión. Diámetro del cuerpo 25 mm. Rangos de medición de 0 a 2000 mm hasta 0 a 15000 mm de columna de
agua. Salida análogica bifilar de 4 - 20 mA.
Destinable a la medición de nivel o interfase entre líquidos. No es afectado por la densidad del líquido medido. Apto para servicio en tanques presurizados. Rangos entre 0 a 1000 mm y 0 a 5000
mm. Señal de salida bifilar de 4 a 20 mA. Opcionalmente se provee con doble nivel
de alarma y/o control.
SLT
LIT
TRANSMISOR - CONTROLADOR ULTRA_SONICO DE NIVEL
TRANSMISOR ULTRA_SONICO DE NIVEL
Permite la medición de nivel de liquidos, inclusive los muy corrosivos. Rango de
medición programable hasta 8 Mts. Posee display configurable con indicación de nivel y volumen. Tiene tres contactos
SPDT con función de alarna o control de bombas. Salida analógica de 4 - 20 mA.
Equipo económico; totalmente equivalente al SLT, pero solo posee un
contacto SPDT para ser empleado como alarma de alto o bajo nivel.
TFT
TRANSMISOR ULTRA_SONICO DE NIVEL PARA PLAYAS DE
TANQUES
Es un instrumento de costo accesible especialmente diseñado para que varias
unidades sean puestas en red con un master que puede ser un PLC o una computadora tipo PC. El medio de
comunicación es RS-485 y hasta 32 unidades pueden ser conectadas. Esta disponible un práctico software para administración de playas de tanques.
LS-1600
LS-1620
INTERRUPTOR TERMICO DE NIVEL O INTERFASE
DETECTOR DE HIDROCARBUROS
SOBRENADANTES EN AGUA
Genera una señal de alarma o control al cuando el líquido cubre o descubre el
extremo sensor. Puede ser calibrado para detectar interfase entre dos líquidos no
miscibles (Ej.: agua-hidrocarburo). Primario fabricado en AISI -316 con conexión roscada o bridada. Salida
mediante contacto SPDT libre de tensión.
Este equipo esta especialmente destinado a la detección de líquidos no conductores
(petroleo, combustibles, aceites, etc) sobrenadantes en agua, con el objetivo
de prevenir situaciones de contaminación ambiental o detectar mal funcionamiento
de equipos de proceso. Posee hasta cuatro niveles de detección con contactos
SPDT independientes.
Temperature Gauging Systems
S t o r a g e T a n k M e a s u r e m e n t
“The Tank Gauging People”
The answer to complete liquid temperatureinformation
Enraf temperature measuring systems make use ofproven technology and offer the highly efficienttemperature parameter for total inventory control.Our Multiple Thermo Sensor Thermometer (MTT)provides:
• Accurate product temperature• Accurate vapor temperature• Temperature profiles
In combination with SmartRadar and Servo levelgauges, and as part of Hydrostatic gauging systems,we provide you with accurate on-line informationincluding:
• Liquid levels• Water/product interface level• Volume• Mass• Alarms
All measured and calculated data and parameters areavailable to higher level systems (DCS, SCADA, MIS,etc.) by means of an extended number of communication protocols.
Accurate temperature gauging pays back veryquickly!
Enraf introduced a line of very rigid and accuratetemperature gauging devices.
• The Multiple Thermo sensor Thermometer• The Spot temperature thermometers *)
Temperature changes in liquid alter level, volumeand density. These potential changes make temperature gauging very important. For exampleeach 1 °C (1.8 °F) uncertainty causes a deviation ofmore than 0.1 %. For a storage tank holding 50,000 m3 (300,000 bbl) this results in an uncertaintyof 50 m3 (300 bbl).
Enraf temperature measurement is the result ofalmost 40 years of innovation.
Continuous development means:
• Innovative temperature measurement technology• Maintenance-free temperature gauges• Solutions for any application
Characteristics MTT
Measuring range :up to 33,000 mm (108 ft) **)
Instrument accuracy :Temperature < 0.1 °C (0.18 °F) ***)
Housing material :Polyamide (Nylon)Stainless Steel AISI 316 L, corrugated tube
Operating temperature :Low temperature:
range -55 °C to +135 °C (-65 °F to +275 °F)High temperature:
range -55 °C to +200 °C (-65 °F to +390 °F)Very low temperature:
range -200 °C to +70 °C (-330 °F to +160 °F)
Mounting :In 2", 150 lb or otherFrom tank roof or side mounted
*) through Enraf from third party**) other ranges on request***) under reference conditions
1234
1 compound2 copper (Cu)3 solder connection4 constantane (CuNi)5 shrink sleave
Reliable sealed temperature detectors
5
Outstanding accuracy
The inventive use of thermosensors, in combinationwith a high class reference resistance, providesoutstanding accurate measurements. Temperaturemeasurements ensure that temperature differencescan be detected to within 0.1 °C (0.18 °F).
Weights & Measures
Enraf developed its temperature gauging systems infull compliance with international standards. MTT has received full certification from Custody &Excise and official Weights & Measures authorities. It meets all international requirements for custodytransfer.
Unique safety features
Enraf MTTs are approved and meet all internationalsafety standards for use in hazardous areas. Among its many safety features is a unique lightningprotection system to avoid damage duringthunderstorms.
Two wire interface to level gauge
Features Your Benefits !
Sturdy construction
Electronic element selectorand digital conversion
No moving parts
Versatile mounting configuration
Nylon or Stainless steel
Sixteen measuring poins
Platinum RTD
Efficient, and reliable
No maintenance costs
Very vast and reliable information
A solution for every mounting situation
Preserves life of instrument
Minimal cabling and wiring
Average temperature, profilingand vapor temperature
Accuratye differential measurement
Galvanic lightning protection Safe and reliable in all weather conditions
Compact and lightweight Easy to install
Temperature at any level
“The Tank Gauging People”
TC15TC14TC13TC12
TC0
TC1
TC2
TC3
TC4
CuNi
Pt100
INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT?
Temperature measurement is particularly importantfor facilities that store liquids and want stockquantification either by volume or by mass.Automatic temperature gauging is safe and laborcost saving.
How to measure temperature?
There are several systems for temperaturemeasurement available.
• Spot temperature measurement
Spot or single point, temperature measurement iscommonly done with an RTD probe of a definedinsertion length mounted from the tank wall. A spot element is, in many cases, able to do the job.The position for a single point temperature probe isvery important for registering the true averageproduct temperature in a tank.
• Average temperature measurement *)
For the volume calculation, it is necessary to knowthe average temperature of the product’s totalvolume.
Because most stored liquids do not havehomogenous temperatures, a more sophisticatedmeasuring system is required.
For example, products loaded into the tank indifferent batches can have a difference intemperature.
With the new Multiple Thermosensor Thermometers(MTT), Enraf supplies a robust and reliableinstrument. It makes use of the most robustthermocouples available.
A unique differential measuring technique
The accuracy of the MTT is assured by a uniquedifferential measuring technique.Instead of measuring the absolute temperature,Enraf’s MTT measures the difference compared witha precision reference platinum RTD located near thebottom of the assembly. As a result we achieve ameasuring accuracy better than ± 0.1 °C (0.18 °F).
Each MTT incorporates 16 equally spacedtemperature detectors which, combined with themultiple temperature interface and selector, providea true average temperature. As a unique feature, determination of temperatureprofiles is possible! The MTT also provides thetemperature of the vapor area which can be usefulin case of gas storage.
Sturdy Polyamide (Nylon) or corrugated stainlesssteel protection tubes with special top and bottomfittings seal the temperature detectors completelyfrom the atmosphere.
Advanced techniques continuously monitor and/orcorrect for the influence of terminal and resistancechanges, thermal voltages and temperature drift.
A unique measuring principle
*) We will be glad to advise for a change to MTT, for installation already equipped with Multiple Resistance Thermometers (MRT).
Internal tank data Externaldata
Density
Dens. Ref.(from lab or gauge)
Processpara-
meters
Measure-ment
Tables
DerivedData
Tank Level Temp.
LevelGauge Temp. M
T.C.T. A.S.T.M.54
G.O.V. V.C.F.
G.S.V.
Mass
Level based Stock Inventory
It is important to understand how the GrossObserved Volume of the product is determined in alevel based tank gauging system, althoughtemperature information is also an importantparameter in Enraf’s hydrostatic tank gaugingsystems.
Starting with level, the Gross Observed Volume ofthe product is determined by utilizing TankCalibration Tables which relate liquid level to liquidvolume.
Combining the Gross Observed Volumetric quantitywith the liquid temperature measurement, a GrossStandard Volume can be calculated. The GrossStandard Volume is the volume at a referencetemperature.
From the Gross Standard Volume the Mass can becalculated by introducing the Reference Density. In general, Volume multiplied by density equals itsmass.
Installation
MechanicalA two inch entry in the tank is sufficient for theinstallation. The MTT can be installed eithersuspended in the tank secured by means of an anchorweight or in a two inch thermowell.For pressurised applications, a non-slottedthermowell is recommended. For caverns, we supplyspecial MTTs adapted to your application.
ElectricalAn average temperature gauging loop consists of anMTT connected to a Multi-element InterfaceThermosensor converter (MIT) in most cases mountedon top of the MTT. The MIT is in turn connected viaone twisted pair with a temperature processingboard in a Enraf Servo tank gauge, a SmartRadarlevel gauge or a Field Display & Interface (FDI).
Temperature an important parameter
“The Tank Gauging People”
Your guarantee of accuracy and safety at yourplant
Enraf’s temperature measuring systems are approvedand fully certified by numerousorganizations throughout the world, includingWeight & Measures, Custody & Excise andMeteorological institutes.Enraf instruments also comply with regulations setby the worlds leading storage industryorganizations.
Accreditation include:
CENELEC EuropeUL/FM USACSA CanadaBASEEFA United KingdomPTB GermanySIM FranceNMI the NetherlandsSEV SwitzerlandBEV/TÜV AustriaKDB/Prochem PolandSAA AustraliaSAA CanadaSIRIM MalaysiaGOS Standard RussiaNEPSI ChinaCCE IndiaMIGAS Indonesia
OIML Organization International de MétrologieLégaleAPI American Petroleum InstituteCEN Comité Européen de NormalisationISO International Standardization Organization
............. and many others
Enraf is an ISO 9001 certified company.
In use by companies all over the world
Enraf temperature gauging systems can be found onall types of bulk storage tanks, storing a huge varietyof liquids. They are the first choice of many of theworld’s top companies, including:
Petrochemical industriesRefineriesIndependent terminalsMarketing terminalsPipeline terminalsGas terminalsChemical industriesFood and beverage industriesAviation fuel supply companiesUtilitiesStrategic oil & gas storage organizations
For more detailed Information
If you would like more information on the Enraftemperature gauging systems or any product fromthe Enraf range (a selection is shown opposite)please contact your nearest Enraf office. Full contactdetails are given on the overleaf.
The following Enraf Product Sheets are available ontemperature gauging:
- Multiple Thermo sensor Thermometers (MTT)- Spot temperature sensors
For a wide range of tanks an liquids
The complete system
LAN/WAN Ethernet / Tokenring
InventoryManagementSystem
CIU Plus
CIU Prime
Field bus
SmartRadar
Servo
HIMS HTG
Entis ProEnrafs new age Windows-NT basedinventory systems provides superb datafor effective tank farm management.With there latest technology they havegained official recognition from officialmeasurement authorities.
Communication Interface UnitsEnraf Communication Interface Unit CIU Plus and CIU Prime are the mostpowerful tank gauging data collecting,processing and communication units.
SmartRadarA unique tank gauge with the newestradar technology is the most advanceddevelopment in non-intrusive levelmeasurement. SmartRadar gives optimalmeasuring performance in anyapplication.
Servo GaugesAn intelligent tank gauge for liquidstorage tanks. The first automatic servogauge to receive certification fromleading weights & measures authorities.It is very compact and needs only a smallmounting flange.
Hydrostatic Tank GaugingThe Enraf HTG system is an example oftrend-setting technology at its best,using high accuracy digital pressuretransmitters. The best solution for directmass measurement.
Hybrid Inventory Management SystemsThe Hybrid Inventory ManagementSystem (HIMS) brings together the bestof servo tank gauging or SmartRadarwith digital pressure transmitter toprovide maximum accuracy in level, mass,density and volume.
Other instruments in the Enraf range• WaterScout for product/water
interface measurement• Portable Enraf Terminal (PET) for easy
commissioning and field configuration• Indicators – for data display in the
field or any location• Securiterre – for any grounding
application as road trucks, trains, etc.• AlarmScout – to prevent overfill and
spills. It detects liquids, slurries, foam aswell as interfaces (e.g. oil/water).
The Tank Gauging People
Enraf B.V.Röntgenweg 1, 2624 BD DelftP.O. Box 812, 2600 AV DelftThe NetherlandsTel.: +31 (0)15 269 86 00, Fax: +31 (0)15 261 95 74Email: info@enraf.nlhttp://www.enraf.com
China: Enraf B.V. (Shanghai Rep. Office)# 18-01, Suncome Liauw's Plaza, 738 Shangchen Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200120Tel.: +86 21 58311611, Fax: +86 21 58313011
France: ENRAF S.a.r.l.ZAC Les Beaudottes, 15 rue Paul Langevin,93270 SEVRANTel.: +33 (0)1 49 36 20 80, Fax: +33 (0)1 43 85 26 48
Germany: Enraf GmbHObere Dammstrasse 10, 42653 SolingenPostfach 101023, 42648 SolingenTel.: +49 (0)212 58 750, Fax: +49 (0)212 58 7549
Singapore: Enraf B.V. (Singapore Rep. Office)Lam Soon Industrial Building63 Hillview Avenue, # 05 - 03, Singapore 669569Tel.: +65 76 94 857, Fax: +65 76 94 348
United Kingdom: Enraf Ltd.Unit 11, Sandridge Park, Porters WoodSt. Albans, Herts AL3 6PHTel.: +44 (0)1 727 843 376, Fax: +44 (0)1 727 842 185
USA: ENRAF Inc.500 Century Plaza Drive, Suite 120Houston, Texas 77073Tel.: +1 281 443 4291, Fax: +1 281 443 6776
Russia: Enraf B.V. (Moscow Rep. Office)c/o Nucletron - Oldelft2nd Donskoy Proezd, Building 6/4117071 MoscowTel.: +7 095 935 7877. Fax: +7 095 935 7877
vW-IN-4416.026-V2.0
vW-U
S-44
16.0
71-V
2.0
About us
The Swiss Endress+Hauser Group,manufacturers of measurement andautomation technology is one of thelargest producers of process controlinstrumentation in the world.More than 5000 employees worldwideensure that the pace of internationalismwill continue to gain momentum asE+H´s most important customers areincreasingly investing outside of Europe.Design and production is undertaken in12 Product Centres throughout theworld, with a clear centre around theBasle region. Twenty-six individual salescompanies, apart from many marketingpartners, serve the customersthroughout the world at a local level andguarantee reliable service. The holdingcompany of the very decentralized andevenly organized Group has itsheadquarters in Reinach, Switzerland.
Endress+Hauser production sites inMaulburg, Germany (level andpressure), Reinach, Switzerland (flow:mass, emf, vortex shedding), Cernay,France (flow, circuit boards),Greenwood, USA (level and flow),Tokyo, Japan (tank inventorymanagement), Manchester, UK (thermalgas measurement), Schopfheim,Germany (circuit boards), Gerlingen,Germany (analysis equipment),Cernusco, Italy, (temperature) andBeijing, China (level and flow) makeavailable a wide range ofinstrumentation for every application inall industries.
This Technical Information CD cataloguefrom E+H features an overview ofTechnical Information sheets (TI) ofmeasurement and automation devicesavailable from the E+H Group. Pleasenote that many more measuring devicesnot found in this CD are available to youon request from your local E+H dealer.The list of E+H companies andrepresentativers near you is located onthe address page.
Endress + HauserNothing beats know-how
SystemInformationSI 005F/00/en
Hauser+EndressNothing beats know-how
prosonic / nivosonic
Non-contact, ultrasonic levelmeasurement in liquids and solids
Internet: http://www.endress.com
PLC
PLC
Simple and Compact – Prosonic T
Prosonic T measuresthe level of liquids andgranular solids in tanks,e.g. buffer tanks, onconveyor belts or at belttransfer points
Prosonic TThe Prosonic T family is a newgeneration of ultrasonic transmittersfeaturing a highly compact constructionand available as a 2-wire or 4-wireversion.
Its application range covers• non-contact limit detection of liquids
and solids through to• continuous level measurement.
Several communication options areavailable allowing simple on-siteoperation through to operation anddisplay from a process control system.
An empty and fullcalibration can becarried out directly onthe transmitter with the4 pushbuttons.
Two externally visibleLEDs show the status ofthe instrument evenwhen the cover isclosed.
Continuousmeasurement in astorage tank
In addition: Liquiphant(for limit detection) asoverspill protection.
Continuous levelmeasurement in filterbasins (measurement ofwater levels).
2
At Home in the Field – Prosonic
For mounting in thefield: ProsonicA positioning unitenables the sensor tobe accurately focusedon the solids cone.
Level measurement forpump control.
Level measurement inchemical wastes.
Rackbus RS-485 giveslow-cost installation formany ultrasonicmeasuring points.
Up to 50 measuringpoints can be operatedon a max. 1200 m bus.
ProsonicProsonic is a measurement systemconsisting of a field transmitter andsensors for various measuring ranges.The transmitter is available with one ortwo channels, for level or flowmeasurement, with current output, avolume counter, and up to five relayoutputs.
It offers a complete and customisedcommunications package with optionsfor either local operation using the HARTprotocol right through to centralisedmonitoring and operation with standardbus systems.
Fields of application:• Level and volumetric measurement in
tanks containing liquids or solids• Water levels, levels differential water,
e.g. screen control• Flowrate measurement in channels
and weirs
3
Level measurement inan incineration plant.
Ultrasonic sensors in alimestone quarry.
Centralised evaluationwith Commutectransmitters in thecontrol room.
NivosonicNivosonic is a measuring system whichuses 19" Racksyst transmitters toevaluate oncoming sensor signals.Rugged ultrasonic sensors are availablefor a wide variety of measuring ranges.
Ideal applications for non-contactultrasonic measurement:• Level measurement in liquids• Level measurement in solids• Perfect for applications with high
mechanical loads, e.g. during filling.
The sensor can be accurately directedto any point within the silo, e.g. at theoutlet, by using a positioning unit.
Saving Space in the Control Room – Nivosonic
Evaluation, operationand display at a centralpoint.
4
A Rounded Communications Concept
Commuwin IIOperating and Display Program forall Ultrasonic TransmittersCommuwin II is the open operatingprogram for process automationsystems using intelligent instrumentsboth in the field and the control room.The graphic user interface enablesinstruments to be calibrated andmonitored using a wide variety ofstandard communication protocols.
Commuwin II operates on any personalcomputer using MS-Windows 3.1 or3.11, Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.The advantage: all common Windowsstandards such as printer drivers andwindows editing are also available withCommuwin II.
Connecting Smart UltrasonicTransmittersField transmitters such as Prosonic T,operating with standardised HARTprotocol or Endress+Hauser's ownINTENSOR protocol, can be simplyconnected to a personal computerusing the Commubox. This also appliesto instruments from other manufacturers.
Connecting to FieldbusAll intelligent instruments in the field andin the control room produced byEndress+Hauser and othermanufacturers can be calibrated withCommuwin II via PROFIBUS-PA.
Connecting to Process ControlSystemsAll transmitters from Endress+Hausercan be connected to higher processcontrol systems via 19" Commutectransmitters and the gateways ZA 672(MODBUS), ZA 673 (PROFIBUS), orZA 674 (FIP).
This enables all ultrasonic transmittersto be simply integrated into standardnetworks with maximum flexibility.
5
SupplementaryDocumentation
RackbusDigital communication with fielddevices for operation, visualisationand system integrationSystem Information SI 014F/00/en
PROFIBUS-PAHigh performance "informationhighway" for process controlSystem Information SI 027F/00/en
Commuwin IIOperating program for intelligentinstruments using MS-Windows™System Information SI 018F/00/en
SI 005F/00/en/02.98RÜ/CV5
Ultrasonics at a glance
Prosonic TFTU / FMU
Prosonic FDU 80…85 Nivosonic DU 40…DU 61
Liquids Sensor Solids Liquids Sensor Solids Liquids
Measuringrange
1½" sensor:0.25…5 m
2" sensor:0.4…8 m
Sensor DN 100:0.6…15 m
FDU 80/80FFDU 81/81FFDU 82FDU 83FDU 84FDU 85
0.3… 2 m0.5… 5 m0.8…10 m1.0…15 m0.8…25 m0.8…45 m
0.3… 5 m0.5… 9 m0.8…20 m1.0…25 m
——
DU 40 CDU 41 CDU 42 C/SDU 43 C/SDU 73 C/SDU 46 ZDU 60 ZDU 61 Z
0.6… 5 m0.9…10 m1.0…18 m0.8…25 m0.8…45 m2.5…60 m0.5… 6 m0.8…10 m
0.6…10 m0.9…20 m1.0…28 m
———
0.5…12 m0.8…20 m
Temperature max. 80 °C max. 95 °C max. 80 °C
Pressure max. 3 bar max. 3 bar max. 3 bar
Certificates
EEx ia IIC T6FM/CSA Cl. I,II, III, Div. 1Dust-Ex
EEx m II T6FM/CSA Cl. I, II, III, Div. 1Dust-Ex Zone 10
EEx iaDust-Ex Zone 10
TechnicalInformation
TI 247F/00/enTI 246F/00/en
TI 189F/00/enTI 066F/00/en, TI 078F/00/enTI 129F/00/en, TI 145F/00/enTI 175F/00/en, TI 215F/00/en
10.97/MTM
Endress+HauserGmbH+Co.Instruments InternationalP.O. Box 2222D-79574 Weil am RheinGermany
Tel. (07621) 975-02Tx 773926Fax (07621) 975345http://www.endress.com
Hauser+EndressNothing beats know-how
ApplicationThe DU 51 Z ultrasonic sensor can beused in liquid tanks of all kinds up to15 m (50 ft) high and in coarse orfine-grained bulk solids silos up to 7 m(23 ft) high.The «measuring blind flange» isdesigned especially for use with aggressive and flammable vapours andgases.It is approved for use in explosionhazardous area, Zone 0.Intrinsically safe sensor power issupplied by the Nivosonic FMU 673 Z or FMU 678 Z transmitter.
Features and Benefits• The flange and oscillating diaphragm
are made from a single unit of 1.4571stainless steel. This ensures nosealing problems can occur.
• High chemical resistance toaggressive vapours coming from thematerial.
• The resonant frequency of the sensorautomatically compensates forcondensation or material build-up toensure maximum operating efficiencyat all times.
• The connection between thetransmitter and sensor is intrinsicallysafe, i.e. simple laying of three-core(unscreened) cable.
• The ultrasonic sensor is fed by thetransmitter so that no auxiliary poweris required.
Ultrasonic Level MeasurementSensor DU 51 Z
Continuous, non-contact level measurement forliquids and solids,with approval for explosion hazardous area Zone 0
TechnicalInformationTI 078F/00/en
Hauser+EndressNothing beats know-how
The ultrasonicmeasuring systemfor continuous,non-contact level measurementin tanks and silos
Measuring system andfunctionB = blocking distance
(maximum level)D = distance from
sensor to surface of material
L = level in tankor silo
F = maximum level (100 %, Full)E = zero point of
measurement (0 %, Empty)
Operating Principle
Measuring System
Measurement Conditions The principal requirement for ultrasonicmeasurement is the reflection of anecho from the surface of the material.Gas layering can affect the accuracy ofthe measuring system.
• LiquidsThe sensor must be positioned exactlyperpendicular to the surface of theliquid.The surface must not be fully coveredby a thick layer of foam.
• Bulk SolidsThe sensor receives a sufficiently highproportion of diffuse echoes when thesurface roughness of the mounds isgreater than 4 mm (diffuse reflection). With fine-grained or powdery bulksolids, e.g. quartz sand, cement,powdered plastics, raw meal, etc.,function is dependent on the surfacecontours of the material (mirroredreflection).
Blocking DistanceDue to the decay characteristic of thesensor, there is a zone immediatelybelow it in which returning echoescannot be detected. This is known asthe blocking distance B and determinesthe minimum distance between thesensor diaphragm and the maximumlevel of the material in the tank or silo.This blocking distance is approx. 0.8 m(2.6 ft).
Measuring Range The maximum measuring range islimited by the attenuation of theultrasonic pulse by the air as well as bythe strength of the reflections from theproduct surface.
The complete measuring systemconsists of• the Nivosonic FMU 673 Z or FMU
678 Z transmitter in the control roomand
• the ultrasonic sensor DU 51 Z on thetank or silo
A temperature probe integrated in thesensor is used to compensate for runtime errors caused by temperaturevariations.
FMU 678 ZFMU 673 Z
DU 51 Z
DU 51 Z
explosion hazardous area
intrinsically safe
Ex Zone 0
ExZone 0
DU 51 Z
FMU
LD
BE
F
The ultrasonic emitter in the sensor isexcited electrically and sends anultrasonic pulse in the direction of thesurface of the material. The surfacepartially reflects the pulse. This echo isdetected by the same sensor, nowacting as a directional microphone, andconverted back into an electrical signal.The time between transmission andreception of the pulse – the sonic runtime – is directly proportional to thedistance from the surface of the materialto the sensor. The distance D isdetermined from the velocity of sound cand the run time t using the formula:
D = c ⋅ t2
2
Right:Echo attenuation as afunction of measuringrange with an examplefor calculating themeasuring range.
In mounting pipe, thesensor generates aninterference signalwhich decreases with increasing path
Above:Attenuation in dB with interference factors inthe tank or silo.
Effects Attenuation (dB)
Temperature layering *
Difference in air up to 20 °Ctemperature between up to 40 °Csensor and product up to 60 °Csurface
05...10
10...20
Filling curtainoutside the detection zonesmall amounts within the detectionzone large amounts within the detection zone
05...10
10...20
Liquid of liquidcalmwavesstrong turbulence (e.g. agitator)
05...10
10...20
FoamPlease contact Endress+Hauser
Surface of bulk solidhard, roughsofte.g. peat, dust-covered clinker
2020...40
Dustnonelowhigh
05
5...10
Maximum Range The maximum measuring rangedepends upon the following factors: • The strength of the signal coming from
the surface of the material (diffuseecho)
• The attenuation of the signal in thespace between the sensor and theproduct
• The level of background interferencecaused by, e.g. noise when filling.
• Interference echoes from fittings in thesilo
The first three factors depend upon therequirements of the application.
Interference echoes can be prevented ifthe recommendations given in thistechnical information brochure areobserved.
Optimum conditions are achieved if: • no internal fittings are located within
the detection zone • the tank or silo is not filled or emptied
during measurement• the surface of the liquid is calm and
without foam • there is no high concentration of
vapour in the tank • the solid is hard and coarse-grained
• there is no dust in the silo • the air temperature is not high.
Calculate the measuring range of theultrasonic sensor for your particularapplication:
• By using the table, check whichfactors affect the measurement.
• Add together the attenuation values(dB).
The diagram shows the ideal echoattenuation curve for the DU 51 Zsensor. • Move the ideal curve downwards by
the amount which corresponds to thesum of the attenuation values.
• Subtract the noise expected from the120 dB noise level. A typical noiselevel of approx. 20 dB is caused bythe silo filling or emptying and byinterference echoes coming from thesilo walls. The interference level isincreased for short measuring pathsdue to stronger interference echoes.
• The maximum range is indicated bythe point where the ideal curve andthe interference level line meet. Please refer to the example.
Planning Recommendations
Range m
Example: measuring range approx. 9 m
ideal curve DU 51 Z
possible background interference
Example: 30 dB
Blocking distance DU 51 Z: 0.8 m
Echo attenuation dB
B
Interference levelwith sensorin mounting pipe
(16 ft) (33 ft) (50 ft)
Example for calculating the range: (liquid tank):
Factor: Attenuation
Temperature difference in the tank max. 60 °C 20 dBFilling curtain outside the detection zone 0 dBAgitated liquid surface 10 dB
Total sum of attenuation values 30 dB
Measuring range under these conditions approx. 9 m
∗ x °C = (x ⋅ 95
+ 32) °F
3
Avoid interferenceechoes from internalfittings and rough silowalls!a) correct installation, no interference echoesb) non-critical installation,weak interference echoes onlyc) incorrect installation, strong interference echoes from internal fittings and from wall irregularities (e.g. welding seams)
Detection zone as afunction of applicationconditions.Continuous lines: goodreflectioncharacteristics, lowattenuation giving lowamplification in theNivosonic FMUtransmitter.
Broken lines: poorreflectioncharacteristics, strongattenuation giving highamplification in theNivosonic FMUtransmitter.
Detection Limits and InterferenceSignalsIf fixtures are present in the tank or silo,then careful positioning of the sensor iscritical in order to keep the interferencelevel as low as possible. The ultrasonicpulse should arrive unobstructed at theproduct surface. The pulse leaves thesensor as a narrow beam which widensas the distance increases. Every objectwithin this beam causes an echo whichis received by the sensor.• Edges, internal fittings, etc. in the first
third of the measuring range are morecritical since the sonic energy is stillhighly concentrated: small objects cancause large echoes.
• In the last third of the measuringrange, the sonic energy is spreadacross a much larger area. Internalfittings and edges are much lesscritical.
• Objects in the middle of the beam(continuous lines in the diagram)produce strong echoes.
• Echoes from the outside zone (brokenlines) are only significant when theworking signal from the surface of thesolid is weak.
Accuracy• The effect of pressure variations is
< 0.1% (in air or nitrogen).• A constant temperature and sonic
velocity along the entire measuringpath ensure a high degree ofaccuracy with error limits ≤1%. Theeffect of steep temperature gradientsalong the measuring path andchanging product components mustbe calculated and the Nivosonicprogrammed accordingly. A layer ofnitrogen above the product alters thesonic velocity by only +1%. Liquidswith high partial pressures must havegas compositions which remainconstant.
• The resolution is 1.7 cm at a sonicvelocity of 340 m/s.
surface of liquid
surface ofbulk
*
*
interferenceechoesshould beespeciallyavoidedin this zone!
*
(23 ft)
(5 ft)
(50 ft)
(5 ft)
B B
a) b) c)
B
4
signal
time
➃
➀
➁
➄
➂
a)b)
B
max.
Installation
Suppression ofinterference echoesfrom fixed installations:① Signal decay of the
sensor② Time dependent
threshold which an echo signal mustexceed to be
processed by the transmitter.
③ Interference echoes④ Interference echo suppression
(adjusted detection threshold)⑤ Working signal from the surface of the bulk solid
Right:Installation point forpowdery bulk solids.c) A trough between slopesreflects a strong echo in the direction of the sensor.d) Slightly rising surfaces with angles up to 5°still reflect enough sonic energy towards the sensore) The centre of the outflow cone reflects a sufficiently strong echo towards the sensor.
a) Do not carry out measurement through the filling curtainb) Distance B (blocking distance) to maximum level must be observed. See diagram on the next page for height of the mounting pipe
Recommendations when Mounting on a Silo• Direct the sensor to the centre of the
outflow funnel so that an echo isreceived even when the silo is empty.
• Avoid measuring through the fillingcurtain.
• The smooth surface of a veryfine-grained bulk solid or oneproducing dust gives no significantlydiffuse reflection. The beam isreflected like light (angle of incidence= angle of reflection). The installationpoint is, therefore, of criticalimportance for correct measurement.
Interference Signal SuppressionInterference echoes from stationaryinternal fittings can be suppressedusing then fixed target suppression“mode of the Nivosonic FMU673 ... 678 Z. This adjusts the detection limits suchthat interference echoes are no longeridentified and are therefore excludedfrom further signal processing. Note thatadjusting the detection limits to theinterference profile reduces themeasuring range. With weak workingsignals especially, (e.g. cement silos)the interference level should beminimised at the start by correctlyinstalling and positioning the sensor.
Recommendations for Mounting on a Tank• Position the sensor exactly
perpendicular to the surface of theliquid.
• Avoid measuring through the fillingcurtain.
• Mount the sensor high enough so thatno material enters the blockingdistance even with overfilling.
• Use the recommended sizes formounting pipes.
a) b)
Left:a) Correct installation As far from the silo wall and material inflow as possible. The centre of the outflow funnel reflects an echo which is received by the sensor even when the silo is empty.
b) Incorrect installation1. Detection through the filling curtain2. With an empty silo, the echo is reflected to one side so that the sensor cannot receive a working signal.
c)
d)
e)
5
Mounting
Electrical Connection
Connecting the ultrasonic sensor DU 51 Z to theNivosonic FMU ...
Mounting examples forclosed tanks or silos
All dimensions in mm100 mm = 3.94 in1 in = 25.4 mm
• No material build-up and nocondensation should occur in anarrow mounting pipe.
• Select a mounting pipe with thelargest possible diameter.
• The internal wall of the mounting pipeshould be as smooth as possible (noedges or welding seams).
• Insulate the mounting pipe whenmounting in the open to avoidcondensation.
• With cylindrical tanks or silos: Avoidmounting the sensor in the centre ofthe roof. This applies especially tocurved roofs as interference ormultiple echoes will tend to occur.
• When mounting the DU 51 Z, thecounter flange must be as smooth aspossible.Lay the gasket supplied on thecounterflange to ensure sonicdecoupling. When using other types ofgasket: The same thickness of gasketmust have a hardness of 60 ... 70Shore A.
• Install securely using all 8 screwssupplied.
• Tighten the screws crosswise with aneven pressure applied, recommended torque: approx.100 Nm ... 110 Nm, (75 ... 80 ft lbs).maximum torque 120 Nm (90 ft lbs).
Intrinsically safe connection of the DU 51 Z ultrasonic sensor to theNivosonic FMU 673 Z or FMU 678 Zusing normal, unscreened, three-coremultipurpose cable,max. 25 Ω per core.(Observe all explosion protectionregulations when laying cables!)Screened and twisted cabling isrecommended if it is to be laid in strongmagnetic or electrical fields.Connect the screening to the DU 51 Zonly!If a Pt100 sensor is required, then thismust be stated when ordering the DU51 Z sensor. Connect it to Terminals 4and 6 without jumper 5 – 6.
∅ 150
trimmed
TO avoid materialbuild-up by spattering,e.g. milk of lime vessels internal edge 45° x 2 mm
ideal mounting
∅ 150
∅ min. 350
∅ 150
45 o
Use gasket to DIN 2690 for all types of installation(supplied)
max. 400max. 700
max. 200
Ø 150
explosionhazardousarea
non-Exarea
potentialequalisation
externaltemperaturesensor
DU 51 Z
NivosonicFMU 673 ZFMU 678 Z
6
Dimensions of the DU 51 Z ultrasonic sensor in mm
100 mm = 3.94 in1 in = 25.4 mm
Sizes for the standard flange DN 150, PN 16,DIN 2501
Technical Data Measuring RangeUp to 15 m (liquids),under ideal conditions:• ambient temperature 0 . . . 30 °C• atmospheric pressure• ideal mounting, see Page 6• calm liquid surface, no foam or
turbulence• measuring path free of obstacles
Up to 7 m (solids) underideal conditions• ambient temperature 0 . . . 30 °C• atmospheric pressure• ideal mounting, see Page 6• dust-free, hard surface with a grain
size of greater than 10 mm (e.g. ballast)
• measuring path free of obstacles
Operating Data• Bursting pressure: 5 bar (70 psi)• Operating temperature in the tank or
silo: –20 °C . . . +80 °C ( 4 ... 170 °F)• Ambient temperature for
the housing: –20 °C . . . +60 °C(4 ... 140 °F)
• Ultrasonic run time compensation:silicon temperature sensor mountedbehind the diaphragm of the sensor
• Operating pressure pe: max. 3 bar• Ultrasonic frequency: approx. 21 kHz• Pulse frequency: approx. 2 Hz• Blocking distance: approx. 0.8 m• Emission angle at – 3 dB: 3°
Construction and Materials• Flange and oscillator: machined from
a single piece of stainless steel 1.4571• Flange size: DN 150, PN 16• Gasket supplied: NBR• Housing: aluminium (AISi 9)• Protection according to DIN 40050:
IP 65• Degree of protection: EEx de ib IIC T 6• Weight: 16.2 kg
Subject to modification.
∅ 22
∅ 240
∅ 285
222 x water-tightPG 16
295
40
380
140
7
SupplementaryDocumentation
How to Order
TI 078F/00/en/05.93Printed in Germany/Gw/Gw
Ultrasonic sensor DU 51 Z
Order Code DU 51 Z - A11 A1
Certificate of conformityPTB No. Ex-89.C.2069 and Certificate of design01/PTB No. Ex-89.C.2069 Certificate ZE 023/00/e
Level measurement transmitter Nivosonic FMU 673 Z, FMU 678 ZTechnical Information TI 128/00/e
10.97/MTM
Endress+HauserGmbH+Co.Instruments InternationalP.O. Box 2222D-79574 Weil am RheinGermany
Tel. (07621) 975-02Tx 773926Fax (07621) 975345http://www.endress.com
Hauser+EndressNothing beats know-how