Post on 25-Apr-2020
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FACULTAD PSICOLOGÍA PROGRAMA DE PSICOLOGÍA MAESTRÍA EN PSICOLOGÍA
BOGOTÁ D.C. LICENCIA CREATIVE COMMONS: Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5
Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5)
AÑO DE ELABORACIÓN: 2019 TÍTULO: Efecto del entrenamiento en programas de razón en la conducta de autocontrol AUTOR (ES): González Cardozo, Heriberto José DIRECTOR(ES): Santacoloma Suárez, Andres Mauricio ASESOR (ES): Avendaño Prieto, Bertha Lucia
MODALIDAD: Tesis de maestria
PÁGINAS: 94 TABLAS: 17 CUADROS: FIGURAS: 5 ANEXOS:
CONTENIDO:
1. Resumen.
2. Justificación.
3. Conducta de elección.
4. El valor del reforzador.
5. Economía conductual.
6. Conducta de autocontrol.
7. Contingencias de reforzamiento.
8. Programas de reforzamiento.
9. Objetivos.
10. Método.
11. Consideraciones éticas.
12. Análisis de resultados.
13. Discusión de resultados.
14. Referencias.
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PALABRAS CLAVES: AUTOCONTROL, PROGRAMAS DE REFORZAMIENTO,
ELECCIÓN, RETARDO DEL REFORZAMIENTO, CANTIDAD DE
REFORZAMIENTO.
DESCRIPCIÓN: El presente estudio buscó determinar el efecto del entrenamiento en
programas de razón fija y razón variable, en la conducta de autocontrol. Se realizó un
estudio cuasi experimental, para lo cual se elaboró un software que permitió registrar y
almacenar las respuestas y el puntaje asociado. Se asignaron de manera aleatoria diez (10)
estudiantes universitarios, a diez condiciones (9 experimentales y 1 control). El
procedimiento estuvo estructurado en tres fases. La primera fase consistió en la obtención
de la línea de base mediante ensayos de elección discreta, en los cuales el valor y demora
del reforzador presentaron variaciones. En la segunda fase, cada participante fue expuesto a
un programa de razón fija, o razón variable, y en la tercera fase, se regresó a la línea de
base mediante ensayos de elección discreta, los cuales guardaron las mismas
especificaciones de la línea de base. METODOLOGÍA: El estudio fue de corte cuasi-experimental, que se caracterizó por
determinar la relación causal entre el criterio por el cual se realizó la entrega del reforzador
variable independiente, sobre la conducta de autocontrol variable dependiente, para ello se
implementó un diseño intrasujeto tipo ABA, caracterizado por la presencia de dos
condiciones de evaluación y un tratamiento. Para realizar la investigación, se diseñó un
software que programó los ensayos de elección discreta y las secuencias de ensayos para
los programas de razón. Además de esto, el programa permitió registrar la ejecución de los
participantes, así como, la asignación aleatoria de cada participante en las condiciones
experimentales y de control. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró, un cambio en las tasas relativas de cuatro participantes
(S1, S2, S5 y S8), cuando distintas cantidades son entregadas en distintos retardos. Asi
mismo, tambien se encontró un cambio en las tasas relativas de tres participantes (S3, S4 y
S7), cuando distintas cantidades son entregadas con el mismo retardo. Por otra parte, se
encontró que el límite en la cantidad de ensayos disponibles, no es un factor que determine
la escogencia de aquellos reforzadores que son entregados después de una demora larga en
el tiempo. De igual forma, se encontró que la sensibilidad a la demora en la entrega del
reforzador es un factor que incide en la localización del patrón de la conducta.
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